CA3146695A1 - Packaging technique for inductive conductivity sensors - Google Patents
Packaging technique for inductive conductivity sensors Download PDFInfo
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- CA3146695A1 CA3146695A1 CA3146695A CA3146695A CA3146695A1 CA 3146695 A1 CA3146695 A1 CA 3146695A1 CA 3146695 A CA3146695 A CA 3146695A CA 3146695 A CA3146695 A CA 3146695A CA 3146695 A1 CA3146695 A1 CA 3146695A1
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- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012858 packaging process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
- H01F27/288—Shielding
- H01F27/2885—Shielding with shields or electrodes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/023—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance where the material is placed in the field of a coil
- G01N27/025—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance where the material is placed in the field of a coil a current being generated within the material by induction
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
- H01F27/32—Insulating of coils, windings, or parts thereof
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- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Magnetic Means (AREA)
Abstract
This invention presents a new packaging technique that allows for the use of a wider range of isolating materials for inductive conductivity sensors, thereby significantly reducing the cost of producing the sensors, improving their precision and accuracy, and increasing their sensitivity.
Description
TITLE OF INVENTION:
Packaging Technique for Inductive Conductivity Sensors CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS: Co-pending US utility patent application 14/721,444, "Conductivity and Impedance Sensor", by the same inventor.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION:
Inductive conductivity sensors are widely used in quality monitoring and process control for many industrial and research applications. Non-contact, inductive conductivity sensors are of interest because of their immunity to chemical corrosion and maintaining their calibration for a longer period of time. The manufacturing process of conventional inductive conductivity sensors requires complicated, time-consuming, and expensive production steps. While the fundamental measurement concept is simple, the main complexity of the conductivity sensor comes from its packaging process.
This invention presents a new packaging technique that allows for the use of a wider range of isolating materials for inductive conductivity sensors, which will significantly reduce the cost of producing the sensor and increase its sensitivity. It will combine exceptionally advantageously with the conductivity and impedance sensors that are the subject of this inventor's co-pending application number 14/721,444, and the disclosure of that application is incorporated herein be reference.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION:
The polymers employed to isolate the magnetic cores, and the materials used to protect them against the under-test substance, affect the electrical and magnetic properties of the sensor. In order to overcome this issue, in conventional sensors, the components of the magnetic system are separated from the polymer material using a secondary material such as a porous ceramic cement. A very limited group of materials with unique properties can be used for this purpose. The process and material expenses for the secondary material add a significant cost to the manufacturing process of the sensor.
Furthermore, the secondary material affects the performance of the sensor. A limited group of materials can be used for the secondary isolation due to their required chemical, mechanical, electrical, and magnetic properties. Often, a third material such as a metal support is also required to mechanically protect the sensitive secondary insulator from external mechanical tensions.
This invention presents a new packaging technique that allows for the use of a wider range of isolating materials for inductive conductivity sensors. It will significantly reduce the cost of producing the sensor, improve its precision and accuracy, and increase its sensitivity.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING:
FIG. 1A, Prior Art, illustrates the simplest form of the toroidal conductivity sensor comprising a drive toroid, a receiving toroid, and a conductive material around the sensor making a current loop that transfers the energy from the driving toroid to the sensing toroid_ FIG. 1B, Prior Art, illustrates the cross-section view of the simplest form of the toroidal conductivity sensor. This figure shows how a non-conductive, magnetically
Packaging Technique for Inductive Conductivity Sensors CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS: Co-pending US utility patent application 14/721,444, "Conductivity and Impedance Sensor", by the same inventor.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION:
Inductive conductivity sensors are widely used in quality monitoring and process control for many industrial and research applications. Non-contact, inductive conductivity sensors are of interest because of their immunity to chemical corrosion and maintaining their calibration for a longer period of time. The manufacturing process of conventional inductive conductivity sensors requires complicated, time-consuming, and expensive production steps. While the fundamental measurement concept is simple, the main complexity of the conductivity sensor comes from its packaging process.
This invention presents a new packaging technique that allows for the use of a wider range of isolating materials for inductive conductivity sensors, which will significantly reduce the cost of producing the sensor and increase its sensitivity. It will combine exceptionally advantageously with the conductivity and impedance sensors that are the subject of this inventor's co-pending application number 14/721,444, and the disclosure of that application is incorporated herein be reference.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION:
The polymers employed to isolate the magnetic cores, and the materials used to protect them against the under-test substance, affect the electrical and magnetic properties of the sensor. In order to overcome this issue, in conventional sensors, the components of the magnetic system are separated from the polymer material using a secondary material such as a porous ceramic cement. A very limited group of materials with unique properties can be used for this purpose. The process and material expenses for the secondary material add a significant cost to the manufacturing process of the sensor.
Furthermore, the secondary material affects the performance of the sensor. A limited group of materials can be used for the secondary isolation due to their required chemical, mechanical, electrical, and magnetic properties. Often, a third material such as a metal support is also required to mechanically protect the sensitive secondary insulator from external mechanical tensions.
This invention presents a new packaging technique that allows for the use of a wider range of isolating materials for inductive conductivity sensors. It will significantly reduce the cost of producing the sensor, improve its precision and accuracy, and increase its sensitivity.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING:
FIG. 1A, Prior Art, illustrates the simplest form of the toroidal conductivity sensor comprising a drive toroid, a receiving toroid, and a conductive material around the sensor making a current loop that transfers the energy from the driving toroid to the sensing toroid_ FIG. 1B, Prior Art, illustrates the cross-section view of the simplest form of the toroidal conductivity sensor. This figure shows how a non-conductive, magnetically
2 transparent material such as a corrosion-resistive polymer is employed to protect the magnetic core and wires from the under-test substance.
FIG. 2A, Prior Art, illustrates a shielding disk placed between two toroids preventing direct induction from the drive toroid to the sensing toroid_ FIG. 2B shows the embodiment of a conventional toroidal conductivity measurement sensor. The sensor comprises a driving toroid, a sensing toroid, a shielding conductive disk, a corrosion-resistive polymer, a secondary insulating material, and metal casing.
FIG. 3, Prior Art, shows how the secondary insulating material makes a closed loop around the drive toroid and the sensing toroid, causing a current loop due to any electrical or magnetic conductivity of the material, resulting a transfer of energy from the drive toroid to the sensing toroid.
FIG. 4 shows the embodiment of this novel packaging for a toroidal conductivity-measurement sensor.
FIGS. 5A and 56 show the embodiment of this novel packaging for toroidal conductivity-measurement sensors with 3 toroids. FIG. 5A shows an embodiment with two driving toroids and one receiving toroid, and FIG. 56 shows an embodiment with one driving toroid and two receiving toroids.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION:
The simplest form of the toroidal conductivity sensor in prior art is illustrated in FIG. 1A.
The sensor is comprised of a drive toroid 101 and a receiving or sensing toroid 102. A
conductive material around the sensor makes a current loop 103 that transfers the applied
FIG. 2A, Prior Art, illustrates a shielding disk placed between two toroids preventing direct induction from the drive toroid to the sensing toroid_ FIG. 2B shows the embodiment of a conventional toroidal conductivity measurement sensor. The sensor comprises a driving toroid, a sensing toroid, a shielding conductive disk, a corrosion-resistive polymer, a secondary insulating material, and metal casing.
FIG. 3, Prior Art, shows how the secondary insulating material makes a closed loop around the drive toroid and the sensing toroid, causing a current loop due to any electrical or magnetic conductivity of the material, resulting a transfer of energy from the drive toroid to the sensing toroid.
FIG. 4 shows the embodiment of this novel packaging for a toroidal conductivity-measurement sensor.
FIGS. 5A and 56 show the embodiment of this novel packaging for toroidal conductivity-measurement sensors with 3 toroids. FIG. 5A shows an embodiment with two driving toroids and one receiving toroid, and FIG. 56 shows an embodiment with one driving toroid and two receiving toroids.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION:
The simplest form of the toroidal conductivity sensor in prior art is illustrated in FIG. 1A.
The sensor is comprised of a drive toroid 101 and a receiving or sensing toroid 102. A
conductive material around the sensor makes a current loop 103 that transfers the applied
3 energy from driving toroid 101 to sensing toroid 102. The electrical parameters of this measurement structure, when surrounded by the under-test substance, are affected due to electrical and magnetic properties of the under-test substance. As introduced in the prior art and as shown in FIG. 18, a non-conductive, magnetically transparent material 104, often a corrosion resistive polymer, is employed to protect the magnetic core and wires from the under-test substance. The insulator 104 can also mechanically stabilize the sensor. The main problem of the sensor embodiment of FIG. 1B is the direct induction from the drive toroid 101 to the sensing toroid 102. To prevent the direct induction that affects the sensor's functionalities, as illustrated in FIG. 2A, a shielding disk 105 is placed between the two toroids. The shielding material 105 can be metal or any conductive material. It is also common to ground the shielding material 105.
It is known that the sensor embodiment of FIG. 18 or FIG. 2A is affected by the dielectric properties of the under-test substance. The corrosion-resistive polymer 104 is often a good dielectric material. Material 104, in combination with the under-test substance, affects the self-capacitance of the wires of the drive toroid 101 and the self-capacitance of the wires of the receiving toroid 102 and the mutual capacitance made between the wires of two toroids. The common technique to reduce the influence of the dielectric properties of the under-test material on the self-capacitance and mutual capacitance of the toroids is the use of a secondary insulating material 108. The insulating material 108 has a weak dielectric property or it has a spongy or porous structure that results a low equivalent capacitance.
Materials that satisfy the criteria for insulator 108 can be brittle or sensitive to mechanical shocks. Hence, it is very common to employ a mechanically-stronger metallic casing to protect the insulator 108. The metal casing 106 also acts as a shielding cage to protect the
It is known that the sensor embodiment of FIG. 18 or FIG. 2A is affected by the dielectric properties of the under-test substance. The corrosion-resistive polymer 104 is often a good dielectric material. Material 104, in combination with the under-test substance, affects the self-capacitance of the wires of the drive toroid 101 and the self-capacitance of the wires of the receiving toroid 102 and the mutual capacitance made between the wires of two toroids. The common technique to reduce the influence of the dielectric properties of the under-test material on the self-capacitance and mutual capacitance of the toroids is the use of a secondary insulating material 108. The insulating material 108 has a weak dielectric property or it has a spongy or porous structure that results a low equivalent capacitance.
Materials that satisfy the criteria for insulator 108 can be brittle or sensitive to mechanical shocks. Hence, it is very common to employ a mechanically-stronger metallic casing to protect the insulator 108. The metal casing 106 also acts as a shielding cage to protect the
4 sensor from external electromagnetic noises. It is also common to ground the metal casing 106 to improve its shielding properties. A gap 107, which can be an air-gap or filled with any non-conducting material, should prevent the metal casing 106 from making a closed loop as a conductor around either the drive toroid or the sensing toroid or both toroids. The embodiment of the conventional sensors is shown in FIG. 2B.
As shown in FIG. 3, material 108 makes a closed loop 109 around toroid 101 and toroid 102.
Any electrical or magnetic conductivity of the material 108 results in a transfer of energy from the drive toroid 101 to the sensing toroid 102. A direct transfer of energy via loop 109 results in an error in the conductivity measurement. Considering this fact, it is obvious that a very limited group of materials can be used as material 108 in the sensor embodiment, because of their necessarily unusual electrical, magnetic, and dielectric properties. Material 108 should have four major properties: poor capacitance, high magnetic transparency, high magnetic reluctance, and low electrical conductivity. Any degradation of material 108 over time can affect at least one of these four properties and result in a significant decline in the sensor's accuracy.
This invention presents a new structure that eliminates the dependence of the sensor on a practically unique material 108. In this novel technique, as shown in Fig. 4, a magnetically transparent, non-electrically conductive material 112 is employed to separate the toroids.
The toroid 101 and the material 110 around toroid 101 are separated from toroid 102 and the material 111 around toroid 102 using a shielding material 112. Material 110 and material 111 have poor capacitance and are magnetically transparent. This innovative invention allows the use of a wider range of substances as materials 110 and 111, including a wider group of ceramic compounds with better mechanical properties that do not require a metal structure for mechanical protection. This includes, but is not limited to, any porous cements and spongy polymers and foams. Preventing a closed loop of material 110 or material 111 around both toroids (similar to loop 109 in Fig. 3) in the new embodiment significantly reduces the measurement error. Avoiding a metallic casing 106, or reducing its thickness, results better sensitivity in conductivity measurement. The simplest embodiment for this invention is shown in FIG. 4. The sensor embodiment of FIG. 4 also includes an optional thin conductive layer 106 for shielding purposes. This conductive layer includes a gap 107 that can be an air-gap or filled with any non-conducting material. The gap 107 prevents the conductive layer 106 from making a conductive closed loop around either drive toroid 101, or sensing toroid 102, or both toroids. The conductive layer 106 can be grounded to improve its shielding properties. As shown in FIG. 4 the preferred embodiment for the sensor also comprises a shielding disk 105 that prevents the direct transfer of energy from toroid 101 to toroid 102. The shielding disk 105 can also be grounded to improve its shielding properties.
The idea of using a magnetically transparent, non-electrically conductive material 112 to separate the driving toroid from the receiving toroid, and using two separate magnetically transparent materials 110 and 111 with poor capacitance around the toroids, can also be used for inductive conductivity sensors with 3 toroids. Conductivity sensors with three toroids are commonly used to achieve a higher precision and higher accuracy measurement. A sensor structure with one driving toroid and two receiving toroids (connected in series) is commonly used to achieve higher sensitivity, and a sensor structure with two driving toroids (connected in series) and one receiving toroid is known to be less sensitive to external noise.
In the sensor embodiment shown in FIG. SA, the sensor comprises two drive toroids, 101 and 113, and one sensing toroid 102. Electromagnetically transparent components 110, 111, and 114, which have poor capacitance properties, surround the three toroids, and the toroids are separated from each other using insulator 112. This embodiment can also be practiced using one driving toroid and two receiving toroids as shown in FIG.
SB. In FIG. SB
the sensor comprises one drive toroid 101 and two sensing toroids 102 and 115.
Electromagnetically transparent components 110, 111, and 116, which have poor capacitance properties, surround the three toroids, and the toroids are separated from each other using insulator 112.
As shown in FIG. 3, material 108 makes a closed loop 109 around toroid 101 and toroid 102.
Any electrical or magnetic conductivity of the material 108 results in a transfer of energy from the drive toroid 101 to the sensing toroid 102. A direct transfer of energy via loop 109 results in an error in the conductivity measurement. Considering this fact, it is obvious that a very limited group of materials can be used as material 108 in the sensor embodiment, because of their necessarily unusual electrical, magnetic, and dielectric properties. Material 108 should have four major properties: poor capacitance, high magnetic transparency, high magnetic reluctance, and low electrical conductivity. Any degradation of material 108 over time can affect at least one of these four properties and result in a significant decline in the sensor's accuracy.
This invention presents a new structure that eliminates the dependence of the sensor on a practically unique material 108. In this novel technique, as shown in Fig. 4, a magnetically transparent, non-electrically conductive material 112 is employed to separate the toroids.
The toroid 101 and the material 110 around toroid 101 are separated from toroid 102 and the material 111 around toroid 102 using a shielding material 112. Material 110 and material 111 have poor capacitance and are magnetically transparent. This innovative invention allows the use of a wider range of substances as materials 110 and 111, including a wider group of ceramic compounds with better mechanical properties that do not require a metal structure for mechanical protection. This includes, but is not limited to, any porous cements and spongy polymers and foams. Preventing a closed loop of material 110 or material 111 around both toroids (similar to loop 109 in Fig. 3) in the new embodiment significantly reduces the measurement error. Avoiding a metallic casing 106, or reducing its thickness, results better sensitivity in conductivity measurement. The simplest embodiment for this invention is shown in FIG. 4. The sensor embodiment of FIG. 4 also includes an optional thin conductive layer 106 for shielding purposes. This conductive layer includes a gap 107 that can be an air-gap or filled with any non-conducting material. The gap 107 prevents the conductive layer 106 from making a conductive closed loop around either drive toroid 101, or sensing toroid 102, or both toroids. The conductive layer 106 can be grounded to improve its shielding properties. As shown in FIG. 4 the preferred embodiment for the sensor also comprises a shielding disk 105 that prevents the direct transfer of energy from toroid 101 to toroid 102. The shielding disk 105 can also be grounded to improve its shielding properties.
The idea of using a magnetically transparent, non-electrically conductive material 112 to separate the driving toroid from the receiving toroid, and using two separate magnetically transparent materials 110 and 111 with poor capacitance around the toroids, can also be used for inductive conductivity sensors with 3 toroids. Conductivity sensors with three toroids are commonly used to achieve a higher precision and higher accuracy measurement. A sensor structure with one driving toroid and two receiving toroids (connected in series) is commonly used to achieve higher sensitivity, and a sensor structure with two driving toroids (connected in series) and one receiving toroid is known to be less sensitive to external noise.
In the sensor embodiment shown in FIG. SA, the sensor comprises two drive toroids, 101 and 113, and one sensing toroid 102. Electromagnetically transparent components 110, 111, and 114, which have poor capacitance properties, surround the three toroids, and the toroids are separated from each other using insulator 112. This embodiment can also be practiced using one driving toroid and two receiving toroids as shown in FIG.
SB. In FIG. SB
the sensor comprises one drive toroid 101 and two sensing toroids 102 and 115.
Electromagnetically transparent components 110, 111, and 116, which have poor capacitance properties, surround the three toroids, and the toroids are separated from each other using insulator 112.
Claims (8)
1. An inductive conductivity sensor, comprising at least one drive toroid or other electromagnetically analogous drive structure, and at least one receiving toroid or other electromagnetically analogous receiving structure, wherein the structures are at least partially submersed in a conductive test substance, and a current is applied to the drive toroid and measured at the receiving toroid so as to obtain a measurement of the conductivity of the test substance, wherein the improvement comprises:
surrounding each toroid with an insulating material that is magnetically transparent and has poor capacitance to form an insulated unit, and surrounding each insulated unit, and separating the insulated units from each other, with a magnetically transparent and non-electrically conductive shielding material.
surrounding each toroid with an insulating material that is magnetically transparent and has poor capacitance to form an insulated unit, and surrounding each insulated unit, and separating the insulated units from each other, with a magnetically transparent and non-electrically conductive shielding material.
2. The sensor of Claim 1, wherein each insulated unit is provided with one or more toroidally-shaped conductive shields located between the toroids.
3. The Sensor of Claim 1, wherein the shielding material is in turn surrounded by a layer of a conductive material, which layer is provided with an air gap or other non-conductive interruption to prevent the layer from constituting a conductive closed loop around the toroids.
4. The sensor of Claim 3, wherein each insulated unit is provided with one or more toroidally-shaped conductive shields located between the toroids.
5. The Sensor of Claim 1, wherein there are a plurality of drive toroids and one receiving toroid, or one drive toroid and a plurality of receiving toroids.
6. The sensor of Claim 5, wherein each insulated unit is provided with one or more toroidally-shaped conductive shields located between the toroids.
7. The Sensor of Claim 5, wherein the shielding material is in turn surrounded by a layer of a conductive material, which layer is provided with an air gap or other non-conductive interruption to prevent the layer from constituting a conductive closed loop around the toroids.
8. The sensor of Claim 7, wherein each insulated unit is provided with one or more toroidally-shaped conductive shields located between the toroids.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US2019/018453 WO2020236129A1 (en) | 2019-05-22 | 2019-05-22 | Packaging technique for inductive conductivity sensors |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA3146695A1 true CA3146695A1 (en) | 2020-11-26 |
Family
ID=73459137
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA3146695A Pending CA3146695A1 (en) | 2019-05-22 | 2019-05-22 | Packaging technique for inductive conductivity sensors |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3973558A4 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2019446949A1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA3146695A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2020236129A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA202202866B (en) |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2869071A (en) * | 1956-10-29 | 1959-01-13 | Gerald L Esterson | Apparatus for measuring electrical conductivity of fluids |
| US5157332A (en) * | 1989-10-13 | 1992-10-20 | The Foxboro Company | Three-toroid electrodeless conductivity cell |
| JP3649457B2 (en) * | 1994-06-30 | 2005-05-18 | アジレント・テクノロジーズ・インク | Electromagnetic induction probe, impedance measuring device, calibration method, and calibration jig |
| US5828282A (en) * | 1996-12-13 | 1998-10-27 | General Electric Company | Apparatus and method for shielding a toroidal current sensor |
| US7126343B1 (en) * | 2005-07-27 | 2006-10-24 | Ecolab Inc. | Conductivity probe with toroid keeper |
| MY167755A (en) * | 2010-06-01 | 2018-09-24 | Halliburton Energy Services Inc | Fluid resistivity sensor |
-
2019
- 2019-05-22 AU AU2019446949A patent/AU2019446949A1/en active Pending
- 2019-05-22 WO PCT/US2019/018453 patent/WO2020236129A1/en unknown
- 2019-05-22 CA CA3146695A patent/CA3146695A1/en active Pending
- 2019-05-22 EP EP19929768.0A patent/EP3973558A4/en active Pending
-
2022
- 2022-03-09 ZA ZA2022/02866A patent/ZA202202866B/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ZA202202866B (en) | 2023-06-28 |
| EP3973558A4 (en) | 2023-01-18 |
| AU2019446949A1 (en) | 2022-05-26 |
| WO2020236129A1 (en) | 2020-11-26 |
| EP3973558A1 (en) | 2022-03-30 |
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