CA2808763A1 - Turf aerator with multiple probes and self propelled drive - Google Patents
Turf aerator with multiple probes and self propelled drive Download PDFInfo
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- CA2808763A1 CA2808763A1 CA2808763A CA2808763A CA2808763A1 CA 2808763 A1 CA2808763 A1 CA 2808763A1 CA 2808763 A CA2808763 A CA 2808763A CA 2808763 A CA2808763 A CA 2808763A CA 2808763 A1 CA2808763 A1 CA 2808763A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B45/00—Machines for treating meadows or lawns, e.g. for sports grounds
- A01B45/02—Machines for treating meadows or lawns, e.g. for sports grounds for aerating
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Abstract
A gasoline powered aerator with a single row of 3 probes is configured for deep penetration and injection of compressed air or maintenance fluids. A self-propelled axle powers the vehicle for movement forward and backward and the cylinders which raise and lower the probes are operated pneumatically by air being produced by one air compressor. The probes penetrate to a depth of approximately 9 to 12 inches.
In use, a high pressure blast of air is emitted through apertures near the probe tips, loosening surrounding compacted soil. Liquid substances may be injected into the loosened soil through the apertures. The probes are arranged in a row assembly. The row assembly having at least three air cylinders and at least three probes. Advantageously, each probe does not require a separate dedicated actuator. Thus, the row assembly configuration of the exemplary embodiment reduces cost and improves reliability. The single row assembly, which has a plurality of probes, covers a relatively wide swath of terrain 4 to 5 feet in one cycle. This scope of coverage reduces the time required to treat an area as compared to a device that featuring a single probe in a row. Part of the machines utility function of pneumatically putting the pressure pads and springs on the surface, sending the probes into the subsurface are all accomplished without the use of hydraulics or the use of hydraulic fluids. Furthermore, the probes are evenly spaced in the row to ensure uniform coverage. For large areas, the savings in time can be substantial.
In use, a high pressure blast of air is emitted through apertures near the probe tips, loosening surrounding compacted soil. Liquid substances may be injected into the loosened soil through the apertures. The probes are arranged in a row assembly. The row assembly having at least three air cylinders and at least three probes. Advantageously, each probe does not require a separate dedicated actuator. Thus, the row assembly configuration of the exemplary embodiment reduces cost and improves reliability. The single row assembly, which has a plurality of probes, covers a relatively wide swath of terrain 4 to 5 feet in one cycle. This scope of coverage reduces the time required to treat an area as compared to a device that featuring a single probe in a row. Part of the machines utility function of pneumatically putting the pressure pads and springs on the surface, sending the probes into the subsurface are all accomplished without the use of hydraulics or the use of hydraulic fluids. Furthermore, the probes are evenly spaced in the row to ensure uniform coverage. For large areas, the savings in time can be substantial.
Description
TURF AERATOR WITH MULTIPLE PROBES AND SELF PROPELLED DRIVE
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] This invention generally relates to lawn, golf course and athletic field maintenance equipment, and more particularly, to a self-propelled powered aerator with three (3) pneumatically operated probes arranged in a row and configured for deep penetration and injection of compressed air and liquids.
BACKGROUND
100021 Aeration is one of the most important and most neglected maintenance practices that can be employed to maintain the health of lawns, golf course greens and/or athletic fields and to ward off serious problems. Golf course greens cannot grow on compacted soils. Many times, there is no evidence of insect or disease activity, but the turf seems to be off-color, thinning, and shows signs of stress in high temperatures.
Chances are good that the problems can be attributed to compaction and insufficient air reaching the roots because the turf has not been aerated properly or sub-surface bacteria is taken place.
100031 Compaction is a physical process that slowly reduces the amount of oxygen contained in the soil and nutrient movement to the roots, which are critical parts of a healthy grass plant. Roots of the plant need oxygen, and as a product of their growth process, give off carbon dioxide. As compaction increases, less and less oxygen can enter the soil and less carbon dioxide can escape. The net result is a gradually thinning lawn until, ultimately, the soil can no longer support any turf growth and fungus and bad microbial activity begins.
[0004] Aeration provides several advantages. It opens passageways in the soil, allowing air, water, and nutrient movement. In addition to increasing soil permeability, aeration reduces soil compaction, improves water penetration, inhibits growth of bacteria and fungus and stimulates root development as well as good microbial activity.
Periodic soil aeration relieves the compaction in the soil before the negative effects of compaction overburden the soil to the point that it can no longer support desirable vegetation.
[0005] Consequently, aeration helps prevent a number of problems, including compaction, bacteria and fungus growth, excessive watering and chemical treatment. In areas where sod of one soil type is placed on soil of another type (for example, peat sod on heavy clay), shallow roots often develop. Aeration will help alleviate this problem.
During drought conditions, aeration helps water reach thirsty roots. When rain is heavy, aeration allows air to penetrate and help dry up excess moisture. Each is a stress condition that would otherwise compromise the integrity of the turf.
[0006] To relieve compaction, various soil aerators have been devised. In general, soil aerators penetrate the ground with coring tubes that remove "plugs" of soil.
Many such aerators have a rotating drum that rides on the ground with coring tubes projecting in an outward radial direction. Unfortunately, aeration with such conventional coring tube aeration systems is often inefficient and counterproductive. As the drum rotates, tubes are forced into the ground. Because of the rotating configuration, the tubes are designed for shallow penetration and tend to tear the turf during rotational movement through the soil. Such conventional coring tube aeration systems typically do not penetrate deeply enough to relieve compaction around buried roots. Additionally, conventional aerators can actually worsen the condition of the damage to the soil by tearing through the turf and substantially compacting the underlying soil during the downward rotation of the tubes, thereby making the soil more impermeable to air and moisture.
Additionally, any time cores are removed, a top dressing of special baked sand is required to fill the holes.
This extra step is tedious and costly.
[0007] Alternatives to the rotating drum design include aerators with complex mechanical reciprocating actuator assemblies. Unfortunately, however, such assemblies are complex, unreliable and difficult to maintain. Additionally, they tend to provide little or no independent control for individual probes. Furthermore, such probes achieve shallow depths, typically no greater than 4-5 inches, with no fracturing effect of the soil below this depth. Thus, deeper roots that can benefit substantially from aeration are untreated.
[0008] Most commercial-duty aerators are towable. These devices typically have two wheels (e.g., a right and a left wheel) and a hitch device to attach the soil aerator frame to a tractor. While this construction provides a versatile device, a tractor is required to operate it. For professional aeration service providers, transporting a separate tractor and hitching the tractor to the aerator can be cumbersome and unnecessarily time consuming.
[0009] What is needed is a drivable or self-propelled powered aerator with multiple controllable probes configured for deep penetration, fracturing of the soil and injection of compressed air and maintenance fluids without unnecessarily tearing the turf.
The powered drive and aerator actuating mechanisms should be reliable and easy to maintain.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] This invention generally relates to lawn, golf course and athletic field maintenance equipment, and more particularly, to a self-propelled powered aerator with three (3) pneumatically operated probes arranged in a row and configured for deep penetration and injection of compressed air and liquids.
BACKGROUND
100021 Aeration is one of the most important and most neglected maintenance practices that can be employed to maintain the health of lawns, golf course greens and/or athletic fields and to ward off serious problems. Golf course greens cannot grow on compacted soils. Many times, there is no evidence of insect or disease activity, but the turf seems to be off-color, thinning, and shows signs of stress in high temperatures.
Chances are good that the problems can be attributed to compaction and insufficient air reaching the roots because the turf has not been aerated properly or sub-surface bacteria is taken place.
100031 Compaction is a physical process that slowly reduces the amount of oxygen contained in the soil and nutrient movement to the roots, which are critical parts of a healthy grass plant. Roots of the plant need oxygen, and as a product of their growth process, give off carbon dioxide. As compaction increases, less and less oxygen can enter the soil and less carbon dioxide can escape. The net result is a gradually thinning lawn until, ultimately, the soil can no longer support any turf growth and fungus and bad microbial activity begins.
[0004] Aeration provides several advantages. It opens passageways in the soil, allowing air, water, and nutrient movement. In addition to increasing soil permeability, aeration reduces soil compaction, improves water penetration, inhibits growth of bacteria and fungus and stimulates root development as well as good microbial activity.
Periodic soil aeration relieves the compaction in the soil before the negative effects of compaction overburden the soil to the point that it can no longer support desirable vegetation.
[0005] Consequently, aeration helps prevent a number of problems, including compaction, bacteria and fungus growth, excessive watering and chemical treatment. In areas where sod of one soil type is placed on soil of another type (for example, peat sod on heavy clay), shallow roots often develop. Aeration will help alleviate this problem.
During drought conditions, aeration helps water reach thirsty roots. When rain is heavy, aeration allows air to penetrate and help dry up excess moisture. Each is a stress condition that would otherwise compromise the integrity of the turf.
[0006] To relieve compaction, various soil aerators have been devised. In general, soil aerators penetrate the ground with coring tubes that remove "plugs" of soil.
Many such aerators have a rotating drum that rides on the ground with coring tubes projecting in an outward radial direction. Unfortunately, aeration with such conventional coring tube aeration systems is often inefficient and counterproductive. As the drum rotates, tubes are forced into the ground. Because of the rotating configuration, the tubes are designed for shallow penetration and tend to tear the turf during rotational movement through the soil. Such conventional coring tube aeration systems typically do not penetrate deeply enough to relieve compaction around buried roots. Additionally, conventional aerators can actually worsen the condition of the damage to the soil by tearing through the turf and substantially compacting the underlying soil during the downward rotation of the tubes, thereby making the soil more impermeable to air and moisture.
Additionally, any time cores are removed, a top dressing of special baked sand is required to fill the holes.
This extra step is tedious and costly.
[0007] Alternatives to the rotating drum design include aerators with complex mechanical reciprocating actuator assemblies. Unfortunately, however, such assemblies are complex, unreliable and difficult to maintain. Additionally, they tend to provide little or no independent control for individual probes. Furthermore, such probes achieve shallow depths, typically no greater than 4-5 inches, with no fracturing effect of the soil below this depth. Thus, deeper roots that can benefit substantially from aeration are untreated.
[0008] Most commercial-duty aerators are towable. These devices typically have two wheels (e.g., a right and a left wheel) and a hitch device to attach the soil aerator frame to a tractor. While this construction provides a versatile device, a tractor is required to operate it. For professional aeration service providers, transporting a separate tractor and hitching the tractor to the aerator can be cumbersome and unnecessarily time consuming.
[0009] What is needed is a drivable or self-propelled powered aerator with multiple controllable probes configured for deep penetration, fracturing of the soil and injection of compressed air and maintenance fluids without unnecessarily tearing the turf.
The powered drive and aerator actuating mechanisms should be reliable and easy to maintain.
The invention is directed to overcoming one or more of the problems and solving several of the needs as set forth above.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0010] To solve one or more of the problems set forth above, in an exemplary implementation of the invention, a hydrostatic driven aerator, known as a self-propelled axle, with a single controllable row of 3 probes configured for deep penetration and injection of compressed air and maintenance fluids. The hydrostatic self-propelled system moves the vehicle and the pneumatic cylinders will raise and lower the probes.
The probes penetrate to a depth of approximately 9 to 12 inches. In use, a high pressure blast of air is emitted through smaller apertures in or near the probe tips, loosening surrounding compacted soil from the subsurface to the surface. Liquid substances may be injected into the loosened soil through the apertures.
[0011] The probes are arranged in a single row assembly, with each probe having at least one air cylinder. Each probe has a twelve inch plastic pressure pad of which the probe passes through the center. These pads have pressured applied to them from the base bar so as to prevent any "heaving" of the turf after injection. The single row assembly configuration of the exemplary embodiment reduces cost and improves reliability. The row assembly, attached to the base bar has a plurality of probes, covering a relatively wide swath of terrain in one cycle four to five feet. This scope of coverage reduces the time required to treat an area as compared to a device that pokes a single hole in the turf. Furthermore, the probes are evenly spaced in the rows to ensure uniform coverage. For large areas, the savings in time can be substantial.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0010] To solve one or more of the problems set forth above, in an exemplary implementation of the invention, a hydrostatic driven aerator, known as a self-propelled axle, with a single controllable row of 3 probes configured for deep penetration and injection of compressed air and maintenance fluids. The hydrostatic self-propelled system moves the vehicle and the pneumatic cylinders will raise and lower the probes.
The probes penetrate to a depth of approximately 9 to 12 inches. In use, a high pressure blast of air is emitted through smaller apertures in or near the probe tips, loosening surrounding compacted soil from the subsurface to the surface. Liquid substances may be injected into the loosened soil through the apertures.
[0011] The probes are arranged in a single row assembly, with each probe having at least one air cylinder. Each probe has a twelve inch plastic pressure pad of which the probe passes through the center. These pads have pressured applied to them from the base bar so as to prevent any "heaving" of the turf after injection. The single row assembly configuration of the exemplary embodiment reduces cost and improves reliability. The row assembly, attached to the base bar has a plurality of probes, covering a relatively wide swath of terrain in one cycle four to five feet. This scope of coverage reduces the time required to treat an area as compared to a device that pokes a single hole in the turf. Furthermore, the probes are evenly spaced in the rows to ensure uniform coverage. For large areas, the savings in time can be substantial.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0012] The foregoing and other aspects, objects, features and advantages of the invention will become better understood with reference to the following description, appended claims, and accompanying drawings, where:
[0013] Figure 1 shows a side perspective wireframe view of a block schematic for the frame of the aerator according to principles of the invention; and [0014] Figure 2 shows a side perspective rendered view of a block schematic for an exemplary aerator according to principles of the invention; and [0015] Figure 3 shows a front level block diagram of drive, probe actuation, air injection or fluid injection subsystems for an exemplary aerator according to principles of the invention; and [0016] Figure 4 shows a top view of an exemplary aeration process according to principles of the invention; and [0017] Figure 5 shows an exemplary probe for an exemplary aerator according to principles of the invention.
[0018] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the figures are not intended to be drawn to any particular scale; nor are the figures intended to illustrate every embodiment or component of an aerator according to principles of the invention. The invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments depicted in the figures or the selection, arrangement or coordination of components and steps as shown in the figures.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
100191 Referring to the Figures, in which like parts are indicated with the same reference numerals, various views of an exemplary aerator according to principles of the invention are provided in Figures 1 thru 5. The exemplary aerator is a gasoline powered 300, drivable and self-propelled 310 machine (also referred to herein as a vehicle) which includes a single of row of multiple probes 330 configured for deep vertical penetration and injection of highly compressed air and maintenance fluids without unnecessarily tearing the turf. Gas is stored in a UL rated tank 700. The vehicle is equipped with an air compressor 345 that supplies air to a 15 gallon tank 315. From here the air is delivered by high pressure lines to three separate cylinders 140, 145,150 that then drives the probes 330 into the turf injecting air through the probe 330 into the ground without tearing up the turf. At a medial portion thereof is a square bar 125, which the pneumatic canisters 140, 145 150 are attached. This bar 125, is moved up and down by another pneumatic canister 160 in order to lower the pressure pads 110 and the 3 aerator probes 330 to the surface. A frame 120 or body is provided with front wheels 185, 190, and a rear wheel 195 and corresponding suspension systems. The invention is not limited to any particular number or arrangement of wheels or suspension systems.
100201 A control console 115 is provided with a plurality of user controls for propelling and steering the vehicle; raising and lowering the row 125 of aerator probes 330 that are attached to the cylinders 140, 145, 150 injecting clean compressed air and (optionally) injecting fluids. By way of example and not limitation, the controls may include joysticks, foot pedals, switches, and a programmable logic controller herein after called a PLC 165.
[0021] In an alternative embodiment, the vehicle may feature a self-propelled walk-behind configuration. In such an embodiment, all operator controls may be positioned for convenient accessibility from the behind rear of the vehicle. Such a configuration may accommodate shorter length vehicle and smaller engine, as the vehicle will not have to carry a rider.
[0022] In yet another alternative embodiment, the vehicle may be convertible between a ride-on and walk-behind configuration. In such an embodiment, duplicate controls may be provided for accessibility while riding and while walking behind.
Alternatively, all operator controls may be re-positioned for convenient accessibility from the behind rear of the vehicle or from a console on the vehicle. In the case of mechanical steering, an extension may be fitted to the steering mechanism to make it reachable from behind the vehicle.
[0023] The exemplary vehicle includes a self-propelled drive system 310 configured to produce power from an engine 300. The engine 300 may be any kind of motor, such as an internal combustion engine, suitable for driving a self-propelled axle as 310 as well as running the air compressor 345. Although a gasoline engine is mentioned herein, the invention is not limited to a gasoline powered engine. Engines powered by other fuels and electric motors may be used in addition to or in lieu of a gasoline engine. In a preferred embodiment, the air compressor 345 produces air that is kept in the air tank 315. Air is delivered by way of the valves and regulators 325, 350 to the pneumatic cylinders140, 145, 150 for the operation of the delivery of air into the sub surface terrain.
At the same time delivering air to cylinder 160 in order to lower the base bar 125 with the pressure pads 110 to the surface for injection.
[0024] The pneumatic air system may be configured as an open loop air system in which all the air returns to a common reservoir or tank 315 with a capacity several times the maximum CFM flow capacity of the system. Alternatively, the system may be configured as a closed loop system with a smaller reservoir or tank.
[0025] Preferably, the self-propelled axle 310 is bidirectional (i.e., reversible) In an embodiment where one self-propelled axle is provided for both the left side wheel assembly185 and a right side wheel assembly190, then each wheel assembly may be powered in a positive traction mode. Thus, the left wheel assembly 185 and the right wheel assembly 190 drives simultaneously either forward or backward.
100261 The vehicle includes a steering subsystem comprising a collection of components which allow the vehicle to follow a course detennined by its driver. Any steering subsystem that is now known or hereafter developed and suitable for the vehicle may be utilized. Illustratively, a rack and pinion steering mechanism, recirculating ball steering mechanism, worm and sector steering mechanism, hydrostatic cylinder steering mechanism, articulated steering mechanism or differential speed steering mechanism may be utilized to control the course of the vehicle. The invention is not limited to any particular type of steering mechanism. As now the steering mechanism 340 is attached to the rear tire by way of a rack and pinion mechanism 400.
100271 By way of example and not limitation, the steering subsystem may include a mechanical cable assembly 335 operably configured to independently control the speed of the self-propelled axle 310, operably coupled to the right and left wheel assemblies 185, 190. In operation, the self-propelled axle 310, may have a central neutral position for the left and right wheels 185, 190. Movement of the mechanical cable lever 335, attached to the steering device, when pushed or pulled backward from the central neutral position increases the speed of the self-propelled axle 310 that drives wheels 185, 190.
An increased movement forward or backward of the steering increases the speed of the self-propelled axle 310 causing the vehicle to move fast or slow.
[0028] Referring now to Figure 5, a distal end 505 of an exemplary probe 330 is conceptually illustrated. The probe is generally comprised of an elongated tubular body 330 with a conical tip 505. The conical end 505 facilitates piercing the turf and penetration of the soil. The elongated tube 330 includes four apertures 510.
Apertures may be positioned along the tubular body adjacent to the conical tip 505, in addition to or in lieu of the apertures 510 in the conical tip 505. In use, pressurized air (e.g., air and/or liquids) pass through the tubular body 330, through the apertures 510, into surrounding soil. These apertures are approximately 1/8 inch wide and 1 inch long.
100291 In an exemplary embodiment, the probes 330 are arranged in row assemblies, with each probe having at least one pressure pad and spring 110. Therefore there are three probes 330, on a moveable base bar 125. In a particular preferred embodiment, the row includes 3 evenly spaced probes 330. Thus, the row assembly configuration of the exemplary embodiment reduces cost and improves reliability. Thus the row assembly, which has a plurality of probes, covers a relatively wide swath of terrain 4 to 5 feet in one cycle of air injection (a complete cycle is 8 seconds). This scope of coverage reduces the time required to treat an area as compared to a device that featuring a single probe in a row. For large areas, the savings in time can be substantial.
[0030] The probes 330, are attached to separate pneumatic cylinders 140, 145, 150 that are then attached to the base bar 125. Extension and retraction of the base bar 125 actuated by the pneumatic cylinder 160 causes the base to move linearly away from or towards the ground or the surface area. The proximal ends of the pneumatic cylinders 140, 145, 150 assemblies are mounted to the corresponding bases 440 attached to the base bar 125. The free ends of the aerator probes 330 pass through corresponding cylinders and the base bar 125. Thus, extension and retraction of the cylinder 160 causes the base bar 125, to move linearly away from or towards the surface.
Corresponding cylinders 140, 145, 150 drives the aerator probes 330 downwardly towards the ground for aeration and upwardly away from the ground for withdrawal.
[0031] As discussed above, a plurality of cylinders 140, 145, 150, are used to transmit a linear force through a linear stroke to the row assembly and corresponding probes 330.
Double acting hydraulic cylinders are preferred. Routing pressurized air into the rod end of a double-acting cylinder causes the piston rod to retract. Conversely, routing pressurized air into the cap end causes the rod to extend, while clean air on the opposite side of the piston flows back into atmosphere. In such an embodiment, the control console includes control valves, a programmable PLC; air regulator adjustments with gauges 325,350 are configured to controllably direct the flow of pressurized air to an extension or retraction port of the pneumatic cylinders 140, 145, 150 and 160.
100321 Base bar 125 may be independently controlled. Indeed, the probes, 330 may also be independently controlled. By way of example and not limitation, the may include a manual position to independently control the row of probes 330, and the pneumatic cylinders 140, 145, 150 and 160. An air compressor 345, provides a pressurized flow of air to the corresponding control valve assembly 325, and 350 for regulated air by cfrn and psi. The control valve assembly 325, 350 may be infinitely variable to provide precise adjustment of the flow of air. By way of example and not limitation, the control valve assembly 325, 350, may be comprised of one or more valves.
In operation, the control valve assembly 325, 350, may have a central neutral position in which air is not directed to the corresponding probes 330. Movement of the control valve assembly from the central neutral position directs the flow of air to an extension or retraction port of the corresponding cylinders 140, 145, 150 and 160 for the base bar 125.
A supply of pressurized air to the extension port of the cylinders 140, 145, 150 causes the probes 330 to extend. A supply of pressurized air to the retraction port of the cylinders 140, 145, 150 causes the probes 330 to retract. Air supplied to cylinder 160 allows for the base bar 125 with the pressure pads and springs 110 to extend and retract.
[0033] In alternative embodiments, cylinders other than double action cylinders may be used to transmit a linear force to the probes 330. For example, single-acting cylinders which accept pressurized air on only one side of the piston may be utilized to extend or retract the cylinder. In such case, force generated by a spring may return the piston rod to its original extended or retracted state when the pressure is relieved. When air is allowed to flow out of the cap end, the return spring exerts force on the piston rod to retract or extend it. Other types of cylinders, though not preferred, include single action pneumatic cylinders and linear screw-type actuators which may be driven by an electric, hydraulic gear or pneumatic motor.
[0034] In a preferred embodiment, to achieve a depth for effective aeration, the extended length of the cylinders 140, 145, 150 should be sufficient to drive the tips of the probes 505 into the ground approximately 9 to 12 inches. Roots frequently extend 6 inches or more below the surface. Shallow penetration fails to reduce compaction near the bottom of the roots, which may lead to any one of a number of problems as described above. Deep penetration and aeration helps ensure that the entire root system benefits.
[0035] The vehicle includes an air compressor system 345 configured to deliver compressed air to the probes 330 when the probes are in the ground. The compressed air is released through discharge openings 510 in the probes. The compressor system may include an air compressor 345 operably coupled to the engine 300. Rotation of the engine causes the compressor 345 to pump pressurized air into a storage tank 315. A
clutch, such as an electromechanical clutch, may be disposed between the compressor 345 and the engine 300 to controllably activate the compressor when the storage tank 315 pressure is below a determined threshold minimum value and to deactivate the compressor when the storage tank pressure equals or exceeds a determined threshold maximum value. A pressure sensor operably coupled to the tank 315 and clutch may activate or deactivate the compressor 345 when the storage tank 315 pressure drops below a determined threshold minimum value or reaches or exceeds a determined threshold maximum value.
[0036] The air compressor subsystem is configured to controllably deliver compressed air to the probes 330 when the probes are in the ground. The base bar 125 is also extended and retracted with air cylinder 160 and may be independently controlled by the PLC 165. The compressor system may include a control valve assembly 325 and operably configured to independently control the supply of air to the row of probes 330.
The control valve assembly 325 and 350 may be located in or on the control console 115.
An activated compressor 345 provides a pressurized flow of air to the storage tank 315.
The control valve assembly 325 and 350 may be variable to provide precise adjustment of the flow of compressed air to one or more of the probes 330. By way of example and not limitation, the control valve assembly 325 and 350 may be comprised of one or more valves. In operation, the control valve assembly 325 and 350 may have a closed position in which compressed air is not directed to the corresponding probes 330.
Movement of the control valve assembly 325 and 350 from the closed position allows compressed air to flow from the tank to the corresponding probes 330. The compressed air travels from the tank 315 through the regulators 325,350 to the probes 330 and is released through discharge openings 510 in the probes.
[0037] In a preferred embodiment, to maximize the effectiveness of aeration, a large volume of compressed air is rapidly discharged from a smaller probe 330 to loosen surrounding soil. The volume, pressure and duration may be adjusted for specific soil conditions, with greater volume, pressure and duration required for compacted clay-like terrain, and less volume, pressure and duration required for loose sandy terrain. By way of example and not limitation, pressures between 10 and 220 psi, for duration of 3 to 10 seconds, through port openings 510 which measures 1/8 inch wide and 1 inch long. The elongated probes 330 have approximately a 3/8 inch diameter and are adequate for effective aeration in most soil conditions. Preferably, the radius of the volume of terrain aerated by the blast of compressed air is at least equal to approximately depth of the tip of the probe below the surface of the terrain, and more preferably to about 4 to 5 feet from the probes 330. Probes may be located about twice this radius from one another without compromising soil aeration.
[0038] Optionally, the vehicle may include a liquid supply subsystem. Liquid fertilizer and other liquid nutrients, therapeutic materials and insecticides may be stored in a separate tank. Controlled delivery to the probes 330 for discharge into the ground proceeds through the openings in the probes. A liquid supply tank would store the liquid.
The tank would be connected to a pumping mechanism such as a pneumatic diaphragm pump or compressed air supply with a valve for controlling the supply of liquid to the various probes 330. The pump may be driven by the engine 300, or by available pressurized or compressed air or some other source of power.
[0039] Referring now to the steps explaining the exemplary aeration process according to principles of the invention is shown. The process entails positioning the vehicle over a surface to be treated. The vehicle is driven by the self-propelled axle 310 into position.
The base bar 125 with the attached pressure pads and springs 110 are lowered by a pneumatic cylinder 160. Next the probes 330 are urged downwardly into the ground approximately 9 to 12 inches below the surface of the ground. This is accomplished by the increase pressure in the air cylinders 140, 145 and 150. While the probes are in the ground, highly pressurized air is injected through the probes by attached air lines expelling through the apertures 510, into the subterranean media, fracturing compacted media, increasing porosity and supplying air to roots. Optionally, a liquid (e.g., fertilizer, insecticide or other liquid treatment) may also be injected through the probes while they are in the ground. Subsequently, the probes 330 are removed and the base bar 125 is retracted by air cylinder 160 and the procedure begins again after moving 3 to 4 feet forward or in reverse. The holes left behind, three of a 3/8 inch diameter, are usually covered and healed within two to three days. This process being done on a golf course, there is no down time to play for the greens are immediately playable.
[0040] While an exemplary embodiment of the invention has been described, it should be apparent that modifications and variations thereto are possible, all of which fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention. With respect to the above description then, it is to be realized that the optimum relationships for the components and steps of the invention, including variations in order, form, content, function and manner of operation, are deemed readily apparent and obvious to one skilled in the art, and all equivalent relationships to those illustrated in the drawings and described in the specification are intended to be encompassed by the present invention. The above description and drawings are illustrative of modifications that can be made without departing from the present invention, the scope of which is to be limited only by the following claims. The size of the said machine is 5 feet wide and 6 feet 4 inches long. Therefore, the foregoing is considered as illustrative only of the principles of the invention.
Further, since numerous modifications and changes will readily occur to those skilled in the art, it is not desired to limit the invention to the exact construction and operation shown and described, and accordingly, all suitable modifications and equivalents are intended to fall within the scope of the invention as claimed.
[0012] The foregoing and other aspects, objects, features and advantages of the invention will become better understood with reference to the following description, appended claims, and accompanying drawings, where:
[0013] Figure 1 shows a side perspective wireframe view of a block schematic for the frame of the aerator according to principles of the invention; and [0014] Figure 2 shows a side perspective rendered view of a block schematic for an exemplary aerator according to principles of the invention; and [0015] Figure 3 shows a front level block diagram of drive, probe actuation, air injection or fluid injection subsystems for an exemplary aerator according to principles of the invention; and [0016] Figure 4 shows a top view of an exemplary aeration process according to principles of the invention; and [0017] Figure 5 shows an exemplary probe for an exemplary aerator according to principles of the invention.
[0018] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the figures are not intended to be drawn to any particular scale; nor are the figures intended to illustrate every embodiment or component of an aerator according to principles of the invention. The invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments depicted in the figures or the selection, arrangement or coordination of components and steps as shown in the figures.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
100191 Referring to the Figures, in which like parts are indicated with the same reference numerals, various views of an exemplary aerator according to principles of the invention are provided in Figures 1 thru 5. The exemplary aerator is a gasoline powered 300, drivable and self-propelled 310 machine (also referred to herein as a vehicle) which includes a single of row of multiple probes 330 configured for deep vertical penetration and injection of highly compressed air and maintenance fluids without unnecessarily tearing the turf. Gas is stored in a UL rated tank 700. The vehicle is equipped with an air compressor 345 that supplies air to a 15 gallon tank 315. From here the air is delivered by high pressure lines to three separate cylinders 140, 145,150 that then drives the probes 330 into the turf injecting air through the probe 330 into the ground without tearing up the turf. At a medial portion thereof is a square bar 125, which the pneumatic canisters 140, 145 150 are attached. This bar 125, is moved up and down by another pneumatic canister 160 in order to lower the pressure pads 110 and the 3 aerator probes 330 to the surface. A frame 120 or body is provided with front wheels 185, 190, and a rear wheel 195 and corresponding suspension systems. The invention is not limited to any particular number or arrangement of wheels or suspension systems.
100201 A control console 115 is provided with a plurality of user controls for propelling and steering the vehicle; raising and lowering the row 125 of aerator probes 330 that are attached to the cylinders 140, 145, 150 injecting clean compressed air and (optionally) injecting fluids. By way of example and not limitation, the controls may include joysticks, foot pedals, switches, and a programmable logic controller herein after called a PLC 165.
[0021] In an alternative embodiment, the vehicle may feature a self-propelled walk-behind configuration. In such an embodiment, all operator controls may be positioned for convenient accessibility from the behind rear of the vehicle. Such a configuration may accommodate shorter length vehicle and smaller engine, as the vehicle will not have to carry a rider.
[0022] In yet another alternative embodiment, the vehicle may be convertible between a ride-on and walk-behind configuration. In such an embodiment, duplicate controls may be provided for accessibility while riding and while walking behind.
Alternatively, all operator controls may be re-positioned for convenient accessibility from the behind rear of the vehicle or from a console on the vehicle. In the case of mechanical steering, an extension may be fitted to the steering mechanism to make it reachable from behind the vehicle.
[0023] The exemplary vehicle includes a self-propelled drive system 310 configured to produce power from an engine 300. The engine 300 may be any kind of motor, such as an internal combustion engine, suitable for driving a self-propelled axle as 310 as well as running the air compressor 345. Although a gasoline engine is mentioned herein, the invention is not limited to a gasoline powered engine. Engines powered by other fuels and electric motors may be used in addition to or in lieu of a gasoline engine. In a preferred embodiment, the air compressor 345 produces air that is kept in the air tank 315. Air is delivered by way of the valves and regulators 325, 350 to the pneumatic cylinders140, 145, 150 for the operation of the delivery of air into the sub surface terrain.
At the same time delivering air to cylinder 160 in order to lower the base bar 125 with the pressure pads 110 to the surface for injection.
[0024] The pneumatic air system may be configured as an open loop air system in which all the air returns to a common reservoir or tank 315 with a capacity several times the maximum CFM flow capacity of the system. Alternatively, the system may be configured as a closed loop system with a smaller reservoir or tank.
[0025] Preferably, the self-propelled axle 310 is bidirectional (i.e., reversible) In an embodiment where one self-propelled axle is provided for both the left side wheel assembly185 and a right side wheel assembly190, then each wheel assembly may be powered in a positive traction mode. Thus, the left wheel assembly 185 and the right wheel assembly 190 drives simultaneously either forward or backward.
100261 The vehicle includes a steering subsystem comprising a collection of components which allow the vehicle to follow a course detennined by its driver. Any steering subsystem that is now known or hereafter developed and suitable for the vehicle may be utilized. Illustratively, a rack and pinion steering mechanism, recirculating ball steering mechanism, worm and sector steering mechanism, hydrostatic cylinder steering mechanism, articulated steering mechanism or differential speed steering mechanism may be utilized to control the course of the vehicle. The invention is not limited to any particular type of steering mechanism. As now the steering mechanism 340 is attached to the rear tire by way of a rack and pinion mechanism 400.
100271 By way of example and not limitation, the steering subsystem may include a mechanical cable assembly 335 operably configured to independently control the speed of the self-propelled axle 310, operably coupled to the right and left wheel assemblies 185, 190. In operation, the self-propelled axle 310, may have a central neutral position for the left and right wheels 185, 190. Movement of the mechanical cable lever 335, attached to the steering device, when pushed or pulled backward from the central neutral position increases the speed of the self-propelled axle 310 that drives wheels 185, 190.
An increased movement forward or backward of the steering increases the speed of the self-propelled axle 310 causing the vehicle to move fast or slow.
[0028] Referring now to Figure 5, a distal end 505 of an exemplary probe 330 is conceptually illustrated. The probe is generally comprised of an elongated tubular body 330 with a conical tip 505. The conical end 505 facilitates piercing the turf and penetration of the soil. The elongated tube 330 includes four apertures 510.
Apertures may be positioned along the tubular body adjacent to the conical tip 505, in addition to or in lieu of the apertures 510 in the conical tip 505. In use, pressurized air (e.g., air and/or liquids) pass through the tubular body 330, through the apertures 510, into surrounding soil. These apertures are approximately 1/8 inch wide and 1 inch long.
100291 In an exemplary embodiment, the probes 330 are arranged in row assemblies, with each probe having at least one pressure pad and spring 110. Therefore there are three probes 330, on a moveable base bar 125. In a particular preferred embodiment, the row includes 3 evenly spaced probes 330. Thus, the row assembly configuration of the exemplary embodiment reduces cost and improves reliability. Thus the row assembly, which has a plurality of probes, covers a relatively wide swath of terrain 4 to 5 feet in one cycle of air injection (a complete cycle is 8 seconds). This scope of coverage reduces the time required to treat an area as compared to a device that featuring a single probe in a row. For large areas, the savings in time can be substantial.
[0030] The probes 330, are attached to separate pneumatic cylinders 140, 145, 150 that are then attached to the base bar 125. Extension and retraction of the base bar 125 actuated by the pneumatic cylinder 160 causes the base to move linearly away from or towards the ground or the surface area. The proximal ends of the pneumatic cylinders 140, 145, 150 assemblies are mounted to the corresponding bases 440 attached to the base bar 125. The free ends of the aerator probes 330 pass through corresponding cylinders and the base bar 125. Thus, extension and retraction of the cylinder 160 causes the base bar 125, to move linearly away from or towards the surface.
Corresponding cylinders 140, 145, 150 drives the aerator probes 330 downwardly towards the ground for aeration and upwardly away from the ground for withdrawal.
[0031] As discussed above, a plurality of cylinders 140, 145, 150, are used to transmit a linear force through a linear stroke to the row assembly and corresponding probes 330.
Double acting hydraulic cylinders are preferred. Routing pressurized air into the rod end of a double-acting cylinder causes the piston rod to retract. Conversely, routing pressurized air into the cap end causes the rod to extend, while clean air on the opposite side of the piston flows back into atmosphere. In such an embodiment, the control console includes control valves, a programmable PLC; air regulator adjustments with gauges 325,350 are configured to controllably direct the flow of pressurized air to an extension or retraction port of the pneumatic cylinders 140, 145, 150 and 160.
100321 Base bar 125 may be independently controlled. Indeed, the probes, 330 may also be independently controlled. By way of example and not limitation, the may include a manual position to independently control the row of probes 330, and the pneumatic cylinders 140, 145, 150 and 160. An air compressor 345, provides a pressurized flow of air to the corresponding control valve assembly 325, and 350 for regulated air by cfrn and psi. The control valve assembly 325, 350 may be infinitely variable to provide precise adjustment of the flow of air. By way of example and not limitation, the control valve assembly 325, 350, may be comprised of one or more valves.
In operation, the control valve assembly 325, 350, may have a central neutral position in which air is not directed to the corresponding probes 330. Movement of the control valve assembly from the central neutral position directs the flow of air to an extension or retraction port of the corresponding cylinders 140, 145, 150 and 160 for the base bar 125.
A supply of pressurized air to the extension port of the cylinders 140, 145, 150 causes the probes 330 to extend. A supply of pressurized air to the retraction port of the cylinders 140, 145, 150 causes the probes 330 to retract. Air supplied to cylinder 160 allows for the base bar 125 with the pressure pads and springs 110 to extend and retract.
[0033] In alternative embodiments, cylinders other than double action cylinders may be used to transmit a linear force to the probes 330. For example, single-acting cylinders which accept pressurized air on only one side of the piston may be utilized to extend or retract the cylinder. In such case, force generated by a spring may return the piston rod to its original extended or retracted state when the pressure is relieved. When air is allowed to flow out of the cap end, the return spring exerts force on the piston rod to retract or extend it. Other types of cylinders, though not preferred, include single action pneumatic cylinders and linear screw-type actuators which may be driven by an electric, hydraulic gear or pneumatic motor.
[0034] In a preferred embodiment, to achieve a depth for effective aeration, the extended length of the cylinders 140, 145, 150 should be sufficient to drive the tips of the probes 505 into the ground approximately 9 to 12 inches. Roots frequently extend 6 inches or more below the surface. Shallow penetration fails to reduce compaction near the bottom of the roots, which may lead to any one of a number of problems as described above. Deep penetration and aeration helps ensure that the entire root system benefits.
[0035] The vehicle includes an air compressor system 345 configured to deliver compressed air to the probes 330 when the probes are in the ground. The compressed air is released through discharge openings 510 in the probes. The compressor system may include an air compressor 345 operably coupled to the engine 300. Rotation of the engine causes the compressor 345 to pump pressurized air into a storage tank 315. A
clutch, such as an electromechanical clutch, may be disposed between the compressor 345 and the engine 300 to controllably activate the compressor when the storage tank 315 pressure is below a determined threshold minimum value and to deactivate the compressor when the storage tank pressure equals or exceeds a determined threshold maximum value. A pressure sensor operably coupled to the tank 315 and clutch may activate or deactivate the compressor 345 when the storage tank 315 pressure drops below a determined threshold minimum value or reaches or exceeds a determined threshold maximum value.
[0036] The air compressor subsystem is configured to controllably deliver compressed air to the probes 330 when the probes are in the ground. The base bar 125 is also extended and retracted with air cylinder 160 and may be independently controlled by the PLC 165. The compressor system may include a control valve assembly 325 and operably configured to independently control the supply of air to the row of probes 330.
The control valve assembly 325 and 350 may be located in or on the control console 115.
An activated compressor 345 provides a pressurized flow of air to the storage tank 315.
The control valve assembly 325 and 350 may be variable to provide precise adjustment of the flow of compressed air to one or more of the probes 330. By way of example and not limitation, the control valve assembly 325 and 350 may be comprised of one or more valves. In operation, the control valve assembly 325 and 350 may have a closed position in which compressed air is not directed to the corresponding probes 330.
Movement of the control valve assembly 325 and 350 from the closed position allows compressed air to flow from the tank to the corresponding probes 330. The compressed air travels from the tank 315 through the regulators 325,350 to the probes 330 and is released through discharge openings 510 in the probes.
[0037] In a preferred embodiment, to maximize the effectiveness of aeration, a large volume of compressed air is rapidly discharged from a smaller probe 330 to loosen surrounding soil. The volume, pressure and duration may be adjusted for specific soil conditions, with greater volume, pressure and duration required for compacted clay-like terrain, and less volume, pressure and duration required for loose sandy terrain. By way of example and not limitation, pressures between 10 and 220 psi, for duration of 3 to 10 seconds, through port openings 510 which measures 1/8 inch wide and 1 inch long. The elongated probes 330 have approximately a 3/8 inch diameter and are adequate for effective aeration in most soil conditions. Preferably, the radius of the volume of terrain aerated by the blast of compressed air is at least equal to approximately depth of the tip of the probe below the surface of the terrain, and more preferably to about 4 to 5 feet from the probes 330. Probes may be located about twice this radius from one another without compromising soil aeration.
[0038] Optionally, the vehicle may include a liquid supply subsystem. Liquid fertilizer and other liquid nutrients, therapeutic materials and insecticides may be stored in a separate tank. Controlled delivery to the probes 330 for discharge into the ground proceeds through the openings in the probes. A liquid supply tank would store the liquid.
The tank would be connected to a pumping mechanism such as a pneumatic diaphragm pump or compressed air supply with a valve for controlling the supply of liquid to the various probes 330. The pump may be driven by the engine 300, or by available pressurized or compressed air or some other source of power.
[0039] Referring now to the steps explaining the exemplary aeration process according to principles of the invention is shown. The process entails positioning the vehicle over a surface to be treated. The vehicle is driven by the self-propelled axle 310 into position.
The base bar 125 with the attached pressure pads and springs 110 are lowered by a pneumatic cylinder 160. Next the probes 330 are urged downwardly into the ground approximately 9 to 12 inches below the surface of the ground. This is accomplished by the increase pressure in the air cylinders 140, 145 and 150. While the probes are in the ground, highly pressurized air is injected through the probes by attached air lines expelling through the apertures 510, into the subterranean media, fracturing compacted media, increasing porosity and supplying air to roots. Optionally, a liquid (e.g., fertilizer, insecticide or other liquid treatment) may also be injected through the probes while they are in the ground. Subsequently, the probes 330 are removed and the base bar 125 is retracted by air cylinder 160 and the procedure begins again after moving 3 to 4 feet forward or in reverse. The holes left behind, three of a 3/8 inch diameter, are usually covered and healed within two to three days. This process being done on a golf course, there is no down time to play for the greens are immediately playable.
[0040] While an exemplary embodiment of the invention has been described, it should be apparent that modifications and variations thereto are possible, all of which fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention. With respect to the above description then, it is to be realized that the optimum relationships for the components and steps of the invention, including variations in order, form, content, function and manner of operation, are deemed readily apparent and obvious to one skilled in the art, and all equivalent relationships to those illustrated in the drawings and described in the specification are intended to be encompassed by the present invention. The above description and drawings are illustrative of modifications that can be made without departing from the present invention, the scope of which is to be limited only by the following claims. The size of the said machine is 5 feet wide and 6 feet 4 inches long. Therefore, the foregoing is considered as illustrative only of the principles of the invention.
Further, since numerous modifications and changes will readily occur to those skilled in the art, it is not desired to limit the invention to the exact construction and operation shown and described, and accordingly, all suitable modifications and equivalents are intended to fall within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims
1. A gasoline powered aerator with multiple probes configured for deep penetration and injection of a fluid, said aerator comprising a single row of 3 aerator probes. Each probe including a hollow tube and an aperture for emitting a fluid, at least three pneumatic cylinders operably coupled to the row and configured to linearly move the probes between raised and lowered positions, said probes penetrating terrain to a depth of 9 to 12 inches when lowered; and a possible source of pressurized fluid operably coupled to said probes and configured to supply pressurized fluid to the probes when the probes are in a lowered position; and An engine, an air compressor and a self-propelled axle. Said engine being configured to drive said air compressor, as well as said self-propelled axle.
Said machine is to operate the said process of pneumatic cylinders and the forcing of the probes through the surface by use of air pressure generated by the said air compressor. Stored air in the stated air tank and is then disbursed through the system by use of regulators, valves and a programmable logic controller or PLC. By doing so in such manner, air is delivered to the sub-surface at such pressure as to fracture the soil in order to loosen compaction, initiate better porosity, root growth and better use of water and minerals.
Said machine is to operate the said process of pneumatic cylinders and the forcing of the probes through the surface by use of air pressure generated by the said air compressor. Stored air in the stated air tank and is then disbursed through the system by use of regulators, valves and a programmable logic controller or PLC. By doing so in such manner, air is delivered to the sub-surface at such pressure as to fracture the soil in order to loosen compaction, initiate better porosity, root growth and better use of water and minerals.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2808763A CA2808763A1 (en) | 2013-03-01 | 2013-03-01 | Turf aerator with multiple probes and self propelled drive |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2808763A CA2808763A1 (en) | 2013-03-01 | 2013-03-01 | Turf aerator with multiple probes and self propelled drive |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2808763A1 true CA2808763A1 (en) | 2014-09-01 |
Family
ID=51485252
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2808763A Abandoned CA2808763A1 (en) | 2013-03-01 | 2013-03-01 | Turf aerator with multiple probes and self propelled drive |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2808763A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2017050871A1 (en) * | 2015-09-22 | 2017-03-30 | Novoter Ag | Ground treatment apparatus |
| WO2017148792A1 (en) * | 2016-03-03 | 2017-09-08 | Novokraft Ag | Ground treatment device, ground treatment system, and pipeline with coding device |
| WO2017162363A1 (en) * | 2016-03-21 | 2017-09-28 | Novokraft Ag | Ground treatment apparatus |
-
2013
- 2013-03-01 CA CA2808763A patent/CA2808763A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2017050871A1 (en) * | 2015-09-22 | 2017-03-30 | Novoter Ag | Ground treatment apparatus |
| US10791663B2 (en) | 2015-09-22 | 2020-10-06 | Novokraft Ag | Soil treatment device |
| WO2017148792A1 (en) * | 2016-03-03 | 2017-09-08 | Novokraft Ag | Ground treatment device, ground treatment system, and pipeline with coding device |
| WO2017162363A1 (en) * | 2016-03-21 | 2017-09-28 | Novokraft Ag | Ground treatment apparatus |
| CN108712858A (en) * | 2016-03-21 | 2018-10-26 | 诺瓦克拉夫特有限公司 | Land treatment systems equipment |
| US10798862B2 (en) | 2016-03-21 | 2020-10-13 | Novokraft Ag | Ground treatment apparatus |
| CN108712858B (en) * | 2016-03-21 | 2021-11-30 | 诺瓦克拉夫特有限公司 | Land treatment equipment |
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