CA2847591A1 - Forming inclusions in selected azimuthal orientations from a casing section - Google Patents

Abstract

A method of forming multiple inclusions into a subterranean formation can include initiating the inclusions into the formation, the inclusions extending outwardly in respective multiple azimuthal orientations from a casing section, and flowing fluid into each of the inclusions individually, thereby extending the inclusions into the formation one at a time. A system for initiating inclusions outwardly into a subterranean formation from a wellbore can include a casing section having multiple flow channels therein, each of the flow channels being in communication with a respective one of multiple openings formed between adjacent pairs of circumferentially extendable longitudinally extending portions of the casing section. Another system can include a casing section, and an injection tool which engages the casing section and selectively directs fluid into each of the inclusions individually, whereby the inclusions are extended into the formation one at a time.

Description

FORMING INCLUSIONS IN SELECTED AZIMUTHAL
ORIENTATIONS FROM A CASING SECTION
TECHNICAL FIELD
This disclosure relates generally to equipment utilized and operations performed in conjunction with a subterranean well and, in an example described below, more particularly provides for forming inclusions in selected azimuthal orientations from a casing section.
BACKGROUND
It is beneficial to be able to form inclusions into subterranean formations. For example, such inclusions might be used to expose more formation surface area to a wellbore, increase permeability of the formation near the wellbore, etc.
Therefore, it will be appreciated that improvements are continually needed in the art of forming inclusions into earth formations.

2 SUMMARY
In the disclosure below, systems and methods are provided which bring improvements to the art. One example is described below in which individual ones of multiple inclusions can be selectively extended into a formation.
Another example is described below in which the inclusions can be isolated from each other while fluid is being flowed into one of the inclusions.
In one aspect, a method of forming multiple inclusions into a subterranean formation is provided to the art by the disclosure below. In one example, the method can include initiating the inclusions into the formation, the inclusions extending outwardly in respective multiple azimuthal orientations from a casing section; and flowing fluid into each of the inclusions individually, thereby extending the inclusions into the formation one at a time.
In another aspect, a system for initiating inclusions outwardly into a subterranean formation from a wellbore is described below. In one example, the system can include a casing section having multiple flow channels therein. Each of the flow channels is in communication with a respective one of multiple openings formed between adjacent pairs of circumferentially extendable longitudinally extending portions of the casing section.
In another aspect, a system for forming multiple inclusions into a subterranean formation can include a casing section, and an injection tool which engages the casing section and selectively directs fluid into each of the inclusions individually, whereby the inclusions are extended into the formation one at a time.
These and other features, advantages and benefits will become apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art upon

3 careful consideration of the detailed description of representative examples below and the accompanying drawings, in which similar elements are indicated in the various figures using the same reference numbers.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a representative partially cross-sectional view of a well system and associated method which can embody principles of this disclosure.
FIG. 2 is a representative sectioned perspective view of an expansion tool which may be used in the system and method.
FIG. 3 is a representative perspective view of an injection tool which may be used with in the system and method.
FIG. 4 is an enlarged scale representative sectioned perspective view of an upper portion of the injection tool of FIG. 3.
FIGS. 5 & 6 are representative perspective and cross-sectional views of a casing section which can embody principles of this disclosure, the casing section being in an unexpanded configuration.
FIGS. 7 & 8 are representative perspective and cross-sectional views of the casing section in an expanded configuration.
FIGS. 9A-F are enlarged scale representative sectioned perspective views of the expansion tool.
FIGS. 10A-F are enlarged scale representative sectioned perspective views of another example of the injection tool.

4 FIG. 11 is a representative cross-sectional view of a portion of the FIGS. 10A-F injection tool installed in the FIGS. 5-8 casing section.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Representatively illustrated in FIG. 1 is a system 10 and associated method for extending multiple inclusions 12 (only two of which (inclusions 12a,b) are visible in FIG. 1) outwardly into a subterranean formation 14. The system 10 and method can embody principles of this disclosure, but it should be clearly understood that those principles are not limited in any manner to the details of the system and method described herein and/or depicted in the drawings, since the system and method represent merely one example of how those principles could be applied in actual practice.
In the system 10 as depicted in FIG. 1, a casing section 16 is cemented in a wellbore 18 which penetrates the formation 14. The inclusions 12a,b extend outwardly through longitudinally extending (e.g., extending generally parallel to a longitudinal axis 22 of the casing section 16) openings 20a-d formed through a side wall of the casing section.
Note that, in the FIG. 1 example, each of the inclusions 12a,b is generally planar, and the inclusions viewed in FIG. 1 are in a same plane. However, in other examples, the inclusions may not necessarily be planar, and multiple inclusions may not be in the same plane.
Preferably, the inclusions 12a,b are areas of increased permeability in the formation 14.
The formation 14 may be relatively unconsolidated, such that the formation yields and tears, rather than "fractures"
when the inclusions 12a,b are propagated into the formation.

Thus, the inclusions 12a,b may or may not comprise fractures, depending on the characteristics of the formation 14.
Although only two of the inclusions 12a,b and four of

5 the openings 20a-d are visible in FIG. 1, in this example there are actually six each of the inclusions and openings, with each inclusion being associated with a corresponding one of the openings, equally azimuthally (with respect to the axis 22) spaced apart. However, in other examples, other numbers of openings and inclusions, and other azimuthal spacings between the openings and inclusions, may be used if desired. For example, each of the openings 20a-d could be subdivided into multiple apertures, more than one aperture could be associated with each inclusion, more than one inclusion could be associated with each aperture, etc.
As depicted in FIG. 1, the casing section 16 has been expanded radially outward, thereby initiating the inclusions 12a,b. In this example, the casing section 16 is expanded by increasing its circumference, thereby widening the openings 20a-d (which may or may not exist prior to the casing section being expanded¨such expansion could cause the openings to be formed through the casing section side wall).
This increase in the circumference of the casing section 16 causes cement 24 in an annulus 26 formed radially between the casing section and the wellbore 18 to part at each of the widening openings 20a-d. Thus, the initiation of the inclusions 12a,b preferably begins with the expansion of the casing section 16.
At this point, the inclusions 12a,b also preferably extend somewhat radially outward into the formation 14, due to dilation of the formation about the wellbore 18. Note that compressive stress in the formation 14

6 circumferentially about the wellbore 18 is preferably reduced, and compressive stress in the formation directed radial to the wellbore is increased, due to expansion of the casing section 16, thereby desirably influencing the inclusions 12a,b to propagate in a relatively consistent radial direction relative to the wellbore.
Note that the term "casing" as used herein indicates a protective wellbore lining. Casing can be comprised of tubular materials known to those skilled in the art as tubing, liner or casing. Casing can be segmented or continuous, installed in tubular form or formed in situ.
Casing can be made of steel, other metals or alloys, plastics, composites or other materials. Casing can have conductors, optical waveguides or other types of lines interior to, external to or within a sidewall of the casing.
Casing is not necessarily cemented in a wellbore.
Furthermore, note that the term "cement" as used herein indicates a hardenable material which supports an inner surface of a wellbore and, if the wellbore is cased, seals off an annulus formed radially between the wellbore and the casing, or between casings. Cement is not necessarily cementitious, since other types of materials (e.g., elastomers, epoxies, foamed materials, hardenable gels, etc.) can be used to support a wellbore or seal off an annulus.
Referring additionally now to FIG. 2, an expansion tool 28 which may be used to expand the casing section 16 is representatively illustrated. However, the expansion tool 28 could be used to expand other casing sections, or to accomplish other purposes, in keeping with the scope of this disclosure.

7 In the example depicted in FIG. 2, the expansion tool 28 includes a latch 30 for cooperatively engaging a latch profile 32 (see FIG. 1). The latch profile 32 could be part of the casing section 16, or could be formed in a separate component attached a known distance from the casing section, on either side of the casing section, etc.
When the latch 30 is properly engaged with the latch profile 32, a tubular inflatable packer or bladder 34 is expanded radially outward into contact with the casing section 16. Increasing pressure applied to an interior of the bladder 34 will cause the casing section 16 to be biased radially outward, thereby widening the openings 20a-d and initiating the inclusions 12a,b.
Available pressure to inflate the bladder 34 and expand the casing section 16 can be provided by a pressure intensifier 40 in the expansion tool 28. In this example, the pressure intensifier 40 operates by alternately increasing and decreasing pressure in a tubular string 36 attached to the expansion tool 28 (and extending to a remote location, such as the earth's surface). However, other types of pressure intensifiers (e.g., which could respond to reciprocation or rotation of the tubular string 36, etc.) may be used, if desired.
The bladder 34 is preferably robust and capable of being inflated to about 10,000 psi (-69 MPa) to radially outwardly expand the casing section 16. In the FIG. 2 example, the casing section 16 is expanded at one time (e.g., with the openings 20a-d widening between longitudinal portions 44a-c of the casing section, see FIG. 1) as the bladder 34 is inflated. In other examples, the openings 20a-d could be selectively widened, widened one at a time, etc., and remain within the scope of this disclosure.

8 The expansion tool 28 is described in further detail below in relation to FIGS. 9A-F. Further details of the latch 30 are shown in FIG. 10E.
Referring additionally now to FIG. 3, an injection tool 42 which may be used to selectively and individually propagate the inclusions 12a,b outward into the formation 14 is representatively illustrated. The injection tool 42 can be used in systems and methods other than the system 10 and method of FIG. 1, in keeping with the scope of this disclosure.
In the example of FIG. 3, the injection tool 42 includes multiple longitudinally extending tubular bladders 34a-c. When appropriately positioned in the expanded casing section 16 (e.g., using a latch 30 attached to the injection tool 42 and engaged with the profile 32, etc.), each of the bladders 34a-c is positioned between an adjacent pair of the openings 20a-d. Although the FIG. 3 example utilizes four of the bladders 34a-c (one of the bladders not being visible in FIG. 3), when configured for use in the casing section 16 of FIG. 1 the injection tool 42 could include six of the bladders.
When the bladders 34a-c are inflated (e.g., by applying pressure to the tubular string 36 connected to the injection tool 42, etc.), the openings 20a-d are isolated from each other in the casing section 16. Fluid 46 can then be selectively discharged from each of multiple conduits 48a,b individually, to thereby propagate the inclusions 12a,b individually outward into the formation 14.
This individual control over flow of the fluid 46 into each inclusion 12a,b is beneficial, in part, because it allows an operator to control how each inclusion is formed, how far the inclusion extends into the formation 14, how

9 quickly the fluid is flowed into each inclusion, etc. This, in turn, allows the operator to individually optimize the formation of each of the inclusions 12a,b.
In FIG. 4, a sectioned upper portion of the injection tool 42 is representatively illustrated. In this view, it may be seen that control over which of the conduits 48a,b is selected for flow of the fluid 46 is provided by multiple, successively smaller diameter, seats 50a-d.
Corresponding successively smaller diameter plugs (e.g., balls, darts, etc., not shown) are dropped into a flow passage 52 extending longitudinally through the tool 42. After each plug is dropped, the plug sealingly engages one of the seats 50a-d, and pressure is applied to the passage 52 (e.g., via the tubular string 36) to release a retainer (such as, a shear pin, snap ring, etc.) and allow the seat to displace and expose a port placing the passage above the plug in communication with the corresponding conduit 48a,b (and preventing communication between the passage and any conduit previously in communication with the passage). In this manner, each of the conduits 48a,b (a total of four of them in this example) is selectively and individually placed in communication with the passage 52 for flowing the fluid 46 into the inclusions 12a,b one at a time.
Referring additionally now to FIGS. 5-8, one example of the casing section 16 is representatively illustrated in unexpanded (FIGS. 5 & 6) and expanded (FIGS. 7 & 8) configurations. The casing section 16 of FIGS. 5-8 may be used in the system 10 and method of FIG. 1, or it may be used in other systems and methods, in keeping with the scope of this disclosure.

In FIGS. 5-8, it may be seen that the openings 20a-f each comprises multiple longitudinally overlapping slits. In this example, the slits can be laser cut through a sidewall of an inner tubular shell 54 of the casing section 16. The 5 slits can be temporarily plugged, if desired, to prevent flow through the slits until the casing section 16 is expanded.
In other examples, the openings 20a-f could be otherwise formed, could exist before or only after the

10 casing section 16 is expanded, could be provided in an outer shell 56 of the casing section (e.g., instead of, or in addition to those in the inner shell 54), etc. Thus, any manner of forming the openings 20a-f may be used, in keeping with the scope of this disclosure.
Two bulkheads 58, 60 separate each adjacent pair of longitudinally extending portions 62a-f of the outer shell 56. Longitudinally extending flow channels 64a-f are, thus, defined radially between the respective inner and outer shell portions 44a-f and 62a-f, and circumferentially between the respective bulkheads 58, 60 to either circumferential side of the shell portions 44a-f and 62a-f.
The bulkheads may be sealed to each other (e.g., with sealant, small weld, etc.) to prevent fluid communication between the bulkheads during installation and cementing of the casing section 16, if desired.
Each of the bulkheads 60 has apertures 66 therein, permitting communication between the corresponding one of the channels 64a-f and the corresponding one of the openings 20a-f (at least in the expanded configuration). Thus, each of the channels 64a-f is in communication with a corresponding one of the openings 20a-f, and with a corresponding one of the inclusions 12a,b, at least in the

11 expanded configuration of the casing section 16. In some examples, the channels 64a-f may continually be in communication with the respective openings 20a-f and/or inclusions 12a,b.
Preferably, the casing section 16 includes spacing limiters 68 which limit the widening of each opening 20a-f.
The limiters 68 also preferably prevent subsequent narrowing of the openings 20a-f. However, use of the limiters 68 is not necessary in keeping with the principles of this disclosure.
Note that it is not necessary for the casing section 16 construction of FIGS. 5-8 to be used with the expansion tool 28 and injection tool 42 of FIGS. 2-4. Instead, a single-walled casing section with multiple longitudinal openings 20a-f could be used (as depicted in FIG. 1). Each of the conduits 48a,b can communicate with a corresponding one of the openings 20a-f (each opening being positioned between two of the bladders 34a-c) to selectively inject the fluid directly into the formation 14 (e.g., without use of the channels 64a-f, bulkheads 58, 60, etc.). However, the limiters 68 could still be used with the single-walled casing section 16 to control the extent of widening of the openings 20a-f.
Referring additionally now to FIGS. 9A-F, enlarged scale sectioned views of one example of the expansion tool 28 is representatively illustrated. In this example, the expansion tool 28 includes the pressure intensifier 40, the latch 30 and the inflatable bladder 34 of FIG. 2.
As depicted in FIG. 9A, the pressure intensifier 40 includes a piston 69 having unequal piston diameters 69a, 69b at opposite ends thereof. By applying pressure to the

12 larger piston diameter 69a, increased pressure is generated at the smaller diameter 69b.
Increased pressure can be applied to the piston 69 via the tubular string 36 (see FIG. 2) connected to the expansion tool 28, thereby displacing the piston downward and applying further intensified pressure to the interior of the bladder 34. A biasing device 70 (such as a spring, etc.) returns the piston 69 to its initial position when pressure applied to the piston is decreased.
Fluid 72 can be pumped through check valves 74 via a chamber 76 exposed to the smaller piston diameter 69b. Note that the pressure intensifier 40 will need to be lowered relative to an outer housing assembly 78 after engaging the latch 30 with the profile 32, in order to align ports in the expansion tool 28 for flow of the fluid 72 from the tubular string 36 to the interior of the bladder 34. In FIGS. 9A-F, the expansion tool 28 is depicted in a run-in or retrieval configuration, in which the interior of the bladder 34 is in communication with a flow passage 80 extending longitudinally in the tool and exposed to ambient pressure in the well.
Thus, in operation, the expansion tool 28 is conveyed into the casing section 16 on the tubular string 36, and the latch 30 is engaged with the profile 32, thereby releasably securing the expansion tool in the casing section and positioning the bladder 34 in the longitudinal portions 44a-f, 62a-f of the casing section. The tubular string 36 is at this point lowered relative to the housing assembly 78, thereby lowering the pressure intensifier 40, and aligning the ports in the expansion tool, so that pressure applied to the tubular string is communicated to the interior of the bladder 34, thereby inflating the bladder. Pressure in the

13 tubular string 36 can then be alternately increased and decreased, to thereby further increase the pressure applied to the interior of the bladder 34 via the pressure intensifier 40, and expand the casing section 16.
After expansion of the casing section 16, the tubular string 36 can be raised, thereby exposing the interior of the bladder 34 to the passage 80, and allowing the bladder to deflate. The latch 30 can be disengaged from the profile 32 by applying sufficient upward force to the expansion tool 28 via the tubular string 36, to retrieve the expansion tool.
Referring additionally now to FIGS. 10A-F, an enlarged scale sectioned view of another example of the injection tool 42 is representatively illustrated. The injection tool 42 of FIGS. 10A-F differs in several respects from the injection tool example of FIG. 3, at least in part in that a single bladder 34 is used to isolate the openings 20a-f from each other in the casing section 16, and the tubular string 36 is selectively and individually placed in communication with each of the openings by rotating the tubular string.
Rotating the tubular string 36 longitudinally displaces annular seals 82 which straddle ports 84 (see FIG. 11) longitudinally spaced apart in the portions 62a-f of the inner shell 54 of the casing section 16. Each of the ports 84 is in communication with one of the channels 64a-f. Thus, when the seals 82 straddle one of the ports 84, the tubular string 36 is placed in communication with a corresponding one of the channels 64a-f which, as described above, is in fluid communication with a corresponding one of the openings 20a-f and a corresponding one of the inclusions 12a,b.
Therefore, the tubular string 36 can be placed in communication with a selected one of the inclusions 12a,b

14 for flowing the fluid 46 into the inclusion and propagating the inclusion further into the formation 14. Rotation of the tubular string 36 produces longitudinal displacement of the seals 82, due to threads 86 which unscrew from a mandrel 88 when the tubular string 36 is rotated.
The bladder 34 is inflated by applying pressure to the interior of the tubular string 36, thereby inflating the bladder. The bladder 34 can have a sealing material (such as an elastomer, etc.) on an outer surface thereof, so that the sealing material seals against the interior surface of the casing section 16.
In this manner, after the bladder 34 is inflated, the openings 20a-f are isolated from each other in the casing section 16. Thus, when the tubular string 36 is rotated to place the seals 82 straddling one of the ports 84, the fluid 46 flowed into the corresponding inclusion will not be communicated to any of the other inclusions. As a result, an individual inclusion 12a,b can be propagated into the formation 14, with individual control over how that inclusion is propagated.
In actual practice, the injection tool 42 is lowered into the well on the tubular string 36. The latch 30 is engaged with the profile 32 to secure the injection tool 42 relative to the casing section 16.
Pressure is then applied to the tubular string 36 to inflate the bladder 34 and isolate the openings 20a-f from each other. The tubular string 36 is then rotated to place the seals 82 straddling a first one of the ports 84 corresponding to a first one of the openings 20a-f. Fluid 46 is then pumped from the tubular string 36 to the port 84 between the seals 82, through the respective channel 64a-f, through the respective opening 20a-f, and then into the respective inclusion 12a,b.
When it is desired to flow the fluid 46 into another inclusion, the tubular string 36 is again rotated to place 5 the seals 82 straddling another of the ports 84. In FIG. 11, the seals 82 are depicted straddling a port 84 extending through one of the inner shell portions 62a-f. The port 84 being straddled by the seals 82 is in communication with the channel 64a, which is in communication with a respective one 10 of the openings 20a-f and inclusions 12a,b.
The injection tool 42 examples of FIGS. 3, 4 and 10A-11 beneficially permit reversing out and/or the spotting of treatment fluid down to the conduits 48a,b or ports 84. The injection tool 42 is also preferably configured to allow for

15 fluid flow longitudinally through the tool, so that returns can be flowed from another zone through the tool during treatment.
Thus, fluid from multiple treated inclusions can be flowed through the injection tool 42. In one beneficial arrangement, multiple injection tools 42 can be installed in corresponding multiple casing sections 16, and certain azimuthal positions can be selected in each of the casing sections. For example, one injection tool 42 could be positioned to inject fluid into a certain inclusion, and another injection tool could be positioned to produce fluid from another chosen inclusion, with the two inclusions being in the same or different azimuthal orientations. Fluid could be simultaneously produced from one inclusion while fluid is injected into another inclusion in the same azimuthal orientation.
Although the examples as described above utilize the separate expansion tool 28 and injection tool 42, it will be

16 appreciated that it is not necessary to perform the expansion and injection operations in separate trips into the wellbore 18. Instead, the expansion and injection tools 28, 42 could be incorporated into a same tool string to perform the expansion and injection steps in a single trip into the wellbore 18, the expansion and injection tools could be combined into a single tool assembly, etc.
The injection tool 42 may be used to re-treat the inclusions 12a,b at a later date (e.g., after the inclusions are initially propagated into the formation 14).
The injection tool 42 can be used to treat any combination of inclusions 12 at any azimuthal orientations relative to the casing section 16 simultaneously, or individually, and in any order. For example, inclusions 12 at azimuthal orientations of 0, 120, 240, 60, 180 and 300 degrees (or at another order of azimuthal orientations of 0, 180, 60, 240, 120 and 300 degrees) could be treated. It is not necessary for the azimuthal orientations to be equally spaced apart, or for there to be any particular number of azimuthal orientations.
It may now be fully appreciated that the disclosure above provides several advancements to the art of forming inclusions into a formation. In some examples described above, the inclusions 12a,b can be individually propagated into the formation 14, thereby allowing enhanced control over how the inclusions are formed, etc.
In one aspect, this disclosure describes a method of forming multiple inclusions 12a,b into a subterranean formation 14. In one example, the method can include initiating the inclusions 12a,b into the formation 14, the inclusions 12a,b extending outwardly in respective multiple azimuthal orientations from a casing section 16; and flowing

17 fluid 46 into each of the inclusions 12a,b individually, thereby extending the inclusions 12a,b into the formation 14 one at a time.
The inclusion initiating can include simultaneously initiating multiple inclusions 12a,b.
The inclusion initiating can include circumferentially enlarging the casing section 16. The casing section 16 may be circumferentially enlarged in response to inflating an inflatable bladder 34 within the casing section 16.
Circumferentially enlarging the casing section 16 can include widening openings 20a-f formed through the casing section 16, the openings 20a-f being in communication with the inclusions 12a,b.
Inflating the bladder 34 may include applying pressure to a pressure intensifier 40 in communication with the bladder 34.
Flowing the fluid 46 can include flowing the fluid 46 through channels 64a-f formed longitudinally through the casing section 16. Each channel 64a-f may correspond to a respective one of the inclusions 12a,b and/or to a respective one of multiple longitudinally extending openings 20a-f formed through a side wall of the casing section 16.
The inclusions 12a,b may be initiated in response to widening the openings 20a-f. The channels 64a-f may be disposed radially between inner and outer shells 54, 56 of the casing section 16.
Initiating the inclusions 12a,b can include widening multiple openings 20a-f formed through a side wall of the casing section 16. Flowing the fluid 46 can include isolating the openings 20a-f from each other while fluid 46 is flowed into each inclusion 12a,b.

18 Isolating the openings 20a-f may include inflating a bladder 34 in the casing section 16. Isolating the openings 20a-f can include inflating multiple longitudinally extending bladders 34a-c, each bladder 34a-c being positioned between an adjacent pair of the openings 20a-d.
A system for initiating inclusions outwardly into a subterranean formation from a wellbore is also described above. In one example, the system 10 can include a casing section 16 having multiple flow channels 64a-f therein, each of the flow channels 64a-f being in communication with a respective one of multiple openings 20a-f formed between adjacent pairs of circumferentially extendable longitudinally extending portions 44a-f, 62a-f of the casing section 16.
The casing section 16 can also include inner and outer shells 54, 56, with the flow channels 64a-f being disposed radially between the inner and outer shells 54, 56.
The system 10 may include longitudinally extending bulkheads 58, 60 which straddle each of the openings 20a-f, each channel 64a-f being in communication with the respective one of the openings 20a-f via a respective one of the bulkheads 60.
The system 10 can include an inflatable bladder 34 which expands the casing section 16 in response to the bladder 34 being inflated. The system 10 can include multiple longitudinally extending bladders 34a-c, each of the bladders 34a-c being positioned between an adjacent pair of the openings 20a-d.
The system 10 can include an inflatable bladder 34 which isolates the openings 20a-f from each other in the casing section 16.

19 The system 10 can include an injection tool 42 which provides selective communication with individual ones of the flow channels 64a-f. The injection tool 42 may selectively isolate each of multiple ports 84 formed in the casing section 16, each of the ports 84 being in communication with a respective one of the flow channels 64a-f.
Also described above, in one example, is a system 10 for forming multiple inclusions 12a,b into a subterranean formation 14 from a wellbore 18. The system 10 in this example can include one or more casing sections 16 and one or more injection tools 42 which engage the casing section 16 and selectively direct fluid 46 into each of the inclusions 12a,b individually, whereby the inclusions 12a,b are extended into the formation 14 one at a time.
The casing section 16, when circumferentially extended, can initiate the inclusions 12a,b into the formation 14, whereby the inclusions 12a,b extend outwardly in respective multiple azimuthal orientations from the casing section 16.
The system 10 can include an expansion tool 28 which expands the casing section 16 and thereby simultaneously initiates multiple inclusions 12a,b. In other examples, multiple inclusions 12a,b may not be simultaneously initiated.
The expansion tool 28 may comprise an inflatable bladder 34. The expansion tool 28 may further comprise a pressure intensifier 40 in communication with the bladder 34.
Openings 20a-f in communication with the inclusions 12a,b can be widened in response to expansion of the casing section 16.

The casing section 16 may include channels 64a-f formed longitudinally through the casing section 16. Each channel 64a-f can correspond to a respective one of the inclusions 12a,b. Each channel 64a-f can correspond to a respective one 5 of multiple longitudinally extending openings 20a-f formed through a side wall of the casing section 16. The inclusions 12a,b may be initiated in response to the openings 20a-f being widened.
The channels 64a-f may be disposed radially between 10 inner and outer shells 54, 56 of the casing section 16.
The inclusions 12a,b may be initiated in response to multiple openings 20a-f formed through a side wall of the casing section 16 being widened. The openings 20a-f can be isolated from each other while fluid 46 is flowed into each 15 inclusion 12a,b.
The openings 20a-f can be isolated from each other by a bladder 34 inflated in the casing section 16. The openings 20a-f can be isolated from each other by multiple longitudinally extending bladders 34a-c, each bladder 34a-c

20 being positioned between an adjacent pair of the openings 20a-f.
The at least one casing section 16 may comprise multiple casing sections 16. The at least one injection tool 42 may comprise multiple injection tools 42. A first injection tool 42 can selectively direct fluid into a first inclusion 12, and a second injection tool 42 can selectively produce fluid from a second inclusion 12. The first and second inclusions 12 may be in a same azimuthal orientation.
The first injection tool 42 may direct fluid into the first inclusion 12 concurrently as the second injection tool 42 produces fluid from the second inclusion 12.

21 It is to be understood that the various examples described above may be utilized in various orientations, such as inclined, inverted, horizontal, vertical, etc., and in various configurations, without departing from the principles of this disclosure. The embodiments illustrated in the drawings are depicted and described merely as examples of useful applications of the principles of the disclosure, which are not limited to any specific details of these embodiments.
In the above description of the representative examples, directional terms (such as "above," "below,"
"upper," "lower," etc.) are used for convenience in referring to the accompanying drawings. However, it should be clearly understood that the scope of this disclosure is not limited to any particular directions described herein.
Of course, a person skilled in the art would, upon a careful consideration of the above description of representative embodiments, readily appreciate that many modifications, additions, substitutions, deletions, and other changes may be made to these specific embodiments, and such changes are within the scope of the principles of this disclosure. Accordingly, the foregoing detailed description is to be clearly understood as being given by way of illustration and example only, the spirit and scope of the invention being limited solely by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (39)

1. A method of forming multiple inclusions into a subterranean formation, the method comprising:
initiating the inclusions into the formation, the inclusions extending outwardly in respective multiple azimuthal orientations from a casing section; and flowing fluid into each of the inclusions individually, thereby extending the inclusions into the formation one at a time.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the initiating further comprises simultaneously initiating two or more of the inclusions.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the initiating further comprises circumferentially enlarging the casing section.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the casing section is circumferentially enlarged in response to inflating an inflatable bladder within the casing section.

5. The method of claim 3, wherein circumferentially enlarging the casing section further comprises widening openings formed through the casing section, the openings being in communication with the inclusions.

6. The method of claim 3, wherein inflating the bladder further comprises applying pressure to a pressure intensifier in communication with the bladder.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein flowing fluid further comprises flowing fluid through channels formed longitudinally through the casing section.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein each channel corresponds to a respective one of the inclusions.

9. The method of claim 7, wherein each channel corresponds to a respective one of multiple longitudinally extending openings formed through a side wall of the casing section.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the inclusions are initiated in response to widening the openings.

11. The method of claim 7, wherein the channels are disposed radially between inner and outer shells of the casing section.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein initiating the inclusions further comprises widening multiple openings formed through a side wall of the casing section, and wherein flowing fluid further comprises isolating the openings from each other while fluid is flowed into each inclusion.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein isolating the openings further comprises inflating a bladder in the casing section.

14. The method of claim 12, wherein isolating the openings further comprises inflating multiple longitudinally extending bladders, each bladder being positioned between an adjacent pair of the openings.

15. A system for initiating inclusions outwardly into a subterranean formation from a wellbore, the system comprising:
a casing section having multiple flow channels therein, each of the flow channels being in communication with a respective one of multiple openings formed between adjacent pairs of circumferentially extendable longitudinally extending portions of the casing section.

16. The system of claim 15, wherein the casing section further comprises inner and outer shells, the flow channels being disposed radially between the inner and outer shells.

17. The system of claim 15, further comprising longitudinally extending bulkheads which straddle each of the openings, each channel being in communication with the respective one of the openings via a respective one of the bulkheads.

18. The system of claim 15, further comprising an inflatable bladder which expands the casing section in response to the bladder being inflated.

19. The system of claim 15, further comprising multiple longitudinally extending bladders, each of the bladders being positioned between an adjacent pair of the openings.

20. The system of claim 15, further comprising an inflatable bladder which isolates the openings from each other in the casing section.

21. The system of claim 15, further comprising an injection tool which provides selective communication with individual ones of the flow channels.

22. The system of claim 21, wherein the injection tool selectively isolates each of multiple ports formed in the casing section, each of the ports being in communication with a respective one of the flow channels.

23. A system for forming multiple inclusions into a subterranean formation from a wellbore, the system comprising:
at least one casing section; and at least one injection tool which engages the casing section and selectively directs fluid into each of the inclusions individually, whereby the inclusions are extended into the formation one at a time.

24. The system of claim 23, wherein the casing section, when circumferentially extended, initiates the inclusions into the formation, whereby the inclusions extend outwardly in respective multiple azimuthal orientations from the casing section.

25. The system of claim 23, further comprising an expansion tool which expands the casing section and thereby simultaneously initiates two or more of the inclusions.

26. The system of claim 25, wherein the expansion tool comprises an inflatable bladder.

27. The system of claim 26, wherein the expansion tool further comprises a pressure intensifier in communication with the bladder.

28. The system of claim 23, wherein openings in communication with the inclusions are widened in response to expansion of the casing section.

29. The system of claim 23, wherein the casing section includes channels formed longitudinally through the casing section.

30. The system of claim 29, wherein each channel corresponds to a respective one of the inclusions.

31. The system of claim 29, wherein each channel corresponds to a respective one of multiple longitudinally extending openings formed through a side wall of the casing section.

32. The system of claim 31, wherein the inclusions are initiated in response to the openings being widened.

33. The system of claim 29, wherein the channels are disposed radially between inner and outer shells of the casing section.

34. The system of claim 23, wherein the inclusions are initiated in response to multiple openings formed through a side wall of the casing section being widened, and wherein the openings are isolated from each other while fluid is flowed into each inclusion.

35. The system of claim 34, wherein the openings are isolated from each other by a bladder inflated in the casing section.

36. The system of claim 34, wherein the openings are isolated from each other by multiple longitudinally extending bladders, each bladder being positioned between an adjacent pair of the openings.

37. The system of claim 23, wherein the at least one casing section comprises multiple casing sections, wherein the at least one injection tool comprises multiple injection tools, and wherein a first injection tool selectively directs fluid into a first inclusion and a second injection tool selectively produces fluid from a second inclusion.

38. The system of claim 37, wherein the first and second inclusions are in a same azimuthal orientation.

39. The system of claim 37, wherein the first injection tool directs fluid into the first inclusion concurrently as the second injection tool produces fluid from the second inclusion.