CA2741604A1 - Forming mesh - Google Patents
Forming mesh Download PDFInfo
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- CA2741604A1 CA2741604A1 CA2741604A CA2741604A CA2741604A1 CA 2741604 A1 CA2741604 A1 CA 2741604A1 CA 2741604 A CA2741604 A CA 2741604A CA 2741604 A CA2741604 A CA 2741604A CA 2741604 A1 CA2741604 A1 CA 2741604A1
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- Prior art keywords
- tie
- threads
- thread
- fabric layer
- transverse
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Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F7/00—Other details of machines for making continuous webs of paper
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F1/00—Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
- D21F1/0027—Screen-cloths
- D21F1/0036—Multi-layer screen-cloths
- D21F1/0045—Triple layer fabrics
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D1/00—Woven fabrics designed to make specified articles
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D11/00—Double or multi-ply fabrics not otherwise provided for
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Woven Fabrics (AREA)
Abstract
This invention relates to a paper machine mesh, in particular forming mesh, with an upper and a lower fabric layer and with tie threads to join the two fabric layers, - whereby the lower fabric layer is formed by the tie threads, lower transverse threads and, woven therewith and extending transverse thereto, lower longitudinal threads, - whereby the lower fabric layer has a weaving pattern which is repeated in lower repeats, - whereby the tie threads are arranged in pairs and the tie threads of each pair are interchangingly woven with upper and with lower longitudinal threads, - whereby each tie thread pair is flanked on both sides respectively by one lower transverse thread and each of the two flanking lower transverse threads is woven in periodic sequence with lower longitudinal threads as follows:
i) the flanking lower transverse thread continually crosses several directly consecutive lower longitudinal threads on the outer side of the lower fabric layer, ii) the flanking lower transverse thread continually crosses a lower longitudinal thread between the upper and the lower fabric layer and forms a thread knuckle.
The invention is characterized in that within the lower repeat - each tie thread of each pair with lower longitudinal threads forms at least one tie segment and each tie segment is formed in that the respective tie thread of the pair continually crosses two or more directly consecutive lower longitudinal threads on the outer side of the lower fabric layer, and - the tie segments of each tie thread pair are arranged relative to the lower transverse threads flanking said segments such that i) the two flanking lower transverse threads continually cross on the outer side of the lower fabric layer at least the same lower longitudinal threads which together with the tie threads of the pair form the tie segments, ii) the one of the two flanking lower transverse threads forms respectively one knuckle with the lower longitudinal thread which directly precedes the corresponding tie segment, and iii) the other of the two flanking lower transverse threads forms respectively one knuckle with the lower longitudinal thread which directly follows the corresponding tie segment.
i) the flanking lower transverse thread continually crosses several directly consecutive lower longitudinal threads on the outer side of the lower fabric layer, ii) the flanking lower transverse thread continually crosses a lower longitudinal thread between the upper and the lower fabric layer and forms a thread knuckle.
The invention is characterized in that within the lower repeat - each tie thread of each pair with lower longitudinal threads forms at least one tie segment and each tie segment is formed in that the respective tie thread of the pair continually crosses two or more directly consecutive lower longitudinal threads on the outer side of the lower fabric layer, and - the tie segments of each tie thread pair are arranged relative to the lower transverse threads flanking said segments such that i) the two flanking lower transverse threads continually cross on the outer side of the lower fabric layer at least the same lower longitudinal threads which together with the tie threads of the pair form the tie segments, ii) the one of the two flanking lower transverse threads forms respectively one knuckle with the lower longitudinal thread which directly precedes the corresponding tie segment, and iii) the other of the two flanking lower transverse threads forms respectively one knuckle with the lower longitudinal thread which directly follows the corresponding tie segment.
Description
Forming mesh This invention relates to a paper machine mesh, in particular a forming mesh, according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
Forming meshes are used in the forming section of a paper machine. During the forming process, a fiber suspension from the headbox of the paper machine is applied to one forming mesh or to two forming meshes (in the case of gap formers) . It is an object of the forming mesh in this case to dewater the fiber suspension and to form a fibrous web, whereby as little cellulose fiber and filler material as possible should be separated from the fiber suspension during the dewatering process.
The quality of the formed fibrous web is co-defined in this case to a great extent by the structure of the surface of the forming mesh facing the fibrous web (paper side) . The life of the forming mesh, on the other hand, is greatly influenced by the structure of the surface of the forming mesh facing the paper machine (machine side).
To be able to take account of these in part contradictory requirements, multilayer paper machine meshes with an upper, that is to say paper-side fabric layer and a lower, that is to say machine-side fabric layer were developed, whereby the two fabric layers are connected to each other by so-called ties. To guarantee as uniform a paper-side fabric structure as possible, the tie threads are preferably an integral component of the paper-side weaving structure (integral tie threads), as the result of which a tendency to marking due to the tying of the tacking threads is reduced.
Forming meshes are used in the forming section of a paper machine. During the forming process, a fiber suspension from the headbox of the paper machine is applied to one forming mesh or to two forming meshes (in the case of gap formers) . It is an object of the forming mesh in this case to dewater the fiber suspension and to form a fibrous web, whereby as little cellulose fiber and filler material as possible should be separated from the fiber suspension during the dewatering process.
The quality of the formed fibrous web is co-defined in this case to a great extent by the structure of the surface of the forming mesh facing the fibrous web (paper side) . The life of the forming mesh, on the other hand, is greatly influenced by the structure of the surface of the forming mesh facing the paper machine (machine side).
To be able to take account of these in part contradictory requirements, multilayer paper machine meshes with an upper, that is to say paper-side fabric layer and a lower, that is to say machine-side fabric layer were developed, whereby the two fabric layers are connected to each other by so-called ties. To guarantee as uniform a paper-side fabric structure as possible, the tie threads are preferably an integral component of the paper-side weaving structure (integral tie threads), as the result of which a tendency to marking due to the tying of the tacking threads is reduced.
On the weft-tied paper machine meshes with integral interchanging tie threads known from the prior art, the tie threads weave alternately with warp threads of the upper and the lower fabric layer, whereby each tie thread is woven as a rule with several upper warp threads before said tie thread crosses a single lower warp thread on the outer side of the lower fabric layer in order to form a tie-on point and subsequently to weave again with several upper warp threads.
The known meshes of said kind have the disadvantage that the lower fabric layer is always tied at each tie-on point only by way of one warp thread to the upper fabric layer, as the result of which a high force acts on said warp thread and pulls it into the inside of the mesh, thus exerting a negative effect on the flatness of the mesh.
Furthermore, the tie threads on the known meshes of said kind often cover a large distance between the upper and the lower fabric layer, as the result of which the meshes known from the prior art are often very thick and therefore carry a lot of water.
In addition, the meshes known from the prior art often display a dewatering behavior which varies greatly over the mesh surface and can lead to hydraulic marking of the paper formed on such meshes.
Furthermore, on the known meshes the tie threads between the fabric layers are often exposed to high wear because often said threads are not sufficiently fixed between the fabric layers.
The object of the present invention is to disclose a paper machine mesh on which the disadvantages previously referred to no longer arise or arise at least to a reduced extent only.
The known meshes of said kind have the disadvantage that the lower fabric layer is always tied at each tie-on point only by way of one warp thread to the upper fabric layer, as the result of which a high force acts on said warp thread and pulls it into the inside of the mesh, thus exerting a negative effect on the flatness of the mesh.
Furthermore, the tie threads on the known meshes of said kind often cover a large distance between the upper and the lower fabric layer, as the result of which the meshes known from the prior art are often very thick and therefore carry a lot of water.
In addition, the meshes known from the prior art often display a dewatering behavior which varies greatly over the mesh surface and can lead to hydraulic marking of the paper formed on such meshes.
Furthermore, on the known meshes the tie threads between the fabric layers are often exposed to high wear because often said threads are not sufficiently fixed between the fabric layers.
The object of the present invention is to disclose a paper machine mesh on which the disadvantages previously referred to no longer arise or arise at least to a reduced extent only.
This object is accomplished according to the invention by the features of patent claim 1.
The inventive paper machine mesh, in particular forming mesh, has an upper and a lower fabric layer and tie threads to join the two fabric layers. The outer side of the upper fabric layer provides the side of the mesh which can be moved into contact with the paper web, while the outer side of the lower fabric layer provides the side of the mesh which can be moved into contact with the machine.
The lower fabric layer of the paper machine mesh is formed furthermore by the tie threads, by lower transverse threads and by lower longitudinal threads which are woven with the tie threads and the lower transverse threads and extend transverse thereto. The lower fabric layer has a weaving pattern which is repeated in lower repeats. On the inventive paper machine mesh the tie threads are arranged in pairs. In addition, the tie threads of each pair are interchangingly woven with upper and with lower longitudinal threads. Furthermore, each tie thread pair is flanked on both sides respectively by one lower transverse thread, whereby each of the two flanking lower transverse threads is woven in periodic sequence with lower longitudinal threads as follows:
i) the flanking lower transverse thread continually crosses several directly consecutive lower longitudinal threads on the outer side of the lower fabric layer, ii) the flanking lower transverse thread continually crosses a lower transverse thread between the upper and the lower fabric layer and forms a thread knuckle.
The inventive paper machine mesh is characterized in that within the lower repeat each tie thread of each pair forms together with lower longitudinal threads at least one lower segment and each segment is formed in that the respective tie thread of the pair continually crosses two or more directly consecutive lower longitudinal threads on the outer side of the lower fabric layer, and in that within the lower repeat the segments of each tie thread pair are arranged relative to the lower transverse threads flanking said segments such that i) the two flanking lower transverse threads continually cross on the outer side of the lower fabric layer at least the same lower longitudinal threads which together with the tie threads of the pair form the lower segments, ii) the one of the two flanking lower transverse threads forms respectively one knuckle with the lower longitudinal thread which directly precedes the corresponding Lowef"segment, and iii) the other of the two flanking lower transverse threads forms respectively one knuckle with the lower longitudinal thread which directly follows the corresponding lower segment.
When weaving with the lower longitudinal threads, the tie threads form segments which extend over two or more consecutive lower longitudinal threads, hence the tie threads extend to a greater extent on the outer side of the lower fabric layer and not between the fabric layers, as the result of which the thickness of the mesh and disadvantages connected therewith are clearly reduced.
The inventive characteristic that each tie thread weaves over at least two consecutive lower longitudinal threads means furthermore that, when weaving with the lower longitudinal threads, each tie thread extends "flatly" along the outer side of the lower fabric layer and is protected against wear by the lower transverse threads which flank said tie thread on both sides and as a rule have a larger cross-section than the tie threads, thus clearly reducing the risk of delamination of the two fabric layers. Furthermore, within the lower repeat the one of the two flanking lower transverse threads forms respectively one knuckle with the lower longitudinal thread directly preceding the corresponding tie segment and the other of the two flanking lower transverse threads forms respectively one knuckle with the lower longitudinal thread directly following the corresponding tie segment, hence each tie segment of the lower repeat is held firmly in position, thus preventing a relative movement of the tie threads between the lower and upper fabric layer and clearly reducing the inner wear of the mesh resulting therefrom.
Furthermore, in the lower fabric layer the long floats of the lower transverse threads on the outer side of the lower fabric layer form dewatering channels in regions which extend between two lower transverse threads extending side by side and floating on the outer side.
The two flanking lower transverse threads continually cross on the outer side of the lower fabric layer at least the same lower longitudinal threads which together with the tie threads of the pair form the tie segments, hence the cross-sections of the dewatering channels formed by the floats are reduced, thus reducing the otherwise uniform dewatering speed and with it the tendency toward marking.
Advantageous embodiments and further aspects of the invention are disclosed in the subclaims.
The invention will be explained in the following with reference to schematic figures. In the drawing:
The inventive paper machine mesh, in particular forming mesh, has an upper and a lower fabric layer and tie threads to join the two fabric layers. The outer side of the upper fabric layer provides the side of the mesh which can be moved into contact with the paper web, while the outer side of the lower fabric layer provides the side of the mesh which can be moved into contact with the machine.
The lower fabric layer of the paper machine mesh is formed furthermore by the tie threads, by lower transverse threads and by lower longitudinal threads which are woven with the tie threads and the lower transverse threads and extend transverse thereto. The lower fabric layer has a weaving pattern which is repeated in lower repeats. On the inventive paper machine mesh the tie threads are arranged in pairs. In addition, the tie threads of each pair are interchangingly woven with upper and with lower longitudinal threads. Furthermore, each tie thread pair is flanked on both sides respectively by one lower transverse thread, whereby each of the two flanking lower transverse threads is woven in periodic sequence with lower longitudinal threads as follows:
i) the flanking lower transverse thread continually crosses several directly consecutive lower longitudinal threads on the outer side of the lower fabric layer, ii) the flanking lower transverse thread continually crosses a lower transverse thread between the upper and the lower fabric layer and forms a thread knuckle.
The inventive paper machine mesh is characterized in that within the lower repeat each tie thread of each pair forms together with lower longitudinal threads at least one lower segment and each segment is formed in that the respective tie thread of the pair continually crosses two or more directly consecutive lower longitudinal threads on the outer side of the lower fabric layer, and in that within the lower repeat the segments of each tie thread pair are arranged relative to the lower transverse threads flanking said segments such that i) the two flanking lower transverse threads continually cross on the outer side of the lower fabric layer at least the same lower longitudinal threads which together with the tie threads of the pair form the lower segments, ii) the one of the two flanking lower transverse threads forms respectively one knuckle with the lower longitudinal thread which directly precedes the corresponding Lowef"segment, and iii) the other of the two flanking lower transverse threads forms respectively one knuckle with the lower longitudinal thread which directly follows the corresponding lower segment.
When weaving with the lower longitudinal threads, the tie threads form segments which extend over two or more consecutive lower longitudinal threads, hence the tie threads extend to a greater extent on the outer side of the lower fabric layer and not between the fabric layers, as the result of which the thickness of the mesh and disadvantages connected therewith are clearly reduced.
The inventive characteristic that each tie thread weaves over at least two consecutive lower longitudinal threads means furthermore that, when weaving with the lower longitudinal threads, each tie thread extends "flatly" along the outer side of the lower fabric layer and is protected against wear by the lower transverse threads which flank said tie thread on both sides and as a rule have a larger cross-section than the tie threads, thus clearly reducing the risk of delamination of the two fabric layers. Furthermore, within the lower repeat the one of the two flanking lower transverse threads forms respectively one knuckle with the lower longitudinal thread directly preceding the corresponding tie segment and the other of the two flanking lower transverse threads forms respectively one knuckle with the lower longitudinal thread directly following the corresponding tie segment, hence each tie segment of the lower repeat is held firmly in position, thus preventing a relative movement of the tie threads between the lower and upper fabric layer and clearly reducing the inner wear of the mesh resulting therefrom.
Furthermore, in the lower fabric layer the long floats of the lower transverse threads on the outer side of the lower fabric layer form dewatering channels in regions which extend between two lower transverse threads extending side by side and floating on the outer side.
The two flanking lower transverse threads continually cross on the outer side of the lower fabric layer at least the same lower longitudinal threads which together with the tie threads of the pair form the tie segments, hence the cross-sections of the dewatering channels formed by the floats are reduced, thus reducing the otherwise uniform dewatering speed and with it the tendency toward marking.
Advantageous embodiments and further aspects of the invention are disclosed in the subclaims.
The invention will be explained in the following with reference to schematic figures. In the drawing:
Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of an inventive mesh in the transverse thread direction, Figure 2 shows a second embodiment of an inventive mesh in the transverse thread direction, Figure 3 shows the lower fabric layer of the mesh from Figure 2, Figure 4 shows an illustration, corresponding to Figure 1, of an alternative refinement, Figure 5 shows a view of the lower fabric layer of the forming mesh which is produced according to Figure 4, as viewed from below, Figure 6 shows an illustration which corresponds to Figure 5 and in which dewatering regions of the lower fabric layer are identified, Figure 7 shows a plan view of the upper fabric layer of a forming mesh which is produced according to Figure 4, as viewed from above, Figure 8 shows a plan view of the lower fabric layer of the forming mesh which is produced according to Figure 4, as viewed from above, and Figure 9 shows a simplified illustration, corresponding to Figure 8, of the lower fabric layer of the forming mesh which is produced according to Figure 4.
Figure 1 shows, in the transverse thread direction, a first embodiment of an inventive paper machine mesh 100 constructed as a forming mesh. In the representation in Figure 1 there is shown a repeat unit of the weave structure of the mesh 100.
Figure 1 shows, in the transverse thread direction, a first embodiment of an inventive paper machine mesh 100 constructed as a forming mesh. In the representation in Figure 1 there is shown a repeat unit of the weave structure of the mesh 100.
The forming mesh 100 has upper longitudinal threads 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17 and 19 constructed as warp threads and lower longitudinal threads 2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18 and 20 constructed as warp threads. The longitudinal threads extend in this case perpendicularly from the drawing plane of Figure 1.
Furthermore, the forming mesh 100 has tie threads it to i20 which are arranged in tie thread pairs i1 and i2, i3 and i4 to i19 and i20.
Also, the forming mesh 100 has upper transverse threads Ti to T20 constructed as weft threads and lower transverse threads B1 to B20 constructed as weft threads. On the forming mesh 100 presented in Figure 1, the ratio of the number of tie thread pairs it and i2 to i19 and i20 and the upper transverse threads Ti to T20 together to the number of lower transverse threads Bl to B20 is 3:2.
The inventive forming mesh 100 has an upper fabric layer 101 and a lower fabric layer 102, whereby the two fabric layers 101 and 102 are joined together by the tie threads it and i2 to i19 and i20.
The upper fabric layer is formed by the tie threads it to i20, by the upper transverse threads Ti to T20 and by the upper longitudinal threads 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17 and 19 which extend transverse to the tie threads it to i20 and the upper transverse threads Tl to T20 and are woven therewith. It would also be conceivable to form the upper fabric layer only by upper longitudinal threads and tie threads woven therewith.
The lower fabric layer 102 is formed by the tie threads it to i20, by the lower transverse threads B1 to B20 and by the lower longitudinal threads 2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18 and 20 which extend transverse thereto and are woven therewith.
Furthermore, the forming mesh 100 has tie threads it to i20 which are arranged in tie thread pairs i1 and i2, i3 and i4 to i19 and i20.
Also, the forming mesh 100 has upper transverse threads Ti to T20 constructed as weft threads and lower transverse threads B1 to B20 constructed as weft threads. On the forming mesh 100 presented in Figure 1, the ratio of the number of tie thread pairs it and i2 to i19 and i20 and the upper transverse threads Ti to T20 together to the number of lower transverse threads Bl to B20 is 3:2.
The inventive forming mesh 100 has an upper fabric layer 101 and a lower fabric layer 102, whereby the two fabric layers 101 and 102 are joined together by the tie threads it and i2 to i19 and i20.
The upper fabric layer is formed by the tie threads it to i20, by the upper transverse threads Ti to T20 and by the upper longitudinal threads 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17 and 19 which extend transverse to the tie threads it to i20 and the upper transverse threads Tl to T20 and are woven therewith. It would also be conceivable to form the upper fabric layer only by upper longitudinal threads and tie threads woven therewith.
The lower fabric layer 102 is formed by the tie threads it to i20, by the lower transverse threads B1 to B20 and by the lower longitudinal threads 2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18 and 20 which extend transverse thereto and are woven therewith.
The tie threads of a pair are interchangingly woven with upper longitudinal threads 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17 and 19 and with lower longitudinal threads 2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18 and 20 such that when the first tie thread of the pair is woven with upper longitudinal threads, the second tie thread of the pair is woven with lower longitudinal threads and when the second tie thread of the pair is woven with upper longitudinal threads, the first tie thread of the pair is woven with lower longitudinal threads.
The weaving pattern of the upper fabric layer 101 forms a linen bond, whereby the weaving pattern formed by the weaving of the upper longitudinal threads 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17 and 19 with the upper transverse threads Ti to T20 is continued by the interchanging weaving of the tie threads it to i20 of the tie thread pairs with the upper longitudinal threads 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17 and 19. Accordingly, when weaving with consecutive upper longitudinal threads 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17 and 19, each tie thread it to i20 crosses upper longitudinal threads 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17 and 19 extending alternately on the outer side 103 of the upper fabric layer 101 and between the two fabric layers 101, 102.
As is evident from Figure 1, the lower fabric layer has a weaving pattern which is repeated in lower repeats, whereby the lower repeat is formed by the lower longitudinal threads 2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18 and 20, the tie threads it to i20 and the lower transverse threads B1 to B20.
Each tie thread pair it and i2 to i19 and i20 is flanked on both sides respectively by one lower transverse thread Bl to B20, whereby each of the two flanking lower transverse threads Bl to B20 is woven in periodic sequence with lower longitudinal threads 2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18 and 20 as follows:
i) the flanking lower transverse thread continually crosses four directly consecutive lower longitudinal threads on the outer side 104 of the lower fabric layer 102, ii) the flanking lower transverse thread continually crosses a lower longitudinal thread between the upper 101 and lower fabric layer 102 and forms a thread knuckle.
For example, the tie thread pair i1 and i2 is flanked on the one side by the lower transverse thread B2 and on the other side by the lower transverse thread 53.
In the embodiment in question, all the lower transverse threads Bl to B20 of the mesh 100 are woven in periodic sequence with lower longitudinal threads in the order stipulated above.
Provision is made according to the invention for each tie thread of a pair within the lower repeat to form with lower longitudinal threads at least one tie segment Sl to S20 and for each tie segment Sl to S20 to be formed in that the respective tie thread of the pair continually crosses at least two directly consecutive lower longitudinal threads on the outer side 104 of the lower fabric layer 103.
This means that for example the tie thread it of the tie thread pair it and i2 forms the tie segment Sl and the tie thread i2 of the tie thread pair it and i2 forms the tie segment S2 within the lower repeat. In this case the tie segment Si is formed in that the tie thread i1 of the pair continually crosses the two directly consecutive lower longitudinal threads 14 and 16 on the outer side 104 of the lower fabric layer 102.
The weaving pattern of the upper fabric layer 101 forms a linen bond, whereby the weaving pattern formed by the weaving of the upper longitudinal threads 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17 and 19 with the upper transverse threads Ti to T20 is continued by the interchanging weaving of the tie threads it to i20 of the tie thread pairs with the upper longitudinal threads 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17 and 19. Accordingly, when weaving with consecutive upper longitudinal threads 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17 and 19, each tie thread it to i20 crosses upper longitudinal threads 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17 and 19 extending alternately on the outer side 103 of the upper fabric layer 101 and between the two fabric layers 101, 102.
As is evident from Figure 1, the lower fabric layer has a weaving pattern which is repeated in lower repeats, whereby the lower repeat is formed by the lower longitudinal threads 2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18 and 20, the tie threads it to i20 and the lower transverse threads B1 to B20.
Each tie thread pair it and i2 to i19 and i20 is flanked on both sides respectively by one lower transverse thread Bl to B20, whereby each of the two flanking lower transverse threads Bl to B20 is woven in periodic sequence with lower longitudinal threads 2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18 and 20 as follows:
i) the flanking lower transverse thread continually crosses four directly consecutive lower longitudinal threads on the outer side 104 of the lower fabric layer 102, ii) the flanking lower transverse thread continually crosses a lower longitudinal thread between the upper 101 and lower fabric layer 102 and forms a thread knuckle.
For example, the tie thread pair i1 and i2 is flanked on the one side by the lower transverse thread B2 and on the other side by the lower transverse thread 53.
In the embodiment in question, all the lower transverse threads Bl to B20 of the mesh 100 are woven in periodic sequence with lower longitudinal threads in the order stipulated above.
Provision is made according to the invention for each tie thread of a pair within the lower repeat to form with lower longitudinal threads at least one tie segment Sl to S20 and for each tie segment Sl to S20 to be formed in that the respective tie thread of the pair continually crosses at least two directly consecutive lower longitudinal threads on the outer side 104 of the lower fabric layer 103.
This means that for example the tie thread it of the tie thread pair it and i2 forms the tie segment Sl and the tie thread i2 of the tie thread pair it and i2 forms the tie segment S2 within the lower repeat. In this case the tie segment Si is formed in that the tie thread i1 of the pair continually crosses the two directly consecutive lower longitudinal threads 14 and 16 on the outer side 104 of the lower fabric layer 102.
Furthermore, the tie segment S2 is formed in that the tie thread i2 of the pair continually crosses the two directly consecutive lower longitudinal threads 4 and 6 on the outer side 104 of the lower fabric layer 102.
In addition, the segments are such that between two consecutive tie segments, for example Si, formed by the same tie thread, for example il, said tie thread, for example il, continually crosses at least one upper longitudinal thread, for example 1 and 5, on the outer side 103 of the upper fabric layer 101.
Furthermore, the tie segments of each tie thread pair within the lower repeat are arranged relative to the lower transverse threads flanking said segments such that the two flanking lower transverse threads continually cross on the outer side of the lower fabric layer at least the same lower longitudinal threads which together with the tie threads of the pair form the tie segments.
For example the lower transverse thread B2 and the lower transverse thread B3 continually cross on the outer side 104 of the lower fabric layer 102 respectively the lower longitudinal threads 4 and 6 and 14 and 16 which also form the tie segments Si and S2.
Furthermore the one of the two flanking lower transverse threads forms respectively one knuckle with the lower longitudinal thread which directly precedes the corresponding tie segment.
This means that for example the lower transverse thread B2 forms a knuckle with the lower longitudinal thread 2 and with the lower longitudinal thread 12, whereby the lower longitudinal thread 2 directly precedes the tie segment S2 and the lower longitudinal thread 12 directly precedes the tie segment S1.
In addition, the segments are such that between two consecutive tie segments, for example Si, formed by the same tie thread, for example il, said tie thread, for example il, continually crosses at least one upper longitudinal thread, for example 1 and 5, on the outer side 103 of the upper fabric layer 101.
Furthermore, the tie segments of each tie thread pair within the lower repeat are arranged relative to the lower transverse threads flanking said segments such that the two flanking lower transverse threads continually cross on the outer side of the lower fabric layer at least the same lower longitudinal threads which together with the tie threads of the pair form the tie segments.
For example the lower transverse thread B2 and the lower transverse thread B3 continually cross on the outer side 104 of the lower fabric layer 102 respectively the lower longitudinal threads 4 and 6 and 14 and 16 which also form the tie segments Si and S2.
Furthermore the one of the two flanking lower transverse threads forms respectively one knuckle with the lower longitudinal thread which directly precedes the corresponding tie segment.
This means that for example the lower transverse thread B2 forms a knuckle with the lower longitudinal thread 2 and with the lower longitudinal thread 12, whereby the lower longitudinal thread 2 directly precedes the tie segment S2 and the lower longitudinal thread 12 directly precedes the tie segment S1.
Furthermore provision is made according to the invention for the other of the two flanking lower transverse threads to form respectively one knuckle with the lower longitudinal thread which directly follows the corresponding tie segment.
For example the lower transverse thread B3 forms a knuckle with the lower longitudinal thread 8 and with the lower longitudinal thread 18, whereby the lower longitudinal thread 8 directly follows the tie segment S2 and the lower longitudinal thread 18 directly follows the tie segment Si.
As is evident from the representation in Figure 1, the tie segments of the two tie threads are alternately arranged for each tie thread pair. For example the tie segments Sl and S2 alternate with each other. In this case, three lower longitudinal threads are always arranged between directly consecutive tie segments of a tie thread pair. This means for example that the three lower longitudinal threads 8, 10 and 12 and the three lower longitudinal threads 18, 20 and 2 are arranged between the directly consecutive tie segments Si and S2.
Furthermore, each tie thread pair has a tie thread of a first kind i2, i4, i6, i8, i10, i12, i14, i16, i18 and i20 and a tie thread of a second kind il, i3, i5, i7, i9, ill, i13, i15, i17 and i19, whereby in the upper repeat unit the tie thread of a first kind i2, i4, i6, i8, i10, i12, i14, i16, i18 and i20 crosses two upper longitudinal threads when it runs along the outer side 103 of the upper fabric layer 101 and the tie thread of a second kind il, i3, i5, i7, i9, ill, i13, i15, i17 and i19 crosses three upper longitudinal threads when it runs along the outer side 103 of the upper fabric layer 101.
For example the lower transverse thread B3 forms a knuckle with the lower longitudinal thread 8 and with the lower longitudinal thread 18, whereby the lower longitudinal thread 8 directly follows the tie segment S2 and the lower longitudinal thread 18 directly follows the tie segment Si.
As is evident from the representation in Figure 1, the tie segments of the two tie threads are alternately arranged for each tie thread pair. For example the tie segments Sl and S2 alternate with each other. In this case, three lower longitudinal threads are always arranged between directly consecutive tie segments of a tie thread pair. This means for example that the three lower longitudinal threads 8, 10 and 12 and the three lower longitudinal threads 18, 20 and 2 are arranged between the directly consecutive tie segments Si and S2.
Furthermore, each tie thread pair has a tie thread of a first kind i2, i4, i6, i8, i10, i12, i14, i16, i18 and i20 and a tie thread of a second kind il, i3, i5, i7, i9, ill, i13, i15, i17 and i19, whereby in the upper repeat unit the tie thread of a first kind i2, i4, i6, i8, i10, i12, i14, i16, i18 and i20 crosses two upper longitudinal threads when it runs along the outer side 103 of the upper fabric layer 101 and the tie thread of a second kind il, i3, i5, i7, i9, ill, i13, i15, i17 and i19 crosses three upper longitudinal threads when it runs along the outer side 103 of the upper fabric layer 101.
Furthermore, the tie segments formed by tie threads of the same kind from directly adjacent tie thread pairs are arranged offset by one lower longitudinal thread relative to each other in the transverse thread direction and therefore overlap each other in part.
This means that for example the tie threads of a first kind i2, i4, i6, i8, ilO, i12, i14, i16, i18 and i20 form together with the corresponding lower longitudinal threads the tie segments S2, S4, S6, S8, S10, S12, S14, S16, S18 and S20, whereby for example the tie segments S2 and S4, which are arranged directly side by side, are arranged side by side with overlapping of the lower longitudinal thread 6 in the transverse thread direction.
Figure 2 shows a second embodiment of an inventive paper machine mesh 110 constructed as a forming mesh.
The mesh 110 presented in Figure 2 differs essentially from the mesh 100 presented in Figure 1 in that the ratio of the number of tie thread pairs i1 and i2 to i19 and i20 and upper transverse threads Ti to T10 together to the number of lower transverse threads B1 to B10 is 2:1.
Furthermore, tie segments formed by tie threads of the same kind from directly adjacent tie thread pairs are -unlike in Figure 1 - directly adjacent each other in the transverse thread direction. This means that for example the tie threads of a first kind i2, i3, i6, i7, i10, ill, i14, i15, i18 and i19 form together with the corresponding lower transverse threads the tie segments S2, S3, S6, S7, S10, S11, S14, S15, S18 and S19, whereby for example the tie segments S2 and S3, which are arranged directly side by side in the transverse thread direction, are arranged directly - meaning without overlapping or spacing of one or more lower longitudinal threads - side by side.
This means that for example the tie threads of a first kind i2, i4, i6, i8, ilO, i12, i14, i16, i18 and i20 form together with the corresponding lower longitudinal threads the tie segments S2, S4, S6, S8, S10, S12, S14, S16, S18 and S20, whereby for example the tie segments S2 and S4, which are arranged directly side by side, are arranged side by side with overlapping of the lower longitudinal thread 6 in the transverse thread direction.
Figure 2 shows a second embodiment of an inventive paper machine mesh 110 constructed as a forming mesh.
The mesh 110 presented in Figure 2 differs essentially from the mesh 100 presented in Figure 1 in that the ratio of the number of tie thread pairs i1 and i2 to i19 and i20 and upper transverse threads Ti to T10 together to the number of lower transverse threads B1 to B10 is 2:1.
Furthermore, tie segments formed by tie threads of the same kind from directly adjacent tie thread pairs are -unlike in Figure 1 - directly adjacent each other in the transverse thread direction. This means that for example the tie threads of a first kind i2, i3, i6, i7, i10, ill, i14, i15, i18 and i19 form together with the corresponding lower transverse threads the tie segments S2, S3, S6, S7, S10, S11, S14, S15, S18 and S19, whereby for example the tie segments S2 and S3, which are arranged directly side by side in the transverse thread direction, are arranged directly - meaning without overlapping or spacing of one or more lower longitudinal threads - side by side.
On the forming meshes shown in Figures 1 and 2, the lower transverse threads have in addition a larger cross-sectional area than the tie threads.
Figure 3 shows a representation of the lower fabric layer 112 over a part of the lower repeat looking to the outer side 114 of the lower fabric layer 112.
The inventive characteristics are clearly evident, namely that within the lower repeat - each tie thread it to i20 of each pair with lower longitudinal threads 2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18 and 20 forms at least one tie segment Si to S20 and each tie segment Si to S20 is formed in that the respective tie thread it to i20 of the pair continually crosses two or more directly consecutive lower longitudinal threads 2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18 and 20 on the outer side 114 of the lower fabric layer 113, and - the tie segments Si to S20 of each tie thread pair are arranged relative to the lower transverse threads Bl to B10 flanking said segments such that i) the two flanking lower transverse threads B1 to B10 continually cross on the outer side 114 of the lower fabric layer 112 at least the same lower longitudinal threads which together with the tie threads i1 to i20 of the pair form the tie segments Si to S20, ii) the one of the two flanking lower transverse threads forms respectively one knuckle with the lower longitudinal thread which directly precedes the corresponding tie segment, and iii) the other of the two flanking lower transverse threads forms respectively one knuckle with the lower longitudinal thread which directly follows the corresponding tie segment.
The tie thread pair i3 and i4 can be drawn on as an example. Within the lower repeat, the tie thread i3 forms together with the lower longitudinal threads 14 and 16 the tie segment S3 and the tie thread i4 forms together with the lower longitudinal threads 4 and 6 the tie segment S4. The tie segment S4 is formed in that the tie thread i4 continually crosses the two directly consecutive lower longitudinal threads 4 and 6 on the outer side 114 of the lower fabric layer 113.
The tie segment S3 is formed in that the tie thread i3 continually crosses the two directly consecutive lower longitudinal threads 14 and 16 on the outer side 114 of the lower fabric layer 113.
Furthermore, the tie segments S3 and S4 are arranged relative to the lower transverse threads B2 and B3 flanking said segments such that the two flanking lower transverse threads B2 and B3 continually cross on the outer side 114 of the lower fabric layer 112 the same lower longitudinal threads 4 and 6 which together with the tie thread i4 of the pair form the tie segment S4, the two flanking lower transverse threads B2 and B3 continually cross on the outer side 114 of the lower fabric layer 112 the same lower longitudinal threads 14 and 16 which together with the tie thread i3 of the pair form the tie segment S3, the flanking lower transverse thread B2 forms a knuckle with the lower longitudinal threads 2 and 12, whereby the longitudinal thread 2 directly precedes the tie segment S4 and the longitudinal thread 12 directly precedes the tie segment S3, and the flanking lower transverse thread B3 forms a knuckle with the lower longitudinal threads 8 and 18, whereby the longitudinal thread 8 directly follows the tie segment S4 and the longitudinal thread 18 directly follows the tie segment S3.
In relation to Figures 4 to 6, a further design variant of a forming mesh 100 which is constructed according to the invention will be explained in the following text.
In principle, in the case of the forming mesh 100, the above-described principles are realized with regard to the position and the tying of the lower transverse threads which are arranged in a flanking manner with respect to a respective tie thread pair and also with regard to the course of the tie threads it to i20 of the first type and of the second type. One can thus see, for example, in the case of the tie thread pair il, i2 that, at the point where the tie thread i1 is incorporated into the upper, i.e. paper-side fabric layer 101, said tie thread i1 interlaces in order to form the linen bond over the three upper longitudinal threads 1, 5 and 9, therefore crosses them before it changes again into the lower fabric layer 102 and crosses the lower longitudinal threads 14, 16 there on the outer side, in order to form the tie segment S1.
The tie thread it is therefore a tie thread of the second type. Correspondingly, the tie thread i2 is a tie thread of the first type which, at the point where it is incorporated into the upper fabric layer 101 in order to form the linen bond, crosses two upper longitudinal threads 13, 17, that is to say interlaces on the outer side of the latter. With regard to the position of the tie segments of the different mutually adjacent tie thread pairs in relation to one another, the arrangement which has already been shown in Figure 1 is likewise realized. One sees, for example, that the tie segments S3, S4 of the tie thread pair i3, i4 are displaced in relation to those of the thread pair il, i2 by one longitudinal thread in the transverse direction, that is to say the weft direction. It is to be noted that it goes without saying that the arrangement which was described in relation to Figure 2 can also be selected here, in which there is no overlap of tie segments of this type of adjacent tie thread pairs.
One substantial difference in comparison with the refinement shown in Figure 1 lies in the way in which the tie threads of different types of adjacent tie thread pairs follow one another. One sees in Figure 1 that, in the case of tie thread pairs which follow one another, first of all the tie thread which is denoted by an odd number, that is to say the tie thread il, i3, i5, etc., is always a tie thread of the second type, that is to say a tie thread which, at the point where it is incorporated into the upper fabric layer 101 in order to form the linen bond, interlaces over three upper longitudinal threads or crosses them.
That tie thread of a respective tie thread pair which follows as second, that is to say the tie threads i2, i4, i6, etc., is a tie thread of the first type which, at the point where it is incorporated into the upper fabric layer 101 in order to form the linen bond, crosses two upper longitudinal threads. This is seen using the numerals 3, 2 which are recorded in Figure 1 in association with the respective tie threads il, i2, etc., the numeral 3 identifying in each case a tie thread of the second type, while the numeral 2 identifies a tie thread of the first type.
There is then provision in the design variant which is shown in Figure 4, however, for in each case the tie threads of the same type of the different tie thread pairs to lie next to one another in the case of tie thread pairs which follow one another in the direction of the longitudinal threads. Thus, as Figure 4 shows clearly, in the tie thread pair i3, i4 the tie thread i3 which is likewise configured as a tie thread of the first type lies next to the tie thread i2 of the tie thread pair il, i2, which tie thread i2 is a tie thread of the first type, that is to say interlaces over the two upper longitudinal threads 13, 17. The tie thread i5 of the tie thread pair i5, i6 lies next to the tie thread i4 of the tie thread pair i3, i4, which tie thread i4 is a tie thread of the second type and therefore interlaces over three upper longitudinal threads 3, 7, 11 or crosses the latter. This tie thread i5 is also a tie thread of the second type, that is to say crosses two upper longitudinal threads 1, 17 in order to form the linen bond in the upper fabric layer 101.
This change of the types of tie threads in the respective tie thread pairs takes place in the production of a forming mesh of this type when the tie threads or transverse threads are configured as weft threads, as a result of the fact that, in the temporal sequence, always in relation to the tie threads to be introduced onto one another, first of all always a tie thread of one type of a pair, then the tie thread of the other type of the pair, then the tie thread of the other type of the next pair and then the tie thread of the first type of the next pair, etc. are introduced;
it goes without saying that in each case then the upper and lower transverse threads are introduced between the individual pairs, that is to say the upper transverse threads T3, T4 and the flanking lower transverse threads B3, B4 in the lower fabric layer 102 are introduced, for example, between the tie thread pairs il, i2 and i3, i4.
A structure which can be seen in Figures 5 and 6 results from this sequence of the tie threads of different types in the pairs of tie threads which follow one another. In particular, it is seen in Figures 5 and 6 that the tie threads i2, i3 of two mutually adjacent tie thread pairs lie comparatively close to one another as a result of this change of the tie threads of different types of the adjacent tie thread pairs, for example, in the region of the lower longitudinal threads 2 to 12, while, in the region which then follows, the two tie threads il, i4 of the same tie thread pairs are at a comparatively great spacing. This sequence of smaller spacing and greater spacing in the different mutually adjacent tie thread pairs continues both in the transverse direction, that is to say, for example, the weft direction, and also in the longitudinal direction, that is to say, for example, the warp direction. This leads to the dewatering regions El, E2, E3, E4 which are framed in ellipses in Figure 6, are identified by different patterning and are enclosed in each case between the tie threads of the same type of different tie thread pairs. These four different dewatering regions which are continued correspondingly via the repeats which follow one another have layers which are slightly different from one another and/or in terms of the fabric structure and break up a great regularity, and said dewatering regions therefore make the low-marking retention of fillers and fibres possible from the fibrous suspension which is used for paper production and assist homogeneous and non-directional dewatering.
The effect is explained by the dewatering regions El, E2, E3, E4 which are arranged alternately in the tie diagonal, are formed by the placing of the tie segments which lie on the outside, appear to be more open and close alternately and therefore bring about homogeneous non-directional dewatering. If the dewatering channels or regions El, E2, E3, E4 are arranged regularly, this can lead to marking which corresponds to this regularity, as a result of fibres being washed out and fillers being washed out to a pronounced extent.
Figure 3 shows a representation of the lower fabric layer 112 over a part of the lower repeat looking to the outer side 114 of the lower fabric layer 112.
The inventive characteristics are clearly evident, namely that within the lower repeat - each tie thread it to i20 of each pair with lower longitudinal threads 2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18 and 20 forms at least one tie segment Si to S20 and each tie segment Si to S20 is formed in that the respective tie thread it to i20 of the pair continually crosses two or more directly consecutive lower longitudinal threads 2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18 and 20 on the outer side 114 of the lower fabric layer 113, and - the tie segments Si to S20 of each tie thread pair are arranged relative to the lower transverse threads Bl to B10 flanking said segments such that i) the two flanking lower transverse threads B1 to B10 continually cross on the outer side 114 of the lower fabric layer 112 at least the same lower longitudinal threads which together with the tie threads i1 to i20 of the pair form the tie segments Si to S20, ii) the one of the two flanking lower transverse threads forms respectively one knuckle with the lower longitudinal thread which directly precedes the corresponding tie segment, and iii) the other of the two flanking lower transverse threads forms respectively one knuckle with the lower longitudinal thread which directly follows the corresponding tie segment.
The tie thread pair i3 and i4 can be drawn on as an example. Within the lower repeat, the tie thread i3 forms together with the lower longitudinal threads 14 and 16 the tie segment S3 and the tie thread i4 forms together with the lower longitudinal threads 4 and 6 the tie segment S4. The tie segment S4 is formed in that the tie thread i4 continually crosses the two directly consecutive lower longitudinal threads 4 and 6 on the outer side 114 of the lower fabric layer 113.
The tie segment S3 is formed in that the tie thread i3 continually crosses the two directly consecutive lower longitudinal threads 14 and 16 on the outer side 114 of the lower fabric layer 113.
Furthermore, the tie segments S3 and S4 are arranged relative to the lower transverse threads B2 and B3 flanking said segments such that the two flanking lower transverse threads B2 and B3 continually cross on the outer side 114 of the lower fabric layer 112 the same lower longitudinal threads 4 and 6 which together with the tie thread i4 of the pair form the tie segment S4, the two flanking lower transverse threads B2 and B3 continually cross on the outer side 114 of the lower fabric layer 112 the same lower longitudinal threads 14 and 16 which together with the tie thread i3 of the pair form the tie segment S3, the flanking lower transverse thread B2 forms a knuckle with the lower longitudinal threads 2 and 12, whereby the longitudinal thread 2 directly precedes the tie segment S4 and the longitudinal thread 12 directly precedes the tie segment S3, and the flanking lower transverse thread B3 forms a knuckle with the lower longitudinal threads 8 and 18, whereby the longitudinal thread 8 directly follows the tie segment S4 and the longitudinal thread 18 directly follows the tie segment S3.
In relation to Figures 4 to 6, a further design variant of a forming mesh 100 which is constructed according to the invention will be explained in the following text.
In principle, in the case of the forming mesh 100, the above-described principles are realized with regard to the position and the tying of the lower transverse threads which are arranged in a flanking manner with respect to a respective tie thread pair and also with regard to the course of the tie threads it to i20 of the first type and of the second type. One can thus see, for example, in the case of the tie thread pair il, i2 that, at the point where the tie thread i1 is incorporated into the upper, i.e. paper-side fabric layer 101, said tie thread i1 interlaces in order to form the linen bond over the three upper longitudinal threads 1, 5 and 9, therefore crosses them before it changes again into the lower fabric layer 102 and crosses the lower longitudinal threads 14, 16 there on the outer side, in order to form the tie segment S1.
The tie thread it is therefore a tie thread of the second type. Correspondingly, the tie thread i2 is a tie thread of the first type which, at the point where it is incorporated into the upper fabric layer 101 in order to form the linen bond, crosses two upper longitudinal threads 13, 17, that is to say interlaces on the outer side of the latter. With regard to the position of the tie segments of the different mutually adjacent tie thread pairs in relation to one another, the arrangement which has already been shown in Figure 1 is likewise realized. One sees, for example, that the tie segments S3, S4 of the tie thread pair i3, i4 are displaced in relation to those of the thread pair il, i2 by one longitudinal thread in the transverse direction, that is to say the weft direction. It is to be noted that it goes without saying that the arrangement which was described in relation to Figure 2 can also be selected here, in which there is no overlap of tie segments of this type of adjacent tie thread pairs.
One substantial difference in comparison with the refinement shown in Figure 1 lies in the way in which the tie threads of different types of adjacent tie thread pairs follow one another. One sees in Figure 1 that, in the case of tie thread pairs which follow one another, first of all the tie thread which is denoted by an odd number, that is to say the tie thread il, i3, i5, etc., is always a tie thread of the second type, that is to say a tie thread which, at the point where it is incorporated into the upper fabric layer 101 in order to form the linen bond, interlaces over three upper longitudinal threads or crosses them.
That tie thread of a respective tie thread pair which follows as second, that is to say the tie threads i2, i4, i6, etc., is a tie thread of the first type which, at the point where it is incorporated into the upper fabric layer 101 in order to form the linen bond, crosses two upper longitudinal threads. This is seen using the numerals 3, 2 which are recorded in Figure 1 in association with the respective tie threads il, i2, etc., the numeral 3 identifying in each case a tie thread of the second type, while the numeral 2 identifies a tie thread of the first type.
There is then provision in the design variant which is shown in Figure 4, however, for in each case the tie threads of the same type of the different tie thread pairs to lie next to one another in the case of tie thread pairs which follow one another in the direction of the longitudinal threads. Thus, as Figure 4 shows clearly, in the tie thread pair i3, i4 the tie thread i3 which is likewise configured as a tie thread of the first type lies next to the tie thread i2 of the tie thread pair il, i2, which tie thread i2 is a tie thread of the first type, that is to say interlaces over the two upper longitudinal threads 13, 17. The tie thread i5 of the tie thread pair i5, i6 lies next to the tie thread i4 of the tie thread pair i3, i4, which tie thread i4 is a tie thread of the second type and therefore interlaces over three upper longitudinal threads 3, 7, 11 or crosses the latter. This tie thread i5 is also a tie thread of the second type, that is to say crosses two upper longitudinal threads 1, 17 in order to form the linen bond in the upper fabric layer 101.
This change of the types of tie threads in the respective tie thread pairs takes place in the production of a forming mesh of this type when the tie threads or transverse threads are configured as weft threads, as a result of the fact that, in the temporal sequence, always in relation to the tie threads to be introduced onto one another, first of all always a tie thread of one type of a pair, then the tie thread of the other type of the pair, then the tie thread of the other type of the next pair and then the tie thread of the first type of the next pair, etc. are introduced;
it goes without saying that in each case then the upper and lower transverse threads are introduced between the individual pairs, that is to say the upper transverse threads T3, T4 and the flanking lower transverse threads B3, B4 in the lower fabric layer 102 are introduced, for example, between the tie thread pairs il, i2 and i3, i4.
A structure which can be seen in Figures 5 and 6 results from this sequence of the tie threads of different types in the pairs of tie threads which follow one another. In particular, it is seen in Figures 5 and 6 that the tie threads i2, i3 of two mutually adjacent tie thread pairs lie comparatively close to one another as a result of this change of the tie threads of different types of the adjacent tie thread pairs, for example, in the region of the lower longitudinal threads 2 to 12, while, in the region which then follows, the two tie threads il, i4 of the same tie thread pairs are at a comparatively great spacing. This sequence of smaller spacing and greater spacing in the different mutually adjacent tie thread pairs continues both in the transverse direction, that is to say, for example, the weft direction, and also in the longitudinal direction, that is to say, for example, the warp direction. This leads to the dewatering regions El, E2, E3, E4 which are framed in ellipses in Figure 6, are identified by different patterning and are enclosed in each case between the tie threads of the same type of different tie thread pairs. These four different dewatering regions which are continued correspondingly via the repeats which follow one another have layers which are slightly different from one another and/or in terms of the fabric structure and break up a great regularity, and said dewatering regions therefore make the low-marking retention of fillers and fibres possible from the fibrous suspension which is used for paper production and assist homogeneous and non-directional dewatering.
The effect is explained by the dewatering regions El, E2, E3, E4 which are arranged alternately in the tie diagonal, are formed by the placing of the tie segments which lie on the outside, appear to be more open and close alternately and therefore bring about homogeneous non-directional dewatering. If the dewatering channels or regions El, E2, E3, E4 are arranged regularly, this can lead to marking which corresponds to this regularity, as a result of fibres being washed out and fillers being washed out to a pronounced extent.
Furthermore, it is seen in Figure 5 that the diagonals L1, L2 which are formed between the respective tie segments of the tie threads of the same type of adjacent tie thread pairs, in a deviation from an in principle rectilinearly extending main diagonal D of the fabric structure of the lower fabric layer 102, have alternately different angular positions in relation to the transverse or longitudinal direction of the forming mesh 100. These diagonals extend in each case between the centre regions, as viewed in the transverse direction, of the tie segments of tie threads of the same type of adjacent tie thread pairs.
Thus, a dotted line L1 defines a diagonal which, for example, connects the centre regions, as viewed in the transverse direction, of tie segments S5, S8 of the tie threads i5, i8 of the first type. Starting from the tie thread i8, a dashed line L2 continues this diagonal to the next tie thread or the connecting thread i9 of this pair, which tie thread is a tie thread of the second type, just like the tie threads i5, i8. It is seen that no diagonal results here which extends rectilinearly through the lower fabric layer 102. Rather, this results in a line which extends in a zigzag. The marking inclination is reduced on account of this less regular course in comparison with a diagonal which runs through rectilinearly.
It has been shown that the arrangement, described in the preceding text with reference to Figures 4 to 6, of the tie threads of different types is particularly advantageous with regard to the dewatering and marking properties if it is combined with the weft ratio which can also be seen in Figure 4 of 3:2. In principle, it is to be noted, however, that this arrangement of the tie threads of different types can also be used in the case of weft ratios of 2:1 or 1:1.
Furthermore, in conjunction with the arrangement, described in the preceding text, of the tie threads of different types, a ratio of the open surface area of the run-side fabric layer to the open surface area of the paper-side fabric layer of less than 1, preferably less than 0.95, most preferably less than 0.9, is particularly preferable. This means that the paper-side, that is to say upper fabric layer 101 is configured with an open structure, that is to say a higher porosity, than the run-side, lower fabric layer 102; this also assists the reduction in washing out of fillers from the paper side.
The definition of the open surface areas of the upper, that is to say paper-side fabric layer and the lower, that is to say machine-side or run-side fabric layer will be explained in the following text with reference to Figures 7 to 9.
Figure 7 shows a view of the upper fabric layer 101, viewed from above, that is to say from the side which comes into contact with the paper material to be produced. The different transverse threads Tl, T2, T3, etc. and longitudinal threads 1, 3, 5, etc. are seen.
Furthermore, the tie thread pair il, i2 is seen which, in this way of viewing, is actually considered to be a single transverse thread contributing to the linen bond in the upper fabric layer 101.
In the case shown, substantially square surface area regions F which are not covered by threads in plan view and are shown in Figure 7 by dotted lines are produced between the longitudinal and transverse threads of the upper fabric layer 100 which cross and therefore form the linen bond. The open surface area of the upper fabric layer 101 is defined by the ratio of the surface area which is formed by all these surface area regions F and is not covered overall by threads to the overall surface area under consideration which represents the sum of all surface area regions F and also all surface areas which are covered by the longitudinal and transverse threads in plan view.
Figure 8 shows an illustration of the lower fabric layer 102, which illustration corresponds to the viewing direction of Figure 7. In the view of Figure 8, said lower fabric layer 102 is therefore likewise observed from the upper side, that is to say from a side which faces the upper fabric layer. The different longitudinal and transverse threads and the tie threads it to ilO, which likewise extend in the transverse direction, of the different tie thread pairs are also seen in Figure 8. Figure 9 shows a diagrammatic illustration, in which the different longitudinal threads 2 to 10 are shown in a dark manner extending in the vertical direction. The lines denoted by Bl to B5 represent the different transverse threads which follow one another in the longitudinal direction and extend in the transverse direction. In each case interlace regions A are shown as light areas. They are those regions, in which a transverse thread interlaces over a longitudinal thread before it again floats along the underside of the four longitudinal threads which then follow.
Surface area regions F' are shown in a dotted manner, the overall surface area of which surface area regions F' is again set in a ratio to the overall surface area of the lower fabric layer 102 under consideration, in order thus to determine the variable "open surface area of the lower fabric layer". It is seen here that firstly those surface area regions F' are considered to be the regions which result between two immediately adjacent transverse threads as surface areas which are not covered by thread material in the plan view. A
surface area region F' of this type is marked in Figure 8 at the bottom left between the transverse threads Bl and B2. Similarly, surface area regions between two adjacent transverse threads, in which surface area regions a tie thread pair lies, are considered to be surface area regions F' of this type. Tie threads are therefore not considered in principle to be thread material which reduces the surface area regions F'. A
surface area region F' of this type is identified in Figure 8 at the bottom left between the transverse threads B2 and B3. Furthermore, those sections of the transverse threads B1, B2, etc. which, in an adjacent manner to the interlace regions A, float under the longitudinal threads which then follow are considered to be surface area regions F' of this type. A surface area region F' of this type is shown in Figure 8 on the right next to an interlace region A in association with the transverse thread B2. Whereas therefore that section of the transverse thread B2 which lies between the longitudinal threads 10 and 14 and crosses the longitudinal thread 12 on its upper side is not considered to be a surface area region F', the surface area regions F' which then follow or correspondingly preceding surface area regions are considered not to be covered by a thread during the determination of the open surface area of the lower fabric layer.
Furthermore, the structure according to the invention of a forming mesh achieves the advantage that, in particular also in the region of the tie segments, the wraparound angles with regard to the longitudinal threads are reduced by the floating sections which are formed in the case of the tie threads, which is generally to be attributed to lower wear on account of reduced friction between the longitudinal and transverse threads. A stronger connection between the two fabric layers is also achieved by the incorporation of more than one longitudinal thread of the lower fabric layer by means of the tie threads, which generally leads to a lower thickness of the forming mesh and more rapid and/or improved dewatering with a lower open volume. Higher production speeds during paper production can therefore be achieved by way of a forming mesh which is constructed in this way.
Thus, a dotted line L1 defines a diagonal which, for example, connects the centre regions, as viewed in the transverse direction, of tie segments S5, S8 of the tie threads i5, i8 of the first type. Starting from the tie thread i8, a dashed line L2 continues this diagonal to the next tie thread or the connecting thread i9 of this pair, which tie thread is a tie thread of the second type, just like the tie threads i5, i8. It is seen that no diagonal results here which extends rectilinearly through the lower fabric layer 102. Rather, this results in a line which extends in a zigzag. The marking inclination is reduced on account of this less regular course in comparison with a diagonal which runs through rectilinearly.
It has been shown that the arrangement, described in the preceding text with reference to Figures 4 to 6, of the tie threads of different types is particularly advantageous with regard to the dewatering and marking properties if it is combined with the weft ratio which can also be seen in Figure 4 of 3:2. In principle, it is to be noted, however, that this arrangement of the tie threads of different types can also be used in the case of weft ratios of 2:1 or 1:1.
Furthermore, in conjunction with the arrangement, described in the preceding text, of the tie threads of different types, a ratio of the open surface area of the run-side fabric layer to the open surface area of the paper-side fabric layer of less than 1, preferably less than 0.95, most preferably less than 0.9, is particularly preferable. This means that the paper-side, that is to say upper fabric layer 101 is configured with an open structure, that is to say a higher porosity, than the run-side, lower fabric layer 102; this also assists the reduction in washing out of fillers from the paper side.
The definition of the open surface areas of the upper, that is to say paper-side fabric layer and the lower, that is to say machine-side or run-side fabric layer will be explained in the following text with reference to Figures 7 to 9.
Figure 7 shows a view of the upper fabric layer 101, viewed from above, that is to say from the side which comes into contact with the paper material to be produced. The different transverse threads Tl, T2, T3, etc. and longitudinal threads 1, 3, 5, etc. are seen.
Furthermore, the tie thread pair il, i2 is seen which, in this way of viewing, is actually considered to be a single transverse thread contributing to the linen bond in the upper fabric layer 101.
In the case shown, substantially square surface area regions F which are not covered by threads in plan view and are shown in Figure 7 by dotted lines are produced between the longitudinal and transverse threads of the upper fabric layer 100 which cross and therefore form the linen bond. The open surface area of the upper fabric layer 101 is defined by the ratio of the surface area which is formed by all these surface area regions F and is not covered overall by threads to the overall surface area under consideration which represents the sum of all surface area regions F and also all surface areas which are covered by the longitudinal and transverse threads in plan view.
Figure 8 shows an illustration of the lower fabric layer 102, which illustration corresponds to the viewing direction of Figure 7. In the view of Figure 8, said lower fabric layer 102 is therefore likewise observed from the upper side, that is to say from a side which faces the upper fabric layer. The different longitudinal and transverse threads and the tie threads it to ilO, which likewise extend in the transverse direction, of the different tie thread pairs are also seen in Figure 8. Figure 9 shows a diagrammatic illustration, in which the different longitudinal threads 2 to 10 are shown in a dark manner extending in the vertical direction. The lines denoted by Bl to B5 represent the different transverse threads which follow one another in the longitudinal direction and extend in the transverse direction. In each case interlace regions A are shown as light areas. They are those regions, in which a transverse thread interlaces over a longitudinal thread before it again floats along the underside of the four longitudinal threads which then follow.
Surface area regions F' are shown in a dotted manner, the overall surface area of which surface area regions F' is again set in a ratio to the overall surface area of the lower fabric layer 102 under consideration, in order thus to determine the variable "open surface area of the lower fabric layer". It is seen here that firstly those surface area regions F' are considered to be the regions which result between two immediately adjacent transverse threads as surface areas which are not covered by thread material in the plan view. A
surface area region F' of this type is marked in Figure 8 at the bottom left between the transverse threads Bl and B2. Similarly, surface area regions between two adjacent transverse threads, in which surface area regions a tie thread pair lies, are considered to be surface area regions F' of this type. Tie threads are therefore not considered in principle to be thread material which reduces the surface area regions F'. A
surface area region F' of this type is identified in Figure 8 at the bottom left between the transverse threads B2 and B3. Furthermore, those sections of the transverse threads B1, B2, etc. which, in an adjacent manner to the interlace regions A, float under the longitudinal threads which then follow are considered to be surface area regions F' of this type. A surface area region F' of this type is shown in Figure 8 on the right next to an interlace region A in association with the transverse thread B2. Whereas therefore that section of the transverse thread B2 which lies between the longitudinal threads 10 and 14 and crosses the longitudinal thread 12 on its upper side is not considered to be a surface area region F', the surface area regions F' which then follow or correspondingly preceding surface area regions are considered not to be covered by a thread during the determination of the open surface area of the lower fabric layer.
Furthermore, the structure according to the invention of a forming mesh achieves the advantage that, in particular also in the region of the tie segments, the wraparound angles with regard to the longitudinal threads are reduced by the floating sections which are formed in the case of the tie threads, which is generally to be attributed to lower wear on account of reduced friction between the longitudinal and transverse threads. A stronger connection between the two fabric layers is also achieved by the incorporation of more than one longitudinal thread of the lower fabric layer by means of the tie threads, which generally leads to a lower thickness of the forming mesh and more rapid and/or improved dewatering with a lower open volume. Higher production speeds during paper production can therefore be achieved by way of a forming mesh which is constructed in this way.
Claims (18)
1. Paper machine mesh, in particular forming mesh, with an upper and a lower fabric layer and with tie threads to join the two fabric layers, - whereby the lower fabric layer is formed by the tie threads, lower transverse threads and, woven therewith and extending transverse thereto, lower longitudinal threads, - whereby the lower fabric layer has a weaving pattern which is repeated in lower repeats, - whereby the tie threads are arranged in pairs and the tie threads of each pair are interchangingly woven with upper and with lower longitudinal threads, - whereby each tie thread pair is flanked on both sides respectively by one lower transverse thread and each of the two flanking lower transverse threads is woven in periodic sequence with lower longitudinal threads as follows:
i) the flanking lower transverse thread continually crosses several directly consecutive lower longitudinal threads on the outer side of the lower fabric layer, ii) the flanking lower transverse thread continually crosses a lower longitudinal thread between the upper and the lower fabric layer and forms a thread knuckle, characterized in that within the lower repeat - each tie thread of each pair forms together with lower longitudinal threads at least one tie segment and each tie segment is formed in that the respective tie thread of the pair continually crosses two or more directly consecutive lower longitudinal threads on the outer side of the lower fabric layer, and - the tie segments of each tie thread pair are arranged relative to the lower transverse threads flanking said segments such that i) the two flanking lower transverse threads continually cross on the outer side of the lower fabric layer at least the same lower longitudinal threads which together with the tie threads of the pair form the tie segments, ii) the one of the two flanking lower transverse threads forms respectively one knuckle with the lower longitudinal thread which directly precedes the corresponding tie segment, and iii) the other of the two flanking lower transverse threads forms respectively one knuckle with the lower longitudinal thread which directly follows the corresponding tie segment.
i) the flanking lower transverse thread continually crosses several directly consecutive lower longitudinal threads on the outer side of the lower fabric layer, ii) the flanking lower transverse thread continually crosses a lower longitudinal thread between the upper and the lower fabric layer and forms a thread knuckle, characterized in that within the lower repeat - each tie thread of each pair forms together with lower longitudinal threads at least one tie segment and each tie segment is formed in that the respective tie thread of the pair continually crosses two or more directly consecutive lower longitudinal threads on the outer side of the lower fabric layer, and - the tie segments of each tie thread pair are arranged relative to the lower transverse threads flanking said segments such that i) the two flanking lower transverse threads continually cross on the outer side of the lower fabric layer at least the same lower longitudinal threads which together with the tie threads of the pair form the tie segments, ii) the one of the two flanking lower transverse threads forms respectively one knuckle with the lower longitudinal thread which directly precedes the corresponding tie segment, and iii) the other of the two flanking lower transverse threads forms respectively one knuckle with the lower longitudinal thread which directly follows the corresponding tie segment.
2. Paper machine mesh according to claim 1, characterized in that between two consecutive tie segments formed by the same tie thread, said tie thread continually crosses at least one upper longitudinal thread on the outer side of the upper fabric layer.
3. Paper machine mesh according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that within the lower repeat each tie thread of a tie thread pair forms together with lower longitudinal threads exactly one tie segment.
4. Paper machine mesh according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that all lower transverse threads are woven in periodic sequence with lower longitudinal threads as follows:
i) the flanking lower transverse thread continually crosses several directly consecutive lower longitudinal threads on the outer side of the lower fabric layer, ii) the flanking lower transverse thread continually crosses a lower transverse thread between the upper and the lower fabric layer and forms a thread knuckle.
i) the flanking lower transverse thread continually crosses several directly consecutive lower longitudinal threads on the outer side of the lower fabric layer, ii) the flanking lower transverse thread continually crosses a lower transverse thread between the upper and the lower fabric layer and forms a thread knuckle.
5. Paper machine mesh according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each lower transverse thread continually crosses four directly consecutive lower longitudinal threads in periodic sequence on the outer side of the lower fabric layer before it continually crosses a lower longitudinal thread between the upper and lower fabric layer, thereby forming a thread knuckle.
6. Paper machine mesh according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that three lower longitudinal threads are arranged between directly consecutive tie segments of a tie thread pair.
7. Paper machine mesh according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the upper fabric layer is formed by the tie threads, by upper transverse threads and by upper longitudinal threads which extend transverse to the tie threads and the upper transverse threads and are woven therewith.
8. Paper machine mesh according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the weaving pattern formed by the weaving of the upper longitudinal threads with the upper transverse threads is continued through the interchanging weaving of the tie threads of the tie thread pairs with the upper longitudinal threads.
9. Paper machine mesh according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that when weaving with consecutive upper longitudinal threads, each tie thread crosses upper longitudinal threads extending alternately on the outer side of the upper fabric layer and between the two fabric layers.
10. Paper machine mesh according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each tie thread pair has a tie thread of a first kind and a tie thread of a second kind, whereby in the upper repeat unit the tie thread of a first kind crosses two upper longitudinal threads when it runs along the outer side of the upper fabric layer and the tie thread of a second kind crosses three upper longitudinal threads when it runs along the outer side of the upper fabric layer.
11. Paper machine mesh according to claim 10, characterized in that, in the case of pairs of tie threads which are consecutive in the direction of the longitudinal threads, the tie threads of the same kind are consecutive to the different pairs.
12. Paper machine mesh according to one of claims 10 and 11, characterized in that tie segments formed by tie threads of the same kind from directly adjacent tie thread pairs are arranged in the transverse thread direction side by side with overlapping or directly adjacent to each other.
13. Paper machine mesh according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the upper fabric layer forms a linen bond as weaving pattern.
14. Paper machine mesh according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that all tie segments comprise the same number of directly consecutive lower longitudinal threads.
15. Paper machine mesh according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ratio of the number of tie thread pairs and upper transverse threads together to the number of lower transverse threads is 1:1 or 2:1 or 3:2.
16. Paper machine mesh according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lower transverse threads have a larger cross-sectional area than the tie threads.
17. Paper machine mesh according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a ratio of the open surface area of the lower fabric layer to the open surface area of the upper fabric layer is less than 0.95, most preferably less than 0.9.
18. Paper machine mesh according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the longitudinal threads are warp threads and the transverse and tie threads are weft threads.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102008043222.9 | 2008-10-28 | ||
| DE102008043222A DE102008043222A1 (en) | 2008-10-28 | 2008-10-28 | forming fabric |
| PCT/EP2009/063653 WO2010049304A1 (en) | 2008-10-28 | 2009-10-19 | Forming fabric |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2741604A1 true CA2741604A1 (en) | 2010-05-06 |
Family
ID=41395989
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2741604A Abandoned CA2741604A1 (en) | 2008-10-28 | 2009-10-19 | Forming mesh |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2012506959A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20110079850A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN102197176A (en) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0914025A2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2741604A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102008043222A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2010049304A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102011003304A1 (en) * | 2011-01-28 | 2012-08-02 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Pulp dewatering cover for a pulp dewatering machine |
| DE102012207044A1 (en) * | 2012-04-27 | 2013-10-31 | Voith Patent Gmbh | forming fabric |
| DE102013106327B4 (en) | 2013-06-18 | 2015-01-08 | Andritz Technology And Asset Management Gmbh | papermaker |
| DE102016200230A1 (en) * | 2016-01-12 | 2017-08-17 | Voith Patent Gmbh | dryer |
| US10767310B2 (en) * | 2016-08-10 | 2020-09-08 | Astenjohnson, Inc. | Composite forming fabric |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6978809B2 (en) * | 2003-09-29 | 2005-12-27 | Voith Fabrics | Composite papermaking fabric |
| US7007722B2 (en) * | 2003-11-17 | 2006-03-07 | Voith Paper Patent Gmbh | Forming fabric |
| DE202006011572U1 (en) * | 2006-07-28 | 2006-09-28 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Paper-forming sieve for paper mill has belt wet web side and machine side linked by crossover nodes |
| DE102007020071A1 (en) * | 2007-04-28 | 2008-10-30 | Voith Patent Gmbh | forming fabric |
-
2008
- 2008-10-28 DE DE102008043222A patent/DE102008043222A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2009
- 2009-10-19 KR KR1020117012165A patent/KR20110079850A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2009-10-19 CA CA2741604A patent/CA2741604A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-10-19 BR BRPI0914025A patent/BRPI0914025A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2009-10-19 CN CN2009801429581A patent/CN102197176A/en active Pending
- 2009-10-19 JP JP2011533671A patent/JP2012506959A/en active Pending
- 2009-10-19 WO PCT/EP2009/063653 patent/WO2010049304A1/en active Application Filing
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BRPI0914025A2 (en) | 2015-11-03 |
| DE102008043222A1 (en) | 2010-04-29 |
| JP2012506959A (en) | 2012-03-22 |
| KR20110079850A (en) | 2011-07-08 |
| CN102197176A (en) | 2011-09-21 |
| WO2010049304A1 (en) | 2010-05-06 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |
Effective date: 20141021 |