CA2563802A1 - Nonwoven composites and related products and methods - Google Patents
Nonwoven composites and related products and methods Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2563802A1 CA2563802A1 CA002563802A CA2563802A CA2563802A1 CA 2563802 A1 CA2563802 A1 CA 2563802A1 CA 002563802 A CA002563802 A CA 002563802A CA 2563802 A CA2563802 A CA 2563802A CA 2563802 A1 CA2563802 A1 CA 2563802A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- substrate
- catalytic
- catalytic substrate
- fibers
- alumina
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims 11
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract 53
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract 45
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract 10
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract 9
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims 21
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 10
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 6
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 claims 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000012784 inorganic fiber Substances 0.000 claims 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012802 pre-warming Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000011118 depth filtration Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/12—Silica and alumina
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
- B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
- B01D39/2068—Other inorganic materials, e.g. ceramics
- B01D39/2082—Other inorganic materials, e.g. ceramics the material being filamentary or fibrous
- B01D39/2089—Other inorganic materials, e.g. ceramics the material being filamentary or fibrous otherwise bonded, e.g. by resins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/944—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or carbon making use of oxidation catalysts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
- B01J35/58—Fabrics or filaments
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0215—Coating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/01—Engine exhaust gases
- B01D2258/012—Diesel engines and lean burn gasoline engines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
- F01N2330/06—Ceramic, e.g. monoliths
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
- F01N2330/10—Fibrous material, e.g. mineral or metallic wool
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
- F01N2330/10—Fibrous material, e.g. mineral or metallic wool
- F01N2330/101—Fibrous material, e.g. mineral or metallic wool using binders, e.g. to form a permeable mat, paper or the like
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
- F01N2330/14—Sintered material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Porous Artificial Stone Or Porous Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Filtering Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention in certain embodiments is directed to a catalytic substrate suitable for use in a number of applications, including as a substrate in a catalytic converter. Another aspect of the present invention is a filtering substrate suitable for use in a number of applications, including as a substrate in a particulate filter, such as a diesel particulate filter (DPF), or diesel particulate trap (DPT). The invention also provides an improved substrate for removing and/or eliminating pollutants from the exhaust of combustion engines. The catalytic substrate and filtering substrate provide, in certain embodiments, improvements in removing pollutants from an exhaust gas. The improvements include one or more of the following: faster light-off period, depth filtration of PM, less backpressure, lower probability of clogging, ability to be placed in multiple locations in the exhaust system including the manifold or the head itself, high probability of catalytic reaction, high conversion ratios of NOx, HC, and CO, a faster burnoff of PM, minimization of catalyst material use, and the like.
Claims (47)
1. A catalytic or filtering substrate comprising a non-woven sintered refractory fibrous ceramic composite and a catalyst, optionally further comprising a washcoat, and optionally further comprising a plurality of channels.
2. The catalytic substrate of claim 1, wherein said composite comprises alumina-boria-silica fibers.
3. The catalytic substrate of claim 1, wherein said composite comprises alumina-zirconia fibers.
4. The catalytic substrate of claim 1, wherein said composite comprises alumina-boria-silica fibers and alumina fibers.
5. The catalytic substrate of claim 1, wherein said composite comprises alumina-oxide fibers.
6. The catalytic substrate of claim 1, wherein said composite comprises silica-oxide fibers.
7. The catalytic substrate of claim 1, wherein said composite comprises aluminaboriasilica fibers, silica fibers, and alumina fibers.
8. The catalytic substrate of claim 1, wherein said composite comprises from about 50 to about 90% silica, from about 5 to about 50%
alumina, and from about 10 to about 25% aluminoborosilicate.
alumina, and from about 10 to about 25% aluminoborosilicate.
9. The catalytic substrate of claim 1, wherein said composite is a alumina enhanced thermal barrier (AETB) composite.
10. The catalytic substrate of claim 9, where said AETB is selected from the group consisting of AETB-8, AETB-12, and AETB-14, and
11. The catalytic substrate of claim 1, wherein said composite comprises an Orbital Ceramics Thermal Barrier (OCTB) composite.
12. The catalytic substrate of any of claims 1-11, wherein said composite comprises a boron binder.
13. The catalytic substrate of any of claims 1-12, wherein said catalyst comprises a metal catalyst.
14. The catalytic substrate of any of claims 1-13, wherein said catalyst is selected from the group consisting of palladium, platinum, rhodium, mixtures thereof, and derivatives thereof.
15. The catalytic substrate of any of claims 1-14, further wherein said catalyst is present in an amount of about 1 to about 50 g/ft3.
16. The catalytic substrate of any of claims 1-15, wherein said washcoat comprises alumina oxide.
17. The catalytic substrate of any of claims 1-16, comprising a plurality of channels extending longitudinally through the substrate, and wherein said substrate comprises a wall flow configuration, a flow through configuration, or a combination thereof.
18. The catalytic substrate of any of claims 1-17, having about 100 to about 100,000 channels per square inch.
19. The catalytic substrate of any of claims 1-18, having about 600 channels per square inch.
20. The catalytic substrate of any of claims 1-19 wherein said channels comprise a square, triangular, hexagonal shape, and further have a longitudinal cross-sectional area shape of substantially rectangular, trapezoidal, or triangular.
21. The catalytic substrate of any of claims 1-20 having frontal surface area of about 1 square inch to about 50 square inches.
22. The catalytic substrate of any of claims 1-21 suitable for use in a commercially available catalytic converter or diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC).
23. The catalytic substrate of any of claims 1-21 suitable for use with a stationary engine.
24. The catalytic substrate of any of claims 1-21 suitable for use in a head-cat, mani-cat, or pre-cat.
25. The catalytic substrate of any of claims 1-21 having a density of about 6 to about 16 lb/ft3.
26. The catalytic substrate of any of claims 1-25 wherein said substrate has an emissivity of about 0.8 to about 0.95.
27. The catalytic substrate of any of claims 1-26 wherein said substrate has a porosity of about 90% to about 99%.
28. The catalytic substrate of any of claims 1-27 further comprising an oxygen storing oxide.
29. The catalytic substrate of any of claims 1-28, wherein said substrate produces a pressure drop less than a pressure drop produced by cordierite.
30. A catalytic converter comprising a catalytic substrate of any of claims 1-29.
31. The catalytic converter of claim 30, wherein said converter is suitable for use on a commercial automobile.
32. The catalytic converter of claim 31, wherein said converter is selected from the group consisting of a main cat, a pre-cat, a back-cat, or a mani-cat.
33. A particulate filter comprising a catalytic substrate or filtering substrate of any of claims 1-29.
34. The particulate filter of claim 33 wherein said filter is a diesel particulate filter.
35. A method of catalyzing a reaction, comprising exposing flow of one or more fluids to a catalytic substrate or catalytic converter of any one of claims 1-32.
36. The method according to claim 35 wherein said fluid is an exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine.
37. The method according to claim 36, wherein said exhaust gas comprises one or more the six criteria pollutants.
38. A method of filtering a gas, comprising exposing a flow of one or more fluids to a filtering substrate, catalytic substrate, particulate filter, or catalytic converter of any of claims 1-34.
39. The method according to claim 38 wherein said fluid is an exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine.
40. The method according to claim 39, wherein said exhaust gas comprises one or more the six criteria pollutants.
41. A process of preparing a catalytic or filtering substrate according to any one of claims 1-29, comprising heating a plurality of refractory silica fibers, refractory alumina fibers, and refractory aluminoborosilicate fibers; mixing said fibers; washing said fibers;optionally chopping said fibers to one or more lengths; blending or mixing the chopped fibers into a slurry; adjusting the viscosity of said slurry, preferably by adding thickening agent; adding a dispersant; adding the slurry to a mold; removing water the slurry to form a green billet; removing the green billet from the mold; drying the green billet in oven, preferably drying at a temperature of about 250 °F to about 500 °F; heating, preferably prewarming and incrementally heating, the green billet in an oven at approximately 2000-2500°
F; optionally machining said billet; optionally forming a plurality of channels in said billet; optionally adding a catalyst; and optionally adding a washcoat to form said substrate
F; optionally machining said billet; optionally forming a plurality of channels in said billet; optionally adding a catalyst; and optionally adding a washcoat to form said substrate
42. A process of preparing a filtering substrate according to any of claims 1-29, comprising machining a plurality of channels in a non-woven sintered refractory fibrous ceramic composite, wherein said machining comprises using a combing method to form or shape said channels.
43. A filtering substrate prepared according to the process of claim 42 or 43.
44. A composition comprising refractory grade alumina fibers, refractory grade silica fibers, refractory grade aluminaboriasilica fibers, water, and a catalyst.
45. A composition of claim 44 wherein said fibers had an average length of about 10 microns.
46. A composition of claim 44 wherein said alumina will comprise approximately 50 90 percent of the inorganic fiber mix; the alumina fiber will comprise approximately 5-50 percent of the inorganic fiber mix; and the aluminaboriasilica will comprise approximately 10-25 percent.
47. An improved engine exhaust system, the improvement comprising a catalytic substrate, a filtering substrate, a catalytic converter, or a particulate filter of any of claims 1-34.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2004/012963 WO2005113126A1 (en) | 2004-04-28 | 2004-04-28 | Nonwoven composites and related products and methods |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA2563802A1 true CA2563802A1 (en) | 2005-12-01 |
CA2563802C CA2563802C (en) | 2011-01-04 |
Family
ID=35428280
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA2563802A Expired - Fee Related CA2563802C (en) | 2004-04-28 | 2004-04-28 | Nonwoven composites and related products and methods |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1740300A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5028257B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR101152320B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1976749B (en) |
AU (1) | AU2004319871B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0418706A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2563802C (en) |
MX (1) | MXPA06012525A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2005113126A1 (en) |
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-
2004
- 2004-04-28 KR KR1020067023927A patent/KR101152320B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-04-28 WO PCT/US2004/012963 patent/WO2005113126A1/en active Application Filing
- 2004-04-28 BR BRPI0418706-7A patent/BRPI0418706A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-04-28 CA CA2563802A patent/CA2563802C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-04-28 CN CN2004800434768A patent/CN1976749B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-04-28 EP EP04750753A patent/EP1740300A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-04-28 MX MXPA06012525A patent/MXPA06012525A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2004-04-28 AU AU2004319871A patent/AU2004319871B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2004-04-28 JP JP2007510671A patent/JP5028257B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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CA2563802C (en) | 2011-01-04 |
KR20070021204A (en) | 2007-02-22 |
KR101152320B1 (en) | 2012-06-13 |
WO2005113126A1 (en) | 2005-12-01 |
CN1976749B (en) | 2012-05-30 |
BRPI0418706A (en) | 2007-09-11 |
AU2004319871A1 (en) | 2005-12-01 |
CN1976749A (en) | 2007-06-06 |
EP1740300A1 (en) | 2007-01-10 |
EP1740300A4 (en) | 2012-04-18 |
JP5028257B2 (en) | 2012-09-19 |
MXPA06012525A (en) | 2006-12-15 |
JP2007534483A (en) | 2007-11-29 |
AU2004319871B2 (en) | 2010-04-22 |
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