CA2415388C - Flexibly mounted high-temperature fuel cell - Google Patents
Flexibly mounted high-temperature fuel cell Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2415388C CA2415388C CA2415388A CA2415388A CA2415388C CA 2415388 C CA2415388 C CA 2415388C CA 2415388 A CA2415388 A CA 2415388A CA 2415388 A CA2415388 A CA 2415388A CA 2415388 C CA2415388 C CA 2415388C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- anode
- fuel cell
- temperature fuel
- interconnector
- cathode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M8/1213—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the electrode/electrolyte combination or the supporting material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0206—Metals or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0206—Metals or alloys
- H01M8/0208—Alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0247—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the form
- H01M8/0254—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the form corrugated or undulated
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
- H01M8/0273—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes with sealing or supporting means in the form of a frame
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
- H01M8/0276—Sealing means characterised by their form
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
- H01M8/028—Sealing means characterised by their material
- H01M8/0282—Inorganic material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
- H01M8/2425—High-temperature cells with solid electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9016—Oxides, hydroxides or oxygenated metallic salts
- H01M4/9025—Oxides specially used in fuel cell operating at high temperature, e.g. SOFC
- H01M4/9033—Complex oxides, optionally doped, of the type M1MeO3, M1 being an alkaline earth metal or a rare earth, Me being a metal, e.g. perovskites
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0236—Glass; Ceramics; Cermets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0241—Composites
- H01M8/0245—Composites in the form of layered or coated products
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M8/124—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte
- H01M8/1246—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte the electrolyte consisting of oxides
- H01M8/1253—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte the electrolyte consisting of oxides the electrolyte containing zirconium oxide
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
- H01M8/2425—High-temperature cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/243—Grouping of unit cells of tubular or cylindrical configuration
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Hybrid Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a high temperature fuel cell, comprising an anode (1, 1a), an electrolyte (2), a cathode (3), a cathode interconnection (5) and an anode interconnection (8). At least one elastic mass (11) is arranged between the anode and anode interconnection to absorb relative movements.
Description
Flexibly Mounted High-Temperature Fuel Cell The present invention relates to a high-temperature fuel cell.
A fuel cell incorporates a cathode, an electrolyte, and an anode. An oxidizing agent, e.g., air, is routed to the cathode, and fuel, e.g. hydrogen, is routed to the anode.
There are various types of fuel cells; these include the SOFC described in DE
44 30 958 C1, and the PEM fuel cell that is described in DE 195 31 852 C1.
The SOFC is also referred to as a high-temperature fuel cell since its operating temperature can reach 1000 C. Oxygen ions form on the cathode of a high-temperature fuel cell in the presence of the oxidizing agent. The oxygen ions diffuse through the electrolyte and recombine with the hydrogen that originates from the fuel to form water on the anode side. Electrons are liberated during this recombination, and electrical energy is generated thereby.
As a rule, a plurality of fuel cells are connected together electrically and mechanically by connecting elements-also referred to as inter-connectors-in order to generate large amounts of electrical power. One example of a connecting element is the bipolar plate. Fuel cells that the stacked one above the other and electrically connected in series are formed using bipolar plates. This arrangement is referred to as a fuel-cell stack. The fuel-cell stacks comprise the interconnectors and the electrode-electrolyte units.
In addition to their electrical and mechanical characteristics, interconnectors incorporate gas-distribution structures. In the case of the bipolar plate, these are realized in the form of bars with electrode contact that separate the gas channels used to supply the electrodes from each other (DE 44 10 711 Cl). Gas-distribution structures ensure that the operating medium is distributed evenly into the electrode spaces (the spaces in which the electrodes are located).
The following problems can arise with fuel cells and fuel-cell stacks:
metal bipolar plates with a high aluminum content form A1203 covering layers that can act as an undesirable electrical insulator;
A fuel cell incorporates a cathode, an electrolyte, and an anode. An oxidizing agent, e.g., air, is routed to the cathode, and fuel, e.g. hydrogen, is routed to the anode.
There are various types of fuel cells; these include the SOFC described in DE
44 30 958 C1, and the PEM fuel cell that is described in DE 195 31 852 C1.
The SOFC is also referred to as a high-temperature fuel cell since its operating temperature can reach 1000 C. Oxygen ions form on the cathode of a high-temperature fuel cell in the presence of the oxidizing agent. The oxygen ions diffuse through the electrolyte and recombine with the hydrogen that originates from the fuel to form water on the anode side. Electrons are liberated during this recombination, and electrical energy is generated thereby.
As a rule, a plurality of fuel cells are connected together electrically and mechanically by connecting elements-also referred to as inter-connectors-in order to generate large amounts of electrical power. One example of a connecting element is the bipolar plate. Fuel cells that the stacked one above the other and electrically connected in series are formed using bipolar plates. This arrangement is referred to as a fuel-cell stack. The fuel-cell stacks comprise the interconnectors and the electrode-electrolyte units.
In addition to their electrical and mechanical characteristics, interconnectors incorporate gas-distribution structures. In the case of the bipolar plate, these are realized in the form of bars with electrode contact that separate the gas channels used to supply the electrodes from each other (DE 44 10 711 Cl). Gas-distribution structures ensure that the operating medium is distributed evenly into the electrode spaces (the spaces in which the electrodes are located).
The following problems can arise with fuel cells and fuel-cell stacks:
metal bipolar plates with a high aluminum content form A1203 covering layers that can act as an undesirable electrical insulator;
- thermal stresses that are accompanied by relative movement of the individual components generally occur during cyclical temperature loads; these result from the various expansion behaviours or the different coefficients of expansion associated with the materials that are used during operation;
in the prior art, glass bonds that are of low elasticity are used to seal the individual components of a fuel cell. Because of this, as a result of thermal stresses, there is a risk that cracks will form and there will be a loss of adhesion.
In this regard, in the prior art there is still no adequate compatibility between the comparatively high coefficients of expansion of, for example, the metallic bipolar plates and the electrode materials known at this time, the coefficients of expansion of which are comparatively small. On the one hand, thermal stresses can occur between electrodes and interconnectors, and these can result in damage within the fuel cells. On the other hand, this also applies to the glass bonds that are intended to ensure the integrity of the fuel cells, and that are frequently used in fuel cells.
in the prior art, glass bonds that are of low elasticity are used to seal the individual components of a fuel cell. Because of this, as a result of thermal stresses, there is a risk that cracks will form and there will be a loss of adhesion.
In this regard, in the prior art there is still no adequate compatibility between the comparatively high coefficients of expansion of, for example, the metallic bipolar plates and the electrode materials known at this time, the coefficients of expansion of which are comparatively small. On the one hand, thermal stresses can occur between electrodes and interconnectors, and these can result in damage within the fuel cells. On the other hand, this also applies to the glass bonds that are intended to ensure the integrity of the fuel cells, and that are frequently used in fuel cells.
For this reason, it is the objective of some embodiments to present a fuel cell in which long-term stable mechanical-electrical contact with the cathodes and anodes by the interconnectors is ensured. Problems that are based on thermal stresses, e.g., inadequate sealing, are to be precluded.
This objective can be achieved by a high-temperature fuel cell. This comprises an anode, an electrolyte, and a cathode, as well as a cathode interconnector and an anode interconnector, there being at least one elastic medium arranged between the anode and the anode interconnector to absorb relative movements. Because of this, thermal stresses on the anode side that result from the different expansion behaviours of the individual components are balanced out.
It is, advantageous that the cathode interconnector has a projecting surface that contacts the cathode. The effect of this projecting surface is that the cathode interconnector has an encircling edge, the height of which is smaller in cross section that it is on the cathode contact surface. The result of this is that there is a certain freedom of movement for the electrodes on the cathode side. The expansion behaviour of the materials, and in particular thermal stresses, can then be evened out better on the anode side and the cathode side.
It is particularly advantageous that there be an additional elastic medium between the cathode interconnector and the electrolyte, this being, in particular, a corrugated, perforated plate. Because of this, the electrodes and the electrolyte are freely suspended and particularly great freedom of movement is achieved for the electrodes. This means that the bending of the individual components that frequently occurs during operation is prevented. The perforated plate does not have to be corrugated overall, but can have a flat edge in order that it can be better stabilized by other components of the fuel cell.
The cathode can be of a smaller area than the anode. Because of this, on the surfaces that are not covered by the cathode the perforated plate can contact the electrolyte through its troughs so as to form a gas tight contact. This means that the cathode is protected against pressure and damage. Because of the gas-tight contact, it is possible to dispense with the glass ceramics that are used in the prior art in order to seal the gaps between the fuel cell and the interconnectors that separate the cathode space from the anode space. Because of their different expansion behaviours, these joints are particularly critical, and entail the above-discussed disadvantages with respect to the formation of cracks. The elasticity of the perforated plate can be varied with respect to its thickness, the angle of slope of the corrugations, and the number of corrugations. The profile of the corrugations is compressed between of the cathode interconnector and the electrolyte after assembly of the high-temperature fuel cell, so that ultimately pressure is exerted on the anode. This brings about the desired sealing effect between the cathode space and the anode space. The perforated plate can be of a high-temperature alloy, in particular an iron-chromium-aluminum alloy, e.g., Aluchrom YHf (Material No.
1.4767), or a nickel based alloy, e.g., Nicrofer 6025 HT (Material No.
2.4633). What is important is that the material be highly creep resistant and sufficiently elastic at high temperatures.
The cathode interconnector can be connected to the anode interconnector through a frame, so as to be electrically isolated from it. The frame fulfills the function of an insulating connecting element and a spacer for the interconnectors. When the high-temperature fuel cell is pressed together, the maximal force that can be exerted on the perforated plate on the cathode side and the additional elastic medium on the anode side is limited by the frame.
The frame can be connected to the perforated plate. To this end, the perforated plate should have a flat edge. The connection can be established by way of a soldering or welding process. Since, because of the projecting surface, the height of the cathode interconnector is smaller in cross section at its edge than at the cathode contact surface, on the edge in question, the cathode interconnector can contact the corrugated plate all around its flat edge. This results in mechanical stabilization of the perforated plate.
A glass ceramic layer can be arranged between the troughs of the perforated plate and the electrolyte. This layer serves to increase the tightness of the seal between the troughs and the electrolyte, and to create sealed and gas-tight electrode chambers.
It is preferred that the frame be of an iron-based alloy that contains aluminum. Such a frame can be annealed above 10000C while air is being supplied to it. After this process, the surface of the frame has an electrically insulating aluminum oxide layer. The surface of the frame can thus very simply be made electrically insulating. A medium for insulating the frame can also be arranged between the frame and the anode interconnector. A glass ceramic layer can be used as such a medium.
Since the frame and the interconnector exhibit very similar expansion behaviour at high temperatures, this location for a seal with a glass ceramic is less critical. However, it is also possible to use a layer of mica as a medium for insulating the frame electrically.
This can be applied using a suitable paste technique. Because of its stratified structure, such a mica layer is sufficiently elastic, and this avoids the formation of cracks and a loss of adhesion during operation. If such an additional medium is used, one is not restricted to iron-based alloys that contain aluminum when selecting the material for the frame.
An electrically insulating medium can also be arranged between the frame and the anode. The electrically insulating medium is so arranged that it ensures electrical insulation between the frame and the anode and prevents short circuits. As a rule, the space between the frame and the anode is small once the high-temperature fuel cell has been assembled; this insulating medium may be necessary for this reason. The anode can have a glass-ceramic layer as the medium for electrical insulation. This can be applied to the sides that face the frame. Glass ceramics can be applied in a simple manner. However, insulation between the anode and the frame can also be ensured by the electrolyte. To this end, the anode must be coated with the electrolyte as far as the side that is opposite the cathode. Electrical insulation is ensured because of the material of the electrolyte that consists, for example, of yttrium-stabilized ZrO2.
According to an embodiment of the application, at least one elastic medium for absorbing relative movement can be arranged between the anode interconnector and the anode. This can be a corrugated, elastic foil that incorporates openings. The material can consist of a high-temperature alloy, in particular an iron-chromium-aluminum alloy, e.g., Aluchrom YHf, or a nickel-based alloy such as Nicrofer 6025 HT. It is important that the material be highly creep resistant and sufficiently elastic at high temperatures. In addition, the foil incorporates openings. These openings can be punched out of the foil before it is shaped. The openings serve to supply the anode with fuel. If, for example, the anode is formed as a bipolar plate, the fuel flows out of gas channels, through the openings in the foil, and onto the anode.
In one further embodiment of the present invention, provision is made such that the foil has nickel-aluminum alloys on both sides, at least in part. To this end, the elastic foil is joined on both sides to foils that contain 99% nickel. Because of the high temperature resistance of the nickel, the nickel-aluminum alloys ensure that the foil will possess good electrical conductivity, which will remain stable over a long period, on its surface.
It is advantageous that the anode interconnector contain aluminum. This results in additional possibilities for ensuring the electrical conductivity between the anode interconnector and the elastic medium or the anode. The anode interconnector can also contain nickel-aluminum alloys, at least in part. To this end, at least one foil that contains nickel must be connected to the contact surfaces of the anode interconnector for the anode by the formation of alloy. This can either be the shaped foil that has the nickel-aluminum alloys, the troughs of which are connected to the anode interconnector by the formation of alloy, or other nickel foils can be connected with the anode interconnector by the formation of alloy. The anode interconnector thus contains nickel aluminum alloys, at least in part, on the contact surfaces to the corrugated foil.
The nickel-aluminum alloys can, for example, be nickel aluminides (e.g., NiAI, NiAI2, Ni3AI). Generally speaking, when used as contact layers in high-temperature fuel cells, such nickel-aluminum alloys offer the following advantages:
Nickel-aluminum alloys act as diffusion barriers for alloy components of the steels used for interconnectors and other components of the fuel cell and avoid the formation of low-conductivity corrosion products (e.g., aluminum oxide) on boundary surfaces, for example, between the anode interconnector and the nickel coating of the foil.
Nickel-aluminum alloys are resistant to high temperatures (e.g., the melting point of NiAI is 1638 C).
Nickel-aluminum alloys are electrically conductive to a sufficient degree.
Low material and machining costs.
The formation of insulating aluminum oxide layers is avoided because of the properties of the nickel-aluminum alloys. From this it follows that a reduction of contact resistance or a high level of conductivity on the anode side is achieved by the nickel aluminum alloys, and this leads to contact, particularly in the fuel-cell stack, that is stable over a long period.
It has been shown that hot-pressing methods at temperatures of up to 1150 C are particularly well-suited for producing nickel-aluminum alloys that are stable for a long period. Welding methods carried out in an atmosphere of protective gas as well as, to some extent, plasma spraying methods can also be used.
A further possibility for producing nickel-aluminum alloys is to use a galvanic nickel plating process. The nickel plated surface is subsequently annealed in a vacuum with the formation of nickel-aluminum alloys, preferably at 1150 C.
An elastic nickel grid can be arranged between the anode and the anode ihterconnector. The nickel grid not only evens out relative movements between the anode and the interconnector; it also offers the .added advantage that it ensures electrical contact with the anode evenly through the grid points of the grid itself and thus balances out the above-described disadvantageous manufacturing tolerances. It is also possible to have both elastic media, which is to say the nickel grid and the corrugated foil, arranged on the anode side.
Finally a cathode contact layer can be arranged between the cathode interconnector and the cathode. This can lie flush on the cathode. During the joining process, this layer can serve, on the one hand, to balance out tolerances,.and on the other can serve as a diffusion barrier for chromium that is vapourizing out of the cathode interconnector.
A fuel cell stack comprises at least two such high-temperature fuel cells.
This achieves higher power outputs.
The present invention will be described in greater detail below on the basis of two embodiments shown in the drawings appended hereto. These drawings show the following:
Figure 1: A cross-section through a high-temperature fuel cell with a corrugated foil that. absorbs relative movements;
Figure 2: A cross-section through a high-temperature fuel cell with a nickel grid to absorb relative movements.
On the right-hand side of both the drawings there is a circular cross-sectional enlargement that is provided to show more clearly those components that are located close together.
In Figure 1, the anode 1 consists of NiO and 8YSZ-stabilized Zr02, It is 1500 pm thick, so that the anode is configured as an anode substrate and performs a supporting function. The anode function layer la is 5 pm thick and is of the same material as the anode 1. The anode function layer la is of a lower porosity than the anode 1 so as to ensure an even coating with the electrolyte 2 of 8 YSZ. The anode 1 is completely coated with the electrolyte 2 down as far as the lower base surface. This coating is at least pm thick. The electrolyte 2 is of a sufficiently low electrical conductivity to isolate the anode 1 from its adjacent components in the fuel cell as far as the anode interconnector 8. The area of the cathode 3 is smaller than the anode 1, and is arranged on the electrolyte 2. In its standard form, this consists of La0,66 Sr03 Mn03 and its layer thickness is 40 pm; it consists, for example, of LaCoO3 and it is 75 pm thick; it is shown only in the section enlargement. Amongst other things, manufacturing tolerances that originate during the production of bipolar plates or electrode-electrolyte units can be evened out by the cathode contact layer 4, so that low-conductivity contact points between the cathode 3 and the cathode interconnector 5 are avoided.
The cathode contact layer 4 is contacted through a projecting surface 5a of the cathode interconnector 5. Because of the projecting surface 5a, the cathode interconnector 5 has a circumferential edge, the height of which-in cross section-is smaller than on the aforementioned projecting surface 5a.
A steel, Material No. 1.4742, can be used as the material for this. The cathode interconnector 5 is in the form of a bipolar plate. The gas channels are indicated by the dashed-dotted line 6. The flow of gas runs in the horizontal plane, for example, from left to right. On the edge in question, the cathode interconnector is connected to an anode interconnector through a frame 7 so as to be electrically insulating. The frame 7 can be of an iron-based alloy. It is connected through an electrically insulating layer 9 to the anode interconnector 8. On the cathode side, the frame 7 is connected to a perforated plate 10 which is flat on the edges and which possesses elastic properties and which, for the remainder, is corrugated; the troughs of this corrugated plate 10 contact the electrolyte 2 all round on the surfaces that are not covered by the cathode 3, so as to be gas tight. The crests of the perforated plate 10 contact the cathode interconnector 5 on its edge which, as discussed above, is of a lesser height in cross section than the projecting surface 5a, which contacts the cathode contact layer 4. The perforated plate is of Nicrofer , and is 100 pm thick. However, the thickness can vary between 50 and 300 pm. All in all, the perforated plate 10 has four troughs to provide a gas-type contact, although more or fewer corrugations can be used. The gas-tight electrode chambers are formed thereby. On the contact surface with the anode interconnector 8, the frame 7 has an electrically insulating medium 9, e.g., of glass ceramic or mica. The anode interconnector 8 is also in the form of a bipolar plate, and incorporates gas channels 13 that are separated from each other by the bars 14. The operating media for the anode and cathode are thus supplied in a cross-flow pattern. A parallel gas feed (direct or counter-flow pattern) can also be used. A more homogenous temperature distribution across the fuel cell can be anticipated if a parallel gas feed is used. The bars 14 contact the anode.
Between the anode interconnector 8 and the anode 1 there is an elastic medium 11 that is in the form of a corrugated elastic foil that incorporates openings. This absorbs relative movements between the anode and the anode interconnector, and serves to balance out the expansion of the individual components that is brought about by thermal stresses. The foil 11 can be of Aluchrom YHf or Nicrofer 6025HT, and can be, for example, 100 pm thick, although this can vary between 50 and 300 pm. The openings serve to supply the anode 1 with fuel. The fuel flows out of the gas channels 13 in the anode interconnector 8, through the openings in the foil 11, to the anode 1. The foil contains nickel-aluminum alloys 12 on both sides to reduce contact resistance. The anode-side foil 11, the cathode-side perforated plate 10, and the projecting contact surface 5a of the cathode interconnector 5 thus ensure equalization of the v.a. thermal stresses that occur during recycling.
Figure 2 differs from Figure 1 with respect to the electrical insulation of the frame 17, the material of the frame itself, as well as the elastic medium 21 that is arranged between the anode interconnector 8 and the anode 1, so as to absorb relative movements.
In Figure 2, the frame 17 consists of an iron-based alloy that contains aluminum, e.g., Aluchrom YHf. It is connected to the anode interconnector 8 and has an electrically insulating layer 19 of aluminum oxide on its upper surface. The proportion of 5% aluminum in the frame is sufficient to form this electrically insulating covering layer 19 of aluminum oxide by annealing at 1000 C during the addition of air. The insulating covering layer 19 completely covers the surface of the frame 17, and is for this reason shown as an enclosing layer. In Figure 2, frame 17 is sufficiently high that additional elastic medium for absorbing relative movements can be arranged between of the anode interconnector 8 and the anode 1. In Figure 2, this is an elastic nickel grid 21 that is 250 pm thick and has a mesh size of 200 pm.
The diameter of the wire is 125 pm. The fuel flows out of the gas channels 13 of the anode interconnector 8, through the mesh of the nickel grid 21, to the anode 1.
The embodiments that are shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 can be combined with each other without restriction. Thus, in Figure 1, there can be a frame 17 that contains aluminum, as is described with respect to Figure 2. On the other hand, in Figure 2, a frame 7 such as the one described in Figure 1 can be used .
This objective can be achieved by a high-temperature fuel cell. This comprises an anode, an electrolyte, and a cathode, as well as a cathode interconnector and an anode interconnector, there being at least one elastic medium arranged between the anode and the anode interconnector to absorb relative movements. Because of this, thermal stresses on the anode side that result from the different expansion behaviours of the individual components are balanced out.
It is, advantageous that the cathode interconnector has a projecting surface that contacts the cathode. The effect of this projecting surface is that the cathode interconnector has an encircling edge, the height of which is smaller in cross section that it is on the cathode contact surface. The result of this is that there is a certain freedom of movement for the electrodes on the cathode side. The expansion behaviour of the materials, and in particular thermal stresses, can then be evened out better on the anode side and the cathode side.
It is particularly advantageous that there be an additional elastic medium between the cathode interconnector and the electrolyte, this being, in particular, a corrugated, perforated plate. Because of this, the electrodes and the electrolyte are freely suspended and particularly great freedom of movement is achieved for the electrodes. This means that the bending of the individual components that frequently occurs during operation is prevented. The perforated plate does not have to be corrugated overall, but can have a flat edge in order that it can be better stabilized by other components of the fuel cell.
The cathode can be of a smaller area than the anode. Because of this, on the surfaces that are not covered by the cathode the perforated plate can contact the electrolyte through its troughs so as to form a gas tight contact. This means that the cathode is protected against pressure and damage. Because of the gas-tight contact, it is possible to dispense with the glass ceramics that are used in the prior art in order to seal the gaps between the fuel cell and the interconnectors that separate the cathode space from the anode space. Because of their different expansion behaviours, these joints are particularly critical, and entail the above-discussed disadvantages with respect to the formation of cracks. The elasticity of the perforated plate can be varied with respect to its thickness, the angle of slope of the corrugations, and the number of corrugations. The profile of the corrugations is compressed between of the cathode interconnector and the electrolyte after assembly of the high-temperature fuel cell, so that ultimately pressure is exerted on the anode. This brings about the desired sealing effect between the cathode space and the anode space. The perforated plate can be of a high-temperature alloy, in particular an iron-chromium-aluminum alloy, e.g., Aluchrom YHf (Material No.
1.4767), or a nickel based alloy, e.g., Nicrofer 6025 HT (Material No.
2.4633). What is important is that the material be highly creep resistant and sufficiently elastic at high temperatures.
The cathode interconnector can be connected to the anode interconnector through a frame, so as to be electrically isolated from it. The frame fulfills the function of an insulating connecting element and a spacer for the interconnectors. When the high-temperature fuel cell is pressed together, the maximal force that can be exerted on the perforated plate on the cathode side and the additional elastic medium on the anode side is limited by the frame.
The frame can be connected to the perforated plate. To this end, the perforated plate should have a flat edge. The connection can be established by way of a soldering or welding process. Since, because of the projecting surface, the height of the cathode interconnector is smaller in cross section at its edge than at the cathode contact surface, on the edge in question, the cathode interconnector can contact the corrugated plate all around its flat edge. This results in mechanical stabilization of the perforated plate.
A glass ceramic layer can be arranged between the troughs of the perforated plate and the electrolyte. This layer serves to increase the tightness of the seal between the troughs and the electrolyte, and to create sealed and gas-tight electrode chambers.
It is preferred that the frame be of an iron-based alloy that contains aluminum. Such a frame can be annealed above 10000C while air is being supplied to it. After this process, the surface of the frame has an electrically insulating aluminum oxide layer. The surface of the frame can thus very simply be made electrically insulating. A medium for insulating the frame can also be arranged between the frame and the anode interconnector. A glass ceramic layer can be used as such a medium.
Since the frame and the interconnector exhibit very similar expansion behaviour at high temperatures, this location for a seal with a glass ceramic is less critical. However, it is also possible to use a layer of mica as a medium for insulating the frame electrically.
This can be applied using a suitable paste technique. Because of its stratified structure, such a mica layer is sufficiently elastic, and this avoids the formation of cracks and a loss of adhesion during operation. If such an additional medium is used, one is not restricted to iron-based alloys that contain aluminum when selecting the material for the frame.
An electrically insulating medium can also be arranged between the frame and the anode. The electrically insulating medium is so arranged that it ensures electrical insulation between the frame and the anode and prevents short circuits. As a rule, the space between the frame and the anode is small once the high-temperature fuel cell has been assembled; this insulating medium may be necessary for this reason. The anode can have a glass-ceramic layer as the medium for electrical insulation. This can be applied to the sides that face the frame. Glass ceramics can be applied in a simple manner. However, insulation between the anode and the frame can also be ensured by the electrolyte. To this end, the anode must be coated with the electrolyte as far as the side that is opposite the cathode. Electrical insulation is ensured because of the material of the electrolyte that consists, for example, of yttrium-stabilized ZrO2.
According to an embodiment of the application, at least one elastic medium for absorbing relative movement can be arranged between the anode interconnector and the anode. This can be a corrugated, elastic foil that incorporates openings. The material can consist of a high-temperature alloy, in particular an iron-chromium-aluminum alloy, e.g., Aluchrom YHf, or a nickel-based alloy such as Nicrofer 6025 HT. It is important that the material be highly creep resistant and sufficiently elastic at high temperatures. In addition, the foil incorporates openings. These openings can be punched out of the foil before it is shaped. The openings serve to supply the anode with fuel. If, for example, the anode is formed as a bipolar plate, the fuel flows out of gas channels, through the openings in the foil, and onto the anode.
In one further embodiment of the present invention, provision is made such that the foil has nickel-aluminum alloys on both sides, at least in part. To this end, the elastic foil is joined on both sides to foils that contain 99% nickel. Because of the high temperature resistance of the nickel, the nickel-aluminum alloys ensure that the foil will possess good electrical conductivity, which will remain stable over a long period, on its surface.
It is advantageous that the anode interconnector contain aluminum. This results in additional possibilities for ensuring the electrical conductivity between the anode interconnector and the elastic medium or the anode. The anode interconnector can also contain nickel-aluminum alloys, at least in part. To this end, at least one foil that contains nickel must be connected to the contact surfaces of the anode interconnector for the anode by the formation of alloy. This can either be the shaped foil that has the nickel-aluminum alloys, the troughs of which are connected to the anode interconnector by the formation of alloy, or other nickel foils can be connected with the anode interconnector by the formation of alloy. The anode interconnector thus contains nickel aluminum alloys, at least in part, on the contact surfaces to the corrugated foil.
The nickel-aluminum alloys can, for example, be nickel aluminides (e.g., NiAI, NiAI2, Ni3AI). Generally speaking, when used as contact layers in high-temperature fuel cells, such nickel-aluminum alloys offer the following advantages:
Nickel-aluminum alloys act as diffusion barriers for alloy components of the steels used for interconnectors and other components of the fuel cell and avoid the formation of low-conductivity corrosion products (e.g., aluminum oxide) on boundary surfaces, for example, between the anode interconnector and the nickel coating of the foil.
Nickel-aluminum alloys are resistant to high temperatures (e.g., the melting point of NiAI is 1638 C).
Nickel-aluminum alloys are electrically conductive to a sufficient degree.
Low material and machining costs.
The formation of insulating aluminum oxide layers is avoided because of the properties of the nickel-aluminum alloys. From this it follows that a reduction of contact resistance or a high level of conductivity on the anode side is achieved by the nickel aluminum alloys, and this leads to contact, particularly in the fuel-cell stack, that is stable over a long period.
It has been shown that hot-pressing methods at temperatures of up to 1150 C are particularly well-suited for producing nickel-aluminum alloys that are stable for a long period. Welding methods carried out in an atmosphere of protective gas as well as, to some extent, plasma spraying methods can also be used.
A further possibility for producing nickel-aluminum alloys is to use a galvanic nickel plating process. The nickel plated surface is subsequently annealed in a vacuum with the formation of nickel-aluminum alloys, preferably at 1150 C.
An elastic nickel grid can be arranged between the anode and the anode ihterconnector. The nickel grid not only evens out relative movements between the anode and the interconnector; it also offers the .added advantage that it ensures electrical contact with the anode evenly through the grid points of the grid itself and thus balances out the above-described disadvantageous manufacturing tolerances. It is also possible to have both elastic media, which is to say the nickel grid and the corrugated foil, arranged on the anode side.
Finally a cathode contact layer can be arranged between the cathode interconnector and the cathode. This can lie flush on the cathode. During the joining process, this layer can serve, on the one hand, to balance out tolerances,.and on the other can serve as a diffusion barrier for chromium that is vapourizing out of the cathode interconnector.
A fuel cell stack comprises at least two such high-temperature fuel cells.
This achieves higher power outputs.
The present invention will be described in greater detail below on the basis of two embodiments shown in the drawings appended hereto. These drawings show the following:
Figure 1: A cross-section through a high-temperature fuel cell with a corrugated foil that. absorbs relative movements;
Figure 2: A cross-section through a high-temperature fuel cell with a nickel grid to absorb relative movements.
On the right-hand side of both the drawings there is a circular cross-sectional enlargement that is provided to show more clearly those components that are located close together.
In Figure 1, the anode 1 consists of NiO and 8YSZ-stabilized Zr02, It is 1500 pm thick, so that the anode is configured as an anode substrate and performs a supporting function. The anode function layer la is 5 pm thick and is of the same material as the anode 1. The anode function layer la is of a lower porosity than the anode 1 so as to ensure an even coating with the electrolyte 2 of 8 YSZ. The anode 1 is completely coated with the electrolyte 2 down as far as the lower base surface. This coating is at least pm thick. The electrolyte 2 is of a sufficiently low electrical conductivity to isolate the anode 1 from its adjacent components in the fuel cell as far as the anode interconnector 8. The area of the cathode 3 is smaller than the anode 1, and is arranged on the electrolyte 2. In its standard form, this consists of La0,66 Sr03 Mn03 and its layer thickness is 40 pm; it consists, for example, of LaCoO3 and it is 75 pm thick; it is shown only in the section enlargement. Amongst other things, manufacturing tolerances that originate during the production of bipolar plates or electrode-electrolyte units can be evened out by the cathode contact layer 4, so that low-conductivity contact points between the cathode 3 and the cathode interconnector 5 are avoided.
The cathode contact layer 4 is contacted through a projecting surface 5a of the cathode interconnector 5. Because of the projecting surface 5a, the cathode interconnector 5 has a circumferential edge, the height of which-in cross section-is smaller than on the aforementioned projecting surface 5a.
A steel, Material No. 1.4742, can be used as the material for this. The cathode interconnector 5 is in the form of a bipolar plate. The gas channels are indicated by the dashed-dotted line 6. The flow of gas runs in the horizontal plane, for example, from left to right. On the edge in question, the cathode interconnector is connected to an anode interconnector through a frame 7 so as to be electrically insulating. The frame 7 can be of an iron-based alloy. It is connected through an electrically insulating layer 9 to the anode interconnector 8. On the cathode side, the frame 7 is connected to a perforated plate 10 which is flat on the edges and which possesses elastic properties and which, for the remainder, is corrugated; the troughs of this corrugated plate 10 contact the electrolyte 2 all round on the surfaces that are not covered by the cathode 3, so as to be gas tight. The crests of the perforated plate 10 contact the cathode interconnector 5 on its edge which, as discussed above, is of a lesser height in cross section than the projecting surface 5a, which contacts the cathode contact layer 4. The perforated plate is of Nicrofer , and is 100 pm thick. However, the thickness can vary between 50 and 300 pm. All in all, the perforated plate 10 has four troughs to provide a gas-type contact, although more or fewer corrugations can be used. The gas-tight electrode chambers are formed thereby. On the contact surface with the anode interconnector 8, the frame 7 has an electrically insulating medium 9, e.g., of glass ceramic or mica. The anode interconnector 8 is also in the form of a bipolar plate, and incorporates gas channels 13 that are separated from each other by the bars 14. The operating media for the anode and cathode are thus supplied in a cross-flow pattern. A parallel gas feed (direct or counter-flow pattern) can also be used. A more homogenous temperature distribution across the fuel cell can be anticipated if a parallel gas feed is used. The bars 14 contact the anode.
Between the anode interconnector 8 and the anode 1 there is an elastic medium 11 that is in the form of a corrugated elastic foil that incorporates openings. This absorbs relative movements between the anode and the anode interconnector, and serves to balance out the expansion of the individual components that is brought about by thermal stresses. The foil 11 can be of Aluchrom YHf or Nicrofer 6025HT, and can be, for example, 100 pm thick, although this can vary between 50 and 300 pm. The openings serve to supply the anode 1 with fuel. The fuel flows out of the gas channels 13 in the anode interconnector 8, through the openings in the foil 11, to the anode 1. The foil contains nickel-aluminum alloys 12 on both sides to reduce contact resistance. The anode-side foil 11, the cathode-side perforated plate 10, and the projecting contact surface 5a of the cathode interconnector 5 thus ensure equalization of the v.a. thermal stresses that occur during recycling.
Figure 2 differs from Figure 1 with respect to the electrical insulation of the frame 17, the material of the frame itself, as well as the elastic medium 21 that is arranged between the anode interconnector 8 and the anode 1, so as to absorb relative movements.
In Figure 2, the frame 17 consists of an iron-based alloy that contains aluminum, e.g., Aluchrom YHf. It is connected to the anode interconnector 8 and has an electrically insulating layer 19 of aluminum oxide on its upper surface. The proportion of 5% aluminum in the frame is sufficient to form this electrically insulating covering layer 19 of aluminum oxide by annealing at 1000 C during the addition of air. The insulating covering layer 19 completely covers the surface of the frame 17, and is for this reason shown as an enclosing layer. In Figure 2, frame 17 is sufficiently high that additional elastic medium for absorbing relative movements can be arranged between of the anode interconnector 8 and the anode 1. In Figure 2, this is an elastic nickel grid 21 that is 250 pm thick and has a mesh size of 200 pm.
The diameter of the wire is 125 pm. The fuel flows out of the gas channels 13 of the anode interconnector 8, through the mesh of the nickel grid 21, to the anode 1.
The embodiments that are shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 can be combined with each other without restriction. Thus, in Figure 1, there can be a frame 17 that contains aluminum, as is described with respect to Figure 2. On the other hand, in Figure 2, a frame 7 such as the one described in Figure 1 can be used .
Claims (25)
1. High-temperature fuel cell, which comprises an anode, and electrolyte, and a cathode as well as an anode interconnector and a cathode interconnector, wherein a first elastic medium is arranged between the anode interconnector and the anode and a further elastic medium is arranged between the cathode interconnector and the electrolyte.
2. High-temperature fuel cell as defined in claim 1, wherein the cathode interconnector has a projecting surface that contacts the cathode.
3. High-temperature fuel cell as defined in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the further elastic medium is a corrugated perforated plate.
4. High-temperature fuel cell as defined in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the cathode is of a smaller area than the anode.
5. High-temperature fuel cell as defined in claim 3, wherein the corrugated perforated plate contacts the electrolyte through its troughs on those surfaces not covered by the cathode, so as to be gas tight.
6. High-temperature fuel cell as defined in claim 5, wherein a glass ceramic layer is arranged between the troughs of the corrugated perforated plate and the electrolyte.
7. High-temperature fuel cell as defined in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the cathode interconnector is connected to the anode interconnector through a frame so as to be electrically insulated therefrom.
8. High-temperature fuel cell as defined in claim 7, wherein the frame is connected to the further elastic medium.
9. High-temperature fuel cell as defined in claim 7 or claim 8, wherein the frame is of an iron-based alloy that contains aluminum.
10. High-temperature fuel cell as defined in claim 9, wherein a surface of the frame has an electrically insulating layer of aluminum oxide.
11. High-temperature fuel cell as defined in any one of claims 7 to 10, wherein a medium for electrically insulating the frame is arranged between the frame and the anode interconnector.
12. High-temperature fuel cell as defined in claim 11, wherein a glass ceramic layer is used as the medium.
13. High-temperature fuel cell as defined in claim 11, wherein a layer of mica is arranged as the medium.
14. High-temperature fuel cell as defined in any one of claims 7 to 10, wherein a medium for electrical insulation is arranged between the frame and the anode.
15. High-temperature fuel cell as defined in claim 14, wherein the anode has a glass ceramic layer as the electrically insulating medium.
16. High-temperature fuel cell as defined in claim 14, wherein the anode is coated with the electrolyte as far as a side that is opposite the cathode.
17. High-temperature fuel cell as defined in any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein a corrugated elastic foil that incorporates openings is arranged between the anode and the anode interconnector.
18. High-temperature fuel cell as defined in claim 17, wherein the corrugated elastic foil incorporates nickel-aluminum alloys, at least in part, on both sides.
19. High-temperature fuel cell as defined in claim 17 or claim 18, wherein troughs of the corrugated elastic foil are connected with the anode interconnector by the formation of an alloy.
20. High-temperature fuel cell as defined in any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein the anode interconnector contains aluminum.
21. High-temperature fuel cell as defined in any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein the anode interconnector has nickel-aluminum alloys, at least in part.
22. High-temperature fuel cell as defined in any one of claims 1 to 21, wherein at least one foil that contains nickel is connected to the contact surfaces of the anode interconnector for the anode by the formation of alloy.
23. High-temperature fuel cell as defined in any one of claims 1 to 22, wherein an elastic nickel grid is arranged between the anode and the anode interconnector.
24. High-temperature fuel cell as defined in any one of claims 1 to 23, wherein a cathode contact layer is arranged between the cathode interconnector and the cathode.
25. Fuel cell stack, comprising at least two high-temperature fuel cells as defined in any one of claims 1 to 24.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10033898A DE10033898B4 (en) | 2000-07-12 | 2000-07-12 | High temperature fuel cell and fuel cell stack |
| DE10033898.4 | 2000-07-12 | ||
| PCT/DE2001/002459 WO2002005368A1 (en) | 2000-07-12 | 2001-06-29 | High temperature fuel cell |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2415388A1 CA2415388A1 (en) | 2002-01-17 |
| CA2415388C true CA2415388C (en) | 2010-09-14 |
Family
ID=7648695
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2415388A Expired - Fee Related CA2415388C (en) | 2000-07-12 | 2001-06-29 | Flexibly mounted high-temperature fuel cell |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1314217B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE467917T1 (en) |
| AU (2) | AU2001276298B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2415388C (en) |
| DE (2) | DE10033898B4 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK1314217T3 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2002005368A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20140087188A (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2014-07-09 | 주식회사 미코 | Stack structure for fuel cell |
| CN104521053A (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2015-04-15 | 美科股份有限公司 | Solid oxide fuel cell stack |
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7122266B2 (en) | 2001-09-13 | 2006-10-17 | Ngk Insulators, Ltd. | Holding member for holding an electrochemical cell, a holding substrate for the same, an electrochemical system and a connecting member for electrochemical cells |
| DE10342691A1 (en) | 2003-09-08 | 2005-04-07 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Stackable high temperature fuel cell has cathode connected to interconnector by electrically conductive ceramic sprung elastic pressure contacts |
| JP4682511B2 (en) | 2003-12-02 | 2011-05-11 | 日産自動車株式会社 | Solid oxide fuel cell |
| DE102005014077B4 (en) * | 2005-03-23 | 2012-05-24 | Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Interconnector for high-temperature fuel cells and method for its production and method for operating a fuel cell |
| DE102005023048B4 (en) | 2005-05-13 | 2011-06-22 | Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 | Process for the preparation of a cathode-electrolyte composite and a high-temperature fuel cell |
| DE102005022894A1 (en) * | 2005-05-18 | 2006-11-23 | Staxera Gmbh | SOFC stack |
| DE102008006039B4 (en) * | 2008-01-25 | 2018-04-26 | Elringklinger Ag | Method for connecting metallic components of a fuel cell stack and assembly for a fuel cell stack |
| DE102008006038B4 (en) * | 2008-01-25 | 2013-02-21 | Elringklinger Ag | Method for producing a bipolar plate for a fuel cell unit and bipolar plate |
| US8293426B2 (en) | 2008-09-30 | 2012-10-23 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Cassettes for solid-oxide fuel cell stacks and methods of making the same |
| KR102076865B1 (en) * | 2012-06-08 | 2020-02-13 | 주식회사 미코 | Stack structure for fuel cell and components thereof |
| JP6317222B2 (en) * | 2014-09-22 | 2018-04-25 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | Solid oxide fuel cell stack |
| SG11201702330XA (en) | 2014-10-07 | 2017-04-27 | Protonex Technology Corp | Sofc-conduction |
| JP7267915B2 (en) | 2016-08-11 | 2023-05-02 | アップスタート パワー、インコーポレイテッド | Planar solid oxide fuel unit cells and stacks |
| JP7292259B2 (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2023-06-16 | 大阪瓦斯株式会社 | Electrochemical module, electrochemical module assembly method, electrochemical device and energy system |
| WO2024132965A1 (en) * | 2022-12-20 | 2024-06-27 | Topsoe A/S | Soc stack comprising combined flow distributor and contact enabler |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH01313855A (en) * | 1988-06-14 | 1989-12-19 | Nkk Corp | Electrode member for solid electrolyte type fuel cell, its manufacture and solid electrolyte type fuel cell |
| DE4016157A1 (en) * | 1989-06-08 | 1990-12-13 | Asea Brown Boveri | High temp. fuel cell stack - with cells series-connected by separator plates and elastic current collectors |
| EP0410159A1 (en) * | 1989-07-24 | 1991-01-30 | Asea Brown Boveri Ag | Current collector for high temperature fuel cell |
| EP0418528A1 (en) * | 1989-09-11 | 1991-03-27 | Asea Brown Boveri Ag | Current collector for ceramic fuel cells |
| EP0440968A1 (en) * | 1990-02-08 | 1991-08-14 | Asea Brown Boveri Ag | Element for obtaining a possible uniform temperature distribution on the surface of a plate-like ceramic high temperature fuel cell |
| EP0609697A1 (en) * | 1993-02-01 | 1994-08-10 | Osaka Gas Co., Ltd. | Fuel cell assembly and method of producing the same |
| DE4410711C1 (en) * | 1994-03-28 | 1995-09-07 | Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh | Metallic bipolar plate for HT fuel cells and method of manufacturing the same |
| DE4430958C1 (en) * | 1994-08-31 | 1995-10-19 | Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh | Solid electrolyte high temperature fuel cell and fuel cell assembly |
| DE19517451A1 (en) * | 1995-05-12 | 1996-05-23 | Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh | Fuel-cell stack assembly with bipolar metal sheets |
| DE19531852C1 (en) * | 1995-08-30 | 1996-12-19 | Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh | Fuel cell with drainage system for water or steam |
| WO2001004981A1 (en) * | 1999-07-09 | 2001-01-18 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Electrical bonding protected against oxidation on the gas combustion side of a high temperature fuel cell |
-
2000
- 2000-07-12 DE DE10033898A patent/DE10033898B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-06-29 CA CA2415388A patent/CA2415388C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-06-29 AU AU2001276298A patent/AU2001276298B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2001-06-29 DE DE50115483T patent/DE50115483D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-06-29 WO PCT/DE2001/002459 patent/WO2002005368A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2001-06-29 DK DK01953843.8T patent/DK1314217T3/en active
- 2001-06-29 AT AT01953843T patent/ATE467917T1/en active
- 2001-06-29 EP EP01953843A patent/EP1314217B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-06-29 AU AU7629801A patent/AU7629801A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20140087188A (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2014-07-09 | 주식회사 미코 | Stack structure for fuel cell |
| KR102055951B1 (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2020-01-23 | 주식회사 미코 | Stack structure for fuel cell |
| CN104521053A (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2015-04-15 | 美科股份有限公司 | Solid oxide fuel cell stack |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2001276298B2 (en) | 2006-06-08 |
| EP1314217B1 (en) | 2010-05-12 |
| AU7629801A (en) | 2002-01-21 |
| EP1314217A1 (en) | 2003-05-28 |
| DE10033898B4 (en) | 2009-06-18 |
| DK1314217T3 (en) | 2010-08-23 |
| WO2002005368A1 (en) | 2002-01-17 |
| CA2415388A1 (en) | 2002-01-17 |
| ATE467917T1 (en) | 2010-05-15 |
| DE10033898A1 (en) | 2002-01-31 |
| DE50115483D1 (en) | 2010-06-24 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CA2415388C (en) | Flexibly mounted high-temperature fuel cell | |
| US7252902B2 (en) | High-temperature resistant seal | |
| US6492053B1 (en) | Planar fuel cell assembly | |
| US4937152A (en) | Fuel cell | |
| US7422819B2 (en) | Ceramic coatings for insulating modular fuel cell cassettes in a solid-oxide fuel cell stack | |
| EP2013927B1 (en) | Anode support member and bipolar separator for use in a fuel cell assembly and for preventing poisoning of reforming catalyst | |
| US8071252B2 (en) | Interconnector for high-temperature fuel cells | |
| EP1298755B1 (en) | Fuel cell stack having foil interconnects and laminated spacers | |
| JP5023429B2 (en) | Flat plate fuel cell | |
| JP4573526B2 (en) | Solid oxide fuel cell | |
| US8153327B2 (en) | Interconnector for high temperature fuel cells | |
| JP6781188B2 (en) | Electrochemical reaction unit and electrochemical reaction cell stack | |
| JP6756549B2 (en) | Electrochemical reaction unit and electrochemical reaction cell stack | |
| CN115051010A (en) | Solid oxide cell oxygen electrode contact and cell stack | |
| CA2415391C (en) | Aluminous interconnector for fuel cells | |
| Pigeaud et al. | Coating applications for the molten carbonate fuel cell | |
| JP7237043B2 (en) | Electrochemical reaction cell stack | |
| JP7210509B2 (en) | Electrochemical reaction cell stack | |
| JP7159249B2 (en) | Electrochemical reaction cell stack and IC-single cell composite | |
| JP6867974B2 (en) | Electrochemical reaction unit and electrochemical reaction cell stack | |
| JPH11288729A (en) | Solid electrolytic fuel cell | |
| JP2024116832A (en) | Electrochemical reaction single cell | |
| DK2372825T3 (en) | fuel cell module | |
| JP2018206586A (en) | Electrochemical reaction unit, electrochemical reaction cell stack, and manufacturing method of electrochemical reaction unit | |
| JPH07142074A (en) | Plate type solid electrolyte fuel cell |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |
Effective date: 20200831 |