CA2263580A1 - Procedure to improve the capacity of a v5 interface in a wireless local loop environment - Google Patents
Procedure to improve the capacity of a v5 interface in a wireless local loop environment Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2263580A1 CA2263580A1 CA002263580A CA2263580A CA2263580A1 CA 2263580 A1 CA2263580 A1 CA 2263580A1 CA 002263580 A CA002263580 A CA 002263580A CA 2263580 A CA2263580 A CA 2263580A CA 2263580 A1 CA2263580 A1 CA 2263580A1
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- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- terminal device
- telephone exchange
- procedure
- access port
- status data
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W84/00—Network topologies
- H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
- H04W84/10—Small scale networks; Flat hierarchical networks
- H04W84/14—WLL [Wireless Local Loop]; RLL [Radio Local Loop]
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
- Communication Control (AREA)
- Telephonic Communication Services (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a procedure for maximizing the available capacity of a V5 interface (1) in a wireless local loop environment, in which a terminal device (5) is connected via a radio link to a base station (4a, 4b, 4c) and further to an access node (2) and a telephone exchange (3). The procedure of the invention allows considerably more effective reservation and use of the time slots of the V5 interface than before because it achieves a significant reduction of abortive reservations of time slots.
Description
CA 02263~80 1999-02-17 W 0 98/08352 PCT/F~7/00474 PROCEDU~ETOnMPROVETHECAPACrrYOFA VSn~rERFACEnNA ~RELESSLOCALLOOP
ENV~ONMENT
The present invention relates to a procedure for maximizing the available capacity of V5 interface in a wireless local loop environment, in which a terminal device is connected via a radio link to a base station and further to an access node and a telephone exchange.
In a wireless local loop (WLL), a terminal de-vice is connected via a radio link to an access node.Between the terminal device and the access node there is a base station, by means of which the call signals received via radiocommunication from the terminal device are further transmitted through the access node to the public telephone network and vice versa. The access node is connected to the telephone exchange using the V5.1 or V5.2 protocol.
Open interfaces (V5.1 and V5.2) between an ac-cess node and a telephone exchange are defined in the ETSI (European Telecommunications and Standards Institu-te) standards of the ETS 300 324 and ETS 300 347 series.
V5 interfaces enable subscribers belonging to a physi-cally separate local loop, which may be a wired or a wi-reless network, to be connected using the standard in-terface of a telephone exchange. A dynamic concentratorinterface V5.2 consistent with the standards ETS 300 347-1 and 347-2 consists of one or more (1 - 16) PCM
(Pulse Code Modulation) cables. One PCM cable comprises a total of 32 channels, each of which with a transfer rate of 64 kbit/s, i.e. 2048 kbit/s in all. The V5.2 in-terface supports analogue telephones as used in the pub-lic telephone network, digital subscriptions, such as ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) basic and system subscriptions as well as other analogue or digi-tal terminal equipment based on semi-fixed connections.
In a prior-art system, there is no way for the telephone exchange to determine whether the terminal de-. .
CA 02263~80 1999-02-17 W 098/08352 rCTAFI97/00474 vice is accessible or not. To set up a call addressed to a terminal device, the call control system of the te-lephone exchange reserves a time slot in the V5 interfa-ce and informs the access node about the call. The ac-cess node reserves resources for the call until the ra-dio network control system announces that the terminal device is inaccessible. Based on this notice, the access node releases the resources it has reserved and informs the telephone exchange about the unsuccessful call se-tup, whereupon the telephone exchange releases the re-served V5 interface time slot, making it available for other users.
The problem with the procedure described above is that when call signals are transmitted from the te-lephone exchange via a concentrated access node to aclosed terminal device, this involves unnecessary reser-vation of local loop capacity. Especially in the V5 in-terface between the telephone exchange and the access node, such call setup occupies a time slot or time slots to no purpose, because it is only in the access node that information about the inaccessibility of the termi-nal device is obtained.
The object of the present invention is to eli-minate the problem described above. A specific object of the present invention is to produce a procedure that al-lows more effective utilization of the available capaci-ty of a V5 interface.
As for the features characteristic of the in-vention, reference is made to the claims.
In the procedure of the invention, to maximize the available capacity of a V5 interface in a wireless local loop environment, at least one of the time slots of the V5 interface is reserved for calls from the te-lephone exchange to the terminal device. Available capa-city refers to the maximum capacity of the V5 interface, which means a certain number of time slots. The local loop environment comprises an access node connected to a CA 02263~80 1999-02-17 W098l08352 ~CT~I97/00474 telephone exchange via a V5 interface, and a base stati-on communicating with the access node and used to transmit call signals between the access node and the terminal device.
In the procedure of the invention, the accessi-bility of the terminal device is monitored in the te-lephone exchange and the setup of a call addressed to an inaccessible terminal device is disabled in the telepho-ne exchange. This makes it possible to avoid useless re-servation of time slots in a situation where the termi-nal device proves to be off and unable to receive calls.
A terminal device is accessible when calls can be transmitted to it. The monitoring is based on sending to the telephone exchange access port status data, which is maintained in the access node and indicates the accessi-bility of the terminal device connected to the access port. The access port status data is preferably updated in the telephone exchange at the same time when the ac-cess port status data is updated in the access node. The maintenance and updating of the access port status data is implemented in accordance with the V5 recommendations by means of the control protocol. The access port status may be either OPERATIONAL or BLOCKED, i.e. accessible or inaccessible. Further, the access port status data is preferably updated to BLOCKED when the radio link bet-ween the base station and the terminal device is broken, i.e. when the terminal device is outside the coverage area of the base station or when the radio link is bro-ken for other reasons. Thus, the call control system can immediately release the time slot which possibly had been reserved for the terminal device, i.e. if the ter-minal device was engaged in an active call when the ra-dio link was broken.
In a preferred embodiment, the information re-lating to the accessibility of the terminal device is transmitted via IMSI attach and IMSI detach (IMSI, In-ternational Mobile Subscriber Identity) functions car-CA 02263~80 1999-02-17 ried out by the terminal device, which functions are described e.g. in the standards of the ETS 300 530 se-ries. When power is switched on in the terminal device, it starts the IMSI attach function, which in practice corresponds to a standard terminal device location upda-te procedure. Data indicating that the terminal device is operational is generally stored in binary form in the access node. The IMSI detach function is performed when power is switched off from the terminal device. In this case, too, corresponding status data is stored in the access node. In the access node, the status of the ter-minal device is indicated by the access port status da-ta.
As compared with prior art, the present inven-tion has the advantage that it makes it possible to re-duce the load on the call control resources both in the local exchange and in the access node. Furthermore, the invention makes it possible to avoid unnecessary reser-vations of V5 interface time slots, thus making more ti-me slots available for other calls to be transmitted. Afurther advantage of the invention is that the terminal device status data can be better monitored using the IMSI attach and detach functions.
In the following, the invention is described in detail by the aid of an embodiment by referring to the attached drawing, which represents a wireless local loop environment according to the present invention.
The wireless local loop system presented in the drawing comprises an access node 2. The access node 2 functions as a concentrating element between a telephone exchange 3 and a terminal device 5, connecting the subscriber to the telephone exchange 3. The access node 2 is connected via a V5.2 interface 1, which comprises 1 - 16 PCM cables (2 Mbit/s), to the exchange terminal (ET) (not shown) of the telephone exchange 3, the termi-nal exchange being provided with the functions required by the V5 interface. Moreover, the system illustrated by CA 02263~80 1999-02-17 W O 98/08352 PCT~197/00474 the drawing comprises a num~er of base stations 4a, 4b and 4c, each one of which has a given coverage area. In the system presented in the drawing, to set up a connec-tion between a terminal device and the telephone exchan-ge, signals are transmitted via radiocommunication bet-ween the base station ~a and the terminal device 5 and further via wired connections from the base station to the access node 2 and via the V5 interface 1 from the access node to the telephone exchange.
Further referring to the drawing, when the ter-minal device 5 is switched on, an IMSI attach function consistent with the above-mentioned recommendations is executed. Via this action, the terminal device 5 informs the network that it is operational, so calls addressed to the terminal device can be transmitted to it. In the access node 2, the status data for the access port cor-responding to the terminal device 5 is updated to the value OPERATIONAL. At the same time, the access port status data is also updated in the telephone exchange 3 by means of the control protocol of the V5 interface 1 by updating the subscriber data stored in the telephone exchange for the V5 interface used by the access port.
When power is switched off from an operational terminal device 5, the terminal device carries out an IMSI detach function, for which the terminal device does not expect a confirmation from the base station. Via this action, the terminal device announces that it is not operational, in other words, that the terminal devi-ce is inaccessible, which means that no calls can be transmitted to the terminal device. The status data for the access port corresponding to the terminal device is now updated to the value BLOCKED. At the same time, the access port status data is also updated in the telephone exchange 3 by means of the control protocol of the V5 interface by updating the subscriber data for the V5 in-terface used by the access port, stored in the telephone exchange.
.
CA 02263~80 1999-02-17 W098/08352 PCT~197/00474 Further, when a call is to be set up, a check can be carried out first in the telephone exchange to determine whether the called terminal device is opera-tional or not, by reading the access port status data for the terminal device in question. In this way, abor-tive reservations of time slots in the V5 interface l between the access node 2 and the telephone exchange are avoided.
The invention is not restricted to the embodi-ment example presented above, but many variations arepossible within the framework of the inventive idea de-fined by the claims.
ENV~ONMENT
The present invention relates to a procedure for maximizing the available capacity of V5 interface in a wireless local loop environment, in which a terminal device is connected via a radio link to a base station and further to an access node and a telephone exchange.
In a wireless local loop (WLL), a terminal de-vice is connected via a radio link to an access node.Between the terminal device and the access node there is a base station, by means of which the call signals received via radiocommunication from the terminal device are further transmitted through the access node to the public telephone network and vice versa. The access node is connected to the telephone exchange using the V5.1 or V5.2 protocol.
Open interfaces (V5.1 and V5.2) between an ac-cess node and a telephone exchange are defined in the ETSI (European Telecommunications and Standards Institu-te) standards of the ETS 300 324 and ETS 300 347 series.
V5 interfaces enable subscribers belonging to a physi-cally separate local loop, which may be a wired or a wi-reless network, to be connected using the standard in-terface of a telephone exchange. A dynamic concentratorinterface V5.2 consistent with the standards ETS 300 347-1 and 347-2 consists of one or more (1 - 16) PCM
(Pulse Code Modulation) cables. One PCM cable comprises a total of 32 channels, each of which with a transfer rate of 64 kbit/s, i.e. 2048 kbit/s in all. The V5.2 in-terface supports analogue telephones as used in the pub-lic telephone network, digital subscriptions, such as ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) basic and system subscriptions as well as other analogue or digi-tal terminal equipment based on semi-fixed connections.
In a prior-art system, there is no way for the telephone exchange to determine whether the terminal de-. .
CA 02263~80 1999-02-17 W 098/08352 rCTAFI97/00474 vice is accessible or not. To set up a call addressed to a terminal device, the call control system of the te-lephone exchange reserves a time slot in the V5 interfa-ce and informs the access node about the call. The ac-cess node reserves resources for the call until the ra-dio network control system announces that the terminal device is inaccessible. Based on this notice, the access node releases the resources it has reserved and informs the telephone exchange about the unsuccessful call se-tup, whereupon the telephone exchange releases the re-served V5 interface time slot, making it available for other users.
The problem with the procedure described above is that when call signals are transmitted from the te-lephone exchange via a concentrated access node to aclosed terminal device, this involves unnecessary reser-vation of local loop capacity. Especially in the V5 in-terface between the telephone exchange and the access node, such call setup occupies a time slot or time slots to no purpose, because it is only in the access node that information about the inaccessibility of the termi-nal device is obtained.
The object of the present invention is to eli-minate the problem described above. A specific object of the present invention is to produce a procedure that al-lows more effective utilization of the available capaci-ty of a V5 interface.
As for the features characteristic of the in-vention, reference is made to the claims.
In the procedure of the invention, to maximize the available capacity of a V5 interface in a wireless local loop environment, at least one of the time slots of the V5 interface is reserved for calls from the te-lephone exchange to the terminal device. Available capa-city refers to the maximum capacity of the V5 interface, which means a certain number of time slots. The local loop environment comprises an access node connected to a CA 02263~80 1999-02-17 W098l08352 ~CT~I97/00474 telephone exchange via a V5 interface, and a base stati-on communicating with the access node and used to transmit call signals between the access node and the terminal device.
In the procedure of the invention, the accessi-bility of the terminal device is monitored in the te-lephone exchange and the setup of a call addressed to an inaccessible terminal device is disabled in the telepho-ne exchange. This makes it possible to avoid useless re-servation of time slots in a situation where the termi-nal device proves to be off and unable to receive calls.
A terminal device is accessible when calls can be transmitted to it. The monitoring is based on sending to the telephone exchange access port status data, which is maintained in the access node and indicates the accessi-bility of the terminal device connected to the access port. The access port status data is preferably updated in the telephone exchange at the same time when the ac-cess port status data is updated in the access node. The maintenance and updating of the access port status data is implemented in accordance with the V5 recommendations by means of the control protocol. The access port status may be either OPERATIONAL or BLOCKED, i.e. accessible or inaccessible. Further, the access port status data is preferably updated to BLOCKED when the radio link bet-ween the base station and the terminal device is broken, i.e. when the terminal device is outside the coverage area of the base station or when the radio link is bro-ken for other reasons. Thus, the call control system can immediately release the time slot which possibly had been reserved for the terminal device, i.e. if the ter-minal device was engaged in an active call when the ra-dio link was broken.
In a preferred embodiment, the information re-lating to the accessibility of the terminal device is transmitted via IMSI attach and IMSI detach (IMSI, In-ternational Mobile Subscriber Identity) functions car-CA 02263~80 1999-02-17 ried out by the terminal device, which functions are described e.g. in the standards of the ETS 300 530 se-ries. When power is switched on in the terminal device, it starts the IMSI attach function, which in practice corresponds to a standard terminal device location upda-te procedure. Data indicating that the terminal device is operational is generally stored in binary form in the access node. The IMSI detach function is performed when power is switched off from the terminal device. In this case, too, corresponding status data is stored in the access node. In the access node, the status of the ter-minal device is indicated by the access port status da-ta.
As compared with prior art, the present inven-tion has the advantage that it makes it possible to re-duce the load on the call control resources both in the local exchange and in the access node. Furthermore, the invention makes it possible to avoid unnecessary reser-vations of V5 interface time slots, thus making more ti-me slots available for other calls to be transmitted. Afurther advantage of the invention is that the terminal device status data can be better monitored using the IMSI attach and detach functions.
In the following, the invention is described in detail by the aid of an embodiment by referring to the attached drawing, which represents a wireless local loop environment according to the present invention.
The wireless local loop system presented in the drawing comprises an access node 2. The access node 2 functions as a concentrating element between a telephone exchange 3 and a terminal device 5, connecting the subscriber to the telephone exchange 3. The access node 2 is connected via a V5.2 interface 1, which comprises 1 - 16 PCM cables (2 Mbit/s), to the exchange terminal (ET) (not shown) of the telephone exchange 3, the termi-nal exchange being provided with the functions required by the V5 interface. Moreover, the system illustrated by CA 02263~80 1999-02-17 W O 98/08352 PCT~197/00474 the drawing comprises a num~er of base stations 4a, 4b and 4c, each one of which has a given coverage area. In the system presented in the drawing, to set up a connec-tion between a terminal device and the telephone exchan-ge, signals are transmitted via radiocommunication bet-ween the base station ~a and the terminal device 5 and further via wired connections from the base station to the access node 2 and via the V5 interface 1 from the access node to the telephone exchange.
Further referring to the drawing, when the ter-minal device 5 is switched on, an IMSI attach function consistent with the above-mentioned recommendations is executed. Via this action, the terminal device 5 informs the network that it is operational, so calls addressed to the terminal device can be transmitted to it. In the access node 2, the status data for the access port cor-responding to the terminal device 5 is updated to the value OPERATIONAL. At the same time, the access port status data is also updated in the telephone exchange 3 by means of the control protocol of the V5 interface 1 by updating the subscriber data stored in the telephone exchange for the V5 interface used by the access port.
When power is switched off from an operational terminal device 5, the terminal device carries out an IMSI detach function, for which the terminal device does not expect a confirmation from the base station. Via this action, the terminal device announces that it is not operational, in other words, that the terminal devi-ce is inaccessible, which means that no calls can be transmitted to the terminal device. The status data for the access port corresponding to the terminal device is now updated to the value BLOCKED. At the same time, the access port status data is also updated in the telephone exchange 3 by means of the control protocol of the V5 interface by updating the subscriber data for the V5 in-terface used by the access port, stored in the telephone exchange.
.
CA 02263~80 1999-02-17 W098/08352 PCT~197/00474 Further, when a call is to be set up, a check can be carried out first in the telephone exchange to determine whether the called terminal device is opera-tional or not, by reading the access port status data for the terminal device in question. In this way, abor-tive reservations of time slots in the V5 interface l between the access node 2 and the telephone exchange are avoided.
The invention is not restricted to the embodi-ment example presented above, but many variations arepossible within the framework of the inventive idea de-fined by the claims.
Claims (9)
1. Procedure for maximizing the available capacity of a V5 interface (1) in a wireless local loop environment comprising an access node (2), which is connected to a telephone exchange (3) via the V5 interface, and a base station (4a, 4b, 4c) serving to transmit call signals between the access node and the terminal device (5), in which procedure at least one time slot in the V5 interface is reserved for calls from the telephone exchange to the terminal device, characterized in that the accessibility of the terminal device is monitored in the telephone exchange; and a call to an inaccessible terminal device is inhibited in the telephone exchange.
2. Procedure as defined in claim 1, characterized in that access port status data indicating the accessibility of the terminal device (5) connected to an access port is transmitted to the telephone exchange (3).
3. Procedure as defined in claim 2, characterized in that the access port status data is transmitted to the telephone exchange (3) when the access port status data is updated in the access node (2).
4. Procedure as defined in any one of claims 1 - 3, characterized in that the access port status data is transmitted to the telephone exchange (3) by updating subscriber data for the V5 interface (1), which are stored in the telephone exchange.
5. Procedure as defined in any one of claims 1 - 4, characterized in that an IMSI attach function is carried out by the terminal device (5) when the terminal device is switched on;
based on the IMSI attach function, the access port status data for the terminal device is updated to OPERATIONAL, indicating that the terminal device is accessible; and the access port status data is transmitted to the telephone exchange (3).
based on the IMSI attach function, the access port status data for the terminal device is updated to OPERATIONAL, indicating that the terminal device is accessible; and the access port status data is transmitted to the telephone exchange (3).
6. Procedure as defined in any one of claims 1 - 4, characterized in that an IMSI detach function is carried out by the terminal device (5) when the terminal device is switched off;
based on the IMSI detach function, the access port status data for the terminal device is updated to BLOCKED, indicating that the terminal device is inaccessible; and the access port status data is transmitted to the telephone exchange (3).
based on the IMSI detach function, the access port status data for the terminal device is updated to BLOCKED, indicating that the terminal device is inaccessible; and the access port status data is transmitted to the telephone exchange (3).
7. Procedure as defined in any one of claims 1 - 6, characterized in that the access port status data is updated to BLOCKED when the radio link between the base station (4) and the terminal device (5) is broken.
8. Procedure as defined in any one of claims 1 - 7, characterized in that the access port status data is transmitted to the telephone exchange (3) via the CONTROL protocol.
9. Procedure as defined in any one of claims 1 - 8, characterized in that the status of the terminal device (5) is monitored in the telephone exchange on the basis of the subscriber data of the V5 interface.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FI963302 | 1996-08-23 | ||
| FI963302A FI103370B1 (en) | 1996-08-23 | 1996-08-23 | Method to Maximize Available Capacity of V5 Interface in Wireless LAN |
| PCT/FI1997/000474 WO1998008352A1 (en) | 1996-08-23 | 1997-08-12 | Procedure to improve the capacity of a v5 interface in a wireless local loop environment |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2263580A1 true CA2263580A1 (en) | 1998-02-26 |
Family
ID=8546521
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002263580A Abandoned CA2263580A1 (en) | 1996-08-23 | 1997-08-12 | Procedure to improve the capacity of a v5 interface in a wireless local loop environment |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1016297A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2001505722A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1228232A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU723323B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9711636A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2263580A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI103370B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1998008352A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FI106688B (en) | 1997-12-17 | 2001-03-15 | Nokia Networks Oy | A method for implementing state monitoring of an ISDN user port |
| FI981767A (en) * | 1998-08-17 | 2000-02-18 | Nokia Networks Oy | A method and system for maximizing the capacity of a communication system |
| KR100312310B1 (en) * | 1999-03-12 | 2001-11-03 | 윤종용 | Method for managing a plurality of radio links in wireless local loop |
| KR20010061854A (en) * | 1999-12-29 | 2001-07-07 | 박원배 | Apparatus for connecting remote subscriber switch using v5.2 interface module |
| CN1223213C (en) * | 2002-03-13 | 2005-10-12 | 华为技术有限公司 | Monitoring method of A interface circuit in wireless communication system |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB8917740D0 (en) * | 1989-08-03 | 1989-09-20 | Orbitel Mobile Communications | Channel assignment and power control arrangement in a radio communication system |
| SE465992B (en) * | 1990-04-10 | 1991-11-25 | Ericsson Telefon Ab L M | MOBILE PHONE SYSTEM PROVIDED TO USE BY SUBSCRIBERS INDOOR AND OUTDOOR |
| US5212831A (en) * | 1990-11-28 | 1993-05-18 | Bell Communications Research, Inc. | Method and apparatus for autonomous adaptive frequency assignment in TDMA portable radio systems |
| FI100077B (en) * | 1995-01-04 | 1997-09-15 | Nokia Telecommunications Oy | Radio system for wireless subscriber connection |
-
1996
- 1996-08-23 FI FI963302A patent/FI103370B1/en active IP Right Grant
-
1997
- 1997-08-12 EP EP97935585A patent/EP1016297A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-08-12 CN CN 97197292 patent/CN1228232A/en active Pending
- 1997-08-12 CA CA002263580A patent/CA2263580A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-08-12 JP JP51044998A patent/JP2001505722A/en active Pending
- 1997-08-12 BR BR9711636A patent/BR9711636A/en unknown
- 1997-08-12 AU AU38519/97A patent/AU723323B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-08-12 WO PCT/FI1997/000474 patent/WO1998008352A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1228232A (en) | 1999-09-08 |
| JP2001505722A (en) | 2001-04-24 |
| FI103370B (en) | 1999-06-15 |
| AU3851997A (en) | 1998-03-06 |
| FI963302A0 (en) | 1996-08-23 |
| WO1998008352A1 (en) | 1998-02-26 |
| EP1016297A1 (en) | 2000-07-05 |
| FI963302A (en) | 1998-02-24 |
| FI103370B1 (en) | 1999-06-15 |
| BR9711636A (en) | 1999-08-24 |
| AU723323B2 (en) | 2000-08-24 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |
Effective date: 20030812 |