CA2251402A1 - Circuit with emp-charge-eliminator - Google Patents
Circuit with emp-charge-eliminator Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2251402A1 CA2251402A1 CA002251402A CA2251402A CA2251402A1 CA 2251402 A1 CA2251402 A1 CA 2251402A1 CA 002251402 A CA002251402 A CA 002251402A CA 2251402 A CA2251402 A CA 2251402A CA 2251402 A1 CA2251402 A1 CA 2251402A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- electric circuit
- port
- frequency
- ports
- region
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
- H01P1/213—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters combining or separating two or more different frequencies
- H01P1/2133—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters combining or separating two or more different frequencies using coaxial filters
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- Details Of Aerials (AREA)
- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Elimination Of Static Electricity (AREA)
Abstract
The invention concerns an electric circuit (5) with an EMP-eliminator for connection to coaxial lines, the electric circuit comprises several ports (1, 2, 3) as inlets and outlets to coaxial lines, between ports (1, 2, 3) ~/4-lines are installed, on one port (2) an open ~/2-line is installed and on another port (3) a ~J4-short circuiting line is installed such that the circuit (5) can be wired as lightningeliminator and as combiner or separator of frequency channels.
Description
CA 022~1402 1998-10-26 CIRCUIT WITH EMP-CHARGE-ELIMINATOR
The invention relates to an electric circuit with an EMP-charge-çlimin~tor of coaxial lines according to the definition in the patent claims.
Electromagnetic pulses (EMP) can be guided via coaxial lines into the connected devices and can damage or even destroy these. EMP can be of natural provenance and e.g. be created by lightning, they can also be of artificial type and e.g. be created by motors, switches, ~ n~ rs or nuclear explosions.
For protection from such EMP in coaxial lines EMP-filters or ~/4 short-circuiting lines are used which ~limin~te or reflect harmful currents created by short-termincreases of voltage (spikes) of determined frequencies. T.ightning dischargers of this kind are known e.g. from Swiss patent CH-676900 and Swiss patent application 914/95 of the applicant. The ~/4 short-circuiting lines described therein act as frequency-selective filters of basic frequencies and their odd harmoniousoscillations. Thus they make it possible to çlimin~te or reflect harmful currents within a frequency band.
Electric circuits and appliances to be protected are e.g. duplexers for combination of two frequency channels onto one cable or for splitting up of a channel with two frequency bands onto two cables. For this kind of system it is, according to the state of the art, necessary to employ one EMP-filter for each antenn~-feeder-cable. This CA 022~1402 1998-10-26 makes it expensive and complicates its reconstruction or the backfitting of the facilities. Thus a disadvantage of such systems is con.stituted by the complicated and costly lightning protection.
Thus it is the object of the present invention to create an electric circuit with EMP-filters which circuit works as splitter or colllbinel of frequency çh~nn~lc, which can be used for common frequency bands and which can also be used with very high frequencies. When used in a system with several tr~n.smitt~.rs and frequency bands the ~ l;llers are not to disturb each other mutually.
This object is achieved by the invention according to the claims.
The basic idea of the invention is the combination of a duplexer with an EMP-çlimin~tor as a network in an electric circuit with several ports. The electric circuit has coaxial resonance circles and can be employed as lightning protection and ascombiner/splitter. It e.g. works as lightning protector for a system with base stations and ~ntenn~e for transmi.c~ion and reception over several frequency channels. One of the resonance circles on the one hand works as EMP-~limin~tor and on the other hand, in combination with other resonance circles, as duplexer for separating or combining frequency channels. The electric circuit makes it possible to achieve the same li~htning protection for the system that is achieved by use of two individual E~-çlimin~tors.
A prefelled embodiment of the electric circuit e.g. has three ports. A first port is wired as inlet or outlet, a second and third port are correspondingly wired as inlets or outlets. The three ports are embedded in a network of ~J4- and ~2-lines. The connection of the first and second ports and the connection of the first and third CA 022~1402 1998-10-26 ports s~lccee~ls via ~/4-lines. An open ~/2-line is installed on the second port and a ~4 short-circuiting line is installed on the third port.
The invention is explained in more detail in connection with the following figures:
Figure 1 shows an electric s- hem~tic diagram of a part of an exemplified embodiment of the electric circuit with inlet and outlet ports.
Figure 2 shows a section through a part of the mechanical realisation of an exemplified embodiment of the electric circuit according to Figure 1.
Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of part of an exemplified embodiment of the electric circuit according to Figures 1 and 2 wired as a splitter for splitting two frequency channels onto two outlet lines.
Figure4 shows a schematic diagram of part of the exemplified embodiment of the electric circuit according to Figures 1 and 2 wired as a combiner for the combination of two frequency channels onto one outlet line.
Figure 1 shows an electric sçhem~tic diagram of an exemplified embodiment of electric circuit 5. Circuit 5 can be used by means of coaxial lines on e.g. ~ntenn~e of multi-band systems such as tunnel communication, radio nets on frequency bands GSM, PCS, NMT etc. Electric circuit 5 comprises several resonance circles. One resonance circle is on the one hand used as lightning protection for the system on the other hand in combination with other resonance circles as combiner or splitter of frequency ~h~nnels A meçh~nical realisation of electric circuit 5 is shown in Figure 2. Figures 3 and 4 show exemplified embodiments of electric circuit 5 wired as CA 022~1402 1998-10-26 combiner and splitter. Other embodiments and other applications are thinkable tothe specialist with knowledge of the invention.
According to Figure 1 electric circuit 5 has three ports 1, 2, 3. Port 1 can be connected to an inlet line and ports 2 and 3 can correspondingly be connected tooutlet lines or inlet lines or intlet lines are connected to ports 2 and 3 and an outlet line is connected to port 1. Ports 1, 2, 3 are embedded in a network of ~J4-elements and ~12-el~ment.s Port 1 is arranged between ports 2 and 3. Ports 1 and 2 as well as ports 1 and 3 are connected via ~14-lines 12, 13. An open ~12-line is installed on port 2 and a ~4 short-circuiting line 30 is installed on port 3. T.ightning currents and overvoltage spikes entering via ports 1, 2, 3 are eliminated towards earth via ~/4 short-circuiting line 30. 13etween ports 2 and 3 there is an isolation of typically 20dB.
In principle at least two frequency channels can be combined or split with the invention. Electric circuit 5 in the embodiment according to Figure 1 serves as duplexer for two frequency channels fu, fO. The ~J4- and ~/2-elements are matched for the center frequency of the used frequency channels, such that signals from the region of this frequency channel, arriving at ports 1, 2, 3 are either reflected or let through. ~u denominates the medium wavelength of a lower frequency channel fu, ~O
the medium wavelength of an upper frequency channel fO. The frequency channels correspond to frequency bands. A GSM-system is e.g. transmitted as a lower frequency band with a lower center frequency fl of 900 MHz and a PCS-system is tr~n~mitted as an upper frequency band with an upper center frequency f2 of 1800MHz. Thus ~u = 2~o or f2 = 2fl. With knowledge of the present invention the use of other, higher and lower frequencies as well as the use of other frequency relations is possible.
CA 022~1402 1998-10-26 For use of the electric circuit 5 as splitter according to Figure 3 two frequency bands with center frequencies fl, f2 are fed to port 1 via a channel.
Correspondingly, for use of electric circuit 5 as combiner according to Figure 4 a lower frequency channel fu is fed to port 3 and an upper frequency channel fO is fed to port 2. The band width of electric circuit 5 with these specifications is ca. 10% in each frequency channel.
The signals are advantageously fed with a 50 Q source and the outlets are termin~ted with a 50 Q moving load. With knowledge of the present invention use of di~lellL impedance is possible.
Several resonance circles are formed. Port 3 is matched to the lower frequency channel fu for tr~n~mi~sion ofthe lower frequency band and lets signals in the region of the lower center frequency fl pass through unhindered and undamped while signals in the region of the center frequency f2 of the upper frequency channel fO are reflected. Port 2 is matched to upper frequency channel fO for tr~n~mi~sion of the upper frequency band and lets signals in the region of the upper center frequency pass through unhindered and und~mped while signals in the region of center frequency fl of lower frequency channel fu are reflected. Port 1 is matched to both frequency bands and lets signals in the region of the two center frequencies fl, f2 pass through unhin-lered and l-nd~mped In this sense e.g. a GSM-system and a PCS-system can be wired to the same antenna cable without the two tr~n~mitters influencing each other mutually.
Frequencies of up to 18 GHz can be ~ n~ led with electric circuit 5.
The invention relates to an electric circuit with an EMP-charge-çlimin~tor of coaxial lines according to the definition in the patent claims.
Electromagnetic pulses (EMP) can be guided via coaxial lines into the connected devices and can damage or even destroy these. EMP can be of natural provenance and e.g. be created by lightning, they can also be of artificial type and e.g. be created by motors, switches, ~ n~ rs or nuclear explosions.
For protection from such EMP in coaxial lines EMP-filters or ~/4 short-circuiting lines are used which ~limin~te or reflect harmful currents created by short-termincreases of voltage (spikes) of determined frequencies. T.ightning dischargers of this kind are known e.g. from Swiss patent CH-676900 and Swiss patent application 914/95 of the applicant. The ~/4 short-circuiting lines described therein act as frequency-selective filters of basic frequencies and their odd harmoniousoscillations. Thus they make it possible to çlimin~te or reflect harmful currents within a frequency band.
Electric circuits and appliances to be protected are e.g. duplexers for combination of two frequency channels onto one cable or for splitting up of a channel with two frequency bands onto two cables. For this kind of system it is, according to the state of the art, necessary to employ one EMP-filter for each antenn~-feeder-cable. This CA 022~1402 1998-10-26 makes it expensive and complicates its reconstruction or the backfitting of the facilities. Thus a disadvantage of such systems is con.stituted by the complicated and costly lightning protection.
Thus it is the object of the present invention to create an electric circuit with EMP-filters which circuit works as splitter or colllbinel of frequency çh~nn~lc, which can be used for common frequency bands and which can also be used with very high frequencies. When used in a system with several tr~n.smitt~.rs and frequency bands the ~ l;llers are not to disturb each other mutually.
This object is achieved by the invention according to the claims.
The basic idea of the invention is the combination of a duplexer with an EMP-çlimin~tor as a network in an electric circuit with several ports. The electric circuit has coaxial resonance circles and can be employed as lightning protection and ascombiner/splitter. It e.g. works as lightning protector for a system with base stations and ~ntenn~e for transmi.c~ion and reception over several frequency channels. One of the resonance circles on the one hand works as EMP-~limin~tor and on the other hand, in combination with other resonance circles, as duplexer for separating or combining frequency channels. The electric circuit makes it possible to achieve the same li~htning protection for the system that is achieved by use of two individual E~-çlimin~tors.
A prefelled embodiment of the electric circuit e.g. has three ports. A first port is wired as inlet or outlet, a second and third port are correspondingly wired as inlets or outlets. The three ports are embedded in a network of ~J4- and ~2-lines. The connection of the first and second ports and the connection of the first and third CA 022~1402 1998-10-26 ports s~lccee~ls via ~/4-lines. An open ~/2-line is installed on the second port and a ~4 short-circuiting line is installed on the third port.
The invention is explained in more detail in connection with the following figures:
Figure 1 shows an electric s- hem~tic diagram of a part of an exemplified embodiment of the electric circuit with inlet and outlet ports.
Figure 2 shows a section through a part of the mechanical realisation of an exemplified embodiment of the electric circuit according to Figure 1.
Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of part of an exemplified embodiment of the electric circuit according to Figures 1 and 2 wired as a splitter for splitting two frequency channels onto two outlet lines.
Figure4 shows a schematic diagram of part of the exemplified embodiment of the electric circuit according to Figures 1 and 2 wired as a combiner for the combination of two frequency channels onto one outlet line.
Figure 1 shows an electric sçhem~tic diagram of an exemplified embodiment of electric circuit 5. Circuit 5 can be used by means of coaxial lines on e.g. ~ntenn~e of multi-band systems such as tunnel communication, radio nets on frequency bands GSM, PCS, NMT etc. Electric circuit 5 comprises several resonance circles. One resonance circle is on the one hand used as lightning protection for the system on the other hand in combination with other resonance circles as combiner or splitter of frequency ~h~nnels A meçh~nical realisation of electric circuit 5 is shown in Figure 2. Figures 3 and 4 show exemplified embodiments of electric circuit 5 wired as CA 022~1402 1998-10-26 combiner and splitter. Other embodiments and other applications are thinkable tothe specialist with knowledge of the invention.
According to Figure 1 electric circuit 5 has three ports 1, 2, 3. Port 1 can be connected to an inlet line and ports 2 and 3 can correspondingly be connected tooutlet lines or inlet lines or intlet lines are connected to ports 2 and 3 and an outlet line is connected to port 1. Ports 1, 2, 3 are embedded in a network of ~J4-elements and ~12-el~ment.s Port 1 is arranged between ports 2 and 3. Ports 1 and 2 as well as ports 1 and 3 are connected via ~14-lines 12, 13. An open ~12-line is installed on port 2 and a ~4 short-circuiting line 30 is installed on port 3. T.ightning currents and overvoltage spikes entering via ports 1, 2, 3 are eliminated towards earth via ~/4 short-circuiting line 30. 13etween ports 2 and 3 there is an isolation of typically 20dB.
In principle at least two frequency channels can be combined or split with the invention. Electric circuit 5 in the embodiment according to Figure 1 serves as duplexer for two frequency channels fu, fO. The ~J4- and ~/2-elements are matched for the center frequency of the used frequency channels, such that signals from the region of this frequency channel, arriving at ports 1, 2, 3 are either reflected or let through. ~u denominates the medium wavelength of a lower frequency channel fu, ~O
the medium wavelength of an upper frequency channel fO. The frequency channels correspond to frequency bands. A GSM-system is e.g. transmitted as a lower frequency band with a lower center frequency fl of 900 MHz and a PCS-system is tr~n~mitted as an upper frequency band with an upper center frequency f2 of 1800MHz. Thus ~u = 2~o or f2 = 2fl. With knowledge of the present invention the use of other, higher and lower frequencies as well as the use of other frequency relations is possible.
CA 022~1402 1998-10-26 For use of the electric circuit 5 as splitter according to Figure 3 two frequency bands with center frequencies fl, f2 are fed to port 1 via a channel.
Correspondingly, for use of electric circuit 5 as combiner according to Figure 4 a lower frequency channel fu is fed to port 3 and an upper frequency channel fO is fed to port 2. The band width of electric circuit 5 with these specifications is ca. 10% in each frequency channel.
The signals are advantageously fed with a 50 Q source and the outlets are termin~ted with a 50 Q moving load. With knowledge of the present invention use of di~lellL impedance is possible.
Several resonance circles are formed. Port 3 is matched to the lower frequency channel fu for tr~n~mi~sion ofthe lower frequency band and lets signals in the region of the lower center frequency fl pass through unhindered and undamped while signals in the region of the center frequency f2 of the upper frequency channel fO are reflected. Port 2 is matched to upper frequency channel fO for tr~n~mi~sion of the upper frequency band and lets signals in the region of the upper center frequency pass through unhindered and und~mped while signals in the region of center frequency fl of lower frequency channel fu are reflected. Port 1 is matched to both frequency bands and lets signals in the region of the two center frequencies fl, f2 pass through unhin-lered and l-nd~mped In this sense e.g. a GSM-system and a PCS-system can be wired to the same antenna cable without the two tr~n~mitters influencing each other mutually.
Frequencies of up to 18 GHz can be ~ n~ led with electric circuit 5.
Claims (10)
1. Electric circuit with a EMp-eliminator, characterized in that it comprises several ports (1,2, 3) as inlets and outlets to coaxial lines, that the ports (1,2, 3) are connected via a network of ~J4-lines (12, 13), that on one port (2) an open ~J2-line (20) is installed and that on one port (3) a ~J4-short circuiting line (30) is installed, such that the circuit (5) can be wired as lightning eliminator and as combiner or splitter of frequency channels (fu, fo).
2. Electric circuit (5) according to claim 1, characterized in that the ~J4- and~J2-elements are matched to the center frequencies (f1, f2) of two frequency channels (fu, fo), such that signals from the region of these frequency channels(fu, fo) are reflected or let pass through.
3. Electric circuit (5) according to claim 2, characterized in that the port (3) is matched to the lower frequency channel (fu) for transmission of the lower frequency band and lets signals in the region of the lower center frequency (f1)pass through unhindered and undamped and reflects signals in the region of the center frequency (f2) of the upper frequency channel (fo), that the port (2) is matched to the upper frequency channel (fo) for transmission of the upper frequency band and lets signals in the region of the upper center frequency (f2)pass through unhindered and undamped and signals in the region of the center frequency (f1) of the lower frequency channel are reflected and that the port (1) is matched to both frequency bands and lets signals from the region of both center frequencies (f1, f2) pass through unhindered and undamped.
4. Electric circuit (5) according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the medium wavelength (~o) of the upper frequency channel (fo) is twice the size of the medium wavelength (~u) of the lower frequency channel (fu).
5. Electric circuit (5) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the ~4-short circuit (30) eliminates lightning currents and overvoltage spikes whichenter via the ports (1, 2, 3).
6. Electric circuit according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that there is an insulation of 20 dB between ports (2) and (3).
7. Application of an electric circuit (5) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a line which enters the port (1) with two frequency channels is split at the ports (2, 3) onto two outgoing lines with separated frequency channels (fu, fo).
8. Application of an electric circuit (5) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a lower frequency channel (fu) is fed to the port (3), that a upper frequency channel (fo) is fed to the port (2) and that these frequency channels (fu, fo) are combined onto an outgoing line on port (1).
9. Application of an electric circuit (5) according to one of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that a GSM-system and a PCS-system are wired to the same antenna cable without the two transmitters influencing each other mutually.
10. Device for the mechanical realisation of the electric circuit (5) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that ~J4-lines (12, 13) consist of ~4-elements wired in series.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH250897 | 1997-10-29 | ||
| CH02508/97 | 1997-10-29 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2251402A1 true CA2251402A1 (en) | 1999-04-29 |
Family
ID=4235371
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002251402A Abandoned CA2251402A1 (en) | 1997-10-29 | 1998-10-26 | Circuit with emp-charge-eliminator |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0913878A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU8960098A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2251402A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2133255T1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6366183B1 (en) | 1999-12-09 | 2002-04-02 | Hughes Electronics Corp. | Low PIM coaxial diplexer interface |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR980157A (en) * | 1948-02-20 | 1951-05-09 | Rca Corp | System of transmission lines to operate two or more transmitters simultaneously on the same antenna |
| US2909774A (en) * | 1957-10-10 | 1959-10-20 | Du Mont Allen B Lab Inc | Multiplexing device |
| FR1503958A (en) * | 1966-10-20 | 1967-12-01 | Cit Alcatel | Routing filter for transceiver |
| FR2571550B1 (en) * | 1984-10-08 | 1987-12-11 | Teleinformatique Communic Et | PROTECTION DEVICE FOR COAXIAL LINE |
| US4985800A (en) * | 1989-10-30 | 1991-01-15 | Feldman Nathan W | Lighting protection apparatus for RF equipment and the like |
-
1998
- 1998-10-20 ES ES98119835T patent/ES2133255T1/en active Pending
- 1998-10-20 EP EP98119835A patent/EP0913878A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-10-26 CA CA002251402A patent/CA2251402A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-10-27 AU AU89600/98A patent/AU8960098A/en not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU8960098A (en) | 1999-05-20 |
| ES2133255T1 (en) | 1999-09-16 |
| EP0913878A1 (en) | 1999-05-06 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |