CA2138635A1 - Process for reducing the pollutant content and for reducing the ammonium content and the cod and bod5 values in waste water from composting - Google Patents
Process for reducing the pollutant content and for reducing the ammonium content and the cod and bod5 values in waste water from compostingInfo
- Publication number
- CA2138635A1 CA2138635A1 CA 2138635 CA2138635A CA2138635A1 CA 2138635 A1 CA2138635 A1 CA 2138635A1 CA 2138635 CA2138635 CA 2138635 CA 2138635 A CA2138635 A CA 2138635A CA 2138635 A1 CA2138635 A1 CA 2138635A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- waste water
- composting
- filling
- reducing
- stage
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
- C02F3/04—Aerobic processes using trickle filters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/10—Addition or removal of substances other than water or air to or from the material during the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/60—Heating or cooling during the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
- C05F17/964—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors
- C05F17/971—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging materials to be treated; for feeding or discharging other material
- C05F17/986—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging materials to be treated; for feeding or discharging other material the other material being liquid
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
- Biological Treatment Of Waste Water (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract Process for reducing the pollutant content and for reducing the ammonium content and the COD and BOD5 values in waste water from composting A process is described for reducing the pollutant content and for reducing the ammonium content and the COD and BOD5 values in waste water from composting, wherein a) the waste water from the composting process is separated off from solids, b) the waste water is freed of sludge and then applied at least once from above onto a filling formed from the biomass from the composting process with a particle size of > 25 mm and owing to the action of gravity seeps through between the particles of the filling and runs away downwards, the waste water laden with sludge and solids is separated off from solids and sludge and a portion of the quantity of water is discharged, c) the exhaust air from the composting process is passed as an air stream from bottom to top through the filling according to process step b) in order to achieve aerobic fermentation and the waste water is set to a temperature of 25°C to 35°C by the exhaust air, d) the exhaust air from the purification according to process step b) is purified in a biofilter and discharged into the environment.
Description
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DESCRIPTION . -._ .
The present invention relates to a process for reducing the pollutant content and for reducing the ammonium content and the COD and BOD5 value~ in waste water from composting.
Such waste water is intended for introduction into a municipal sewage treatment plant. owing to the lncreaslngly strlngent antl-pollutlon laws and the restrlctlve condltions of the local authorltles, this lntroductlon requires approprlate preliminary treatment for the waste water contents slnce often hlgh loads of phosphorus and nltrogen compounds and in part -considerable residues of organic substances are contalned in such waste water. In composting plants for the dispo~al or use of biologlcal wa~te, waste water 1B produced whlch has COD and BOD5 values and an -ammonium content which do not meet the effluent -standards Of many sewage treatment plants.
A process for reducing the pollutant content of ~
already-pretreated waste water 18 known from DE-PS :~:
38 05 615. In this process, the waste water passes through a plurality of purification ~tages, in which, ;~
-~ each time distributed over a large surface from above, `; ~ lt i~ applied to a fllllng conslstlng of biomass, preferably straw, and very particularly preferably ; ;
straw in chopped form~ and owing to the action of ~ -gravity seeps through between the particles of the filling and runs away downwards, possibly then to enter a subsequent purification stage. In order to achleve aerobic fermentation, an air Btream iB passed from bottom to top through the filling of each purification -stage. A~ter the flnal purlflcation stage, a Bump 1B - .;
formed in which solids are deposlted as sludge. The ~13~63~
.-purified waste water i8 discharged above the sludge zone. The biomass is replaaed by fresh biomass cyclically after it has largely been fermented. In order to restrict the number of structural purification stages (in an extreme case, to a single stage) provision is made for the waste water to pass several times through the same purification stage during purification. To this end, suitable recycling, e.g.
from the final to the first purification stage, ie introduced. This recycling means that each time a portion of the clarified wai3te water removed from the final purification stage can be returned into the first stage, wherea~ the other portion is discharged, ~-sufficiently purified, into for instance the municipal 1~ sewage treatment plant.
The distribution of the waste water should take place as evenly as possible across tho horizontal cross- -sectional surface of the filling. At the same time, air is blown thro~gh the straw filling from below, 80 ~ :
that an intensive aerobic fermentation process begins. ~ ~i Readily volatile constituents of the waste water, es~ontially ammonia, are caught up and removed by the air stream. A biofilter for the biological ;~
purification of these constituents is provided for purifying the exhaust air.
The separation of other nitrogen compounds and the phosphorus compounds (e.g. nitrates and phosphates) ~-takes place primarily by; binding into the resulting straw compost. During this composting operation, the ;~
organic load of the untreated water is largely degraded.
., . ~.,~.
In 80 doing, the reaction of the carbon from the organic load of the untreated water and partly from the ~ ;~
straw to form carbon dioxide and together with the 213863~
,., -`
.
.nitrogen from the nitrogen compound~ of the untreated ..
water to the bacteria mass takes place. In order to build up the cell substance of the aerobic bacteria, --phosphorus compounds are also removed from the untreated water. -~
- , .
The disadvantage here i8 that in waste water from ~.
composting plants for disposing of or using biological waste the COD and BOD5 values and the ammonium content do not meet the effluent standards of the sewage treatment plants.
It i~i an ob~ect of the present inventlon to provide a ~ .
process for reducing the pollutant content and for reducing the ammonium content and the COD and BOD5 . .;
values in waste water from composting plants for . :~
disposing of or using biological waste which i8 .`
economic, requires low energy consumption and low consumption of fuels and auxiliaries, with all the ... :
materials being removed from the composting process and : : ~:
returned to the composting process after use. . .`:
The ob~ect of the present invention is achieved in that :... .~
a) the waste water from the composting process is ::...... -:;:.
~:: separated off from solids, :.
: ' ' b) the waste water i8 freed of sludge and then applied at least once from above onto a filllng : .
formed from the biomass from the composting process with a particlè size of > 25 mm and owing to the aation of gravity 0eeps through between the ~:~ particles of the filling and runs away downwards, the waste water laden with sludge and solids is separated off from solids and sludge and a portion of the quantity of water is discharged, : :
. .
: ' ::;:
2138~35 -c) the exhaust air from the composting process i8 passed as an air ~tream from bottom to top through the filling according to process step b) in order to achieve aerobic fermentation and the waste water iB set to a temperature of 25C to 35C by the exhaust air, d) the exhaust air from the purification according to proces~ ~tep b) is purified in-a biofilter and disaharged into the environment.
. - ......
The process according to the invention has the advantage that the resource~ existing at a composting works are used and no residues which have to be additlonally disposedoffare caused. The contact ~-material usea is recycled back into the composting -~
prooes~ after a period of use of several months. The -proce~s requires low energy consumption, low consumption of fuels and auxiliaries and low capital ~ -~; investment and low operating and maintenance costs, compared with the prior art.
One partioular advantage of the process according to the invention, compared with the process known from DE-PS 38 05 615, lies in that the pressure 1089 of the air stream which is passed through the filling is lower by far owing to the particle size of > 25 mm. This save~ energy, ~ince no great pres~ure is required for the air stream, compared with other filling~. The fiIler làyer accordihgito the invention remains dimensionally ~table over a relatively long time and iB
not contaminated as qulckly as layers of other -material.
The maintenance cost is low for an installation for performing the process according to the invention and ', ~ '~':
?
~'~,~'' ~138635 : , ., ,:
is restricted to the weekly monitoring of the pressure drop and the biofilters.
Another advantage of the proces~ according to the invention resides in that an air stream from the composting process is passed through the contact materlal layer, which stream heats the waste water to a temperature of 250C to 350c which is beneficial for the purification process. The temperature of the air stream and the large exchange surface of the contaot material layer form good prerequisites for enriching the waste water with oxygen and for discharging -;
ammonia. A biological film, which decomposes the organic contents of the waste water, forms on the contact material layer within a few hours to several daye. Owing to the optimum oxygen supply and provision of a carbon carrier, namely the contact material layer of organio material, and also owing to the beneficial temperature, there are idsal conditions or the biological decomposition of the ammonium and the surfaces which contribute to high CoD and ~OD5 values.
The removal of the ammonia which is released is likewise promoted by the temperature according to the process.
Accordlng to the present invention, the warm exhaust air from the intensive rotting stage can be used as the air stream which ls passed through the filler layer ~rom below. The exhaust air from the intensive rotting stage, which may be at a temperature of up to 70c, is first;passed through a heat exchanger. The incoming air to the intensive rotting stags can be heated up by the cooling of the exhaust alr from the intensive rotting stage.
Particularly preferably, the sieve fraction > 25 mm ~ ~-from the after-rotting stage can be used for the ;;
. ,,.:.~,,',. '':', - ': .' ' ':'-".,'''~
:'', : -~. . . . ~.
.
DESCRIPTION . -._ .
The present invention relates to a process for reducing the pollutant content and for reducing the ammonium content and the COD and BOD5 value~ in waste water from composting.
Such waste water is intended for introduction into a municipal sewage treatment plant. owing to the lncreaslngly strlngent antl-pollutlon laws and the restrlctlve condltions of the local authorltles, this lntroductlon requires approprlate preliminary treatment for the waste water contents slnce often hlgh loads of phosphorus and nltrogen compounds and in part -considerable residues of organic substances are contalned in such waste water. In composting plants for the dispo~al or use of biologlcal wa~te, waste water 1B produced whlch has COD and BOD5 values and an -ammonium content which do not meet the effluent -standards Of many sewage treatment plants.
A process for reducing the pollutant content of ~
already-pretreated waste water 18 known from DE-PS :~:
38 05 615. In this process, the waste water passes through a plurality of purification ~tages, in which, ;~
-~ each time distributed over a large surface from above, `; ~ lt i~ applied to a fllllng conslstlng of biomass, preferably straw, and very particularly preferably ; ;
straw in chopped form~ and owing to the action of ~ -gravity seeps through between the particles of the filling and runs away downwards, possibly then to enter a subsequent purification stage. In order to achleve aerobic fermentation, an air Btream iB passed from bottom to top through the filling of each purification -stage. A~ter the flnal purlflcation stage, a Bump 1B - .;
formed in which solids are deposlted as sludge. The ~13~63~
.-purified waste water i8 discharged above the sludge zone. The biomass is replaaed by fresh biomass cyclically after it has largely been fermented. In order to restrict the number of structural purification stages (in an extreme case, to a single stage) provision is made for the waste water to pass several times through the same purification stage during purification. To this end, suitable recycling, e.g.
from the final to the first purification stage, ie introduced. This recycling means that each time a portion of the clarified wai3te water removed from the final purification stage can be returned into the first stage, wherea~ the other portion is discharged, ~-sufficiently purified, into for instance the municipal 1~ sewage treatment plant.
The distribution of the waste water should take place as evenly as possible across tho horizontal cross- -sectional surface of the filling. At the same time, air is blown thro~gh the straw filling from below, 80 ~ :
that an intensive aerobic fermentation process begins. ~ ~i Readily volatile constituents of the waste water, es~ontially ammonia, are caught up and removed by the air stream. A biofilter for the biological ;~
purification of these constituents is provided for purifying the exhaust air.
The separation of other nitrogen compounds and the phosphorus compounds (e.g. nitrates and phosphates) ~-takes place primarily by; binding into the resulting straw compost. During this composting operation, the ;~
organic load of the untreated water is largely degraded.
., . ~.,~.
In 80 doing, the reaction of the carbon from the organic load of the untreated water and partly from the ~ ;~
straw to form carbon dioxide and together with the 213863~
,., -`
.
.nitrogen from the nitrogen compound~ of the untreated ..
water to the bacteria mass takes place. In order to build up the cell substance of the aerobic bacteria, --phosphorus compounds are also removed from the untreated water. -~
- , .
The disadvantage here i8 that in waste water from ~.
composting plants for disposing of or using biological waste the COD and BOD5 values and the ammonium content do not meet the effluent standards of the sewage treatment plants.
It i~i an ob~ect of the present inventlon to provide a ~ .
process for reducing the pollutant content and for reducing the ammonium content and the COD and BOD5 . .;
values in waste water from composting plants for . :~
disposing of or using biological waste which i8 .`
economic, requires low energy consumption and low consumption of fuels and auxiliaries, with all the ... :
materials being removed from the composting process and : : ~:
returned to the composting process after use. . .`:
The ob~ect of the present invention is achieved in that :... .~
a) the waste water from the composting process is ::...... -:;:.
~:: separated off from solids, :.
: ' ' b) the waste water i8 freed of sludge and then applied at least once from above onto a filllng : .
formed from the biomass from the composting process with a particlè size of > 25 mm and owing to the aation of gravity 0eeps through between the ~:~ particles of the filling and runs away downwards, the waste water laden with sludge and solids is separated off from solids and sludge and a portion of the quantity of water is discharged, : :
. .
: ' ::;:
2138~35 -c) the exhaust air from the composting process i8 passed as an air ~tream from bottom to top through the filling according to process step b) in order to achieve aerobic fermentation and the waste water iB set to a temperature of 25C to 35C by the exhaust air, d) the exhaust air from the purification according to proces~ ~tep b) is purified in-a biofilter and disaharged into the environment.
. - ......
The process according to the invention has the advantage that the resource~ existing at a composting works are used and no residues which have to be additlonally disposedoffare caused. The contact ~-material usea is recycled back into the composting -~
prooes~ after a period of use of several months. The -proce~s requires low energy consumption, low consumption of fuels and auxiliaries and low capital ~ -~; investment and low operating and maintenance costs, compared with the prior art.
One partioular advantage of the process according to the invention, compared with the process known from DE-PS 38 05 615, lies in that the pressure 1089 of the air stream which is passed through the filling is lower by far owing to the particle size of > 25 mm. This save~ energy, ~ince no great pres~ure is required for the air stream, compared with other filling~. The fiIler làyer accordihgito the invention remains dimensionally ~table over a relatively long time and iB
not contaminated as qulckly as layers of other -material.
The maintenance cost is low for an installation for performing the process according to the invention and ', ~ '~':
?
~'~,~'' ~138635 : , ., ,:
is restricted to the weekly monitoring of the pressure drop and the biofilters.
Another advantage of the proces~ according to the invention resides in that an air stream from the composting process is passed through the contact materlal layer, which stream heats the waste water to a temperature of 250C to 350c which is beneficial for the purification process. The temperature of the air stream and the large exchange surface of the contaot material layer form good prerequisites for enriching the waste water with oxygen and for discharging -;
ammonia. A biological film, which decomposes the organic contents of the waste water, forms on the contact material layer within a few hours to several daye. Owing to the optimum oxygen supply and provision of a carbon carrier, namely the contact material layer of organio material, and also owing to the beneficial temperature, there are idsal conditions or the biological decomposition of the ammonium and the surfaces which contribute to high CoD and ~OD5 values.
The removal of the ammonia which is released is likewise promoted by the temperature according to the process.
Accordlng to the present invention, the warm exhaust air from the intensive rotting stage can be used as the air stream which ls passed through the filler layer ~rom below. The exhaust air from the intensive rotting stage, which may be at a temperature of up to 70c, is first;passed through a heat exchanger. The incoming air to the intensive rotting stags can be heated up by the cooling of the exhaust alr from the intensive rotting stage.
Particularly preferably, the sieve fraction > 25 mm ~ ~-from the after-rotting stage can be used for the ;;
. ,,.:.~,,',. '':', - ': .' ' ':'-".,'''~
:'', : -~. . . . ~.
2~3~3~
:
filling. In the after-rotting stage, the fresh compost from the intenslve rotting stage after-ripens. AftQr the after-rotting ~tage ha~ ended, the compos is ~ieved_ to 25 mm. ~he sieve fraction > 25 mm from the after-rotting stage can be used very effectively according tothe lnvention for the filling for purifying waste water from the compo~ting process, namely from the lntensive rotting and after-rotting stages. This filling has the advantages already mentioned, which mean~ that the ~- ~
ob~ect can be achieved particularly well. The filler - ;
material ¢onsumed i9 recycled into the after-rotting stage after a period of use of several months, and thus remain~ in the composting proces~. Therefore no :-residual substances which have to be disposed of or dumped are produced. The solids and sludge separated off in process steps (a) and (b) are likewise dlscharged lnto the composting process, so that here too no resldual substances whlch have to be dl~posed of ~ -or dumped are produced.
~ 20 The use of the exhaust alr from the intensive rotting ; ~ stage has not only the advantage that warm air is used, but also that the air i9 laden with biological-organic substances and flows across the waste water in a ~ i counter-current flow.
One advantageous form of the invention is that the pH
value in proces~ stage (b) is set to 8 to 11 by the additlon of milk of llme or sodium hydroxide solutlon.
In the case of, waste water compositions which have a carbon/nitrogen ratio which is not favourable for the biological decomposition of the organic contents, good results are achieved upon the removal of NH3 by increasing the pH value. It has been shown that the ~-biological activity is not impaired up to pH values of 10 to 11.
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~138~3~ :
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one advantageou~ form of the invention is that the waste water according to process stage (c) is set to a -temperature of 28C to 32C. In this temperature range, particularly good conditions for the biological decomposition of the ammonium and the substances which contribute to high COD and BOD5 values prevail.
Particularly good results are achieved for the separation of the ammonla at this temperature.
~. :.
one advantageous form of the invention i8 that the applioation of the waste water to the filling according to process stage (b) takes place in a closed, isolated vessel. A container which is connected to the incoming-air line of an intensive rotting chain is used as the closed, isolated ves6el. The 10 to 14 days' rotting time (intensive rotting) is carried out in container~ as rotting reactors. In the intensive rotting stage, a plurality of containers are combined to form an intensive rotting chain. The advantage of using a container resides in that it is mobile and spa¢e-saving.
, ~ .
one advantageous form of the invention is that the ~ -quantity of the wa~te water from the composting which ~ ; i is ~eparated off from solids according to process step (a) is set to be less than or equal to the quantity of the waste water discharged according to process stage (b)-one particularly!advantageous form of the invention is ;;
that the introduction and removal and also recycling of - ':
the waste water according to process 6tage (bJ takes place continuously. The process according to the invention can very advantageously be performed continuously. To this end, a circuit is formed of preferably one purification container and one receiving ~-~
bAsin. In the receiving basin, the waste water is '' '''; '''~' ' . ' ': ':,.
. ~' ,''''':' ' `i . . i' ~138~3~ ;
....
g , ~
fresd of sludge and solids and 18 passed into the purification container and from there is recycled into the receiving basin as a sludge- and sollds-containing waste water. Wa~te water from the composting is -~
collected in the receiving basin, and waste water is removed Prom the receivlng basin as sufficiently purified waste water. The recycling is performed until the waste water in the receiving basin has become 80 depleted in pollutants and ammonium and the COD and BOD5 values have dropped 80 low that a portion of the waste --water can be discharged continuously into the public sewage ~ystem and hence to the sewage treatment plant as being sufficiently purified.
one advantageous form of the invention is that the spent filling according to process stage (b) is transforred into the composting stage.
According to the invention, provision is made for the use of biomass having a particle size of ~ 25 mm from the composting process as a fillinq for the process according to Claims 1 to 7. In this case, preferably the screen oversize > 25 mm from the after-rotting etage i~ provided as filling material. This filling material offers the advantages that it is already ~~
colonieed by populations of various aerobic ~ -microorganism~ and is available free at the plant. ~
, . .: .;: ..
:..,,~
The invention will be explained with reference to the -~ -figure and to the examplè.
Figure ~ ~-The .igure shows a diagram of the circuit according to the invention con~isting of the purification reactor and the recelving basin. The reactor essentially consists of a standing, closed reactor vessel (1), in which a sieve plate (3) is recessed which is intended ` 213~635 . ,~, . .
.
, .
to receive the filling (2) consisting of the sieve Praction > 25 mm from the after-rotting stage. Through the upper end face of the reaotor vessel (1), the waste water is distributed evenly onto the filler layer (2) by a sy~tem of 6pray nozzles (4). On the upper part of the reactor (1), a exhaust air line (5) leads out to a blofilter (not shown). Warm proces6 air is passed through air nozzles (7) into the reactor vessel (1) through the sieve plate (3) and the filler layer (2).
Beneath the sieve plate (3), the waste water containing ~ludge and solids is collected, removed via line (8) and introduced into the receiving basin (9). Solids and sludge are removed from the receiving basin (9) via line (10) into the composting process, i.e. into the intensive rotting stage. Water freed of solids and ~ludge 18 passed from the receiving basin (9) via line (11) into the reactor ves~el (1) and is distributed evenly on to the filling (2) via the spray nozzles (4).
Waste water from the composting process is introduced into the receiving basin (9) via line (12).
Sufficiently-purified water is removed via line (13), with the content of pollutants and the ammonium content ...... .. .
and al80 the COD and BOD5 values lying below beneath the J
prescribed effluent standards for the sewage treatment plan~s. -; ~;, Example The purification process is continuously operated in a circuit, formed of the reactor (1) and the receiving ~ ;
basin (9). Waste water ~rom the composting process is continuously introduced into the receiving basin (9) via line (12), and sufficiently-purified water is continuou~ly withdrawn from the receiving basin (g) via line (13~. The quantities of water and the ammonium contents and also the COD and BOD5 values will be -3S explained with reference to the table shown below.
Only the ammonium contents and the COD and ~OD5 values ~ -~
. ~',"
: ' '"' "
2138i6~ :
~. ` .
: .
11 . .
are shown, since the process according to the invention -~
is a new and very effective method for reducing the ammonium content and lowering the COD and ~OD5 values.
Table Line~ 12 9 11 8 lo 13 Rates of wa~te 500 - 10000 10000 ~ 5 495 water Ammonium content 300 80 80 69 * 80 mg/l COD 14000 1400 1400 770 * 1400 mg/l .
80D5 9000 600* 600* 180 * 600 ~:
mg/l : ,..:;
~ Ammonium and organic substance are biologically decompossd in the after-rotting stage. ::. .:.:. .
. ,~, ,: - . , -: . . , : . :- ~:- :, ::: :-::
., .. .: :~ :.: ,,,:
.': ~ ;''''''`~' :,:
- ~
:
filling. In the after-rotting stage, the fresh compost from the intenslve rotting stage after-ripens. AftQr the after-rotting ~tage ha~ ended, the compos is ~ieved_ to 25 mm. ~he sieve fraction > 25 mm from the after-rotting stage can be used very effectively according tothe lnvention for the filling for purifying waste water from the compo~ting process, namely from the lntensive rotting and after-rotting stages. This filling has the advantages already mentioned, which mean~ that the ~- ~
ob~ect can be achieved particularly well. The filler - ;
material ¢onsumed i9 recycled into the after-rotting stage after a period of use of several months, and thus remain~ in the composting proces~. Therefore no :-residual substances which have to be disposed of or dumped are produced. The solids and sludge separated off in process steps (a) and (b) are likewise dlscharged lnto the composting process, so that here too no resldual substances whlch have to be dl~posed of ~ -or dumped are produced.
~ 20 The use of the exhaust alr from the intensive rotting ; ~ stage has not only the advantage that warm air is used, but also that the air i9 laden with biological-organic substances and flows across the waste water in a ~ i counter-current flow.
One advantageous form of the invention is that the pH
value in proces~ stage (b) is set to 8 to 11 by the additlon of milk of llme or sodium hydroxide solutlon.
In the case of, waste water compositions which have a carbon/nitrogen ratio which is not favourable for the biological decomposition of the organic contents, good results are achieved upon the removal of NH3 by increasing the pH value. It has been shown that the ~-biological activity is not impaired up to pH values of 10 to 11.
'' ~',."".".:~
~:: Y :;:
, "' 1 " ., ,,' .
: .
?
~138~3~ :
- :
one advantageou~ form of the invention is that the waste water according to process stage (c) is set to a -temperature of 28C to 32C. In this temperature range, particularly good conditions for the biological decomposition of the ammonium and the substances which contribute to high COD and BOD5 values prevail.
Particularly good results are achieved for the separation of the ammonla at this temperature.
~. :.
one advantageous form of the invention i8 that the applioation of the waste water to the filling according to process stage (b) takes place in a closed, isolated vessel. A container which is connected to the incoming-air line of an intensive rotting chain is used as the closed, isolated ves6el. The 10 to 14 days' rotting time (intensive rotting) is carried out in container~ as rotting reactors. In the intensive rotting stage, a plurality of containers are combined to form an intensive rotting chain. The advantage of using a container resides in that it is mobile and spa¢e-saving.
, ~ .
one advantageous form of the invention is that the ~ -quantity of the wa~te water from the composting which ~ ; i is ~eparated off from solids according to process step (a) is set to be less than or equal to the quantity of the waste water discharged according to process stage (b)-one particularly!advantageous form of the invention is ;;
that the introduction and removal and also recycling of - ':
the waste water according to process 6tage (bJ takes place continuously. The process according to the invention can very advantageously be performed continuously. To this end, a circuit is formed of preferably one purification container and one receiving ~-~
bAsin. In the receiving basin, the waste water is '' '''; '''~' ' . ' ': ':,.
. ~' ,''''':' ' `i . . i' ~138~3~ ;
....
g , ~
fresd of sludge and solids and 18 passed into the purification container and from there is recycled into the receiving basin as a sludge- and sollds-containing waste water. Wa~te water from the composting is -~
collected in the receiving basin, and waste water is removed Prom the receivlng basin as sufficiently purified waste water. The recycling is performed until the waste water in the receiving basin has become 80 depleted in pollutants and ammonium and the COD and BOD5 values have dropped 80 low that a portion of the waste --water can be discharged continuously into the public sewage ~ystem and hence to the sewage treatment plant as being sufficiently purified.
one advantageous form of the invention is that the spent filling according to process stage (b) is transforred into the composting stage.
According to the invention, provision is made for the use of biomass having a particle size of ~ 25 mm from the composting process as a fillinq for the process according to Claims 1 to 7. In this case, preferably the screen oversize > 25 mm from the after-rotting etage i~ provided as filling material. This filling material offers the advantages that it is already ~~
colonieed by populations of various aerobic ~ -microorganism~ and is available free at the plant. ~
, . .: .;: ..
:..,,~
The invention will be explained with reference to the -~ -figure and to the examplè.
Figure ~ ~-The .igure shows a diagram of the circuit according to the invention con~isting of the purification reactor and the recelving basin. The reactor essentially consists of a standing, closed reactor vessel (1), in which a sieve plate (3) is recessed which is intended ` 213~635 . ,~, . .
.
, .
to receive the filling (2) consisting of the sieve Praction > 25 mm from the after-rotting stage. Through the upper end face of the reaotor vessel (1), the waste water is distributed evenly onto the filler layer (2) by a sy~tem of 6pray nozzles (4). On the upper part of the reactor (1), a exhaust air line (5) leads out to a blofilter (not shown). Warm proces6 air is passed through air nozzles (7) into the reactor vessel (1) through the sieve plate (3) and the filler layer (2).
Beneath the sieve plate (3), the waste water containing ~ludge and solids is collected, removed via line (8) and introduced into the receiving basin (9). Solids and sludge are removed from the receiving basin (9) via line (10) into the composting process, i.e. into the intensive rotting stage. Water freed of solids and ~ludge 18 passed from the receiving basin (9) via line (11) into the reactor ves~el (1) and is distributed evenly on to the filling (2) via the spray nozzles (4).
Waste water from the composting process is introduced into the receiving basin (9) via line (12).
Sufficiently-purified water is removed via line (13), with the content of pollutants and the ammonium content ...... .. .
and al80 the COD and BOD5 values lying below beneath the J
prescribed effluent standards for the sewage treatment plan~s. -; ~;, Example The purification process is continuously operated in a circuit, formed of the reactor (1) and the receiving ~ ;
basin (9). Waste water ~rom the composting process is continuously introduced into the receiving basin (9) via line (12), and sufficiently-purified water is continuou~ly withdrawn from the receiving basin (g) via line (13~. The quantities of water and the ammonium contents and also the COD and BOD5 values will be -3S explained with reference to the table shown below.
Only the ammonium contents and the COD and ~OD5 values ~ -~
. ~',"
: ' '"' "
2138i6~ :
~. ` .
: .
11 . .
are shown, since the process according to the invention -~
is a new and very effective method for reducing the ammonium content and lowering the COD and ~OD5 values.
Table Line~ 12 9 11 8 lo 13 Rates of wa~te 500 - 10000 10000 ~ 5 495 water Ammonium content 300 80 80 69 * 80 mg/l COD 14000 1400 1400 770 * 1400 mg/l .
80D5 9000 600* 600* 180 * 600 ~:
mg/l : ,..:;
~ Ammonium and organic substance are biologically decompossd in the after-rotting stage. ::. .:.:. .
. ,~, ,: - . , -: . . , : . :- ~:- :, ::: :-::
., .. .: :~ :.: ,,,:
.': ~ ;''''''`~' :,:
- ~
Claims (8)
1. A process for reducing the pollutant content and for reducing the ammonium content and the COD and BOD5 values in waste water from composting, wherein a) the waste water from the composting process is separated off from solids, b) the waste water is freed of sludge and then applied at least once from above onto a filling formed from the biomass from the composting process with a particle size of > 25 mm and owing to the action of gravity seeps through between the particles of the filling and runs away downwards, the waste water laden with sludge and solids is separated off from solids and sludge and a portion of the quantity of water is discharged, c) the exhaust air from the composting process is passed as an air stream from bottom to top through the filling according to process step b) in order to achieve aerobic fermentation and the waste water is set to a temperature of 25°C to 35°C by the exhaust air, d) the exhaust air from the purification according to process step b) is purified in a biofilter and discharged into the environment.
2. A process according to Claim 1, characterised in that the pH value in process stage (b) is set to 8 to 11 by the addition of milk of lime or sodium hydroxide solution.
3. A process according to Claim 1, characterised in that the waste water according to process stage (c) is set to a temperature of 28°C to 32°C.
4. A process according to Claim 1.
characterised in that the application of the waste water to the filling according to process stage (b) takes place in a closed, isolated vessel.
characterised in that the application of the waste water to the filling according to process stage (b) takes place in a closed, isolated vessel.
5. A process according to Claim 1, characterised in that the quantity of the waste water from the composting which is separated off from solids according to process step (a) is set to be less than or equal to the quantity of the waste water discharged according to process stage (b).
6. . A process according to Claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, characterised in that the introduction and removal and also recycling of the waste water according to process stage (b) takes place continuously.
7. A process according to Claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, characterised in that the spent filling according to process stage (b) is transferred into the composting stage.
8. The use of biomass having a particle size of > 25 mm from the composting process as a filling for the process according to Claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4343767A DE4343767C1 (en) | 1993-12-21 | 1993-12-21 | Process for decreasing the pollutant content and for reducing the ammonium content and the COD and BOD5 values in composting waste water |
| DEP4343767.2 | 1993-12-21 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2138635A1 true CA2138635A1 (en) | 1995-06-22 |
Family
ID=6505722
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2138635 Abandoned CA2138635A1 (en) | 1993-12-21 | 1994-12-20 | Process for reducing the pollutant content and for reducing the ammonium content and the cod and bod5 values in waste water from composting |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0659696B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE168973T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2138635A1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4343767C1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19602489A1 (en) * | 1996-01-25 | 1997-07-31 | Christian Widmer | Process for the biological treatment of organic materials and device for carrying out the process |
| AU1394501A (en) * | 1999-11-26 | 2001-06-04 | Eurec Technology Gmbh Entsorgungsanlagen | Aeration device for digestion pits or similar waste disposal sites and a method for operating said aeration device |
| SE0001259L (en) * | 2000-04-06 | 2001-10-07 | Axelsson | Methods and apparatus for water purification |
| FR2833254B1 (en) * | 2001-12-07 | 2004-10-08 | Rhizos Engenierie | BIOLOGICAL WATER PURIFICATION METHOD, MODULE AND TREATMENT UNIT FOR WATER PURIFICATION |
| AU2002951622A0 (en) * | 2002-09-24 | 2002-10-10 | C S Associated Pty Ltd | Improvements relating to treatment of waste materials |
| DE102004053615B3 (en) * | 2004-11-03 | 2006-05-18 | Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus | Degradation of biogenic material |
| CN102674923A (en) * | 2011-03-15 | 2012-09-19 | 无锡市祥云菇业有限公司 | Centralized fermentation tunnel |
| DE102014216922B4 (en) | 2014-08-26 | 2018-03-15 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Plant for the production of fertilizers from organic waste and processes for the production of fertilizers from organic waste |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB543865A (en) * | 1940-09-14 | 1942-03-17 | James Alger Coombs | Improvements in or relating to a plant for the treatment of water supplies for domestic use, sewage and the like, and the manufacture of fertilisers |
| FR1134377A (en) * | 1955-05-05 | 1957-04-10 | Process and installation for the treatment of waste water and synthetic organic fertilizer obtained by this process | |
| DE3428798A1 (en) * | 1984-01-26 | 1985-08-01 | Linde Ag, 6200 Wiesbaden | Apparatus for purifying exhaust gas |
| DE3805615A1 (en) * | 1988-02-19 | 1989-08-31 | Mannesmann Ag | Process and apparatus for decreasing the pollutant content of waste water |
| US4882058A (en) * | 1988-05-11 | 1989-11-21 | Ramos-Thibault Corp. | Organic waste recycling system and method |
| DE3923832A1 (en) * | 1989-07-19 | 1991-01-24 | Markgraf Karl | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR WASTEWATER CLEANING |
| DE4307584A1 (en) * | 1993-01-13 | 1994-07-14 | Herhof Umwelttechnik Gmbh | Compost waste water cleaning |
-
1993
- 1993-12-21 DE DE4343767A patent/DE4343767C1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1994
- 1994-12-13 DE DE59406558T patent/DE59406558D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-12-13 AT AT94203611T patent/ATE168973T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-12-13 EP EP94203611A patent/EP0659696B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-12-20 CA CA 2138635 patent/CA2138635A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE59406558D1 (en) | 1998-09-03 |
| EP0659696A1 (en) | 1995-06-28 |
| EP0659696B1 (en) | 1998-07-29 |
| ATE168973T1 (en) | 1998-08-15 |
| DE4343767C1 (en) | 1995-02-16 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| FZDE | Discontinued |