CA2101818A1 - Double wall fittings for use with double wall pipeline systems - Google Patents
Double wall fittings for use with double wall pipeline systemsInfo
- Publication number
- CA2101818A1 CA2101818A1 CA002101818A CA2101818A CA2101818A1 CA 2101818 A1 CA2101818 A1 CA 2101818A1 CA 002101818 A CA002101818 A CA 002101818A CA 2101818 A CA2101818 A CA 2101818A CA 2101818 A1 CA2101818 A1 CA 2101818A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- compression
- pipeline
- double wall
- fitting
- terminals
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L39/00—Joints or fittings for double-walled or multi-channel pipes or pipe assemblies
- F16L39/005—Joints or fittings for double-walled or multi-channel pipes or pipe assemblies for concentric pipes
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Quick-Acting Or Multi-Walled Pipe Joints (AREA)
- Pipeline Systems (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract of Disclosure A double wall compression fitting is dimensioned for attachment to a double wall pipeline system having an inner pipeline and an outer pipeline. The fitting is comprised of an inner housing having at least two terminals, an outer housing encasing the inner housing in a manner to form an annular space therebetween and a compression connecting assembly. The compression connection assembly connects the inner and outer housings to the double wall pipeline system so that the annular space between the housings is in communication with an annular space between the pipelines of the double wall pipeline system. The compression connecting assembly includes a coupler with means to compress it to form a compression seal with the outer pipeline, and a compression spacer with at least one lateral communication port.
Description
2 1 ~ 8 DOUBLE WALL FITTINGS FOR USE WITH
DOUBLE WALL PIPELINE SYSTEMS
I This invention relate to fittings for use on ¦ pipeline systems for conveying ]iquids. More particularly, the invention relates to double walled ~ fittings for use on double wall pipeline systems.
I Back~round of the Invention Pipelines are used extensively for conveying liquids. One area where pipelines are used is in the transporting of liquid from bulk storage tanks. Many types of liquids are stored in bulk, both above ground -~
and underground. A special problem exists with leaks in the pipelines used in connection with underground ~; storage tanks. I~ the liquid being conveyed is a danger to the environment or the health when not controlled, substantial damage can occur before the leak is even detected. A good example of this are the pipelines used to convey liquid gasoline at retail gasoline service stations. Necessarily, these stations are in populated areas and therefore there is always a danger associated with leaks from the tanks or pipelines associated therewith.
Leaked gasoline poses a hazard to the environment 1~ as well as an obvious health hazard. Any leak which j~ develops is normally very slow initially. This means ~ that the leak is di~ficult to detect until a . ... ... . . .,.- ., .,.... .. " . " . ~ ,. - ~
x~
~;~ `` 21~181 g ,~".
substantial amount of gasoline has leaked. By that time environmental damage and possible health problems have occurred.
Various attempts have been made to alleviate the problems associated with underground pipelines, including use o~ double walled pipeline systems. In this type of system, an outer pipeline wall acts as a containment vessel if an inner pipeline wall develops a leak. A slow leak in the pipeline is satisfactorily contained. However, installation of known double walled pipelines is difficult. Initially there can be a problem of getting the innsr pipeline inside of the outer pipeline. This is especially true for long lengths of pipelines wherein the inner pipeline is flexible. Even a semi-rigid inner pipeline is dif~icult to work with due to the fact it is normally wound on a reel in manufacturing. The curved nature of the pipeline stored and shipped in this manner tends to persist.
Another problem experienced with double wall pipeline systems is the need for special fittings normally needed with any pipeline system. Straight fittings, elbows and T-fittings are often used in connecting a pipeline terminal to another pipeline terminal, dispenser, etc. Known fittings used on conventional single wall pipelines are not able to .~
.~
` `.1 .~ .
~:, .` `,1 2~
~ .
!' maintain a segregation of the inner pipeline flow ;f channel ~rom the outer pipeline flow channel. The lack of reliable easy to use fittings for use on double wall pipeline systems has reduced the attractiveness of such ~i systems.
There has now been discovered double wall `i fittings for double wall pipeline systems. The f~i fittings solve many of the problems inherent with the existing fitting systems. The fittings of this invention are economical and provide a means of connecting not available previously.
Summary of the Invention A double wall compression fitting is dimensioned for attachment to a double wall pipeline system having an inner pipeline and an outer pipeline. The fitting is comprised of an inner housing having at least two terminals, an outer housing encasing the inner housing !~$ in a manner to form an annular space therebetween and a compression connecting assembly. The connection assembly is capable of connecting the inner and outer housings to the double wall pipeline system so that an annular space between the housings is in communication with an annular space between the inner an outer pipelines of the double wall pipeline system. The compression connecting assembly has a coupler with :, :;~
nlsl~
means to form a compression seal with the outer i pipeline and to compress a compression spacer so as to transmit an inward compressing force to the inner pipeline. The compression spacer is characterized in having a means of communication between the annular space of the double wall pipeline system and the annular space between the housings.
,, ~ Brief Descr ption of the Drawin~
~,.
"h FIG. 1 is a side view in section of a double wall fitting of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a side view in section of another dou~le wall fitting of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a side view in section of still another double wall fitting of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a double wall pipeline system with a section of a compression spacer forming a part of the fitting of FIG. 1 removed therefrom to show its operation.
, FIG. 5 is a view in perspective view of a double wall pipeline system with a section of a compression ,.~:j spacer forming a part of the fitting of FIG. 3 removed therefrom to show its operation.
FIG. 6 is a side view in section of an elbow double wall fitting with a coupler assembly.
;^ FIG. 7 is a side view of a double wall fitting , 'i '~c ,.,i ~; 5 having a means for monitoring an annular space between housings.
.1 :
Detailed Description of the Invention The double wall compression fittings of the ~ , ¦ invention are useful with double wall pipeline systemsO
¦ The fittings depicted in FIGS. 1-3 are T-fittings having three terminals, each connected to a double wall ;~:
pipeline system. Other fittings such as two terminal ~-~
straight fittings, i.e. couplers, two terminal elbow fittings and four terminal cross ~ittings are within ~ -the scope o~ the invention and readily adapted from the disclosure of the T-fittings which follow.
With re~erence to FIG. 1, there is shown a double wall compression fitting 10 having three terminals.
The fitting 10 is used to connect three separate double wall pipeline systems 11. The pipeline systems lI each ha~e an inner pipeline 12 for conveying a liquid and an outer pipeline 13 encasing the inner pipeline for containing any leaked liquid. An annular space 14 is formed between the pipelines. The double wall pipeline systems 11 are made of an extruded plastic. Other rigid and semi-rigid materials can as well be used to form the pipeline systems. The inner : :~
pipeline generally ranges from about ona-half inch to a~out six inches in diameter and the outer pipeline / :
slightly larger, though the diameters of the pipelines are not critical and are dictated by the end use.
In accord with this invention, the fitting used for the double wall pipeline systems 11 ensures that the flow paths of liquid in the inner pipeline remains separate when passing through the fitting. Thus, each inner pipeline is connected to the fitting in a sealed manner so that liquid which flows through one inner pipeline will be forced to flow into one or more other inner pipelines. Similarly, a common separate path connects the annular spaces 14 between the three pipelines.
The double wall compression fitting 10 is comprised of an inner housing 15, an outer housing 16 substantially encasing the inner housing and a compression connecting assembly 17. Each of the components is described in detail below.
The inner housing 15 is preferably a one piece construction. The interior of it forms a flow path connecting the flow of li~uid through the inner pipelines of the double wall pipeline systems. Each leg of the inner housing has an externally recessed terminal 18, preferably with a series o~ ridgPs 19 extending around its circumference to better engage the inner pipeline and retain it when placed thereover.
Preferably, t.hough not necessary, O-rings 20 are ~, ' " .
2 ~ 8 , ,i . .
positioned on the recessed terminals in O-ring grooves 21 to provide a seal with the inner pipeline. Band clamps 22 are also provided to compress the inner pipeline and O-rings onto the inner housing terminals to ensure a liquid tight seal. Preferably, also, a metal reinforcing sleev~ 23 is inserted in the terminals of the inner housing to keep them from collapsing.
The outer housing 16 substantially encases the inner housing 15. It has the same general shape, though its legs are shorter to allow access to the band clamps for tightening purposes. A terminal of each leg ~-has ~xterior threads 24. An annular space 25 between the housings is formed which is in communication with the annular space 14 between the double wall pipelines ~hrough ths compression connecting assembly described below.
~The compression conne~ting assembly 17 is used to ¦~connect the inner and outer pipelines of the double wall pipeline system 11 to the inner and outer housings ~:
of the T-fitting 10 in a sealed fashion while preserving the integrity of the liquid flow path and the annular space flow path. The compression connecting assembly 17 is comprised of an internally threaded coupler nut 26 dimensioned to engage the threads on the terminal of the outer housing 16, a ` 21018~
gasket bearing retainer 27, a compression seal 28, a ram compression seat 29, a gasket 30 and a compression spacer 31 with communication means such as ports 32.
The coupler nut 26 has an annular flange 33 extending inwardly at its head. The gasket bearing retainer 27 is a rigid ring with an inside diameter sufficiently large to fit over the outer pipeline 13 and further has a right angle leg which extends from the ring portion.
The purpose of the retainer 27 is to receive force from the coupler nut when tightened and transmit it to the compression seal and at the same time confine the compression seal. A secondary benefit realized from the retainPr is that it prevents the compression seal from binding against the coupler nut.
The compression seal 28 is a compressible ring which also has an inside diameter sufficient to fit over the outer pipeline and an outer diameter sufficient to be fit within the coupler nut 26 and gasket bearing retainer 27. The compression seal when compressed forms a seal between the outer pipeline and the connecting assembly of the fitting 10.
The ram compression seat 29 is a rigid elongated slee~e which fits within the coupler nut. It has a length sufficient to contact the compression seal and outer housing end edge when the coupler nut 26 i5 tightened. The ram compression seat 29 and ring g gasket 30 seated at the housing's end edge aid in ~ forming a seal between the outer pipeline and outer :! housing.
;
As best seen in FIG. 4, the compression spacer 31 is ring-shaped with an inside diameter sufficient to ~ fit over the inner pipeline and an outer diameter '., su~icient to fit within the inside of the outer pipeline. The compression spacer 31 is preferably made in substantially equal sections. Three to six substantially equal sections are most pre~erred for ease of installing and for providing optimum compression directing forces.
Slots around the periphery of the compression spacer 31 serve as communication means between the annular space between the pipelines and the annular space between the housings. The number of slots and placement in the spacer are not critical. At leas~
one slot and preferably four to eight slots are used.
While the slots can be provided on the outer periphery of the spacer, they can as well be on the inner periphery or interior of the spacer.
~ The compression spacer 31 is positioned between ,$1, :
the inner and outer pipelines at their terminals and serves to prevent the pipelines from being crushed by compressive forces imparted by the coupler nut 26 and compression seal 28. It should be understood that ~;~
:' :~
,~
i`; :3 ;~ : 2101~18 -~i 10 crushing of the pipelines could block the annular spaces communication. Tightening of the outer coupler nut 26 forces the gasket bearing retainer 27, compression seal 28, ram compression seat 29 and gasket ,"',;~
30 together to form a seal to ensure that the annular space between the pipelines is closed to the outside.
The compression spacer 31 also transmits an inward compressing force to the inner pipeline.
It should be apparent that the fitting 10 is capable of attachment to a double wall pipeline system in a manner wherein the flow path of the inner pipeline ~ remains the same and segregated and the annular space cs ~low path between the pipelines remains the same and segregated. As such, liquid is able to flow through the inner pipeline of a double wall pipeline system, through the inner housing of the fitting and then through one or more inner pipelines of other double ~, ~ wall pipeline systems connected to the fitting. All the while, a continuous annular space is maintained.
FIG. 2 also shows a double wall T-fitting 40 with a double wall pipeline iystem 11 as above described connected at each of three fitting openings. The fitting 40 is comprised of T-shaped inner housing 41 having externally recessed male terminals 42 with outer ridges 43 near the end of each opening for engaging the inner pipeline 12. As shown, the inner pipeline 12 i8 7:
,.~
.~ .
- 21~181 8 forced over the ridges 43 of the recessed male terminal a sufficient distance that it will remain in place.
The inner housing 41 is encased by a T-shaped outer housing 44. An annular space 45 exists between ~he two housings.
A compression connecting assembly 48 is used to secure each double wall pipeline system 11 to the fitting 40 in a liquid tight fashion so that the annular space 14 between the pipelines is sealed and in communication with the annular space 45 of the fitting.
The compression connecting assembly 48 is comprised of an internally threaded coupler nut 49 dimensioned to engage threads on the outside wall of the outer housing 44, a gasket bearing retainer 50, a compression seal 51, a ram compression seat 52, a gasket 53 and a compre~sion spacer 54 with lateral communication ports 55. The gasket bearing retainer, compression seal, ram compression seat and gasket are as described above with respect to FIG. 1 and perform the same respective functions. The compression spacer 54, however, is di~erent to accommodate the different terminals of the ~;
pipeline system. Thus, as best seen in FIG. 5, the ~-spacer 54 is a ring with an inside diameter `~
substantially equal to the outside diam~ter of the , inner pipeline and an outside diameter substantially equal to the inside diameter of the outer pipeline 13.
I
DOUBLE WALL PIPELINE SYSTEMS
I This invention relate to fittings for use on ¦ pipeline systems for conveying ]iquids. More particularly, the invention relates to double walled ~ fittings for use on double wall pipeline systems.
I Back~round of the Invention Pipelines are used extensively for conveying liquids. One area where pipelines are used is in the transporting of liquid from bulk storage tanks. Many types of liquids are stored in bulk, both above ground -~
and underground. A special problem exists with leaks in the pipelines used in connection with underground ~; storage tanks. I~ the liquid being conveyed is a danger to the environment or the health when not controlled, substantial damage can occur before the leak is even detected. A good example of this are the pipelines used to convey liquid gasoline at retail gasoline service stations. Necessarily, these stations are in populated areas and therefore there is always a danger associated with leaks from the tanks or pipelines associated therewith.
Leaked gasoline poses a hazard to the environment 1~ as well as an obvious health hazard. Any leak which j~ develops is normally very slow initially. This means ~ that the leak is di~ficult to detect until a . ... ... . . .,.- ., .,.... .. " . " . ~ ,. - ~
x~
~;~ `` 21~181 g ,~".
substantial amount of gasoline has leaked. By that time environmental damage and possible health problems have occurred.
Various attempts have been made to alleviate the problems associated with underground pipelines, including use o~ double walled pipeline systems. In this type of system, an outer pipeline wall acts as a containment vessel if an inner pipeline wall develops a leak. A slow leak in the pipeline is satisfactorily contained. However, installation of known double walled pipelines is difficult. Initially there can be a problem of getting the innsr pipeline inside of the outer pipeline. This is especially true for long lengths of pipelines wherein the inner pipeline is flexible. Even a semi-rigid inner pipeline is dif~icult to work with due to the fact it is normally wound on a reel in manufacturing. The curved nature of the pipeline stored and shipped in this manner tends to persist.
Another problem experienced with double wall pipeline systems is the need for special fittings normally needed with any pipeline system. Straight fittings, elbows and T-fittings are often used in connecting a pipeline terminal to another pipeline terminal, dispenser, etc. Known fittings used on conventional single wall pipelines are not able to .~
.~
` `.1 .~ .
~:, .` `,1 2~
~ .
!' maintain a segregation of the inner pipeline flow ;f channel ~rom the outer pipeline flow channel. The lack of reliable easy to use fittings for use on double wall pipeline systems has reduced the attractiveness of such ~i systems.
There has now been discovered double wall `i fittings for double wall pipeline systems. The f~i fittings solve many of the problems inherent with the existing fitting systems. The fittings of this invention are economical and provide a means of connecting not available previously.
Summary of the Invention A double wall compression fitting is dimensioned for attachment to a double wall pipeline system having an inner pipeline and an outer pipeline. The fitting is comprised of an inner housing having at least two terminals, an outer housing encasing the inner housing !~$ in a manner to form an annular space therebetween and a compression connecting assembly. The connection assembly is capable of connecting the inner and outer housings to the double wall pipeline system so that an annular space between the housings is in communication with an annular space between the inner an outer pipelines of the double wall pipeline system. The compression connecting assembly has a coupler with :, :;~
nlsl~
means to form a compression seal with the outer i pipeline and to compress a compression spacer so as to transmit an inward compressing force to the inner pipeline. The compression spacer is characterized in having a means of communication between the annular space of the double wall pipeline system and the annular space between the housings.
,, ~ Brief Descr ption of the Drawin~
~,.
"h FIG. 1 is a side view in section of a double wall fitting of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a side view in section of another dou~le wall fitting of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a side view in section of still another double wall fitting of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a double wall pipeline system with a section of a compression spacer forming a part of the fitting of FIG. 1 removed therefrom to show its operation.
, FIG. 5 is a view in perspective view of a double wall pipeline system with a section of a compression ,.~:j spacer forming a part of the fitting of FIG. 3 removed therefrom to show its operation.
FIG. 6 is a side view in section of an elbow double wall fitting with a coupler assembly.
;^ FIG. 7 is a side view of a double wall fitting , 'i '~c ,.,i ~; 5 having a means for monitoring an annular space between housings.
.1 :
Detailed Description of the Invention The double wall compression fittings of the ~ , ¦ invention are useful with double wall pipeline systemsO
¦ The fittings depicted in FIGS. 1-3 are T-fittings having three terminals, each connected to a double wall ;~:
pipeline system. Other fittings such as two terminal ~-~
straight fittings, i.e. couplers, two terminal elbow fittings and four terminal cross ~ittings are within ~ -the scope o~ the invention and readily adapted from the disclosure of the T-fittings which follow.
With re~erence to FIG. 1, there is shown a double wall compression fitting 10 having three terminals.
The fitting 10 is used to connect three separate double wall pipeline systems 11. The pipeline systems lI each ha~e an inner pipeline 12 for conveying a liquid and an outer pipeline 13 encasing the inner pipeline for containing any leaked liquid. An annular space 14 is formed between the pipelines. The double wall pipeline systems 11 are made of an extruded plastic. Other rigid and semi-rigid materials can as well be used to form the pipeline systems. The inner : :~
pipeline generally ranges from about ona-half inch to a~out six inches in diameter and the outer pipeline / :
slightly larger, though the diameters of the pipelines are not critical and are dictated by the end use.
In accord with this invention, the fitting used for the double wall pipeline systems 11 ensures that the flow paths of liquid in the inner pipeline remains separate when passing through the fitting. Thus, each inner pipeline is connected to the fitting in a sealed manner so that liquid which flows through one inner pipeline will be forced to flow into one or more other inner pipelines. Similarly, a common separate path connects the annular spaces 14 between the three pipelines.
The double wall compression fitting 10 is comprised of an inner housing 15, an outer housing 16 substantially encasing the inner housing and a compression connecting assembly 17. Each of the components is described in detail below.
The inner housing 15 is preferably a one piece construction. The interior of it forms a flow path connecting the flow of li~uid through the inner pipelines of the double wall pipeline systems. Each leg of the inner housing has an externally recessed terminal 18, preferably with a series o~ ridgPs 19 extending around its circumference to better engage the inner pipeline and retain it when placed thereover.
Preferably, t.hough not necessary, O-rings 20 are ~, ' " .
2 ~ 8 , ,i . .
positioned on the recessed terminals in O-ring grooves 21 to provide a seal with the inner pipeline. Band clamps 22 are also provided to compress the inner pipeline and O-rings onto the inner housing terminals to ensure a liquid tight seal. Preferably, also, a metal reinforcing sleev~ 23 is inserted in the terminals of the inner housing to keep them from collapsing.
The outer housing 16 substantially encases the inner housing 15. It has the same general shape, though its legs are shorter to allow access to the band clamps for tightening purposes. A terminal of each leg ~-has ~xterior threads 24. An annular space 25 between the housings is formed which is in communication with the annular space 14 between the double wall pipelines ~hrough ths compression connecting assembly described below.
~The compression conne~ting assembly 17 is used to ¦~connect the inner and outer pipelines of the double wall pipeline system 11 to the inner and outer housings ~:
of the T-fitting 10 in a sealed fashion while preserving the integrity of the liquid flow path and the annular space flow path. The compression connecting assembly 17 is comprised of an internally threaded coupler nut 26 dimensioned to engage the threads on the terminal of the outer housing 16, a ` 21018~
gasket bearing retainer 27, a compression seal 28, a ram compression seat 29, a gasket 30 and a compression spacer 31 with communication means such as ports 32.
The coupler nut 26 has an annular flange 33 extending inwardly at its head. The gasket bearing retainer 27 is a rigid ring with an inside diameter sufficiently large to fit over the outer pipeline 13 and further has a right angle leg which extends from the ring portion.
The purpose of the retainer 27 is to receive force from the coupler nut when tightened and transmit it to the compression seal and at the same time confine the compression seal. A secondary benefit realized from the retainPr is that it prevents the compression seal from binding against the coupler nut.
The compression seal 28 is a compressible ring which also has an inside diameter sufficient to fit over the outer pipeline and an outer diameter sufficient to be fit within the coupler nut 26 and gasket bearing retainer 27. The compression seal when compressed forms a seal between the outer pipeline and the connecting assembly of the fitting 10.
The ram compression seat 29 is a rigid elongated slee~e which fits within the coupler nut. It has a length sufficient to contact the compression seal and outer housing end edge when the coupler nut 26 i5 tightened. The ram compression seat 29 and ring g gasket 30 seated at the housing's end edge aid in ~ forming a seal between the outer pipeline and outer :! housing.
;
As best seen in FIG. 4, the compression spacer 31 is ring-shaped with an inside diameter sufficient to ~ fit over the inner pipeline and an outer diameter '., su~icient to fit within the inside of the outer pipeline. The compression spacer 31 is preferably made in substantially equal sections. Three to six substantially equal sections are most pre~erred for ease of installing and for providing optimum compression directing forces.
Slots around the periphery of the compression spacer 31 serve as communication means between the annular space between the pipelines and the annular space between the housings. The number of slots and placement in the spacer are not critical. At leas~
one slot and preferably four to eight slots are used.
While the slots can be provided on the outer periphery of the spacer, they can as well be on the inner periphery or interior of the spacer.
~ The compression spacer 31 is positioned between ,$1, :
the inner and outer pipelines at their terminals and serves to prevent the pipelines from being crushed by compressive forces imparted by the coupler nut 26 and compression seal 28. It should be understood that ~;~
:' :~
,~
i`; :3 ;~ : 2101~18 -~i 10 crushing of the pipelines could block the annular spaces communication. Tightening of the outer coupler nut 26 forces the gasket bearing retainer 27, compression seal 28, ram compression seat 29 and gasket ,"',;~
30 together to form a seal to ensure that the annular space between the pipelines is closed to the outside.
The compression spacer 31 also transmits an inward compressing force to the inner pipeline.
It should be apparent that the fitting 10 is capable of attachment to a double wall pipeline system in a manner wherein the flow path of the inner pipeline ~ remains the same and segregated and the annular space cs ~low path between the pipelines remains the same and segregated. As such, liquid is able to flow through the inner pipeline of a double wall pipeline system, through the inner housing of the fitting and then through one or more inner pipelines of other double ~, ~ wall pipeline systems connected to the fitting. All the while, a continuous annular space is maintained.
FIG. 2 also shows a double wall T-fitting 40 with a double wall pipeline iystem 11 as above described connected at each of three fitting openings. The fitting 40 is comprised of T-shaped inner housing 41 having externally recessed male terminals 42 with outer ridges 43 near the end of each opening for engaging the inner pipeline 12. As shown, the inner pipeline 12 i8 7:
,.~
.~ .
- 21~181 8 forced over the ridges 43 of the recessed male terminal a sufficient distance that it will remain in place.
The inner housing 41 is encased by a T-shaped outer housing 44. An annular space 45 exists between ~he two housings.
A compression connecting assembly 48 is used to secure each double wall pipeline system 11 to the fitting 40 in a liquid tight fashion so that the annular space 14 between the pipelines is sealed and in communication with the annular space 45 of the fitting.
The compression connecting assembly 48 is comprised of an internally threaded coupler nut 49 dimensioned to engage threads on the outside wall of the outer housing 44, a gasket bearing retainer 50, a compression seal 51, a ram compression seat 52, a gasket 53 and a compre~sion spacer 54 with lateral communication ports 55. The gasket bearing retainer, compression seal, ram compression seat and gasket are as described above with respect to FIG. 1 and perform the same respective functions. The compression spacer 54, however, is di~erent to accommodate the different terminals of the ~;
pipeline system. Thus, as best seen in FIG. 5, the ~-spacer 54 is a ring with an inside diameter `~
substantially equal to the outside diam~ter of the , inner pipeline and an outside diameter substantially equal to the inside diameter of the outer pipeline 13.
I
3~
' ! ~
- 2 1 0 ~
i2 The spacer also has an annular flange 56 extending outwardly from its periphery a sufficient distance to be substantially equal with the outside diameter of the outer pipeline 13. As such, the compression spacer fits over the inner pipeline. Its flange 56 abuts against the end edge of the outer pipeline and its ring portion fits within the annular space between the inner `~ and outer pipelines. Lateral slots 55 extending around ~;, the periphery of the spacer including the flange 56 , provides the communication ports.
Tightening of the compression connection assembly 48 ensures that the annular space between the pipelines " is closed to the outside. The tightening also ., compresses the compression spacer 54 inwardly to transmit a compressing force to the inner pipeline and to form a seal between the inner pipeline and inner housing.
~ The annular flange found on the compression :'2~ - .
spacer o~ FIG. ~ is particularly desirable in that it aids the mechanic in the field to know if the components of the fitting are properly positioned before tightening of the coupler. The annular flange ~,~`.t ` also helps to prevent pipeline creep when the fitting ~ ' and the double wall pipeline are assembled and in use.
It should be apparent that other compression spacers configured to have an annular flange are also possible.
,. .;
, .~
~i ,~
,, 2 ~ 8 i The ~lange can extend inwardly only and outwardly only.
All three e~bodiments provide the anti-creep benefit.
It should be understood that modifications to the pipeline terminals are needed to accommodate the particular compression spacer.
The double wall compression fitting of FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment of the invention having still another means of forming a seal between an inner ~, pipeline of a double wall pipeline system and a fitting. The fitting 60 comprises a T-shaped inner housing 61 with a T-shaped outer housing 62 wherein the terminals of the outer housing extend past the terminals of the inner housing. A T-shaped sleeve 63 is encased in the inner housing with its leys extending therefrom. Each leg has a flared end 64 over which the innér pipeline 12 of the double wall pipeline system ll is forced. The outer housing 62 has an internally recessed male terminal 65 on each end substantially opposite the end of the protruding sleeve 63 extending from the inner housing 61 for purposes discussed below. The outer housing also has external threads 67 on each terminal.
The double wall pipeline systems 11 are attached to the inner and outer housings of the fitting 60 by means of a compression connecting assembly 68. The assembly comprises an internally threaded ccupler nut .~.t.
1~
~. j, ' ~` 2~01~8 ~I
69, a gasket bearing retainer 70, a compression seal 71 and a compression spacer 72 with lateral communication `3 ports 73O The components coincide in their form and function with compression connecting assembly components described above with reference to FIG. 2.
However, the assembly of FIG. 3 does not require a ram compression seat and gasket due to the particular configuration of the housings. Thus, the compression seal 71 of the fitting 60 is able to form a seal with il the outer housing 62 by being forced by the coupler nut into direct contact with the housing's interior wall at or near a terminal.
~: Tightening of the coupler nut 69 of the compression connecting assembly 68 compresses the compression seal 71 directly against the outer housing end wall while also compressing the compression spacer 72 against the end wall o~ the inner housing 61 and the metal sleeve 63. The combined actions ensure that the liquid flow path channel of the inner pipelines and the ~ annular flow path channel between the inner and outer ., pipelines remains separate, i.e. they are sealed as ,1 they pass through the ~itting 60.
An elbow fitting with another compression connecting assembly is illustrated in FIG. 6. The I double wall compression fitting 80 comprises right 3 angle elbow inner housing 81 with an outer housing 82 s ~, 2 1 ~ 1 8 ~ ~
encasing it. A metal slee~e 83 is positioned in each terminal of the inner housing 81 to keep the terminals from crushing from the compression connecting assemblies 84 during use. ~he inner housing has externally recessed male terminals 85 with ridges 86 extending therearound ~or enhanced pipeline retention.
A set of O-rings 87 positioned in the O-ring grooves 88 on the male terminal 85 aid in obtaining a liquid tight seal. Optional band clamps 89 on the inner pipeline 12 terminals provide additional sealing when tightened.
The compression connecting assembly 84 is comprised of a coupler 91, band clamps 94 and 95 and a compression spacer 96. The coupler 91 has an inside diameter which allows it to fit over the outer pipeline 13 and an annular flange 92 with an inside diameter - ~;
which allows it to fit over the outer housing 82 of the double wall ~itting 80. The inside wall of the flange 92 abuts against the end wall of the outer housing ~2.
When the compression connecting assembly is properly positioned on the outer pipeline 13 and outer housing 82, the band clamps are tightened to form a compression seal between the coupler and the outer pipeline and outer housing. A compression spacer 96 of the type used with the double wall fitting of FIG. 1 is compressed to aid in forming a seal between the inner pipeline 12 and the inner housing 81. Communication 2 1 ~
i 16 p~rts 97 in the spacer maintain communication between '~ the annular space 14 between the pipelines and the annular space 90 between the housings.
The fitting 80 is especially easy to install on a double wall pipeline system. It requires a minimum of components. Its ease of installation and reliability ~ make it attractive when economics dictate a less i~$ expensive fitting.
FIG. 7 illustrates a fitting of the invention having means to monitor an annular space ~etween inner and outer housings of a fitting of the invention to detect pipeline leakage. The ~itting 100 is essentially the T-fitting of FIG. 1 modified to have a detection port instead of a third pipeline terminal.
~; The fitting is essentially a two terminal straight coupler. The fitting 100 has an inner housing 101, an outer housing 102, compression connecting assemblies 103 and a detection access port 104~ The inner housing is a straight tube with externally recessed male terminals 105 at each end. Exterior ridges 106 are provided on the terminals to engage a pipeline and retain it in place. A metal sleeve 107 is positioned in each terminal to reinforce the inner housing against crushing when the compression connecting assemblies 103 are tightened. The outer housing 102 is T-shaped with each leg having external threads. ~wo legs 108 " 2~01~8 and 109 overlie the terminals of the inner housing while a third leg 110 accommodates the detection access port 1040 The inner and outer housinys have an annular space 111 therebetween.
The double wall pipeline systems 11 are connected to legs 108 and 109 of the fitting 100 by means of the compression connecting assemblies 103. The assemblies and their mode of operation are the same as described above with reference to the double wall fitting of FIGo 1. When connected, the liquid flow channel of the inner pipeline 12 is directed through the inner housing 101 and through another inner pipeline 12. Similarly, the annular space 14 betweèn the inner and outer pipeline is in communication with the annular space 111 between the housings. The flow paths are sealed and remain separate due to the unique fitting 100, including its compression connacting assemblies 103.
The detection access port 104 communicates with the annular space 111 between the housings. The leg 110 is provided with external threads 112 and a coupler ~i~ nut 113 to hold in place an access line 114. The access line 114 leads to a detection means (not shown).
In this embodiment of the invention, the annular space 14 between the pipelines is monitored to determine any leakage in either pipeline. When not in use, the ~ detection access port can be closed with a cap nut.
,., : 1 .
`` - 2 ~ 8 1 8 It should be understood that all manners of fittings needed in the single wall piping industry are now available in the double wall piping industry. Most importantly, the separate flow paths provided by the double wall pipelines and their advantages are retained and continued through use o the double wall fittings of this invention.
While the invention has been described with particular reference to the drawings, other variations and obvious modifications of the described system are considered within the scope of the invention. For example, all manners of attachment means can be used to seal the inner pipelines to the inner housings of the fitting including the disclosed O-rings, band clamps and ridges as well as adhesives, threads, etc. Also, all manners of double wall pipelines can as well be ~l used with ready adaptation of the disclosed fittings to the particular pipeline materials of construction and terminal configurations. All such obvious modifications are considered within the coverage of the appended claims.
~' ..''~
' ! ~
- 2 1 0 ~
i2 The spacer also has an annular flange 56 extending outwardly from its periphery a sufficient distance to be substantially equal with the outside diameter of the outer pipeline 13. As such, the compression spacer fits over the inner pipeline. Its flange 56 abuts against the end edge of the outer pipeline and its ring portion fits within the annular space between the inner `~ and outer pipelines. Lateral slots 55 extending around ~;, the periphery of the spacer including the flange 56 , provides the communication ports.
Tightening of the compression connection assembly 48 ensures that the annular space between the pipelines " is closed to the outside. The tightening also ., compresses the compression spacer 54 inwardly to transmit a compressing force to the inner pipeline and to form a seal between the inner pipeline and inner housing.
~ The annular flange found on the compression :'2~ - .
spacer o~ FIG. ~ is particularly desirable in that it aids the mechanic in the field to know if the components of the fitting are properly positioned before tightening of the coupler. The annular flange ~,~`.t ` also helps to prevent pipeline creep when the fitting ~ ' and the double wall pipeline are assembled and in use.
It should be apparent that other compression spacers configured to have an annular flange are also possible.
,. .;
, .~
~i ,~
,, 2 ~ 8 i The ~lange can extend inwardly only and outwardly only.
All three e~bodiments provide the anti-creep benefit.
It should be understood that modifications to the pipeline terminals are needed to accommodate the particular compression spacer.
The double wall compression fitting of FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment of the invention having still another means of forming a seal between an inner ~, pipeline of a double wall pipeline system and a fitting. The fitting 60 comprises a T-shaped inner housing 61 with a T-shaped outer housing 62 wherein the terminals of the outer housing extend past the terminals of the inner housing. A T-shaped sleeve 63 is encased in the inner housing with its leys extending therefrom. Each leg has a flared end 64 over which the innér pipeline 12 of the double wall pipeline system ll is forced. The outer housing 62 has an internally recessed male terminal 65 on each end substantially opposite the end of the protruding sleeve 63 extending from the inner housing 61 for purposes discussed below. The outer housing also has external threads 67 on each terminal.
The double wall pipeline systems 11 are attached to the inner and outer housings of the fitting 60 by means of a compression connecting assembly 68. The assembly comprises an internally threaded ccupler nut .~.t.
1~
~. j, ' ~` 2~01~8 ~I
69, a gasket bearing retainer 70, a compression seal 71 and a compression spacer 72 with lateral communication `3 ports 73O The components coincide in their form and function with compression connecting assembly components described above with reference to FIG. 2.
However, the assembly of FIG. 3 does not require a ram compression seat and gasket due to the particular configuration of the housings. Thus, the compression seal 71 of the fitting 60 is able to form a seal with il the outer housing 62 by being forced by the coupler nut into direct contact with the housing's interior wall at or near a terminal.
~: Tightening of the coupler nut 69 of the compression connecting assembly 68 compresses the compression seal 71 directly against the outer housing end wall while also compressing the compression spacer 72 against the end wall o~ the inner housing 61 and the metal sleeve 63. The combined actions ensure that the liquid flow path channel of the inner pipelines and the ~ annular flow path channel between the inner and outer ., pipelines remains separate, i.e. they are sealed as ,1 they pass through the ~itting 60.
An elbow fitting with another compression connecting assembly is illustrated in FIG. 6. The I double wall compression fitting 80 comprises right 3 angle elbow inner housing 81 with an outer housing 82 s ~, 2 1 ~ 1 8 ~ ~
encasing it. A metal slee~e 83 is positioned in each terminal of the inner housing 81 to keep the terminals from crushing from the compression connecting assemblies 84 during use. ~he inner housing has externally recessed male terminals 85 with ridges 86 extending therearound ~or enhanced pipeline retention.
A set of O-rings 87 positioned in the O-ring grooves 88 on the male terminal 85 aid in obtaining a liquid tight seal. Optional band clamps 89 on the inner pipeline 12 terminals provide additional sealing when tightened.
The compression connecting assembly 84 is comprised of a coupler 91, band clamps 94 and 95 and a compression spacer 96. The coupler 91 has an inside diameter which allows it to fit over the outer pipeline 13 and an annular flange 92 with an inside diameter - ~;
which allows it to fit over the outer housing 82 of the double wall ~itting 80. The inside wall of the flange 92 abuts against the end wall of the outer housing ~2.
When the compression connecting assembly is properly positioned on the outer pipeline 13 and outer housing 82, the band clamps are tightened to form a compression seal between the coupler and the outer pipeline and outer housing. A compression spacer 96 of the type used with the double wall fitting of FIG. 1 is compressed to aid in forming a seal between the inner pipeline 12 and the inner housing 81. Communication 2 1 ~
i 16 p~rts 97 in the spacer maintain communication between '~ the annular space 14 between the pipelines and the annular space 90 between the housings.
The fitting 80 is especially easy to install on a double wall pipeline system. It requires a minimum of components. Its ease of installation and reliability ~ make it attractive when economics dictate a less i~$ expensive fitting.
FIG. 7 illustrates a fitting of the invention having means to monitor an annular space ~etween inner and outer housings of a fitting of the invention to detect pipeline leakage. The ~itting 100 is essentially the T-fitting of FIG. 1 modified to have a detection port instead of a third pipeline terminal.
~; The fitting is essentially a two terminal straight coupler. The fitting 100 has an inner housing 101, an outer housing 102, compression connecting assemblies 103 and a detection access port 104~ The inner housing is a straight tube with externally recessed male terminals 105 at each end. Exterior ridges 106 are provided on the terminals to engage a pipeline and retain it in place. A metal sleeve 107 is positioned in each terminal to reinforce the inner housing against crushing when the compression connecting assemblies 103 are tightened. The outer housing 102 is T-shaped with each leg having external threads. ~wo legs 108 " 2~01~8 and 109 overlie the terminals of the inner housing while a third leg 110 accommodates the detection access port 1040 The inner and outer housinys have an annular space 111 therebetween.
The double wall pipeline systems 11 are connected to legs 108 and 109 of the fitting 100 by means of the compression connecting assemblies 103. The assemblies and their mode of operation are the same as described above with reference to the double wall fitting of FIGo 1. When connected, the liquid flow channel of the inner pipeline 12 is directed through the inner housing 101 and through another inner pipeline 12. Similarly, the annular space 14 betweèn the inner and outer pipeline is in communication with the annular space 111 between the housings. The flow paths are sealed and remain separate due to the unique fitting 100, including its compression connacting assemblies 103.
The detection access port 104 communicates with the annular space 111 between the housings. The leg 110 is provided with external threads 112 and a coupler ~i~ nut 113 to hold in place an access line 114. The access line 114 leads to a detection means (not shown).
In this embodiment of the invention, the annular space 14 between the pipelines is monitored to determine any leakage in either pipeline. When not in use, the ~ detection access port can be closed with a cap nut.
,., : 1 .
`` - 2 ~ 8 1 8 It should be understood that all manners of fittings needed in the single wall piping industry are now available in the double wall piping industry. Most importantly, the separate flow paths provided by the double wall pipelines and their advantages are retained and continued through use o the double wall fittings of this invention.
While the invention has been described with particular reference to the drawings, other variations and obvious modifications of the described system are considered within the scope of the invention. For example, all manners of attachment means can be used to seal the inner pipelines to the inner housings of the fitting including the disclosed O-rings, band clamps and ridges as well as adhesives, threads, etc. Also, all manners of double wall pipelines can as well be ~l used with ready adaptation of the disclosed fittings to the particular pipeline materials of construction and terminal configurations. All such obvious modifications are considered within the coverage of the appended claims.
~' ..''~
Claims (10)
1. A double wall compression fitting for attachment to a double wall pipeline system having an inner pipeline with terminals for conveying a liquid and an outer pipeline with terminals for containing liquid with an annular space between the pipelines wherein the fitting is capable of continuing the functions of the inner pipeline and outer pipeline by connecting to the double wall pipeline system in a manner such that a sealed connection is made with the inner pipeline and a sealed connection is made with the outer pipeline and the annular space between the pipelines is in communication with an annular space in the fitting, said double wall compression fitting, comprising:
a) an inner housing having at least two terminals;
b) an outer housing of the same general shape as the inner housing substantially encasing the inner housing in a manner such that an annular space between the housings is formed, said outer housing having at least two terminals; and c) a compression connecting assembly to engage the terminals of the inner pipeline and the terminals of the outer pipeline to the terminals of the inner and outer housings, said assembly having:
i) a coupler with means to compress the coupler to form a seal with the outer pipeline; and ii) a compression spacer positioned between the inner and outer pipelines to prevent said pipelines from being crushed by compressive forces imparted by the coupler, further wherein the compression spacer has a means of communication between the annular space of the double wall pipeline system and the annular space between the housings.
a) an inner housing having at least two terminals;
b) an outer housing of the same general shape as the inner housing substantially encasing the inner housing in a manner such that an annular space between the housings is formed, said outer housing having at least two terminals; and c) a compression connecting assembly to engage the terminals of the inner pipeline and the terminals of the outer pipeline to the terminals of the inner and outer housings, said assembly having:
i) a coupler with means to compress the coupler to form a seal with the outer pipeline; and ii) a compression spacer positioned between the inner and outer pipelines to prevent said pipelines from being crushed by compressive forces imparted by the coupler, further wherein the compression spacer has a means of communication between the annular space of the double wall pipeline system and the annular space between the housings.
2. The double wall compression fitting of Claim 1 wherein the terminals of the inner housing are externally recessed and extend a sufficient distance beyond the terminals of the outer housing to accommodate band clamps around the inner housing terminals to secure the inner pipeline of the double wall pipeline system thereto.
3. The double wall compression fitting of Claim 2 wherein the outer housing has externally threaded terminals, the coupler is a coupler nut with matching internal threads and further having a compression seal positioned within the coupler nut to make sealing contact with the outer pipeline upon tightening of the coupler nut.
4. The double wall compression fitting of Claim 3 wherein the compression seal is a compressible annular ring having an inside diameter sufficient to fit over the outer pipeline and an outside diameter sufficient to fit within the coupler nut whereinupon a compressive force from the coupler nut causes the compression seal to make sealing contact with the outer pipeline.
5. The double wall compression fitting of Claim 3 wherein the compression connecting assembly further comprises a gasket bearing retainer positioned within the coupler nut, said gasket bearing retainer being a ring which fits over the outer pipeline and in contact with the compression seal to absorb force from the coupler nut and transmit it to the compression seal.
6. The double wall compression fitting of Claim 3 wherein the compression connecting assembly further comprises a ram compression seat and a gasket in contact with the compression seal so that upon tightening of the coupler nut, the compression seal is forced to engage the ram compression seat and gasket to form a seal.
7. The double wall compression fitting of Claim 1 wherein the compression spacer is an annular ring with an inside diameter sufficient to fit over the inner pipeline and an outside diameter sufficient to fit within the outer pipeline.
8. The double wall compression fitting of Claim 1 wherein the compression spacer is a ring with an annular flange wherein the ring has an inside diameter sufficient to fit over the outside of the inner pipeline and an outside diameter sufficient to fit within the outer pipeline and the annular flange extends from the ring and abuts against an end edge of at least one pipeline.
9. The double wall compression fitting of Claim 1 wherein the compression spacer has at least one lateral port extending therethrough as the means of communication between the annular spaces.
10. The double wall compression fitting of Claim 9 wherein the compression spacer has three to six substantially equal sections for providing optimum compression directing forces.
Priority Applications (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/876,505 US5259651A (en) | 1991-04-04 | 1992-04-30 | Double wall fittings for use with double wall pipeline systems |
| CA002101818A CA2101818A1 (en) | 1992-04-30 | 1993-08-03 | Double wall fittings for use with double wall pipeline systems |
| GB9317161A GB2281111A (en) | 1992-04-30 | 1993-08-18 | Double wallfittings for use with double wall pipelines systems |
| DE4329147A DE4329147A1 (en) | 1992-04-30 | 1993-08-30 | Double-walled fittings for double-wall pipeline systems |
| BR9303627A BR9303627A (en) | 1992-04-30 | 1993-08-30 | Two-wall compression fitting to be connected to a two-wall piping system |
| US08/150,361 US5456502A (en) | 1991-04-04 | 1993-11-09 | Fittings for use with fin strengthened double wall pipeline systems |
| US08/150,365 US5449203A (en) | 1991-04-04 | 1993-11-09 | Fittings for connection to double wall pipeline systems |
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/876,505 US5259651A (en) | 1991-04-04 | 1992-04-30 | Double wall fittings for use with double wall pipeline systems |
| CA002101818A CA2101818A1 (en) | 1992-04-30 | 1993-08-03 | Double wall fittings for use with double wall pipeline systems |
| GB9317161A GB2281111A (en) | 1992-04-30 | 1993-08-18 | Double wallfittings for use with double wall pipelines systems |
| DE4329147A DE4329147A1 (en) | 1992-04-30 | 1993-08-30 | Double-walled fittings for double-wall pipeline systems |
| BR9303627A BR9303627A (en) | 1992-04-30 | 1993-08-30 | Two-wall compression fitting to be connected to a two-wall piping system |
| US08/150,361 US5456502A (en) | 1991-04-04 | 1993-11-09 | Fittings for use with fin strengthened double wall pipeline systems |
| US08/150,365 US5449203A (en) | 1991-04-04 | 1993-11-09 | Fittings for connection to double wall pipeline systems |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2101818A1 true CA2101818A1 (en) | 1995-02-04 |
Family
ID=27560833
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002101818A Abandoned CA2101818A1 (en) | 1991-04-04 | 1993-08-03 | Double wall fittings for use with double wall pipeline systems |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| BR (1) | BR9303627A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2101818A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE4329147A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2281111A (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE511673C2 (en) * | 1998-03-11 | 1999-11-08 | Kungsoers Plast Ab | Welding sleeve for connecting plastic double pipe lines |
| DE10044144B4 (en) * | 2000-09-06 | 2006-04-13 | Klenk Gmbh | Connecting device for connecting a fluid line with a second connection device |
| DE202004004735U1 (en) * | 2004-03-24 | 2005-08-04 | Weh, Erwin | High-pressure |
| DE102004028152B4 (en) * | 2004-06-07 | 2012-11-08 | Caterpillar Motoren Gmbh & Co. Kg | Device for common rail injection systems |
| DE202011005352U1 (en) | 2011-04-15 | 2011-12-12 | Matthias Möllenhoff | Pressure-controlled double wall system with breakthrough and optional pipe connection |
| DE102012009266B4 (en) * | 2012-05-11 | 2016-12-29 | L'Air Liquide, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude | Gas outlet for a gasification reactor |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB716771A (en) * | 1952-08-18 | 1954-10-13 | Kromschroeder Ag G | Improvements relating to fittings for pipe lines |
| GB1060239A (en) * | 1964-11-23 | 1967-03-01 | Lucas Industries Ltd | Pipe end connecting means |
-
1993
- 1993-08-03 CA CA002101818A patent/CA2101818A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-08-18 GB GB9317161A patent/GB2281111A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1993-08-30 DE DE4329147A patent/DE4329147A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1993-08-30 BR BR9303627A patent/BR9303627A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BR9303627A (en) | 1995-03-28 |
| DE4329147A1 (en) | 1995-03-02 |
| GB2281111A (en) | 1995-02-22 |
| GB9317161D0 (en) | 1993-10-06 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |