CA2100445A1 - Radiotelephone system controller - Google Patents
Radiotelephone system controllerInfo
- Publication number
- CA2100445A1 CA2100445A1 CA002100445A CA2100445A CA2100445A1 CA 2100445 A1 CA2100445 A1 CA 2100445A1 CA 002100445 A CA002100445 A CA 002100445A CA 2100445 A CA2100445 A CA 2100445A CA 2100445 A1 CA2100445 A1 CA 2100445A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- switch
- radiotelephone
- cap
- controller
- radiotelephone system
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/04—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems for time-division multiplexing
- H04Q11/0428—Integrated services digital network, i.e. systems for transmission of different types of digitised signals, e.g. speech, data, telecentral, television signals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M11/00—Telephonic communication systems specially adapted for combination with other electrical systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
- H04Q2213/13098—Mobile subscriber
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
- H04Q2213/13106—Microprocessor, CPU
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
- H04Q2213/13141—Hunting for free outlet, circuit or channel
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
- H04Q2213/13173—Busy signals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
- H04Q2213/13175—Graphical user interface [GUI], WWW interface, visual indication
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
- H04Q2213/13176—Common channel signaling, CCS7
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
- H04Q2213/13205—Primary rate access, PRI
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
- H04Q2213/13209—ISDN
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
- H04Q2213/1324—Conference call
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to selecting arrangements in general and for multiplex systems
- H04Q2213/13298—Local loop systems, access network
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
- Input Circuits Of Receivers And Coupling Of Receivers And Audio Equipment (AREA)
- Selective Calling Equipment (AREA)
- Telephonic Communication Services (AREA)
Abstract
A controller (118) controls functions related specifically to radiotelephone signalling in a communication system. The controller (118) is physically dislocated from a switch (112) which performs all necessary routing of voice information from radiotelephone system-to-radiotelephone system and radiotelephone system-to-public switched telephone system (PSTN, 100). The controller (118) interfaces the switch (112) via an ISDN-type connection, essentially accessing the switch (112) transparently. This transparent access allows for common, generic switches (Class 5 switches for example) having predetermined user features such as Call Waiting, 3-Way Calling, etc. to be employed. Users of the radiotelephone system (125), via radiotelephone signalling processing by the controller (118), can access and utilize the predetermined features of the switch (112) as required.
Description
2 1 ~ 8 ~ 1 ~
`VO 9?s/1 16" PCl/U~iY2/l~X( /
BADIall~ONE SYSI~q CONIROT.~ ~R
Field of the Invention The present invention relates generally to radiotelephone systems and, more particularly, to radiotelephone systems incorporating switches to perform commu~ication interconnection 1 0 between elements of the radiotelephone system.
Background of the Invention Radiotelephone systems typically incorporate radiotelephone-15 specific switches which are u~ed to interconnect base-stations in a particular coverage area with a public switched telephone network (PSTN). These radiotelephon~spec;fic switches perform switching in re6ponse to signalling aspects related to the radiotelephone system. For esample, the radiotelephone-specific switch may be the 2 0 central location for storage of subscriber identification numbers, visiting identification numbers, billing infor nation, etc. When a radiotelephone call is initiated by a subscriber unit to a particular base-station in the radiotelephone system, the base-station will report the appropriate information bacl~ to the radiotelephone-2 5 specific switch so that switching to the appropriate destination canoccur. Likewise, the radiotelephone-6pecific switch v~rill perform user billing computations and storage, among other things.
The radiotelephone-specific switches used in radiotelephone systems are difficult to build and even more difficult to maintain 3 0 due to the comples combination of the switchin~ elements coupled with the radiotelephone-specific aspects of signalling, control, etc Al~o, since the upper limit of capacity with respect to the radiotelephone-specific switch is usually the upper limit of capacity ~1~0~
wo 9~/l l62~ 2 ~ ss2/llx(~-of the radiotelephone 6ystem for a given coverage area, a practical sub6criber capacity problem occurs when.radiotelephone-specific 6witches are employed. In typical scenarios, the subscriber capacity for radiotelephone-specific switches may range anywhere S from 500 sub6cribers up to at least 2500 subscribers, depending on the coverage area. In large coverage areas, the upper limit of subscriber capacity given by the~e radiotelephone-specific sv.~itches can be exceeded in a very short time.
To alleviate this capacity and complesity problem in radiotelephone 6y6tems, elimination of the radiotelephone-specific switch is an ideal solution. Moreover, since land-line 6witches are abundant throughout the PSTN, there should neve, be a lack of switching power which might be used for both PSTN-type switching and radiotelephone-type switching. To eliminate the radiotelephone-specific switch, the signalling aspects related strictly to the radiotelephone system need to be removed from the radiotelephone-specific switch. This would allow for generic, PSTN-type switches to be used in lieu of the complex and capacity-limiting radiotelephone-specific switches. To asfiure a transparent 2 0 change-over from the radiotelsphone-specific switches to PSTN-type switche6, changes to the architecture of the PSTN-type switch should be kept to a minimum. For esample, if a controller containing only radiotelephone signalling aspects is to be connected to the PSTN-type switch, the controller should not require 2 5 additional protocol to perform the appropriate switching between the radiotelephone system and the PSTN. In other words, the controller should have the capability to interface into a standard port of the PSTN-type switch without the switch knowing that it is being used for radiotelephone-type switching. In addition, the 3 0 controller, and con~equently the radiotelephone system, should have appropriate capability to leverage off of existing, clsssical PSTN-type switch functions.
- -, - , - :
, . i ..
- . .
. .. . . . .
- ~ -, ' ', , - , , ' . : ...
-:, : ' , , ~
~o 93/1162' 2 .1 0 9 Ll ~ ~) PCT/~'S92/(~X~
Thus, a need exist6 for a radiotelephone system which essentially separate6 the fimctions of radiotelephone-type signalling aspects from the switching aspects, and in addition leverages off of existing PSTN-type switches for call features and consequently, 5 user convenience.
Summary of the Imlention A controller in a communication system processes control infonnation related only to the radiotelephone system and accesses a switch to appropriately route voice information responsive to the processed control information.
Brief Description of the Drawings FIG. 1 generally depicts the topology of a communication sy6tem incorporating a ~witching center having separate ~witching 2 0 functions and radiotelephone signalling processing in accordance with the invention.
~lG. 2 generally illustrates in block diagram form the cellular applications platform (CAP) in accordance with the invention.
2 5 ~IG. 3 generally depicts the step6 the communication 6tem of PIG.l undergoes to connect a mobile initiating a call to a land-line destination within the PSTN in accordance with the invention.
PIG. 4 generally depicts the steps the communication 6ystem of ~IG. 1 undergoes to connect a PSTN-originated call to a mobile in 3 0 accordance with the invention.
FIG. ~ generally depicts tl~e steps the communication system undergoes to perfor~n location update in accordance with the invention.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. ... . . .. .. ... ... ~ . . ~ -. ~ .
- . - . . . - . .
: : -- , . . -. - ., - ; . . -- . . . . .- . . ~
- -.. ~ ., .. .. ~ . ,, . -- - ~.. ;-.......... . -. . . . -- . . ..
~ i U1~5 WO 9~/ 1 1 6~ i92/l~Xli / ' Det~iled Description of a Preferred Embodiment FIG. 1 generally depicts the topology of a radiotelephone 5 6ystem having separate switching filnctions and radiotelephone signalling aspect6 in accordance with the invention. In the preferred embodiment, the switch is a Class 5 switch 112. Also, in the preferred embodiment the radiotelephone system is a cellular radiotelephone system, and more specifically the Group Special 10 Mobile (GSM) Pan-European Digital Cellular System, which is generally described in GSM Recommendation 1.02, version 3Ø0, March, 1990. The concept, however, may be applied to any radiotelephone 6ystem which incorporates a radiotelephone-specific switch, 6uch as an EMX switch available from Motorola, Inc. and l 5 described in Motorola Instruction Manual No. 68P81054EB9 publi6hed by Motorola Service Publications, Schaumburg, IL.
Continu~g, FIG. 1 depicts a virtual mobile switching center 115 (MSC). In thi6 architecture, the MSC 115, formally a distinct and ssparate entity, has evolved to a net~vork of base-station controllers 20 125, a home location register 103 (~R), a cellular application platform 118 (CAP) v~ith cellular specific functions, and a set of def~ned standard interfaces for network interconnect functionality, plus specially developed (and published) interfaces for local cellular control, and a comprehensive operations & maintenance center 106 2 5 (OMC) element for managing this virtual MSC configuration. In addition, the virtual MSC will connect to any manufacturers Class 5 central office switch that provides a nunimum set of intelligent net~vorking (IN) capabilities.
The concept depicted in FM. 1 assumes that the PSTN Class 3 0 6 svntch services, over a combination of PAmary Rate Interfaces (PRI) and Basic Rate Interfaces (BRI) with SS7 & IN capa~ilities, will aJlo~,v incorporat}on of many of the Class 6 switch 112 features currently, or 800n to be available. Significant to note iB that the - - . . ~ : .
2 ~ l Ll ~
~o 9~ 62~ 92/(~
typical growth limitation of cellular 6witching 6y6tem6 today, the radiotelephone-6pecific 6witch (the MSC in the GSM I)igital Cellular System), i8 no longer a factor in the architecture depicted in FIG. 1. The switching limitation6 of the virtual MSC 115 are S borne solely by any Class 5 office switrhing limita~ons.
The C.AP 118 would support a combination of cellular specific functions that coult reside on a single or multiple platfo~ns as a function of c06t and performance. In fact, some of the elements shown as distinct and separste entitie6, i.e., vehicle location 10 regi6ter (VLR), mobility management, customized services, etc., could co-reside on the 6ame physical platform if cost and performance warrant thi6 arrangement. However, functionally these elements are shown separately to focu6 on their particular function wit~in the virtual MSC 115. The CAP 118 could have the 15 capability to address the small as well as the large market, ranging from 50 channel6 to 6,000 channels. Espansion beyond that figure i8 envisioned to be performed through networking of CAPs 118 via the B interface 116 of EIG.1.
The HLR 103 repre~ents the subscriber data base for the 2 0 cellular network and is the permanent record store for all subscribers in the network. The HLR 103 contains information such as preferred carrier, allowed features, call screen li6t, etc.
This platfonn is also estensible in that the number of 6ubscribers range6 from a low end of appro~nately 5,000 subscribers to a high 2 5 end of appro~mately 500,000 subscribers. Physically, the HLR 103 interconnects to the network or Clas6 5 switch 112 via SS#7 to facilitate incoming calls, and connects to the CAP 118 v ia IS-41, or GSM MAP, to support validation.
The base-station controllers 121-124 (BSC'6), which may be 3 0 local or remote, all have subrate switching capability v~ithin the platform and primarily perform interfacing functions for the radiotelephone system 125 to the virtual MSC 11~. Each BSC
supports a plurality of base transceiver station6 127-129 (BTS's~, , ~
;. ~ . , , -. ' . - , 2100d4,~
WO 9~/116~' PC'I /l '~i92/~X( ~
which are tbe actual radio channels used to communicate with a subscriber 132. Whenever possible, speech compression may be employed between the BTS and BSC to reduce line cost~. Handoff between BTS's under the 6ame BSC are accomplished via the switching capability a6sociated with the BSC 122-124. Handoffs between BSC are accomplished through the Class 5 switch 112, typica~ly via nailed connection6. Alternatively, direct connections between BSC's may be used to facilitate the inter-BSC handoff. In the preferred embodiment, each BSC 121-124 i6 targeted in size to 1 0 support up to 1,500 radio chaDnels.
The transcoder function, depicted in the master BSC 121 of the radiotelephone system 125, i6 present to allow voice compression for decreased back haul co~ts on cell site connections. In the preferred embodiment, transcoding converts 13 ~bps GSM speech to 64 ~bps A-Law PCM. The tran6coding function also repre6ents the termination point for the integrated service6 digital network (ISDN) interface with the Clas6 5 switch 112. If desired for cost purposes, switching may also be associated with the tran~coder to facilitate inter-BSC connections. The Class 5 switch 112 link 113 terminates on the transcoder in the master BSC 121, where D
channel controllen are groomed and routed to the CAP 118. Voice channels are then compressed, if necessary (most analog modulation 6cheme6 do not use compression today), and routed to the BSC's 122-124.
2~ The BSC's 121-124 communicate with the CAP 118 through the A+ interface, which i6 an interface bssed on the GSM A
interface. The A+ interfa~ce must supplement to the A interface to support analog modulation schemes a8 well ss future digital modulation ~cheme6, and is a published interface. The physical 3 0 realization of this interface would mo6t likely result in the transcoder grooming this interface from the BSC voice ter~inations and routing it to the CAP 118 with the D channel terminations.
.
~' ~ '' ' ' " .
210~ a ~40 93/l 16~ 7 pcr/llss2/l~fi/~
All inter-switch communicstion6 shall be handled by yet another publi6hed interface. In the preferred embodiment, this interface would be the GSM MAP interface. In countries such as the United State6, the interface would be IS41 inter~ace. Inter-5 switch handoffs, as well a6 call delivery, would be facilitatedthrough this interface. Voice interconnect to other switches would be made through the Clas~ 5 switch 112, with control ridirlg in the ~ame link.
All the elements comprising the virtual MSC 115 will require l 0 interconnection to the OMC 106. The OMC 106 represents a common look and feel to the operator for the entire infrastructure, and provides a central location for operation and maintenance type monitonng and performance. I~terconnection to the PSTN 100 will be via a 2~25 link with a standardized CMISE protocol. In addition, 1~ an interworking function 109 (IWF) iB connected to the Class 5 switch 112 to facilitate bearer services such as FAX, modem services, etc.
As previoudy mentioned, the Class 5 switch 112 may be a geneAc Class 5 switch that supports the following functionality:
~ e.g., 800 type message query service. the SSP function must be able to route a SS7 formatted message to either or both the service control point (SCO like functions of the HLR 103 and the CAP 118 entities.
- 2. Primarv Rate Interface (PRI~, the PRI is Q.92VQ.931 based. 23B+lD is sufficient for the virtual MSC 115 approach.
3. Basic Rate k-terface tBRI)~ the Q.931/Q.932 message set for the BRI iB the support protocol required for this interface.
~, .- '-.' . -. - . .: - ~ :
- . - . .
' ' ,~ . . ., , -- . . ~ ~ -- ~, ': .. ' - ~ . ' . ' ' wo 9~/l 16~ O ~ Pcr/~ls92/~Jx~, 4- ~k~. the Cla8s 5 switch 112 should be able to terminate SS7 trunking to the local exchange carrier within the PSTN. Support of cu6tomized local area signalling services is desirable for future feature inter-operability.
`VO 9?s/1 16" PCl/U~iY2/l~X( /
BADIall~ONE SYSI~q CONIROT.~ ~R
Field of the Invention The present invention relates generally to radiotelephone systems and, more particularly, to radiotelephone systems incorporating switches to perform commu~ication interconnection 1 0 between elements of the radiotelephone system.
Background of the Invention Radiotelephone systems typically incorporate radiotelephone-15 specific switches which are u~ed to interconnect base-stations in a particular coverage area with a public switched telephone network (PSTN). These radiotelephon~spec;fic switches perform switching in re6ponse to signalling aspects related to the radiotelephone system. For esample, the radiotelephone-specific switch may be the 2 0 central location for storage of subscriber identification numbers, visiting identification numbers, billing infor nation, etc. When a radiotelephone call is initiated by a subscriber unit to a particular base-station in the radiotelephone system, the base-station will report the appropriate information bacl~ to the radiotelephone-2 5 specific switch so that switching to the appropriate destination canoccur. Likewise, the radiotelephone-6pecific switch v~rill perform user billing computations and storage, among other things.
The radiotelephone-specific switches used in radiotelephone systems are difficult to build and even more difficult to maintain 3 0 due to the comples combination of the switchin~ elements coupled with the radiotelephone-specific aspects of signalling, control, etc Al~o, since the upper limit of capacity with respect to the radiotelephone-specific switch is usually the upper limit of capacity ~1~0~
wo 9~/l l62~ 2 ~ ss2/llx(~-of the radiotelephone 6ystem for a given coverage area, a practical sub6criber capacity problem occurs when.radiotelephone-specific 6witches are employed. In typical scenarios, the subscriber capacity for radiotelephone-specific switches may range anywhere S from 500 sub6cribers up to at least 2500 subscribers, depending on the coverage area. In large coverage areas, the upper limit of subscriber capacity given by the~e radiotelephone-specific sv.~itches can be exceeded in a very short time.
To alleviate this capacity and complesity problem in radiotelephone 6y6tems, elimination of the radiotelephone-specific switch is an ideal solution. Moreover, since land-line 6witches are abundant throughout the PSTN, there should neve, be a lack of switching power which might be used for both PSTN-type switching and radiotelephone-type switching. To eliminate the radiotelephone-specific switch, the signalling aspects related strictly to the radiotelephone system need to be removed from the radiotelephone-specific switch. This would allow for generic, PSTN-type switches to be used in lieu of the complex and capacity-limiting radiotelephone-specific switches. To asfiure a transparent 2 0 change-over from the radiotelsphone-specific switches to PSTN-type switche6, changes to the architecture of the PSTN-type switch should be kept to a minimum. For esample, if a controller containing only radiotelephone signalling aspects is to be connected to the PSTN-type switch, the controller should not require 2 5 additional protocol to perform the appropriate switching between the radiotelephone system and the PSTN. In other words, the controller should have the capability to interface into a standard port of the PSTN-type switch without the switch knowing that it is being used for radiotelephone-type switching. In addition, the 3 0 controller, and con~equently the radiotelephone system, should have appropriate capability to leverage off of existing, clsssical PSTN-type switch functions.
- -, - , - :
, . i ..
- . .
. .. . . . .
- ~ -, ' ', , - , , ' . : ...
-:, : ' , , ~
~o 93/1162' 2 .1 0 9 Ll ~ ~) PCT/~'S92/(~X~
Thus, a need exist6 for a radiotelephone system which essentially separate6 the fimctions of radiotelephone-type signalling aspects from the switching aspects, and in addition leverages off of existing PSTN-type switches for call features and consequently, 5 user convenience.
Summary of the Imlention A controller in a communication system processes control infonnation related only to the radiotelephone system and accesses a switch to appropriately route voice information responsive to the processed control information.
Brief Description of the Drawings FIG. 1 generally depicts the topology of a communication sy6tem incorporating a ~witching center having separate ~witching 2 0 functions and radiotelephone signalling processing in accordance with the invention.
~lG. 2 generally illustrates in block diagram form the cellular applications platform (CAP) in accordance with the invention.
2 5 ~IG. 3 generally depicts the step6 the communication 6tem of PIG.l undergoes to connect a mobile initiating a call to a land-line destination within the PSTN in accordance with the invention.
PIG. 4 generally depicts the steps the communication 6ystem of ~IG. 1 undergoes to connect a PSTN-originated call to a mobile in 3 0 accordance with the invention.
FIG. ~ generally depicts tl~e steps the communication system undergoes to perfor~n location update in accordance with the invention.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. ... . . .. .. ... ... ~ . . ~ -. ~ .
- . - . . . - . .
: : -- , . . -. - ., - ; . . -- . . . . .- . . ~
- -.. ~ ., .. .. ~ . ,, . -- - ~.. ;-.......... . -. . . . -- . . ..
~ i U1~5 WO 9~/ 1 1 6~ i92/l~Xli / ' Det~iled Description of a Preferred Embodiment FIG. 1 generally depicts the topology of a radiotelephone 5 6ystem having separate switching filnctions and radiotelephone signalling aspect6 in accordance with the invention. In the preferred embodiment, the switch is a Class 5 switch 112. Also, in the preferred embodiment the radiotelephone system is a cellular radiotelephone system, and more specifically the Group Special 10 Mobile (GSM) Pan-European Digital Cellular System, which is generally described in GSM Recommendation 1.02, version 3Ø0, March, 1990. The concept, however, may be applied to any radiotelephone 6ystem which incorporates a radiotelephone-specific switch, 6uch as an EMX switch available from Motorola, Inc. and l 5 described in Motorola Instruction Manual No. 68P81054EB9 publi6hed by Motorola Service Publications, Schaumburg, IL.
Continu~g, FIG. 1 depicts a virtual mobile switching center 115 (MSC). In thi6 architecture, the MSC 115, formally a distinct and ssparate entity, has evolved to a net~vork of base-station controllers 20 125, a home location register 103 (~R), a cellular application platform 118 (CAP) v~ith cellular specific functions, and a set of def~ned standard interfaces for network interconnect functionality, plus specially developed (and published) interfaces for local cellular control, and a comprehensive operations & maintenance center 106 2 5 (OMC) element for managing this virtual MSC configuration. In addition, the virtual MSC will connect to any manufacturers Class 5 central office switch that provides a nunimum set of intelligent net~vorking (IN) capabilities.
The concept depicted in FM. 1 assumes that the PSTN Class 3 0 6 svntch services, over a combination of PAmary Rate Interfaces (PRI) and Basic Rate Interfaces (BRI) with SS7 & IN capa~ilities, will aJlo~,v incorporat}on of many of the Class 6 switch 112 features currently, or 800n to be available. Significant to note iB that the - - . . ~ : .
2 ~ l Ll ~
~o 9~ 62~ 92/(~
typical growth limitation of cellular 6witching 6y6tem6 today, the radiotelephone-6pecific 6witch (the MSC in the GSM I)igital Cellular System), i8 no longer a factor in the architecture depicted in FIG. 1. The switching limitation6 of the virtual MSC 115 are S borne solely by any Class 5 office switrhing limita~ons.
The C.AP 118 would support a combination of cellular specific functions that coult reside on a single or multiple platfo~ns as a function of c06t and performance. In fact, some of the elements shown as distinct and separste entitie6, i.e., vehicle location 10 regi6ter (VLR), mobility management, customized services, etc., could co-reside on the 6ame physical platform if cost and performance warrant thi6 arrangement. However, functionally these elements are shown separately to focu6 on their particular function wit~in the virtual MSC 115. The CAP 118 could have the 15 capability to address the small as well as the large market, ranging from 50 channel6 to 6,000 channels. Espansion beyond that figure i8 envisioned to be performed through networking of CAPs 118 via the B interface 116 of EIG.1.
The HLR 103 repre~ents the subscriber data base for the 2 0 cellular network and is the permanent record store for all subscribers in the network. The HLR 103 contains information such as preferred carrier, allowed features, call screen li6t, etc.
This platfonn is also estensible in that the number of 6ubscribers range6 from a low end of appro~nately 5,000 subscribers to a high 2 5 end of appro~mately 500,000 subscribers. Physically, the HLR 103 interconnects to the network or Clas6 5 switch 112 via SS#7 to facilitate incoming calls, and connects to the CAP 118 v ia IS-41, or GSM MAP, to support validation.
The base-station controllers 121-124 (BSC'6), which may be 3 0 local or remote, all have subrate switching capability v~ithin the platform and primarily perform interfacing functions for the radiotelephone system 125 to the virtual MSC 11~. Each BSC
supports a plurality of base transceiver station6 127-129 (BTS's~, , ~
;. ~ . , , -. ' . - , 2100d4,~
WO 9~/116~' PC'I /l '~i92/~X( ~
which are tbe actual radio channels used to communicate with a subscriber 132. Whenever possible, speech compression may be employed between the BTS and BSC to reduce line cost~. Handoff between BTS's under the 6ame BSC are accomplished via the switching capability a6sociated with the BSC 122-124. Handoffs between BSC are accomplished through the Class 5 switch 112, typica~ly via nailed connection6. Alternatively, direct connections between BSC's may be used to facilitate the inter-BSC handoff. In the preferred embodiment, each BSC 121-124 i6 targeted in size to 1 0 support up to 1,500 radio chaDnels.
The transcoder function, depicted in the master BSC 121 of the radiotelephone system 125, i6 present to allow voice compression for decreased back haul co~ts on cell site connections. In the preferred embodiment, transcoding converts 13 ~bps GSM speech to 64 ~bps A-Law PCM. The tran6coding function also repre6ents the termination point for the integrated service6 digital network (ISDN) interface with the Clas6 5 switch 112. If desired for cost purposes, switching may also be associated with the tran~coder to facilitate inter-BSC connections. The Class 5 switch 112 link 113 terminates on the transcoder in the master BSC 121, where D
channel controllen are groomed and routed to the CAP 118. Voice channels are then compressed, if necessary (most analog modulation 6cheme6 do not use compression today), and routed to the BSC's 122-124.
2~ The BSC's 121-124 communicate with the CAP 118 through the A+ interface, which i6 an interface bssed on the GSM A
interface. The A+ interfa~ce must supplement to the A interface to support analog modulation schemes a8 well ss future digital modulation ~cheme6, and is a published interface. The physical 3 0 realization of this interface would mo6t likely result in the transcoder grooming this interface from the BSC voice ter~inations and routing it to the CAP 118 with the D channel terminations.
.
~' ~ '' ' ' " .
210~ a ~40 93/l 16~ 7 pcr/llss2/l~fi/~
All inter-switch communicstion6 shall be handled by yet another publi6hed interface. In the preferred embodiment, this interface would be the GSM MAP interface. In countries such as the United State6, the interface would be IS41 inter~ace. Inter-5 switch handoffs, as well a6 call delivery, would be facilitatedthrough this interface. Voice interconnect to other switches would be made through the Clas~ 5 switch 112, with control ridirlg in the ~ame link.
All the elements comprising the virtual MSC 115 will require l 0 interconnection to the OMC 106. The OMC 106 represents a common look and feel to the operator for the entire infrastructure, and provides a central location for operation and maintenance type monitonng and performance. I~terconnection to the PSTN 100 will be via a 2~25 link with a standardized CMISE protocol. In addition, 1~ an interworking function 109 (IWF) iB connected to the Class 5 switch 112 to facilitate bearer services such as FAX, modem services, etc.
As previoudy mentioned, the Class 5 switch 112 may be a geneAc Class 5 switch that supports the following functionality:
~ e.g., 800 type message query service. the SSP function must be able to route a SS7 formatted message to either or both the service control point (SCO like functions of the HLR 103 and the CAP 118 entities.
- 2. Primarv Rate Interface (PRI~, the PRI is Q.92VQ.931 based. 23B+lD is sufficient for the virtual MSC 115 approach.
3. Basic Rate k-terface tBRI)~ the Q.931/Q.932 message set for the BRI iB the support protocol required for this interface.
~, .- '-.' . -. - . .: - ~ :
- . - . .
' ' ,~ . . ., , -- . . ~ ~ -- ~, ': .. ' - ~ . ' . ' ' wo 9~/l 16~ O ~ Pcr/~ls92/~Jx~, 4- ~k~. the Cla8s 5 switch 112 should be able to terminate SS7 trunking to the local exchange carrier within the PSTN. Support of cu6tomized local area signalling services is desirable for future feature inter-operability.
5. ~,~ support of CLASS is desirable for future feature inter-operability.
6. IS~ Interworkir.~, it iB desirable to have PRI/SS7 call set-up and data transport available 1 0 on the Class 5 switch 112.
As depicted in FIG. 1, the SS7 link 114 connecting the Class 5 6witch 112 to the CAP 118 relate6 to a number of the International Telegraph and Telephone Consultive Committee (CCITT) - 15 recommendations. The CCITT recommendations pertain to signalling in telephone network~ for the purposes of call control and set-up as well as i~formation e~change for peripheral services related to telephony. Communications between the CAP 118, the HLR 103, and the Class ~ ~witch 112 are covered under several 2 0 component parts of SS7, while the voice signalling for SS7 trunks between Class 5 switches and between Class 6 and Class 4 switches are covered under a slightly different grouping of component capabilities. Generally, the CAP 118/~R 103/Class 5 switch 112 communications requires the message transfer part (MTP), 2 5 signalling connection control part (SCCP), combined with transaction capabilities procedures (TCAP) to support query and response type messages (800 like services) between network elements. The voice communication between the switches require the MTP and either the telephone user part (TUP, international 3 0 only), or the integrated ser~ices digital network user part (ISUP).
While ~rariations on all of the above e~t in tenns of operations and services, it is the TUP/ISUP components that are most often .. . - - , -. . , - . -; ,,. '............ ::, .. . ... - - . - , - . . , , , . . . -: -: - . . . - . . . . . .
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country variant to a non-capable 6tatus with other countries implementation6 .
Interconnection between CAP6 118 from 6ystem-to-system is accomplished via the B interface 116 depicted in FIG.1 The B
interface 116 comprise6 the inter-MSC IS-41 call sequence fi~nctionality for inter-MSC functions, e.g., registration, validation, handoff, update6, etc., plu6 the voice grade trunking (SS7 preferably) to deliver the call6 to another Cla~6 5 6vwitch that hosts the targeted MSC. The B interface 116 used in the preferred embodiment provide6 the6e functional capabilities under the GSM
mobile application part (804 and 838). Again, it i6 de6irable that the inter-switch voice call delivery be the SS7 trunking.
Referring to FIG. 1, the CAP 118 i6 be6t described in terms of three basic functional block6. These function6, and an l S accompanying description are listed below.
tbis entity arbitrates over sll the handoff proces6ing in the sy6tem. All measurement coordination, routing, control, 2 0 etc., are under the juri~diction of this entity. In addition, basic call-control would re6ide in this entity.
~TLR - thi6 entity i6 respon6ible for tracking the location 2 5 of the mobile 132 in the geographical coverage area covered by the BSCs residing under a particular CAP. As shown in FIG. 1, these would relate to BSC6 121-124 under the control of CAP 118. All registration processing, etc., is 3 0 managed in thi6 entity. In addition, all logical mobile busy statu6 i6 maintained in this functional block.
- : - - . ; - - . , . -. . : . . . , , , ~ . . ~ - . . -~ - , - , , .. . . - ... :. ~ - - -, : -- . - -. ~. :. . , . -- - . . . . . :
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Custom Se~ thi6 entity repre6ents the remaining unique feature~ of cellular, ~uch a6 call trace, air time billing, etc. It al60 repre6ents a customer programmable platform in that this is the main manife~tation if the 60 called service creation environment for the virtual MSC 116.
Significant to note is that the physical implementation of the CAP
118 may re6ult in multiple platform6 or in a single platform l 0 depending on the size, modulation scheme and environment chosen. The software to perform the function6 described shall be architected in such a fashion as to support the flexible hardware architecture. The CAP 118 will be required to 6upport X.25 as well as SS7 signalling links.
l 5 FIG. 2 generally depict6 the hardware architecture of the CAP 118 in accordance with the invention. A front-end 200 is coupled to a compute platform (CP) 221 via a redundant l/O
interface bus 215. Front-end 200 uses proce~sed control information for accessing switch 112 and routing voire information through the 2 0 system. The front-end 200 essentially consist6 of digital hardware located in the BSC~ 121-124. The front-end 200 consists of generic processor~ 203 (GPROC) which provide the interface capability and the hardware to support the B interface 116 depicted in FIG. 1. The GP3~OC 203 i8 generally comprised of a Motorola 68030 di~ital 2 5 signal processor ~DSP), up to 16 Mbytes of ~AM, appronmately 2 Mbytes of EP~OM, 8 Kbytes of NVRAM, dual IEEE 802.2 local area network (LAN) interfaces, 32-64EBPS LAPB/D serial interfaces 209, dual TDM fiwitch highway interfaces to support the redundant TDM highway, 4 a~ynchronou~/synchronous serial ports, and dual 3 0 MCAP bus 205 interfaces to support the redundant MCAP bus 205.
The ~PROCs 203 are coupled to a mega-stream interface 206 (MSO
which provide a circuit interface for tl~e 2.048 MBPS ~pans (the A I
interface 126 of FIG. 1) which are coupled to the BSCs 121-124 of .. .. - - , . , - , , . , - , , . .: .
. . ., . ..... : . . ~ : -- ., , - . :
. , , . .. . - , . -... . ; .- .. , . . . .. ; . -: . -- . - . . , .- ~ . . , . , , : - ~,: - . ., : .
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FIG. 1. The front-end 200 provides the digital hardware necessary to interpret and appropriately route incoming 6ignalling-type messages to the CP 221 which proce6ses the control informa~on.
When messages are received by the CP 221, the appropriate S action is invoked by the software u6ed by the CP 221. A storage medium 224 is used to store user iIlformation, and may 6pecifically be used to store infonnation related to customer service~, vehicle location registration, and mobility management. When the CP 221 has completed process ng messages from the front-end 200, the CP
1 0 221 will transmit the appropriate respon6e mes6age back to either other CAPs, the Clas6 ~ switch 112, or the BSCs 121-124. This is done via the front-end 200. I~pical me66age6 processed by the CP
221 may be to establish a call connection to a subscriber 132, perform a handoff from one subscriber to another, etc. In the l 5 preferred embodiment, the CP 221 and the storage medium 224 contain only processing capability related to the radiotelephone system. In addition, the CP 221 only processes control data it receives from other CAPs, the Class 5 switch 112, or the BSCs 121-124; no voice information is ever routed through the CAP 118.
2 0 FIG. 3 generally depicts the steps the communications system of FIG. 1 undergoes to connect a ~ubscriber unit 132 initiating a call to a land-line destination within the PSTN 100 in accordance with the invention. To begin the call sequence, the mobile 132 ~ends an origination sequence to the BSC it i8 being 2 5 served by. Referring to FIG. 1, this BSC is remote BSC 124 for purposes of esample. The BSC 124 sends a semce request to the LAC surface request which includes the origmation information from the mobile 132. The LAC transmits the CM semice request to the CAP where transaction 301 occurs. Transaction 301 includes call processing in the CAP 118. In addition, data storage is initialized, and all pertiIlent information from the mobile 132 is recorded. T~li8 infonnation includes: ~eizure time, mobUe identity, circuit iDfonnation, etc. The CAP 118 al80 updates truDk statistics - ...... ~ ;.: ' . : - . - -~ ,. . . .. .. . - .. . . . ..
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and initiate6 dialog with the VLR to obtain appropriate parameters.
The VLR validates the mobile and returns a service profile back to the CAP 118. Tran6action 302 validates the respon6e from the VLR
and route6 the re6pon6e to the CP 221 of the CAP 118. The CP 221 of the CAP records all pertinent mobile 132 information, which include6 authentication, ciphering, and temporary mobile 6ubscriber identity (TMSI) data. The CAP 118 then initiates authentication by 6ending an authenticate message to the mobile 132 via the LAC and the BSC 124. The mobile 132 then return6 an l 0 authentication respon6e back to the CAP 118 via the BSC 124 in the LAC. Tran6action 303 occurs at the CAP 118 by routing the authentication response to the compute platform of the CAP 118.
The compute platform 221 verifie6 the re6ponse and then initiates ciphering by sending a cipher mes6age to the mobile 132. The l 5 mobile 132 processes the cipher message and send6 a cipher respon6e bacl~ to the CAP 118 via the BSC 124 and the LAC.
Transaction 304 occurs by routing the cipher response to the CP 221 where the respon6e is verified. The CAP 118 then initiates TMSI
processing by sending T~SI to the mobile 132 via the LAC and the 2 0 BSC 124. The mobile processes the TMSI message and returns a TM~SI response to the CAP 118. Transactions 30~ occurs when the TMSI response is rou~g to the CP 221Of the CAP 118. The CP 221 of the CAP 118 verifies the respon6e then awaits the message ~rom the mobile 132. Upon receipt of set up of message from the mobile 132, transaction6 306 route6 the set up mes6age to the CP 221 of the CAP 118. The CP 221 send6 the dialed digit to be translated, the nwnber translation receives the digits and translates (using DB
routines), the results are returned and translation result6 received by CP 221. A set up of the message is then sent to the term call 3 0 handler, call processi~g is initiated by the CAP 118, and a BRI
trw~k is selected via a message sequence with a trunk handler.
Call sequence queue .931 then begins and the cap 118 establishe6 the call by send a set up message to the Class ~ switch 112 via the LAC.
,. , ;.. ' . .
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The Cla6s 6 6witch 112 then sends an initial address mes6age (LAM) to the PSTN 100 and then ~ends a call proceeding message back to the CAP 118 via the LAC. Transaction 307 occurs at the CAP when the csll proceeding message from the Class 5 switch 112 S iB routed to the CP 221 for proce6sing. A call proceeding me66age is then sent to the mobile 132 by the CAP 118 via the LAC and the BSC
124. The CAP 118 then obtsin6 a terrestrial circuit the mes6age transaction and sends an assignment command to the BSC 124 and the mobile 132. The BSC 124 sends an a~sigmnent complete l 0 command back to the CAP where at tran6action 308 it i5 routed to the CP 221. The CAP 118 then sends a path connect order to the LAC.
The LAC make6 the path connect between itself and the CAP
118. The PSTN 100 the ~end~ an ACM me~sage to the Class 6 1 5 switch 112 which in turn ~ends an alerting message to the CAP 118 via the LAC. Transaction 309 routes the incoming alerting message from the Clas~ 5 ~witch 112 to term call processing in the CAP 118 which records the event and pa~se~ the alerting the me~age to the CP 221. The CP 221 sends an alerting message to 2 0 the bile 132 ~ia the LAC and the BSC 124. ~t thi6 time, the PSTN
100 send6 an answer message to the Cla~s 5 switch 112 which then sends a connect message to the CAP 118 via the LAC. Transaction 310 then routes the incoming connect me~sage to term csll processing which records the event and passe~ the connect 2 5 mes6age to the CP 221. The CP 221 in the CAP 118 records the answer time, updates statistics, and then send~ a connect mes6age to the mobile 132. The call iB now in the conversation state.
The call will continue until either party elects to discontinue it. UpQn discontinuance, the PSTN 100 sends a release message to 3 0 the Class 5 switch 112 which simultaneously send~ a release call OE~LC?) to the P~3TN 100 and a d~connect mes~age to the CAP via the LAC. Transaction number 311 routes the disconnect message to term call processing which record~ the call di~connect time and ....... - .. . ..
.
- . .. - . . .: - .
- . . - ,; - . .
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.. . . . ~. . . .
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then forward the message to the CP 221. The CP 221 of the CAP 118 then initiates a disconnect ~equence by sending a disconnect message to the mobile 132 via the LAC and the BSC 124. The mobile 132 sends a release re6ponse back to the CAP where traIl6act~0n 312 routes the release response to the CP221 of the CAP. The CP 221 of the CAP records the relea~e time and acknowledge6 the release by sending a release complete message to the mobile via the LAC and the BSC 124. The release message is forwarded to term call proce6sing within the CAP 118 which then acknowledges to the l O Clas6 5 switch 112 the release by sending it the release message.
The Class 5 switch acknowledges the release by sending a release complete message back top the CAP 118 where transaction 313 routes the release complete message to term c~ll processing. Term call proces~ing idles the BRI via a message eschange and 6ends 1 5 term call segments to the billing generator. The term call processing forward the release complete message to the CP 221 of the CAP 118 and then tenninates the operation. The CP 221 sends 8 clear command to the BSC while the CP 221 stores a segment of billing information and awaits for the completion of the billing 2 0 information. The BSC 124 ~ends a channel release message to the mobile 132 wherein the mobile will stop transmitting on the particular channel. When thi~ occurs, the BSC 124 will send a clear complete message to the CA~P 118 where transactions 314 route6 the clear complete mesRage to the CP 221. At this time, 2 5 terrestrial circuits that were previously engaged are released the message tran6action, the time recorded and the remainin~
segments of billing infonnation sent to the billing generator.
Original call proce~sing end6, the billing generator formulates and ~ends the billing and tata to the VLR. The VLR sends an 3 0 acknowledgement back to the CAP 118 where transaction 315 is routed to the billing generator ws~in the CAP 118 and call data is then releaset.
- .. . . . .
- ::, - , . ~, . ~
.
.- ~
2l~a~3 `~0 9~/1 16~' PC'r/~l~i92/11#~7 FIG. 4 generally depict6 the 6tep6 the communication sy~tems undergoes to connect a PSTN-originated call to a mobile, the mobile answer6, and the mobile di~connect6 first in sccordance with the invention. To begin the call, the PSTN 100 sends an initial S addres6 me66age (IAM) to the Cla6s 5 switch 112. The Cla6s ~
~witch 112 then 6ends routing informstion to the HLR 103 which then in turn send6 the routing information to the VLR within the CAP 118. In the preferred embodiment, the VLR reside6 within the CAP 118. In other embodiment~, the VLR may be a 6eparate l 0 phy6ical entity. Continuing, the incoming routing information is received by the CAP and transaction 401 routes the information to original call proce~sing within the CAP 118. At this time, a BRI is allocated via a me6sage sequent and a timer i6 6et within the CAP
118. The routing information acknowledgement containing a l 5 mobile 6tation roaming number (MSRM) a660ciated to the BRI i6 returned to the VLR and a set up message is awaited. The VLR
send6 the routing information acknowledgement to the HLR 103 where it i8 in turn sent to the Class 5 switch 112. The Cla66 5 ~witch 112 sends a se~up me6sage to the CAP 118 via the LAC
where transaction 402 routes the set up message to original call processing within the CAP 118. At this time, the CAP 118 records the seizure time and peg6 6tatistic6. Also, the original call processing within the CAP 118 matches the incoming BRI with the subscriber number. This data i8 passed to tenn call proceuing in a modified set up message; term call processing initializes data proce6sing data 6torage, records all pertinent information, 6uch a6 mobile identity, circuit irformation, etc. and i~itiate~ a dialog with a ~LR to obtain location area identification (LAI), TMSI, and international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI). rne CAP 118 then 3 0 ~end~ a validation requeEt to the VI~ to validate the mobile. The VLR then sends a validation response containing the LAI, TMSI, and IMSI back to the CAP 118 where tran6action 403 route6 the validation re6pon6e to term call processing within the CAP 118.
.. ... . ..
~, ~ . . . . .. . .
- . . ., ., .. ,.. - , : . , . , . . . , . . , . . . -.: .. ~ . . ~ .. . , . ; ., . -wo 9~ 6 ~ 3 0 ~ ~ ~ Pc r/~lss2/~x~.
Call processing within the CAP 118 records all the pertinent information and initiates a paging sequence. The CAP 118 pages the mobile 132 via the lack and the BSC 124 through BTS 129. The mobile 132 sends a page response back to the CAP 118 via the BSC
124 and the LAC where transaction 404 routes the incoming page response to term call processing within the C.AP. Term call processing records all pertinent information about the mobile 132 and sends a process access request message to the VLR. The VLR
sends suthenticate, cipher, new TMSI data back to the CAP where l O tran6action 405 routes the incoming sccess response to term call processing within the CAP 118. Term call processing records this information then initiates authentication by sending an authentication message to the mobile 132. The mobile 132 will 6end an. authentication response back to the CAP 118 where transaction l ~ 406 routes the authentication response to term call processing.
Term call proces6ing verifies the response and then initiates ciphering by sending a cipher message to the mDbile 132. Upon receipt of the cipher message, the mobile will send a cipher response bacl~ to the CAP 118 for transaction 407 routes the cipher 2 0 response to term call processing. Term call processing veTifies the response and then the CAP 118 initiates TMSI processing by sending TMSI to the mobile 132. The mobile 132 send6 a ll!~SI
response back to the CAP 118 where transaction 408 routes the incoming TMSI response to term call processing within the CAP
2 ~ 118. Term call processing verifies the TMSI response and begins the Q.931 sequence. The CAP 118 establishe6 a call to the mobile 132 by sending a set up mes6age to the mobile 132 via the LAC and the BSC 124.
At this time, the mobile 132 sends a call confirmation 3 0 message to the CAP 118 where transaction 409 routes the message to term call procegsi~g within the CAP 118. The CAP obt~ins terrestrial circuit6 via message transaction6 and sends assignment command6 to the BSC 124 and the mobile 132. Also, at this time, the .
- . . . .
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- - . .- ~ , - . . . . . , , ~ .
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CAP 118 records all pertinent data required for billing purposes.
Upon receipt of the assignment command, the mobile 132 unll send an as6ignment complete message back to the CAP 118 via the BSC
124 and the LAC. Transaction 410 routes the incoming assignment 5 complete mes6age to call processing &r sending the assignment complete me~sage, the mobile 132 sends an alert message back to the CAP 118 where transaction 411 routes the alert message to term call proces6ing. Term call proce66ing within the CAP 118 records the events and forwards it to the original call processing, where it is l 0 then sent to the Class 5 switch 112 via the LAC. The Class 5 switch 112 sends a ACM mes6age to the PSTN 100 while the mobile 132 sends a connect message to the CAP 118. Transaction 412 routes the incoming connect message from the mobile 132 to term call processing within the CAP 118. Term call processing within the 1 5 CAP 118 (where is term call processing, is it the compute platfolm 221) record6 the event, time, and pa6ses message to original call processing which sends a path connect order to the LAC. Original call proce6sing then sends a conrlect message to the Class 5 switch 112 via the LAC. rne Cla B 5 switch 112 sends a ANS message to 2 0 the PSTN 100. The Class 5 switch 112 also sends a connect ACK
message bacl~ to the CAP 118 via the LAC where tranEaction 413 route6 the connect ACK mes6age from the Clas6 5 sv~itch 112 to original call processing. Original call processing records the answer time and forward6 the me~6age to term call processing.
2 5 Term call processing sends the connect ACK me6sage to the mobile 132 via the BSC 124 and the BTS 129 which places the call into the conversation ~tate.
The call will stay in the conversation state until either the user on the PSTN 100 side or the mobile 132 decide6 to terminate the 3 0 call. If the mobile 132 initiate6 the termination, it will send a disconnect message to the CAP 118 where tran6action 414 routes the disconnect message to term call proce6sing. Term call proces~ng record~ *le discoDnect time and forward6 the message - .
. ....
.. ~ . . . . .
, ..... . . . - . , . - . ., - . .
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to original call processing which in turn initiates a disconnect sequence by sending the disconnect mes6age to the Class 5 6witch 112 via the lack. The Class 5 switch 112 sends a REL mes6age to the PSTN 100 which in turn send6 a RLC me6sage back to the Class 5 5 switch 112. In the meantime, the Class 5 switch sends a release mes6age to the CAP 118 via the lack where transaction 415 routes the release mes~age to original call processing. The CAP records the release time and forwards the release mes6age to term call processing which then send6 the release message to the mobile 132.
1 0 The mobile 132 responds with a relea6e complete command which is received by the CAP 118. Transaction 416 routes the release complete me~sage to term call processing which send6 a clear command to the BSC 124 and forward the release complete command to original call processing. Original call processing l 5 sends a release complete message to the Cla6s 5 switch 112 via the LAC and then idle6 the BRI via a mes6age transaction. Original call proces6ing al60 sends the original call segment to the billing generator and terminates operation. The billing generator stores the call segment and awaits for-the other half of the segment.
2 0 (Where is billing done?). AB part of the c~ll termination procedure, the mobile 132, after receiving the clear command from the CAP 118 sends a channel release command back to the BSC 124 which in turn sends a clear complete command back to the CAP 118.
Tran6action 417 route6 the clear complete me~sage from the BSC
2 ~ me6sage 124 to call processing which release6 terrestrial circuits via message tran6actions. The CAP 118 also records the time and sends the other half of the call segment to the billing generator;
term call processing ends at thi6 point. The billing generator within the CAP 118 formulates and sends the billing data to the 3 0 VLR which in turn Eends a billing data ACK message to the CAP
118. qransaction 418 routes the billing data ACK message from the VLR to the bi~ling generator within the CAP 118. Finally, the CAP
118 releases all call data.
- ~
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.. . .
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Still another function, inter alia, that the CAP 118 can be used to perform is location update of a mobile 132. As the mobile 132 moves throughout location6 having different area ide~tifiers, the VLR pertaining to that location srea, or a different location area, needs to be updated. FIG. 5 generally depicts the steps the communication system undergoes to perform location update in accordance with the invention. Again, when the mobile turns on or enters a new LAI, the steps the mobile 132 takes to establi6h communication to the BSC 124 are t'he 6ame as that for IMSI detach l 0 and attach. When signalling has been established between the mobile 132 and the BSC 1~4, the mobile 132 will send a location update mes6age to the capital BSC 124 which in turn transfer6 this location uptate me6sage to the CAP 118 via the LAC. Transaction 501 routes the location update message to mobility management within t'he CAP 118. ~he CAP 118 t`hen sends an update location area message to the BLR. Important to note here is that the update location area message contains both the old and the new LAIs; also, if the location updates indicates periodic registration, then 8 new TMSI is not required. Continuing, the VI~ send6 a return result to the CAP 118 where transaction 502 routes the return result to mobility management within the CAP. The CAP 118 then initiates authentication processing by sending an authentication request to the mobile 132. Upon receipt of the authentication request, the mobile will respond back to the BSC 124 which in turn will send an 2 5 authentication re6ponfie back to the CAP 118. Transaction 503 routes the authentication regponse to mobility management, which verifies the response and initiates ciphenng by sending a cipher message to the mobile 132. The mobile responds back to the BSC 124 which in turn send6 a cipher response to the CAP 118. Transaction 3 0 504 routes the cipher response to mobility management which verifies the response. The CAP 118 then initiates TMSI processing ~y ~ending TMSI to the mobile 132. The mobile 132 undergoes a T~SI reallocation sequence with BSC 124 and, upon completion, ., . . . . , ............ . - . , . . ~
- . , - . . . . ..
. : - . ~ . . . . .
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the BSC 124 send6 a TMSI reallocation complete me6sage to the CAP 118. Tran6action 505 at the CAP 118 routes the TMSI
reallocation complete message to mobility management which again verifies the respon6e. The CAP 118 then sends a TMSI ACK
S message to the VLR. The TMSI ACK me66age contains the appropriate location update. The VLR then sends a location update accepted me~sage to the CAP 118 where transaction 606 routes the location update accepted message to mobility management. At this point, the CAP 118 send6 a location update accepted me66age to the 1 0 mobile 132 via the LAC and the BSC 124 and al60 6ends a clear command message to the BSC 124. The BSC 124 6end6 a channel reles6e me66age to the mobile 132 which re6pon6e with a DISC
command to the BSC 124. The BSC 124 sends a clear complete command to the CAP 118 where transaction 507 routes the me6~age 1 5 to the mobility manager. At this point, location update of the mobile 132 ha6 been completed.
As can be appreciated by those skilled in the art, FIG.'s 3-5 repre6ent a fraction of the possible message sequences available within a comples radiotelephone system. The advantages, 20 however, of separating the signalling fi~nctions related to the radiotelephone system from the svJitching functions performed by the Class 5 switch 112 are apparent. Since a high percentage of the data transferred throughout the radiotelephone system consists of signalling data related to the radiotelephone system, it is extremely 2 5 practical for the CAP 118 to perform solely as the "conductor" of all signaUing aspects related to the radiotelephone system. This allows the Class 5 switch 112 to solely perfonn switching functions related to voice infonnation transferred between the PSTN 100 and the radiotelephone system 125. A1BO sigDificant to note i6 that the 3 0 CAP 118 does not require any special interface to access the Cla66 5 switch 112. Referring to ~IG. 1, the control paths between the Class 6 switch 112 and the CAP 118 are standard SS7 links. Iiikewise, the CAP 118 also is input into the Class 5 switch 112 via 8 typical ISD~-- . : - :. - --- , - - - ': .- ~
.
- - - , , , ::
2:~ao~ls wo 9~/l 16~ PCr/~lS92 type connection, which in the preferred embodiment is a LAPD
connection. In this way, the CAP 118 simply accesses the standard control circuitry found within the Clas6 5 switch 112. Since Class 5 switche6 112 incorporate predetermined features, such as three S party conference calling, call waiting, etc., the Clas6 5 switch 112 is transparent to all signalling provided by the CAP 118. Thus, by acces6ing the Clas6 5 switch 112 through a common ISDN-type connection, the cellular radiotelephone system 125 can leverage off of the features provided by a standard Class 5 switch 112. This 10 festure eliminates the need for a special cellular switch which also incorporates the predetermined features required by users of both the radiotelephone system 125 and the PSl~N 100.
-- , . . . . ~. . .. .
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As depicted in FIG. 1, the SS7 link 114 connecting the Class 5 6witch 112 to the CAP 118 relate6 to a number of the International Telegraph and Telephone Consultive Committee (CCITT) - 15 recommendations. The CCITT recommendations pertain to signalling in telephone network~ for the purposes of call control and set-up as well as i~formation e~change for peripheral services related to telephony. Communications between the CAP 118, the HLR 103, and the Class ~ ~witch 112 are covered under several 2 0 component parts of SS7, while the voice signalling for SS7 trunks between Class 5 switches and between Class 6 and Class 4 switches are covered under a slightly different grouping of component capabilities. Generally, the CAP 118/~R 103/Class 5 switch 112 communications requires the message transfer part (MTP), 2 5 signalling connection control part (SCCP), combined with transaction capabilities procedures (TCAP) to support query and response type messages (800 like services) between network elements. The voice communication between the switches require the MTP and either the telephone user part (TUP, international 3 0 only), or the integrated ser~ices digital network user part (ISUP).
While ~rariations on all of the above e~t in tenns of operations and services, it is the TUP/ISUP components that are most often .. . - - , -. . , - . -; ,,. '............ ::, .. . ... - - . - , - . . , , , . . . -: -: - . . . - . . . . . .
- - . .. . . . . . . ..
-. - . . . : . ., ,~ : ;~ .. :: . .. . ..
. . . - . . - : .
. . . .
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country variant to a non-capable 6tatus with other countries implementation6 .
Interconnection between CAP6 118 from 6ystem-to-system is accomplished via the B interface 116 depicted in FIG.1 The B
interface 116 comprise6 the inter-MSC IS-41 call sequence fi~nctionality for inter-MSC functions, e.g., registration, validation, handoff, update6, etc., plu6 the voice grade trunking (SS7 preferably) to deliver the call6 to another Cla~6 5 6vwitch that hosts the targeted MSC. The B interface 116 used in the preferred embodiment provide6 the6e functional capabilities under the GSM
mobile application part (804 and 838). Again, it i6 de6irable that the inter-switch voice call delivery be the SS7 trunking.
Referring to FIG. 1, the CAP 118 i6 be6t described in terms of three basic functional block6. These function6, and an l S accompanying description are listed below.
tbis entity arbitrates over sll the handoff proces6ing in the sy6tem. All measurement coordination, routing, control, 2 0 etc., are under the juri~diction of this entity. In addition, basic call-control would re6ide in this entity.
~TLR - thi6 entity i6 respon6ible for tracking the location 2 5 of the mobile 132 in the geographical coverage area covered by the BSCs residing under a particular CAP. As shown in FIG. 1, these would relate to BSC6 121-124 under the control of CAP 118. All registration processing, etc., is 3 0 managed in thi6 entity. In addition, all logical mobile busy statu6 i6 maintained in this functional block.
- : - - . ; - - . , . -. . : . . . , , , ~ . . ~ - . . -~ - , - , , .. . . - ... :. ~ - - -, : -- . - -. ~. :. . , . -- - . . . . . :
21(~U~5 W09?~/1162` 10 PC'r/ll!~92/l~
Custom Se~ thi6 entity repre6ents the remaining unique feature~ of cellular, ~uch a6 call trace, air time billing, etc. It al60 repre6ents a customer programmable platform in that this is the main manife~tation if the 60 called service creation environment for the virtual MSC 116.
Significant to note is that the physical implementation of the CAP
118 may re6ult in multiple platform6 or in a single platform l 0 depending on the size, modulation scheme and environment chosen. The software to perform the function6 described shall be architected in such a fashion as to support the flexible hardware architecture. The CAP 118 will be required to 6upport X.25 as well as SS7 signalling links.
l 5 FIG. 2 generally depict6 the hardware architecture of the CAP 118 in accordance with the invention. A front-end 200 is coupled to a compute platform (CP) 221 via a redundant l/O
interface bus 215. Front-end 200 uses proce~sed control information for accessing switch 112 and routing voire information through the 2 0 system. The front-end 200 essentially consist6 of digital hardware located in the BSC~ 121-124. The front-end 200 consists of generic processor~ 203 (GPROC) which provide the interface capability and the hardware to support the B interface 116 depicted in FIG. 1. The GP3~OC 203 i8 generally comprised of a Motorola 68030 di~ital 2 5 signal processor ~DSP), up to 16 Mbytes of ~AM, appronmately 2 Mbytes of EP~OM, 8 Kbytes of NVRAM, dual IEEE 802.2 local area network (LAN) interfaces, 32-64EBPS LAPB/D serial interfaces 209, dual TDM fiwitch highway interfaces to support the redundant TDM highway, 4 a~ynchronou~/synchronous serial ports, and dual 3 0 MCAP bus 205 interfaces to support the redundant MCAP bus 205.
The ~PROCs 203 are coupled to a mega-stream interface 206 (MSO
which provide a circuit interface for tl~e 2.048 MBPS ~pans (the A I
interface 126 of FIG. 1) which are coupled to the BSCs 121-124 of .. .. - - , . , - , , . , - , , . .: .
. . ., . ..... : . . ~ : -- ., , - . :
. , , . .. . - , . -... . ; .- .. , . . . .. ; . -: . -- . - . . , .- ~ . . , . , , : - ~,: - . ., : .
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FIG. 1. The front-end 200 provides the digital hardware necessary to interpret and appropriately route incoming 6ignalling-type messages to the CP 221 which proce6ses the control informa~on.
When messages are received by the CP 221, the appropriate S action is invoked by the software u6ed by the CP 221. A storage medium 224 is used to store user iIlformation, and may 6pecifically be used to store infonnation related to customer service~, vehicle location registration, and mobility management. When the CP 221 has completed process ng messages from the front-end 200, the CP
1 0 221 will transmit the appropriate respon6e mes6age back to either other CAPs, the Clas6 ~ switch 112, or the BSCs 121-124. This is done via the front-end 200. I~pical me66age6 processed by the CP
221 may be to establish a call connection to a subscriber 132, perform a handoff from one subscriber to another, etc. In the l 5 preferred embodiment, the CP 221 and the storage medium 224 contain only processing capability related to the radiotelephone system. In addition, the CP 221 only processes control data it receives from other CAPs, the Class 5 switch 112, or the BSCs 121-124; no voice information is ever routed through the CAP 118.
2 0 FIG. 3 generally depicts the steps the communications system of FIG. 1 undergoes to connect a ~ubscriber unit 132 initiating a call to a land-line destination within the PSTN 100 in accordance with the invention. To begin the call sequence, the mobile 132 ~ends an origination sequence to the BSC it i8 being 2 5 served by. Referring to FIG. 1, this BSC is remote BSC 124 for purposes of esample. The BSC 124 sends a semce request to the LAC surface request which includes the origmation information from the mobile 132. The LAC transmits the CM semice request to the CAP where transaction 301 occurs. Transaction 301 includes call processing in the CAP 118. In addition, data storage is initialized, and all pertiIlent information from the mobile 132 is recorded. T~li8 infonnation includes: ~eizure time, mobUe identity, circuit iDfonnation, etc. The CAP 118 al80 updates truDk statistics - ...... ~ ;.: ' . : - . - -~ ,. . . .. .. . - .. . . . ..
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and initiate6 dialog with the VLR to obtain appropriate parameters.
The VLR validates the mobile and returns a service profile back to the CAP 118. Tran6action 302 validates the respon6e from the VLR
and route6 the re6pon6e to the CP 221 of the CAP 118. The CP 221 of the CAP records all pertinent mobile 132 information, which include6 authentication, ciphering, and temporary mobile 6ubscriber identity (TMSI) data. The CAP 118 then initiates authentication by 6ending an authenticate message to the mobile 132 via the LAC and the BSC 124. The mobile 132 then return6 an l 0 authentication respon6e back to the CAP 118 via the BSC 124 in the LAC. Tran6action 303 occurs at the CAP 118 by routing the authentication response to the compute platform of the CAP 118.
The compute platform 221 verifie6 the re6ponse and then initiates ciphering by sending a cipher mes6age to the mobile 132. The l 5 mobile 132 processes the cipher message and send6 a cipher respon6e bacl~ to the CAP 118 via the BSC 124 and the LAC.
Transaction 304 occurs by routing the cipher response to the CP 221 where the respon6e is verified. The CAP 118 then initiates TMSI
processing by sending T~SI to the mobile 132 via the LAC and the 2 0 BSC 124. The mobile processes the TMSI message and returns a TM~SI response to the CAP 118. Transactions 30~ occurs when the TMSI response is rou~g to the CP 221Of the CAP 118. The CP 221 of the CAP 118 verifies the respon6e then awaits the message ~rom the mobile 132. Upon receipt of set up of message from the mobile 132, transaction6 306 route6 the set up mes6age to the CP 221 of the CAP 118. The CP 221 send6 the dialed digit to be translated, the nwnber translation receives the digits and translates (using DB
routines), the results are returned and translation result6 received by CP 221. A set up of the message is then sent to the term call 3 0 handler, call processi~g is initiated by the CAP 118, and a BRI
trw~k is selected via a message sequence with a trunk handler.
Call sequence queue .931 then begins and the cap 118 establishe6 the call by send a set up message to the Class ~ switch 112 via the LAC.
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The Cla6s 6 6witch 112 then sends an initial address mes6age (LAM) to the PSTN 100 and then ~ends a call proceeding message back to the CAP 118 via the LAC. Transaction 307 occurs at the CAP when the csll proceeding message from the Class 5 switch 112 S iB routed to the CP 221 for proce6sing. A call proceeding me66age is then sent to the mobile 132 by the CAP 118 via the LAC and the BSC
124. The CAP 118 then obtsin6 a terrestrial circuit the mes6age transaction and sends an assignment command to the BSC 124 and the mobile 132. The BSC 124 sends an a~sigmnent complete l 0 command back to the CAP where at tran6action 308 it i5 routed to the CP 221. The CAP 118 then sends a path connect order to the LAC.
The LAC make6 the path connect between itself and the CAP
118. The PSTN 100 the ~end~ an ACM me~sage to the Class 6 1 5 switch 112 which in turn ~ends an alerting message to the CAP 118 via the LAC. Transaction 309 routes the incoming alerting message from the Clas~ 5 ~witch 112 to term call processing in the CAP 118 which records the event and pa~se~ the alerting the me~age to the CP 221. The CP 221 sends an alerting message to 2 0 the bile 132 ~ia the LAC and the BSC 124. ~t thi6 time, the PSTN
100 send6 an answer message to the Cla~s 5 switch 112 which then sends a connect message to the CAP 118 via the LAC. Transaction 310 then routes the incoming connect me~sage to term csll processing which records the event and passe~ the connect 2 5 mes6age to the CP 221. The CP 221 in the CAP 118 records the answer time, updates statistics, and then send~ a connect mes6age to the mobile 132. The call iB now in the conversation state.
The call will continue until either party elects to discontinue it. UpQn discontinuance, the PSTN 100 sends a release message to 3 0 the Class 5 switch 112 which simultaneously send~ a release call OE~LC?) to the P~3TN 100 and a d~connect mes~age to the CAP via the LAC. Transaction number 311 routes the disconnect message to term call processing which record~ the call di~connect time and ....... - .. . ..
.
- . .. - . . .: - .
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then forward the message to the CP 221. The CP 221 of the CAP 118 then initiates a disconnect ~equence by sending a disconnect message to the mobile 132 via the LAC and the BSC 124. The mobile 132 sends a release re6ponse back to the CAP where traIl6act~0n 312 routes the release response to the CP221 of the CAP. The CP 221 of the CAP records the relea~e time and acknowledge6 the release by sending a release complete message to the mobile via the LAC and the BSC 124. The release message is forwarded to term call proce6sing within the CAP 118 which then acknowledges to the l O Clas6 5 switch 112 the release by sending it the release message.
The Class 5 switch acknowledges the release by sending a release complete message back top the CAP 118 where transaction 313 routes the release complete message to term c~ll processing. Term call proces~ing idles the BRI via a message eschange and 6ends 1 5 term call segments to the billing generator. The term call processing forward the release complete message to the CP 221 of the CAP 118 and then tenninates the operation. The CP 221 sends 8 clear command to the BSC while the CP 221 stores a segment of billing information and awaits for the completion of the billing 2 0 information. The BSC 124 ~ends a channel release message to the mobile 132 wherein the mobile will stop transmitting on the particular channel. When thi~ occurs, the BSC 124 will send a clear complete message to the CA~P 118 where transactions 314 route6 the clear complete mesRage to the CP 221. At this time, 2 5 terrestrial circuits that were previously engaged are released the message tran6action, the time recorded and the remainin~
segments of billing infonnation sent to the billing generator.
Original call proce~sing end6, the billing generator formulates and ~ends the billing and tata to the VLR. The VLR sends an 3 0 acknowledgement back to the CAP 118 where transaction 315 is routed to the billing generator ws~in the CAP 118 and call data is then releaset.
- .. . . . .
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.
.- ~
2l~a~3 `~0 9~/1 16~' PC'r/~l~i92/11#~7 FIG. 4 generally depict6 the 6tep6 the communication sy~tems undergoes to connect a PSTN-originated call to a mobile, the mobile answer6, and the mobile di~connect6 first in sccordance with the invention. To begin the call, the PSTN 100 sends an initial S addres6 me66age (IAM) to the Cla6s 5 switch 112. The Cla6s ~
~witch 112 then 6ends routing informstion to the HLR 103 which then in turn send6 the routing information to the VLR within the CAP 118. In the preferred embodiment, the VLR reside6 within the CAP 118. In other embodiment~, the VLR may be a 6eparate l 0 phy6ical entity. Continuing, the incoming routing information is received by the CAP and transaction 401 routes the information to original call proce~sing within the CAP 118. At this time, a BRI is allocated via a me6sage sequent and a timer i6 6et within the CAP
118. The routing information acknowledgement containing a l 5 mobile 6tation roaming number (MSRM) a660ciated to the BRI i6 returned to the VLR and a set up message is awaited. The VLR
send6 the routing information acknowledgement to the HLR 103 where it i8 in turn sent to the Class 5 switch 112. The Cla66 5 ~witch 112 sends a se~up me6sage to the CAP 118 via the LAC
where transaction 402 routes the set up message to original call processing within the CAP 118. At this time, the CAP 118 records the seizure time and peg6 6tatistic6. Also, the original call processing within the CAP 118 matches the incoming BRI with the subscriber number. This data i8 passed to tenn call proceuing in a modified set up message; term call processing initializes data proce6sing data 6torage, records all pertinent information, 6uch a6 mobile identity, circuit irformation, etc. and i~itiate~ a dialog with a ~LR to obtain location area identification (LAI), TMSI, and international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI). rne CAP 118 then 3 0 ~end~ a validation requeEt to the VI~ to validate the mobile. The VLR then sends a validation response containing the LAI, TMSI, and IMSI back to the CAP 118 where tran6action 403 route6 the validation re6pon6e to term call processing within the CAP 118.
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Call processing within the CAP 118 records all the pertinent information and initiates a paging sequence. The CAP 118 pages the mobile 132 via the lack and the BSC 124 through BTS 129. The mobile 132 sends a page response back to the CAP 118 via the BSC
124 and the LAC where transaction 404 routes the incoming page response to term call processing within the C.AP. Term call processing records all pertinent information about the mobile 132 and sends a process access request message to the VLR. The VLR
sends suthenticate, cipher, new TMSI data back to the CAP where l O tran6action 405 routes the incoming sccess response to term call processing within the CAP 118. Term call processing records this information then initiates authentication by sending an authentication message to the mobile 132. The mobile 132 will 6end an. authentication response back to the CAP 118 where transaction l ~ 406 routes the authentication response to term call processing.
Term call proces6ing verifies the response and then initiates ciphering by sending a cipher message to the mDbile 132. Upon receipt of the cipher message, the mobile will send a cipher response bacl~ to the CAP 118 for transaction 407 routes the cipher 2 0 response to term call processing. Term call processing veTifies the response and then the CAP 118 initiates TMSI processing by sending TMSI to the mobile 132. The mobile 132 send6 a ll!~SI
response back to the CAP 118 where transaction 408 routes the incoming TMSI response to term call processing within the CAP
2 ~ 118. Term call processing verifies the TMSI response and begins the Q.931 sequence. The CAP 118 establishe6 a call to the mobile 132 by sending a set up mes6age to the mobile 132 via the LAC and the BSC 124.
At this time, the mobile 132 sends a call confirmation 3 0 message to the CAP 118 where transaction 409 routes the message to term call procegsi~g within the CAP 118. The CAP obt~ins terrestrial circuit6 via message transaction6 and sends assignment command6 to the BSC 124 and the mobile 132. Also, at this time, the .
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CAP 118 records all pertinent data required for billing purposes.
Upon receipt of the assignment command, the mobile 132 unll send an as6ignment complete message back to the CAP 118 via the BSC
124 and the LAC. Transaction 410 routes the incoming assignment 5 complete mes6age to call processing &r sending the assignment complete me~sage, the mobile 132 sends an alert message back to the CAP 118 where transaction 411 routes the alert message to term call proces6ing. Term call proce66ing within the CAP 118 records the events and forwards it to the original call processing, where it is l 0 then sent to the Class 5 switch 112 via the LAC. The Class 5 switch 112 sends a ACM mes6age to the PSTN 100 while the mobile 132 sends a connect message to the CAP 118. Transaction 412 routes the incoming connect message from the mobile 132 to term call processing within the CAP 118. Term call processing within the 1 5 CAP 118 (where is term call processing, is it the compute platfolm 221) record6 the event, time, and pa6ses message to original call processing which sends a path connect order to the LAC. Original call proce6sing then sends a conrlect message to the Class 5 switch 112 via the LAC. rne Cla B 5 switch 112 sends a ANS message to 2 0 the PSTN 100. The Class 5 switch 112 also sends a connect ACK
message bacl~ to the CAP 118 via the LAC where tranEaction 413 route6 the connect ACK mes6age from the Clas6 5 sv~itch 112 to original call processing. Original call processing records the answer time and forward6 the me~6age to term call processing.
2 5 Term call processing sends the connect ACK me6sage to the mobile 132 via the BSC 124 and the BTS 129 which places the call into the conversation ~tate.
The call will stay in the conversation state until either the user on the PSTN 100 side or the mobile 132 decide6 to terminate the 3 0 call. If the mobile 132 initiate6 the termination, it will send a disconnect message to the CAP 118 where tran6action 414 routes the disconnect message to term call proce6sing. Term call proces~ng record~ *le discoDnect time and forward6 the message - .
. ....
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to original call processing which in turn initiates a disconnect sequence by sending the disconnect mes6age to the Class 5 6witch 112 via the lack. The Class 5 switch 112 sends a REL mes6age to the PSTN 100 which in turn send6 a RLC me6sage back to the Class 5 5 switch 112. In the meantime, the Class 5 switch sends a release mes6age to the CAP 118 via the lack where transaction 415 routes the release mes~age to original call processing. The CAP records the release time and forwards the release mes6age to term call processing which then send6 the release message to the mobile 132.
1 0 The mobile 132 responds with a relea6e complete command which is received by the CAP 118. Transaction 416 routes the release complete me~sage to term call processing which send6 a clear command to the BSC 124 and forward the release complete command to original call processing. Original call processing l 5 sends a release complete message to the Cla6s 5 switch 112 via the LAC and then idle6 the BRI via a mes6age transaction. Original call proces6ing al60 sends the original call segment to the billing generator and terminates operation. The billing generator stores the call segment and awaits for-the other half of the segment.
2 0 (Where is billing done?). AB part of the c~ll termination procedure, the mobile 132, after receiving the clear command from the CAP 118 sends a channel release command back to the BSC 124 which in turn sends a clear complete command back to the CAP 118.
Tran6action 417 route6 the clear complete me~sage from the BSC
2 ~ me6sage 124 to call processing which release6 terrestrial circuits via message tran6actions. The CAP 118 also records the time and sends the other half of the call segment to the billing generator;
term call processing ends at thi6 point. The billing generator within the CAP 118 formulates and sends the billing data to the 3 0 VLR which in turn Eends a billing data ACK message to the CAP
118. qransaction 418 routes the billing data ACK message from the VLR to the bi~ling generator within the CAP 118. Finally, the CAP
118 releases all call data.
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Still another function, inter alia, that the CAP 118 can be used to perform is location update of a mobile 132. As the mobile 132 moves throughout location6 having different area ide~tifiers, the VLR pertaining to that location srea, or a different location area, needs to be updated. FIG. 5 generally depicts the steps the communication system undergoes to perform location update in accordance with the invention. Again, when the mobile turns on or enters a new LAI, the steps the mobile 132 takes to establi6h communication to the BSC 124 are t'he 6ame as that for IMSI detach l 0 and attach. When signalling has been established between the mobile 132 and the BSC 1~4, the mobile 132 will send a location update mes6age to the capital BSC 124 which in turn transfer6 this location uptate me6sage to the CAP 118 via the LAC. Transaction 501 routes the location update message to mobility management within t'he CAP 118. ~he CAP 118 t`hen sends an update location area message to the BLR. Important to note here is that the update location area message contains both the old and the new LAIs; also, if the location updates indicates periodic registration, then 8 new TMSI is not required. Continuing, the VI~ send6 a return result to the CAP 118 where transaction 502 routes the return result to mobility management within the CAP. The CAP 118 then initiates authentication processing by sending an authentication request to the mobile 132. Upon receipt of the authentication request, the mobile will respond back to the BSC 124 which in turn will send an 2 5 authentication re6ponfie back to the CAP 118. Transaction 503 routes the authentication regponse to mobility management, which verifies the response and initiates ciphenng by sending a cipher message to the mobile 132. The mobile responds back to the BSC 124 which in turn send6 a cipher response to the CAP 118. Transaction 3 0 504 routes the cipher response to mobility management which verifies the response. The CAP 118 then initiates TMSI processing ~y ~ending TMSI to the mobile 132. The mobile 132 undergoes a T~SI reallocation sequence with BSC 124 and, upon completion, ., . . . . , ............ . - . , . . ~
- . , - . . . . ..
. : - . ~ . . . . .
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the BSC 124 send6 a TMSI reallocation complete me6sage to the CAP 118. Tran6action 505 at the CAP 118 routes the TMSI
reallocation complete message to mobility management which again verifies the respon6e. The CAP 118 then sends a TMSI ACK
S message to the VLR. The TMSI ACK me66age contains the appropriate location update. The VLR then sends a location update accepted me~sage to the CAP 118 where transaction 606 routes the location update accepted message to mobility management. At this point, the CAP 118 send6 a location update accepted me66age to the 1 0 mobile 132 via the LAC and the BSC 124 and al60 6ends a clear command message to the BSC 124. The BSC 124 6end6 a channel reles6e me66age to the mobile 132 which re6pon6e with a DISC
command to the BSC 124. The BSC 124 sends a clear complete command to the CAP 118 where transaction 507 routes the me6~age 1 5 to the mobility manager. At this point, location update of the mobile 132 ha6 been completed.
As can be appreciated by those skilled in the art, FIG.'s 3-5 repre6ent a fraction of the possible message sequences available within a comples radiotelephone system. The advantages, 20 however, of separating the signalling fi~nctions related to the radiotelephone system from the svJitching functions performed by the Class 5 switch 112 are apparent. Since a high percentage of the data transferred throughout the radiotelephone system consists of signalling data related to the radiotelephone system, it is extremely 2 5 practical for the CAP 118 to perform solely as the "conductor" of all signaUing aspects related to the radiotelephone system. This allows the Class 5 switch 112 to solely perfonn switching functions related to voice infonnation transferred between the PSTN 100 and the radiotelephone system 125. A1BO sigDificant to note i6 that the 3 0 CAP 118 does not require any special interface to access the Cla66 5 switch 112. Referring to ~IG. 1, the control paths between the Class 6 switch 112 and the CAP 118 are standard SS7 links. Iiikewise, the CAP 118 also is input into the Class 5 switch 112 via 8 typical ISD~-- . : - :. - --- , - - - ': .- ~
.
- - - , , , ::
2:~ao~ls wo 9~/l 16~ PCr/~lS92 type connection, which in the preferred embodiment is a LAPD
connection. In this way, the CAP 118 simply accesses the standard control circuitry found within the Clas6 5 switch 112. Since Class 5 switche6 112 incorporate predetermined features, such as three S party conference calling, call waiting, etc., the Clas6 5 switch 112 is transparent to all signalling provided by the CAP 118. Thus, by acces6ing the Clas6 5 switch 112 through a common ISDN-type connection, the cellular radiotelephone system 125 can leverage off of the features provided by a standard Class 5 switch 112. This 10 festure eliminates the need for a special cellular switch which also incorporates the predetermined features required by users of both the radiotelephone system 125 and the PSl~N 100.
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Claims (10)
1. A controller in a communication system, the controller coupled to at least a switch and a radiotelephone system, the controller comprising:
means for processing control information related to the radiotelephone system; and means, coupled to said means for processing, for accessing the switch to appropriately route voice information responsive to said processed control information.
means for processing control information related to the radiotelephone system; and means, coupled to said means for processing, for accessing the switch to appropriately route voice information responsive to said processed control information.
2. The controller of claim 1 wherein said means for accessing further comprises means for accessing the switch via an ISDN-type connection.
3. The controller of claim 2 where said means for accessing the switch via an ISDN-type connection further comprises means for accessing a controller disposed within said switch via an ISDN-type connection to appropriately route said voice information.
4. A switching center for interfacing between a radiotelephone system and a public switched telephone network (PSTN), the switching center comprising:
a switch, coupled to the radiotelephone system and the PSTN, for routing user information between the radiotelephone system and the PSTN, said switch having a multiplicity of predetermined features corresponding to services available for access by a user;
and a controller, coupled to at least said switch and the radiotelephone system, for controlling at least signalling and user registration aspects of the radiotelephone system and accessing said predetermined features of said switch when required by said users.
a switch, coupled to the radiotelephone system and the PSTN, for routing user information between the radiotelephone system and the PSTN, said switch having a multiplicity of predetermined features corresponding to services available for access by a user;
and a controller, coupled to at least said switch and the radiotelephone system, for controlling at least signalling and user registration aspects of the radiotelephone system and accessing said predetermined features of said switch when required by said users.
5. The switching center of claim 4 wherein said switch further comprises a Class 5 switch.
6. The switching center of claim 4 wherein said controller further comprises an interface for coupling to a plurality of similar controllers to facilitate handoff in the radiotelephone system.
7. The switching center of claim 4 wherein said coupling between the switch and the controller is accomplished via an ISDN-type connection.
8. A method of call establishment in a communication system, the communication system having a controller coupled to a switch and a plurality of base-stations in a radiotelephone system, the controller physically dislocated from the switch, the method at the controller comprising the steps of:
receiving a call establishment request from a radiotelephone subscriber unit via a base-station;
validating said call establishment request from said radiotelephone subscriber unit;
initiating an authentication procedure to authenticate said radiotelephone subscriber unit when said call establishment request is valid; and instructing the switch to route voice information from said radiotelephone subscriber unit via said base-station to an originating destination when said radiotelephone subscriber unit is authentic.
receiving a call establishment request from a radiotelephone subscriber unit via a base-station;
validating said call establishment request from said radiotelephone subscriber unit;
initiating an authentication procedure to authenticate said radiotelephone subscriber unit when said call establishment request is valid; and instructing the switch to route voice information from said radiotelephone subscriber unit via said base-station to an originating destination when said radiotelephone subscriber unit is authentic.
9. A MSC in a radiotelephone system comprising:
a switch having user telephony feature capability; and a processor for providing a radiotelephone functionality;
wherein the radiotelephone functionality of said processor combines with the user telephony feature capability of the switch to provide a virtual MSC in a radiotelephone system.
a switch having user telephony feature capability; and a processor for providing a radiotelephone functionality;
wherein the radiotelephone functionality of said processor combines with the user telephony feature capability of the switch to provide a virtual MSC in a radiotelephone system.
10. The radiotelephone system of claim 9 wherein said switch is a Class 5 switch.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US80293391A | 1991-12-06 | 1991-12-06 | |
| US802,933 | 1991-12-06 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2100445A1 true CA2100445A1 (en) | 1993-06-07 |
Family
ID=25185132
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002100445A Abandoned CA2100445A1 (en) | 1991-12-06 | 1992-10-13 | Radiotelephone system controller |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0570545A4 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH06505612A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR970005439B1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU659239B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9205588A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2100445A1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX9207014A (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ245079A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1993011625A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (25)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2531346B2 (en) * | 1993-06-18 | 1996-09-04 | 日本電気株式会社 | Mobile subscriber connection method |
| JP2502468B2 (en) * | 1993-09-30 | 1996-05-29 | インターナショナル・ビジネス・マシーンズ・コーポレイション | Communication control method for a local wireless communication system having a plurality of wireless mobile stations |
| FI99188C (en) * | 1994-09-14 | 1997-10-10 | Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd | radiotelephone |
| FI98689C (en) * | 1994-11-14 | 1997-07-25 | Nokia Telecommunications Oy | The access node |
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-
1992
- 1992-10-13 BR BR9205588A patent/BR9205588A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1992-10-13 JP JP5510091A patent/JPH06505612A/en active Pending
- 1992-10-13 WO PCT/US1992/008674 patent/WO1993011625A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1992-10-13 AU AU28629/92A patent/AU659239B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1992-10-13 CA CA002100445A patent/CA2100445A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1992-10-13 EP EP92921761A patent/EP0570545A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1992-10-13 KR KR1019930702330A patent/KR970005439B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-11-10 NZ NZ245079A patent/NZ245079A/en unknown
- 1992-12-04 MX MX9207014A patent/MX9207014A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0570545A1 (en) | 1993-11-24 |
| NZ245079A (en) | 1996-02-27 |
| WO1993011625A1 (en) | 1993-06-10 |
| KR970005439B1 (en) | 1997-04-16 |
| JPH06505612A (en) | 1994-06-23 |
| AU2862992A (en) | 1993-06-28 |
| MX9207014A (en) | 1993-11-01 |
| KR930703785A (en) | 1993-11-30 |
| BR9205588A (en) | 1994-09-27 |
| EP0570545A4 (en) | 1998-12-23 |
| AU659239B2 (en) | 1995-05-11 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |
Effective date: 19990909 |