CA2181152C - Air quality-temperature controlled central conditioner and multi-zoned conditioning - Google Patents
Air quality-temperature controlled central conditioner and multi-zoned conditioning Download PDFInfo
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- CA2181152C CA2181152C CA002181152A CA2181152A CA2181152C CA 2181152 C CA2181152 C CA 2181152C CA 002181152 A CA002181152 A CA 002181152A CA 2181152 A CA2181152 A CA 2181152A CA 2181152 C CA2181152 C CA 2181152C
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- air
- supply air
- damper
- supply
- temperature controlled
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/89—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
Abstract
An air quality and temperature responsive air conditioning system wherein mo dules are employed to precondition the air for humidity control, to heat and cool the air, and to bypass the supply air in excess of the demand of a multiplicity of comfort zones (Z) with thermostat control (T), and featuring a bypass module (M) characterized by parallel duc ting, one ducting (55) which is restricted by a damper ( 57) responsive to a supply air back pressure sensor (S1), and one ducting (56) w hich is opened by a damper (60) responsive to an air qua lity sensor (S2).
Description
WO 95/19534 Z ~ 5 ~ PCr/US94/00505 KI ~
~TR On~T.Trry ~,,r~TlJRE CoN~RrlTT~lzn CEN'r~aT
CoNl)ITIoNEK AND N~TI-ZnNT!n ~C 'L' 13AC~KUU~U OF THE l~ v ~ Y .
This invention relates to central air conditioning with multi-zone controllers for serving separate comfort 10 air spaces, it being a general object of this invention to ;nflepprlflpntly control air t~ atULe and air quality.
Air is conditioned herein by the controlled application of chilled and/or hot water, however it is to be understood that r~ ' An;cAl refrigeration and gas fired or 15 electric furnaces can be employed. Air quality is conditioned herein by the controlled f iltration of return air (RA), an advantageous feature of this system being bypass of excess supply air through run-around ducting, in response to closure of one or more zone dampers, and 20 characterized by a bypass damper means that ~L~v~,.Ls excess supply air p~s~uLe, it being an object of this invention to provide a bypass f iltration module that replaces the prior art bypass and in the form of a unit that is installed in the run-around ducting. A feature 25 of this bypass filtration module is its coordinated functions in response to zone controller closures as well as air quality deterioration in any one or more of the separate comfort air spaces serviced by this system.
It is an object of this invention to combine variable air Yolume (VAV) and a bypass f iltration system (BPFS), operable with a multiplicity of zone controllers and each of which services a separate conditioned zone.
The zone controller draws air from a cont;m~ cly operating central air conditioning unit, a cooling and heating unit that receives outside air (OSA) and return air (RA) and which delivers supply air (SA) at Wo 9S/19S34 2 1 ~ ~ 1 5 ~ pCT/US94/005f)S
substantially constant volume and at a controlled t~ ~ILur~ and at a controlled ~res UL~:: by means of a recirculation duct in which the bypass-f iltration module is installed for air quality and t~ A ~UL~ control.
5 The zone controllers discharge conditioned supply air on demand in resp~nse to ~hf - L~ t controls in each separate zone, the central air conditioning unit being activated when there is a demand, and any surplus , conditioned air is recirculated through the bypass-10 ~ ~iltration module herein rl; ~ sed . In accordance with this invention, the bypass-filtration module is co~prised of parallel ducting and each controlled by a positionable air f low restrictor means, one of which ~fi ~o-,ds to return air ~resDuL~, and one of which responds to an air 15 guality sensor (AQSl. In practice, there is a ~Læs-uLe sensor at the delivery of the central air conditioning unit, and there is at least one air quality sensor in a conditioned or related zone and preferably in the return ~ air (RA) duct as shown herein. Accordingly, it is an 20 object of this invention to coordinate both the supply of tempered air (heated or cooled) and the quality thereof.
Distribution o~ air t~ _led by the central air conditioning unit is by zone damper means in each of the 25 zone controllers, the volume of supply air discharged being yuv~ e~ by a thermostat in the separate zone served by 6aid controllers. As the conditioned air demand decreases, supply air flow is restricted so as to cause ~Læa~U' æ to increase in the supply air duct and 3 o j which is sensed and a signal transmitted to a bypass air flow restrictor means of the bypass-filtration module, for recirculating a te air volume while meeting air flow demand from the supply air duct. The air flow restrictor means is a variably positionable motorized 3 5 I damper .
Quality of air' is detDrminPcl to exist by any one of a number of contaminant - gas sensors. That is, particulate matter and/or gasses such as carbon dioxide are detected and their proportionate density detPrminPcl.
5 And, when a certain threshold o~ density of a u~ntAminAnt is de~PrminP~l, the air quality sensor (AQS) Ie:~yu11ds and signal ~is transmitted to the filtration air flow restrictor means of the bypass-filtration module, for processing a recirculated air volume; -te with lO the demand signal. It is an object therefore, to provide filter means in the bypass-filtration module, a means for removing particulate matter and/or means for removing certain contaminant gasses . In practice, f ilter packs of varied mesh are employed, and carbon filter packs or the 15 like to remove certain gasses.
8~I~RY OF TE~E ~V~-~J.t The bypass-filtration module as herein ~iiqrlospd is comprised of a double bypass combination inCUL~UL l~ed in the run-around duct of a variable air volume (VAV) system that supplies a multiplicity of zone air controllers serviced by a central air conditioning unit. The central air conditioning unit is operated on demand and is of a capacity to supply the multiplicity of zones. And, upon partial or complete closure of any one or all of the zone controllers, there is a ~ .q-lrate re~llct;r~n in supply air demand, the surplus supply air being routed through the run-around ducting controlled by the variably posi~innAhl-~ motorized dampers of the bypass filtration module, therebeing a ~Las~uLa control damper and an air quality control damper. In practice, the air quality control damper preempts positioning of the ~assuLa control damper, whereas the ~Lesr~uL~: control damper automatically supplements any f low demand inadequacy of flow through the filters as controlled by the quality W095ll9534 2 1 8 ~ ~ 52 PCTIUS94/OOSO~ ~
control damper. A feature of the bypass-filtration module is the Uu~ Lc.tive effect of the parallel ducting ' and separately operable dampers controlling the same.
The foregoing and various other objects and features of this inYention will be apparent and fully understood from the following dpt~;lpd description of the typical preferred forms and applications thereof, thluu~l.ouL
which reference i6 made to the ~c~ _ nying drawings.
THE m~
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a typical Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system, wherein a desiccant air-preconditioner serYes at least one and preferably a plurality of comfort zones, and a central 2ir conditioner unit f or heating or cooling supply air (SA) on demand and deliYered through a multiplicity of damper modules and into separate air conditioned comfort zones, and each air conditioner unit being combined with a bypass-f iltration module separately responsive on demand to supply air pressure and to supply air guality.
Fig. 2 is a view similar to Fig. l, wherein a humidity air-precnn~lit;nnPr serves at least one and preferably a plurality of central air conditioner units.
Fig. 3 i8 a peL ~e- l ive view of the variable air volume system and bypass-f iltration module of the present invention combined therewith.
Fig. 4 is a sectional view of the air conditioner , unit as taken by line 4 - 4 on Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a sectional view of the bypass-filtratiOn module as taken by line 5 - 5 on Fig. 3.
W0951l9534 Fig. 6 is a sectional view Or the air preconaitioner unit as taken by line 6 - 6 on Fig. 3.
Fig. 7 is a sectional view of the air damper module 5 as taken by line 7 - 7 of Fig. 3.
Fig. 8 is an illustration of a ~l~Pqic~Ant wheel as it is used herein, to show the ~ ~. ~ and areas thereof applied to ~lPh~lm;rl;fication and to legel~eL-tion (normal 10 application).
Fig. 9 is a pe~e.;Live LL ~ Laly section of a heat pipe conf iguration employed herein as the heat transfer means; and Fig. 10 is an enlarged frA~j L~LY
15 sectional view showing an; uved finned heat pipe and its internal heat flow.
n~TAT~D ~)E8CRIPTION OF THE ~r~
Ref erring now to the drawings, this invention resides in variable air volume (VAV) by-pass f iltration systems (BPFS) used in combination with heating, ventilating and air conditioning (E~VAC) system. A
25 feature of this invention is i ntlPrPn~lPnt response to both supply air (SA) pLés~uLe and to indoor air quality (IAQ), whereby variable air volume is simultaneously performed with air dehumidif ication and pollution reduction. In accordance with this invention, the bypass filtration 30 module ~ is provided in a parallel run-around duct that recirculates supply air in response to its back ~Le8DULe and f iltered thereby in L e-~u..se to zone air quality.
outside air (OSA) is preconditioned, and an IAQ sensor s2 is located in the conditioned zone, or in the return air 35 duct from said zone or zones.
WO 95119534 2 1 8 1 1 ~2 PcrluS94loo505 ~
As shown in Fig. 1 of the drawings, there is a multiplicity of ; nt9-~pr~n~ntly operable air conditioning HVAC units A installed ln n b~ ;n~ complex B, three as shown and each serving one or more separate air spaces or zones. Each air conditioning unit has heating and/or cooling CAr:~hl 1 ;ty, as by means o~ heating and/or cooling coils as shown, or as by integral - - ~ni~z l refrigeration and furnace heating, or as by heat pump ~ means, or the like. Each air conditioning unit A hac a supply air (SA) duct 10 delivering conditioned air to a series of dzmper modules D controlled by th- ~ ~at sensors T placed strategically within the serviced zone Z. Return air (RA) is via a return air duct 11 to the air conditioning unit A. In practice, a portion of the return air is discharged as exhaust air (EA) at 12, and is replaced by new outside air (OSA). As shown herein, this exhaust of, and rPr~ Ar L by, new air i8 accomplished by means of an air ~ u-.~itioner (APC), I such as a r~hllmi~ ier unit C, and as is t9~cclos~r~ in my U.S. Patent 4,887,438; the unit C as herein r~ loc-~d.
, Therefore, the return air duct 11 passes through the preconditioner unit C, where a portion of the return air is exhausted and replaced by outside air.
25 ' Each air conditioning (HVAC) unit A is a means shown as an air coil (A/C) unit having a heating coil 14 and a cooling coil 15. In practice, the coil 14 passes hot water from a heating source while the coil 15 passes cold water from a rh; 1 lin~J source, both sources (not shown) being controlled by controller means 16 that coordinates t a~u~ demand signals from the zone l h~ ~~Lats T.
Air intake into the air conditioning unit A is from the return air (RA) duct 11 through a primary ~ilter 17 an air blower 18. Air outlet from the air conditioning unit 35 1 A is into the supply air (SA) duct 10 and to a series of damper modules D individually controlled by the th. ~a~; T placed in their respective zone Z. As WO95/19S34 2 1 8 1 1 52 PCT/I.'S94100505 shown in Fig. 1, the return air duct 11 receives a minimum amount of outside air (OSA) through the air pre-conditioner (APC) as later described, and can also receive a maximum amount of outside air (OSA) through an 5 intake blower 19 . Ducting f or these purposes is as shown generally in Fig. 1 of the drawings.
The air ~Le ~ litioner (APC) ~hllmi~.~;fies and absorbs pollutants from outside air by means of a 10 desiccant r,~hll7~7;r7.;fier unit C, preferably of the wheel type W as shown . Wheel W can vary in f orm as may be required, and is shown as a rotating cylinder 36 of the rege~ L~ting type having a d~hl~m;~;fying segment 37 in the intake air ducting means a, and having a _ e~e~erating 15 segment 38 in the exhaust air ducting means k-Proportionate use of these two se Ls is variable and depends upon the volumetric f low ratio of the two opposing air streams and the available t aLuLè of reyel~eLation air immediately prior to entering the 20 regenerating segment 38 (see Fig. 6). The higher the eye,.elation t ~LuLe, the smaller the area needed for segment 38 for regeneration and the larger is the available area o~ segment 37 for enhsn~d flow capacity at a given velocity. Where this ratio is 2 to 1, as 25 shown in Fig. 8, approximately two-thirds of the desiccant wheel is devoted to segment 37 for r~hl~ 'ication by absorbing moisture, while one-third is devoted to segment 38 for regeneration of the weakened moisture saturated desiccant. R~ellerdtion of weakened 30 ~7ocjCC;7nt is by means of heated or t èd air delivered through ducting means _, wherein heat is applied by heating means 21 as needed to achieve the de_ired inlet _egelleLating air tt c~LuLe to segment 38. The ~7~ciCcs7n~ wheel is shown in Fig. 8 as a packed-type 35 cylinder comprising a suitable air peL ~-hle ~'~cic~-snk material of, for example, alumina, silica gel, lithium chloride or suitable hygroscopic polymers, and the like.
~TR On~T.Trry ~,,r~TlJRE CoN~RrlTT~lzn CEN'r~aT
CoNl)ITIoNEK AND N~TI-ZnNT!n ~C 'L' 13AC~KUU~U OF THE l~ v ~ Y .
This invention relates to central air conditioning with multi-zone controllers for serving separate comfort 10 air spaces, it being a general object of this invention to ;nflepprlflpntly control air t~ atULe and air quality.
Air is conditioned herein by the controlled application of chilled and/or hot water, however it is to be understood that r~ ' An;cAl refrigeration and gas fired or 15 electric furnaces can be employed. Air quality is conditioned herein by the controlled f iltration of return air (RA), an advantageous feature of this system being bypass of excess supply air through run-around ducting, in response to closure of one or more zone dampers, and 20 characterized by a bypass damper means that ~L~v~,.Ls excess supply air p~s~uLe, it being an object of this invention to provide a bypass f iltration module that replaces the prior art bypass and in the form of a unit that is installed in the run-around ducting. A feature 25 of this bypass filtration module is its coordinated functions in response to zone controller closures as well as air quality deterioration in any one or more of the separate comfort air spaces serviced by this system.
It is an object of this invention to combine variable air Yolume (VAV) and a bypass f iltration system (BPFS), operable with a multiplicity of zone controllers and each of which services a separate conditioned zone.
The zone controller draws air from a cont;m~ cly operating central air conditioning unit, a cooling and heating unit that receives outside air (OSA) and return air (RA) and which delivers supply air (SA) at Wo 9S/19S34 2 1 ~ ~ 1 5 ~ pCT/US94/005f)S
substantially constant volume and at a controlled t~ ~ILur~ and at a controlled ~res UL~:: by means of a recirculation duct in which the bypass-f iltration module is installed for air quality and t~ A ~UL~ control.
5 The zone controllers discharge conditioned supply air on demand in resp~nse to ~hf - L~ t controls in each separate zone, the central air conditioning unit being activated when there is a demand, and any surplus , conditioned air is recirculated through the bypass-10 ~ ~iltration module herein rl; ~ sed . In accordance with this invention, the bypass-filtration module is co~prised of parallel ducting and each controlled by a positionable air f low restrictor means, one of which ~fi ~o-,ds to return air ~resDuL~, and one of which responds to an air 15 guality sensor (AQSl. In practice, there is a ~Læs-uLe sensor at the delivery of the central air conditioning unit, and there is at least one air quality sensor in a conditioned or related zone and preferably in the return ~ air (RA) duct as shown herein. Accordingly, it is an 20 object of this invention to coordinate both the supply of tempered air (heated or cooled) and the quality thereof.
Distribution o~ air t~ _led by the central air conditioning unit is by zone damper means in each of the 25 zone controllers, the volume of supply air discharged being yuv~ e~ by a thermostat in the separate zone served by 6aid controllers. As the conditioned air demand decreases, supply air flow is restricted so as to cause ~Læa~U' æ to increase in the supply air duct and 3 o j which is sensed and a signal transmitted to a bypass air flow restrictor means of the bypass-filtration module, for recirculating a te air volume while meeting air flow demand from the supply air duct. The air flow restrictor means is a variably positionable motorized 3 5 I damper .
Quality of air' is detDrminPcl to exist by any one of a number of contaminant - gas sensors. That is, particulate matter and/or gasses such as carbon dioxide are detected and their proportionate density detPrminPcl.
5 And, when a certain threshold o~ density of a u~ntAminAnt is de~PrminP~l, the air quality sensor (AQS) Ie:~yu11ds and signal ~is transmitted to the filtration air flow restrictor means of the bypass-filtration module, for processing a recirculated air volume; -te with lO the demand signal. It is an object therefore, to provide filter means in the bypass-filtration module, a means for removing particulate matter and/or means for removing certain contaminant gasses . In practice, f ilter packs of varied mesh are employed, and carbon filter packs or the 15 like to remove certain gasses.
8~I~RY OF TE~E ~V~-~J.t The bypass-filtration module as herein ~iiqrlospd is comprised of a double bypass combination inCUL~UL l~ed in the run-around duct of a variable air volume (VAV) system that supplies a multiplicity of zone air controllers serviced by a central air conditioning unit. The central air conditioning unit is operated on demand and is of a capacity to supply the multiplicity of zones. And, upon partial or complete closure of any one or all of the zone controllers, there is a ~ .q-lrate re~llct;r~n in supply air demand, the surplus supply air being routed through the run-around ducting controlled by the variably posi~innAhl-~ motorized dampers of the bypass filtration module, therebeing a ~Las~uLa control damper and an air quality control damper. In practice, the air quality control damper preempts positioning of the ~assuLa control damper, whereas the ~Lesr~uL~: control damper automatically supplements any f low demand inadequacy of flow through the filters as controlled by the quality W095ll9534 2 1 8 ~ ~ 52 PCTIUS94/OOSO~ ~
control damper. A feature of the bypass-filtration module is the Uu~ Lc.tive effect of the parallel ducting ' and separately operable dampers controlling the same.
The foregoing and various other objects and features of this inYention will be apparent and fully understood from the following dpt~;lpd description of the typical preferred forms and applications thereof, thluu~l.ouL
which reference i6 made to the ~c~ _ nying drawings.
THE m~
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a typical Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system, wherein a desiccant air-preconditioner serYes at least one and preferably a plurality of comfort zones, and a central 2ir conditioner unit f or heating or cooling supply air (SA) on demand and deliYered through a multiplicity of damper modules and into separate air conditioned comfort zones, and each air conditioner unit being combined with a bypass-f iltration module separately responsive on demand to supply air pressure and to supply air guality.
Fig. 2 is a view similar to Fig. l, wherein a humidity air-precnn~lit;nnPr serves at least one and preferably a plurality of central air conditioner units.
Fig. 3 i8 a peL ~e- l ive view of the variable air volume system and bypass-f iltration module of the present invention combined therewith.
Fig. 4 is a sectional view of the air conditioner , unit as taken by line 4 - 4 on Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a sectional view of the bypass-filtratiOn module as taken by line 5 - 5 on Fig. 3.
W0951l9534 Fig. 6 is a sectional view Or the air preconaitioner unit as taken by line 6 - 6 on Fig. 3.
Fig. 7 is a sectional view of the air damper module 5 as taken by line 7 - 7 of Fig. 3.
Fig. 8 is an illustration of a ~l~Pqic~Ant wheel as it is used herein, to show the ~ ~. ~ and areas thereof applied to ~lPh~lm;rl;fication and to legel~eL-tion (normal 10 application).
Fig. 9 is a pe~e.;Live LL ~ Laly section of a heat pipe conf iguration employed herein as the heat transfer means; and Fig. 10 is an enlarged frA~j L~LY
15 sectional view showing an; uved finned heat pipe and its internal heat flow.
n~TAT~D ~)E8CRIPTION OF THE ~r~
Ref erring now to the drawings, this invention resides in variable air volume (VAV) by-pass f iltration systems (BPFS) used in combination with heating, ventilating and air conditioning (E~VAC) system. A
25 feature of this invention is i ntlPrPn~lPnt response to both supply air (SA) pLés~uLe and to indoor air quality (IAQ), whereby variable air volume is simultaneously performed with air dehumidif ication and pollution reduction. In accordance with this invention, the bypass filtration 30 module ~ is provided in a parallel run-around duct that recirculates supply air in response to its back ~Le8DULe and f iltered thereby in L e-~u..se to zone air quality.
outside air (OSA) is preconditioned, and an IAQ sensor s2 is located in the conditioned zone, or in the return air 35 duct from said zone or zones.
WO 95119534 2 1 8 1 1 ~2 PcrluS94loo505 ~
As shown in Fig. 1 of the drawings, there is a multiplicity of ; nt9-~pr~n~ntly operable air conditioning HVAC units A installed ln n b~ ;n~ complex B, three as shown and each serving one or more separate air spaces or zones. Each air conditioning unit has heating and/or cooling CAr:~hl 1 ;ty, as by means o~ heating and/or cooling coils as shown, or as by integral - - ~ni~z l refrigeration and furnace heating, or as by heat pump ~ means, or the like. Each air conditioning unit A hac a supply air (SA) duct 10 delivering conditioned air to a series of dzmper modules D controlled by th- ~ ~at sensors T placed strategically within the serviced zone Z. Return air (RA) is via a return air duct 11 to the air conditioning unit A. In practice, a portion of the return air is discharged as exhaust air (EA) at 12, and is replaced by new outside air (OSA). As shown herein, this exhaust of, and rPr~ Ar L by, new air i8 accomplished by means of an air ~ u-.~itioner (APC), I such as a r~hllmi~ ier unit C, and as is t9~cclos~r~ in my U.S. Patent 4,887,438; the unit C as herein r~ loc-~d.
, Therefore, the return air duct 11 passes through the preconditioner unit C, where a portion of the return air is exhausted and replaced by outside air.
25 ' Each air conditioning (HVAC) unit A is a means shown as an air coil (A/C) unit having a heating coil 14 and a cooling coil 15. In practice, the coil 14 passes hot water from a heating source while the coil 15 passes cold water from a rh; 1 lin~J source, both sources (not shown) being controlled by controller means 16 that coordinates t a~u~ demand signals from the zone l h~ ~~Lats T.
Air intake into the air conditioning unit A is from the return air (RA) duct 11 through a primary ~ilter 17 an air blower 18. Air outlet from the air conditioning unit 35 1 A is into the supply air (SA) duct 10 and to a series of damper modules D individually controlled by the th. ~a~; T placed in their respective zone Z. As WO95/19S34 2 1 8 1 1 52 PCT/I.'S94100505 shown in Fig. 1, the return air duct 11 receives a minimum amount of outside air (OSA) through the air pre-conditioner (APC) as later described, and can also receive a maximum amount of outside air (OSA) through an 5 intake blower 19 . Ducting f or these purposes is as shown generally in Fig. 1 of the drawings.
The air ~Le ~ litioner (APC) ~hllmi~.~;fies and absorbs pollutants from outside air by means of a 10 desiccant r,~hll7~7;r7.;fier unit C, preferably of the wheel type W as shown . Wheel W can vary in f orm as may be required, and is shown as a rotating cylinder 36 of the rege~ L~ting type having a d~hl~m;~;fying segment 37 in the intake air ducting means a, and having a _ e~e~erating 15 segment 38 in the exhaust air ducting means k-Proportionate use of these two se Ls is variable and depends upon the volumetric f low ratio of the two opposing air streams and the available t aLuLè of reyel~eLation air immediately prior to entering the 20 regenerating segment 38 (see Fig. 6). The higher the eye,.elation t ~LuLe, the smaller the area needed for segment 38 for regeneration and the larger is the available area o~ segment 37 for enhsn~d flow capacity at a given velocity. Where this ratio is 2 to 1, as 25 shown in Fig. 8, approximately two-thirds of the desiccant wheel is devoted to segment 37 for r~hl~ 'ication by absorbing moisture, while one-third is devoted to segment 38 for regeneration of the weakened moisture saturated desiccant. R~ellerdtion of weakened 30 ~7ocjCC;7nt is by means of heated or t èd air delivered through ducting means _, wherein heat is applied by heating means 21 as needed to achieve the de_ired inlet _egelleLating air tt c~LuLe to segment 38. The ~7~ciCcs7n~ wheel is shown in Fig. 8 as a packed-type 35 cylinder comprising a suitable air peL ~-hle ~'~cic~-snk material of, for example, alumina, silica gel, lithium chloride or suitable hygroscopic polymers, and the like.
2 ~ PCrlUS94/OOS05 The heat transfer means 42 removes the heat resulting from absorbtion of moisture into the ~lpci~c)~nt and is po6itioned immediately cl: llaLLeam from the ~cicrAnt wheel section 37. The means 42 is in the form 5 1 of heat pipes characterized by a hot end 40 for the absorption of heat, and by a cold end 41 ~or the dissipation of heat. In other words, there is a "heat in" end 40 and a "heat out" end 41. In carrying out this invention, the heat in end 40 is placed in the ducting 10 means a following moisture absorbtion by the ~Pcicc~nt~
while the heat out end 41 is placed in the ducting means _ for dissipation of heat into exhaust air at 12.
Accordingly, there is a heat transfer that occurs between ducting means a and ducting means c, by means of a bank 15 comprised of a multiplicity of heat pipes, the hot ends in the form of heat abguLb~La, and the cold ends in the form of heat dissipators. In practice, the heat pipes are short lengths of heat conductive tubing sealed at their opposite ends, having fitting tubular wick lining 20 43 and charged with a refrigerant 44, a gas-liquid. A
temperature differential between the ends of each pipe causes the refrigerant 44 therein to migrate by ~ri 1 1 ~ry action to the warmer end where ~V~lpUL '- t.ion thereof takes ! place and absorbs heat. The resultant refrigerant vapor 25 then returns through the hollow tube center of the wick lining 43 and to the cooler end 41 of the pipe where it giYes up the heat carried thereby, by condensing into the wick lining 43, and repeating the cycle. The heat transfer process is efficient, as the heat pipes are
while the heat out end 41 is placed in the ducting means _ for dissipation of heat into exhaust air at 12.
Accordingly, there is a heat transfer that occurs between ducting means a and ducting means c, by means of a bank 15 comprised of a multiplicity of heat pipes, the hot ends in the form of heat abguLb~La, and the cold ends in the form of heat dissipators. In practice, the heat pipes are short lengths of heat conductive tubing sealed at their opposite ends, having fitting tubular wick lining 20 43 and charged with a refrigerant 44, a gas-liquid. A
temperature differential between the ends of each pipe causes the refrigerant 44 therein to migrate by ~ri 1 1 ~ry action to the warmer end where ~V~lpUL '- t.ion thereof takes ! place and absorbs heat. The resultant refrigerant vapor 25 then returns through the hollow tube center of the wick lining 43 and to the cooler end 41 of the pipe where it giYes up the heat carried thereby, by condensing into the wick lining 43, and repeating the cycle. The heat transfer process is efficient, as the heat pipes are
3 0 ~ sealed and have no moving parts, and require little or no I maintenance.
i The heater means 21 raises the air t ~ILUL~ in I ducting means k for effective regeneration of the 35 desiccant in segment 37 of the desiccant wheel W. Means 21 is a gas fired furnace, or the like, that heats the column of air passing through duct k and through the ~ WO95/19534 21~1152 PCT/US941~0505 _9_ regenerative segment of the wheel N. ~leans 21 is l h. LaLically controlled and brings the column of air to regenerating tl aLuLe~ whether pre-heated or not.
During the summer and similar warm weather, t~e heat pipe means 42 functions as shown in the drawings to support the ~iphllmirl;fication process performed by this air preconditioner (APC). However, during the winter and similar cold weather, the heat pipe means 42 functio~s automatically in a reverse process of heat transfer, thereby pre-heating and humidifying ir in~ air thrc~ugh ducting means 3L.
A basic implementation of the air p~e col.ditioner (APC) dehumidifier unit C is shown in Fig. 6 of the drawings, wherein the structural combination of ducting means a, k and c is made functional for stand-alone operation of the unit to ~Phl~m;~l;fy conditioned spaee.
Accordingly, return air (RA) is delivered to ducting means c by a Fan F2 and passed through the heat pipe means 42. The heat pipe means 42 removes the heat of absorbtion from the dPhl~m;~;fication process, after which the air column is directed through ducting means k nd brought to an effective Iey.n~Lc-Ling temperature by the heater means 21 and passed throuyh the regenerating segment 37 of the desiccant wheel W. The ducting means a is dedicated to pass the ; n~ i n~ (OSA) through the dPhl~m;rl;fying section 38 of the ~P~i~c~nt wheel W, for discharge as supply air (SA). Air flow through and exhaust from the ducting means c and ~ i5 by means of a fan Fl, as shown. Accordingly, discharge of duct c is at exhaust 12. The pre-conditioner unit or ~hl~m;~iifier unit C is a package air conditioner combination llt;1i7;n7 an implementation such as that shown herein, delivering pre-conditioned air to the plurality of air conditioning (HVAC) units A for variable air volume (VAV) distribution WO95l~9534 2 ~ ~ 1 1 5~ PCrrUS94/00505 ,!
by means o~ a multiplicity of damper modules D serving separate comfort zones Z.
In accordance with this invention, I provide the 5 bypass-f iltration module M in combination with each of said plurality of air conditioning units A, each conditioner-bypass combination serving at least one and preferably a multiplicity of damper nwdules D via a ~ supply air tSAl duct 10 as hereinabove described. As 10 best illustrated in Fig. 5 of the drawings, the bypass-f iltration module M is comprised of parallel ducts 55 and 56 which are also in parallel with the supply air duct 10 ~ and through the air conditioning unit A. The inlet to ; ducts 55-56 is from duct 10 at the discharge of unit A, 15; while the outlet of ducts 55-56 is into the duct 11 at the inlet of unit A. Alternately, the inlet and outlet, or inlets and outlets, of ducts 55 and 56 can be from and into the air conditioning unit A housing. There are desiccants that absorb gasses.
20 j Transport of air through the ducts 55 and 56 is by means of differential air ~L~=SSUL.~ or back pr ~S~:>UL~ in the supply air duct 10, as is caused by infinitely modulated closure of one or more damper modules D through 25 ~otorized operation thereof responsive to individual zone thermostats T. As shown, there are four zone damper modules serving four separate zones Z, in series from ; each air conditioning unit supply air duct lO.
Accordingly, as shut-down occurs as a result of damper 30 closure, ~Lc:SSUL~ is increased which causes a c~rate increase in run-around f low of supply air through one or both bypass ducts 55 and 56. The supply air is transported by the blower 18 of air conditioning unit A.
A feature of this invention is that there is a primary damper means 57 in the duct 55, said damper being Wo 95119534 2 1 8 ~ ~ 52 PCrlUS94100505 infinitely variably modulated in r~,~u--De to a ~L~SDUL.~
sensor 51 and control means 58 in the supply air duct 10.
This primary duct 55 is open between the air conditioner unit discharge into supply air duct 10 and the inlet from 5 return air duct 11, run-around of air being d~
upon the ~JLC5DUL'~ differential between the discharge and inlet of unit A, whereby run-around air volume increases with back ~resDuL~ in duct 10, and visa versa, as caused by zone damper opening and/or closing.
In ac~cL-ldnce with this invention, there is a secondary damper means 60 and a seCon~lAry air filter 61 in the duct 56, said damper being infinitely variably modulated in response to at least one indoor air quality 15 (IAQ) sensor S2 and control means 62 in at least one and preferably each comfort zone Z. The sarnn~Ary duct 56 is open between the air conditioner unit discharge into supply air duct 10 and the inlet from return air duct 11, run-around of air th~L~:Lll}uuy~l being lPpPn-9Pnt upon the 20 air quality signal from sensor 52 and control means 62.
A feature of this invention is that the ~L~Sau~e controlled damper 57 has no effect on the opening and closing of damper 60, whereas operation of damper 60 changes the supply air tSA) pL_SDuLt: so as to preempt Z5 and/or control the run-around air volume through duct 55, damper 57 being responsive to supply air ~L~DDULC:.
Ref erring now to Fig . 3 of the drawings, there is a central controller meansl6 that r~ u--ds to the highest 30 temperature demand of any one of the ~h- _ Lats T in the heating mode to activate the heating coil 14 of air conditioning unit A, and alternately responds to the lowest temperature demand of any of the th~ Ls T in the cooling mode to activate the cooling coil 15 of air 35 conditioning unit A. Accordingly, the controller means 16 1 nrl~aP~ a mode sensing means 65 that responds to either the heating or the cooling mode, and a demand W0 95/19534 2 1 8 1 1 ~ 2 PcrluS94/0o5o5 !~
~ --12--signal modulating means 66 that ~ ul~ds to the IAQ
3ensor S2 for opening the 5ennn~l~ry damper means 60 in excess of its normal ~L aS=~UL a balance condition in duct 5s e5~hl;Rh-~ by the primary damper means 57. As a .
5 result, the damper means 57 modulates toward closed while damper means 60 modulates toward open in order to meet the IAQ sensor 52 demand, and maintaining a uu-~Lall~ back ; ~- a~u, ~ in the supply air duct 10.
There is a chilled water valve Vl from a chilled water source (not shown), and there is a hot water valve V2 from a hot water source (not shown). The valves Vl and V2 are motorized modulating valves responsive to the control means 16. Operation is as follows:
When the supply fan or blower 18 is OFF, the chilled water and hot water sources are locked out by the controller means 16. And, when the syste_ is ON and the blower 18 OF~, with no call from the air distribution 20 system controls and/or thermostats T, the chilled water ; valve V1 and the hot water valve V2 also remain closed;
while the chilled water and hot water sources are ready ; ON.
25 ~ When the supply air blower 18 is ON, with no call ~ for cooling from the air distribution system zone th~ -~Lats T but with a call for contaminant removal from sensor 52 to the controller means 16, the chilled water valve V1 is modulated open and the hot water valve 30 V2 remains closed; while the secnn~ry SA bypass damper 60 is opened _ Gte with the demand of sensor S2, lowering the supply air (SA) ~ ~l.u~ a leaving coil 15 and rl~htlm;~ ying the same. The zone damper modules D
; will then modulate to close and thereby increase supply 35 ' duct (SA) pressure so as to induce run-around circulation of supply air through the ducts 55 and 56 of the bypass f iltration module N .
i The heater means 21 raises the air t ~ILUL~ in I ducting means k for effective regeneration of the 35 desiccant in segment 37 of the desiccant wheel W. Means 21 is a gas fired furnace, or the like, that heats the column of air passing through duct k and through the ~ WO95/19534 21~1152 PCT/US941~0505 _9_ regenerative segment of the wheel N. ~leans 21 is l h. LaLically controlled and brings the column of air to regenerating tl aLuLe~ whether pre-heated or not.
During the summer and similar warm weather, t~e heat pipe means 42 functions as shown in the drawings to support the ~iphllmirl;fication process performed by this air preconditioner (APC). However, during the winter and similar cold weather, the heat pipe means 42 functio~s automatically in a reverse process of heat transfer, thereby pre-heating and humidifying ir in~ air thrc~ugh ducting means 3L.
A basic implementation of the air p~e col.ditioner (APC) dehumidifier unit C is shown in Fig. 6 of the drawings, wherein the structural combination of ducting means a, k and c is made functional for stand-alone operation of the unit to ~Phl~m;~l;fy conditioned spaee.
Accordingly, return air (RA) is delivered to ducting means c by a Fan F2 and passed through the heat pipe means 42. The heat pipe means 42 removes the heat of absorbtion from the dPhl~m;~;fication process, after which the air column is directed through ducting means k nd brought to an effective Iey.n~Lc-Ling temperature by the heater means 21 and passed throuyh the regenerating segment 37 of the desiccant wheel W. The ducting means a is dedicated to pass the ; n~ i n~ (OSA) through the dPhl~m;rl;fying section 38 of the ~P~i~c~nt wheel W, for discharge as supply air (SA). Air flow through and exhaust from the ducting means c and ~ i5 by means of a fan Fl, as shown. Accordingly, discharge of duct c is at exhaust 12. The pre-conditioner unit or ~hl~m;~iifier unit C is a package air conditioner combination llt;1i7;n7 an implementation such as that shown herein, delivering pre-conditioned air to the plurality of air conditioning (HVAC) units A for variable air volume (VAV) distribution WO95l~9534 2 ~ ~ 1 1 5~ PCrrUS94/00505 ,!
by means o~ a multiplicity of damper modules D serving separate comfort zones Z.
In accordance with this invention, I provide the 5 bypass-f iltration module M in combination with each of said plurality of air conditioning units A, each conditioner-bypass combination serving at least one and preferably a multiplicity of damper nwdules D via a ~ supply air tSAl duct 10 as hereinabove described. As 10 best illustrated in Fig. 5 of the drawings, the bypass-f iltration module M is comprised of parallel ducts 55 and 56 which are also in parallel with the supply air duct 10 ~ and through the air conditioning unit A. The inlet to ; ducts 55-56 is from duct 10 at the discharge of unit A, 15; while the outlet of ducts 55-56 is into the duct 11 at the inlet of unit A. Alternately, the inlet and outlet, or inlets and outlets, of ducts 55 and 56 can be from and into the air conditioning unit A housing. There are desiccants that absorb gasses.
20 j Transport of air through the ducts 55 and 56 is by means of differential air ~L~=SSUL.~ or back pr ~S~:>UL~ in the supply air duct 10, as is caused by infinitely modulated closure of one or more damper modules D through 25 ~otorized operation thereof responsive to individual zone thermostats T. As shown, there are four zone damper modules serving four separate zones Z, in series from ; each air conditioning unit supply air duct lO.
Accordingly, as shut-down occurs as a result of damper 30 closure, ~Lc:SSUL~ is increased which causes a c~rate increase in run-around f low of supply air through one or both bypass ducts 55 and 56. The supply air is transported by the blower 18 of air conditioning unit A.
A feature of this invention is that there is a primary damper means 57 in the duct 55, said damper being Wo 95119534 2 1 8 ~ ~ 52 PCrlUS94100505 infinitely variably modulated in r~,~u--De to a ~L~SDUL.~
sensor 51 and control means 58 in the supply air duct 10.
This primary duct 55 is open between the air conditioner unit discharge into supply air duct 10 and the inlet from 5 return air duct 11, run-around of air being d~
upon the ~JLC5DUL'~ differential between the discharge and inlet of unit A, whereby run-around air volume increases with back ~resDuL~ in duct 10, and visa versa, as caused by zone damper opening and/or closing.
In ac~cL-ldnce with this invention, there is a secondary damper means 60 and a seCon~lAry air filter 61 in the duct 56, said damper being infinitely variably modulated in response to at least one indoor air quality 15 (IAQ) sensor S2 and control means 62 in at least one and preferably each comfort zone Z. The sarnn~Ary duct 56 is open between the air conditioner unit discharge into supply air duct 10 and the inlet from return air duct 11, run-around of air th~L~:Lll}uuy~l being lPpPn-9Pnt upon the 20 air quality signal from sensor 52 and control means 62.
A feature of this invention is that the ~L~Sau~e controlled damper 57 has no effect on the opening and closing of damper 60, whereas operation of damper 60 changes the supply air tSA) pL_SDuLt: so as to preempt Z5 and/or control the run-around air volume through duct 55, damper 57 being responsive to supply air ~L~DDULC:.
Ref erring now to Fig . 3 of the drawings, there is a central controller meansl6 that r~ u--ds to the highest 30 temperature demand of any one of the ~h- _ Lats T in the heating mode to activate the heating coil 14 of air conditioning unit A, and alternately responds to the lowest temperature demand of any of the th~ Ls T in the cooling mode to activate the cooling coil 15 of air 35 conditioning unit A. Accordingly, the controller means 16 1 nrl~aP~ a mode sensing means 65 that responds to either the heating or the cooling mode, and a demand W0 95/19534 2 1 8 1 1 ~ 2 PcrluS94/0o5o5 !~
~ --12--signal modulating means 66 that ~ ul~ds to the IAQ
3ensor S2 for opening the 5ennn~l~ry damper means 60 in excess of its normal ~L aS=~UL a balance condition in duct 5s e5~hl;Rh-~ by the primary damper means 57. As a .
5 result, the damper means 57 modulates toward closed while damper means 60 modulates toward open in order to meet the IAQ sensor 52 demand, and maintaining a uu-~Lall~ back ; ~- a~u, ~ in the supply air duct 10.
There is a chilled water valve Vl from a chilled water source (not shown), and there is a hot water valve V2 from a hot water source (not shown). The valves Vl and V2 are motorized modulating valves responsive to the control means 16. Operation is as follows:
When the supply fan or blower 18 is OFF, the chilled water and hot water sources are locked out by the controller means 16. And, when the syste_ is ON and the blower 18 OF~, with no call from the air distribution 20 system controls and/or thermostats T, the chilled water ; valve V1 and the hot water valve V2 also remain closed;
while the chilled water and hot water sources are ready ; ON.
25 ~ When the supply air blower 18 is ON, with no call ~ for cooling from the air distribution system zone th~ -~Lats T but with a call for contaminant removal from sensor 52 to the controller means 16, the chilled water valve V1 is modulated open and the hot water valve 30 V2 remains closed; while the secnn~ry SA bypass damper 60 is opened _ Gte with the demand of sensor S2, lowering the supply air (SA) ~ ~l.u~ a leaving coil 15 and rl~htlm;~ ying the same. The zone damper modules D
; will then modulate to close and thereby increase supply 35 ' duct (SA) pressure so as to induce run-around circulation of supply air through the ducts 55 and 56 of the bypass f iltration module N .
4 2 1 ~ ~ 1 5~ PCTIUS94100505 When the supply air blower 18 is ON, with a demand ~or cooling from the air distribution system zone th~ ~ L~ts T, but with no call for GnntAminAnt removal from the IAQ sensor S2, the chilled water valve Vl is
5 modulated open by the controller mean6 16 to supply chilled water to the cooling coil 15, lowering supply air (SA) t~, "LUL~ valve V2 being closed and the sP~ ,y bypass damper 60 closed.
When the supply air blower 18 is ON with a demand for cooling from the air distribution system thr ~ts T and a demand for contaminant removal from the sensor 52 through controller means 16, the hot water valve V2 remains closed and the chilled water valve Vl is 15 modulated open toward full cooling and cl~hllmi~fication;
and the 6~cnncl:~ry bypass damper 60 is modulated toward open accordingly.
When the supply air blower 18 is ON with a demand 20 for heat from the air distribution system th~ Lat:~ T
and through the controller means 16, the chilled water valve Vl remains closed and the hot water valve V2 is modulated open to provide hot water to the heating coil 14. The secondary bypass damper 60 remains closed, 25 increasing supply air temperature.
When in the heating mode and there is a subsequent demand for further contaminant removal, the hot water valve V2 is modulated further so as to increase supply 30 air temperature; or alternatively in the cooling mode the chilled water valve Vl is modulated further so as to decrease supply air t~ LULt:. The sec~nn~lAry bypass damper 60 is opened and the primary bypass damper closed as required.
When contAmi nAnt removal demand is not met by the full opening of the sPc~n~ry bypass damper 60, outside WO 95119534 2 1 ~ 2 PCrlUS94100505 , air r~;m; 7 ;ng means 67 in the controller means 16 activates an OSA blower 68 . ~tely (see Fig. 2~ to add fresh outside air into the sy6tem through the intake ducting 11 into the air conditioning units A, there being S relief air dampers 69 to eliminate back ~r~s~uLa from each comfort zone Z. Thus, the outside air OSA is augmented on demand by dilution to maintain pollutant removal as required. Alternatively, the preconditioner module C performs the aforementioned adding of outside 10 air to the system (see Fig. 1) by supplying increased outside supply air (SA) to the comfort zones Z. In practice, the fans F1 and F2 of the preconditioner module C are variable speed fans that are modulated in response ~ to IAQ sensor S2 demand through the outside air 15 maximizing means 6~7 of the controller means 16. Again, the relief air dampers 69 eliminate comfort zone back 5~ UL ~ .
In accordance with this invention, the bypass 20 filtration module M is responsive to open in proportion to back ~LaS~iULe in the supply air duct, as a result of closing down the zone damper modules D as controlled by the zone ~h' Lats T. A feature i5 the parallel bypass damper 57 and separate parallel secondary ~ilter 61 that 25 , opens in response to the increase in back l.Las ,uLe, 80 a6 to improve air quality as required when there is a zone change in temperature that causes an air flow increase.
This air flow increase and opening of the Sa~- n~ ry filter bypass 56 implements the Ser~n~ry filter 61, a 30 gas absorber, in response to the th~ _~ats T, and thereby increases bypass air filtering and hllm;-?;fication. A feature is the substantially greater flow area through the eC n l ~ y filter 61 - ~-d with ~ the flow area through the yLaS-~uLc: responsive duct 55.
35, Air quality sensors 52 can be located in the comfort zones Z, or in either the return air (R~) or supply air (SA) duct as shown.
Wo 95/19534 2 1 8 1 ~ ~2 PCT/US94/00505 The IAQ sensor S2 is a means that is, rOr example, designed to sense a wide variety of volatile ~-hPmic~lA by sensing the reduction potential of the air. This allows the sensor to respond to the aggregate effect of many 5 pollutants based upon their ability to be absorbed.
Carbon dioxide is a known indication of h~ 1 i n~
o~ r y contaminatiOn, though it is not in itself d(l1~yeLvus, and it is known that blliltlin~ inhabitants emit gasses other than CO2 (i.e., methane) which have high lO reduction potentials. The IAQ sensors are sensitive to a broad range of chPm;c~lA which pollute the air, eqpPc i~l ly Volatile Organic C _ ~- (VOC), as follows:
Hydrogen Sulf ied H2S
lS Vinyl Chloride C2HC3CL
Methyl Ethyl Ketone C4H8O
HYdL oy :sl H2 Methanol CH40 Gasoline CXHx (X is variable) 2 0 Fr rr - 1 -7Phyde CH20 Trichloroethylene C2HCL3 Acetone C3H6O
Ethanol C2H6O
Freon -22 CHCIF2 Ammonia NH3 and others such as Freon 12, Propane, Methane, Methyl Chloride, Carbon ~nnnYicle, Nitrogen Dioxide and Chlorine.
3 0 The IAQ sensor S2 is a means that ; nrl~ Ps a sensing element and a signal condition circuit. The sensor S2 can be a small ceramic coated with stannic oxide (silver-lead oxide) and a heater placed to heat the element. An air sample is absorbed into the stannic oxide coating so that electron transfer takes place between any rP~ ihle gasses and oxygen atoms offered by the heated stannic WO 95119534 2 1 8 1 1 S2 PCr/US94/00505 oxide . This electron transf er increases the conductivity of the element, _~ L~ to the rerlllct;on potential of the airborne pollutants. Ir~ practice, signal conditioning O~ veL L'` the signal to a zero to ten volt 5 range. The sensor S2 is calibrated using an inert gas mixed with methane at 1000 PP~, producing a 3.S volt signal which c~LLeayul~ds to acceptable air quality, for example .
This invention deals with indoor air pollution generated by bl~;ldin~J materials, appliances, furn;~hin~
and by human occupancy, all of which generates air pollution wherein the number of occupants in a b~ l i n~
is most often unknown, said occl~ranry OSA volume 15 requirement being estimated in most instances using the maximum orC~rAnry for the ~-liltl;n~ involved. since most hll; ld~ng usage is les6 than maximum scrllranry, the use o~
maximum or~llrAnry to clPtprm; nP the minimum OSA volume is very wasteful. However, the monetary penalty for good 20 IAQ can be reduced by using demand ventilation with automatic ad)u~ of outside air volume to dilute the indoor air to an acceptable quality.
The RPrt ndAry air filter 61 is provided to remove 25 the a~uL ioned airborne contAminAtion from the , conditioned air, by withdrawing it from the supply air (SA) duct 10 ~y means of the run-around systeTa. The primary bypass duct S5 and damper 59 responds to supply air back pLeS,uLè, for run-around of air volume greater 30 than the demand therefore. And, the sec~ ry bypass 56 and damper 60 rea~o.l~s to quality of conditioned air, for parallel run-around of said air volume to be refined after particulate filtration by the primary filter 17.
That is, the se.~ y air f ilter 61 removes the gaseous 35 pollutants that are carried by the supply air, and as shown herein as comprised of a gas f ilter pack 70 dle:ro_ç-d between a pre-filter 71 and an after filter 72.
.
¦~ WO 95/19534 21~ 2 PCT/US94/00505 The pre-filter 71 is cu..sLLuuLed to remove particulate matter finer that removed by the primary filter 17, and the after filter 72 is cu~. .LLuuLed to remove particulate matter that i5 f iner yet . The degree of particulate 5 f iltration can be varied as may be required. The ;nt ~ te gas filter 70 is, for example, a carbon pellet pack capable of passing the c~ t~n; n~ted air while absorbing the airborne gasses therefrom.
In accordance with this invention, the sPc~ nrls~ry filter 61 is provided for pollutant gas removal, and fine particulate matter as well. In practice, an activated carbon pack of pellets is preferred, as it is conducive to relatively free flow of run-around air and presents an 15 e~LL, ?ly large area per bulk weight, for example 1 lb./6,000,000 square feet. Filtration is by means of the c~n~lPncation of pollutant gasses upon said surface area of carbon pores that absorb and retain the f ilm of liquid that is f ormed, together with f ine particulate substances 20 dissolved therein. Among the substances carried by polluted gasses such as carbon dioxide (Cû2) are tobacco smoke, smog, food odors, animal odors as well as human odors, and _LLUI~LUL~1 and furnishing odors. Such a filter pack will saturate to about 50% of its weight with 25 gasses and particulate matter, after which repl ~ L
and/or reactivation is required for efficient performance .
In accordance with this invention, the bypass filter 30 module N is comprised of the parallel bypass ducts 55 and 56, the 5~ y filter 61, and the motorized damper means 57 and 60 (see Fig. 1). A branch duct 75 withdraws supply air (SA) from duct 10, supplying the same to the parallel ducts s5 and s6 of the module M, while damper 35 means 57 controls the run-Around through duct 55 of withdrawn supply air, and variable damper means 60 controls run-around air through duct 56. A feature of WO 95119534 2 1811~ 2 PCTIUS94/00505 module N, as it is shown, is the d2mper means 60 positioned at the intake of module M to simult~n~oucly modulate the duct 56 while proportionately controlling air intake into ducts 55 and ~i6. Also, the damper means 5 57 is positioned at the discharge of the module means M
to simultaneously open and close the duct 55 while proportionately controlling air discharge from ducts 55 nnd 56.
10 8~NaRY:
This is a Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system with Variable Air Volume (VAV) flow control response to both new space demands for heating and/or 15 cooling and for air ~iltering, by introducing more or less air into a multiplicity of ocrl~ried air spaces.
' Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) involves the use of an airborne pollution sensor, such as a C02 or VOC sensor, in a ventilation demand driven system with f ilters capable of 20 maintaining acceptable airborne contamination levels without sacrif icing comf ort . Use of secondary high efficiency gas filterlair cleaners in a variable air volume bypass loop provides a means for offsetting reduced air supply rates without sacrificing indoor air 25; quality. This system utilizes minimum outside air (15 cfm/person) with demand control (30% air) and provides a ! ~h, La~ in every comfort zone, which allows each system air damper to effectively monitor and control the I t~ UL~ of each zone Z. Should any zone require 30 additional ventilation control due to a rise in airborne contamination (volatile organic _ ' levels), the system will adjust the supply air temperature and thereby automatically allow more air bypass to the high I efficiency bypass filtration module 11 to increase system 35 source r~moval c~r~h; l ;ty. As a result, clean air is supplied to the occllriP~ zone whenever the supply air~low rate is reduced during the VAV mode of the system. In practice, the bypass flow does not exceed 1/3 of the air conaitioning unit A supply air (SA) flow. Indoor air quality may deteriorate if the bypass airflow exceeds 1/3 of the system flow, even with a 100% efficient aircleaner 5 in the bypass run-around loop.
E~aving described only the typical preferred forms and applications of my invention, I do not wish to be limited or restricted to the specif ic details herein set 10 forth, but wish to reserve to myself any modifications or variations that may appear to those skilled in the art, as set forth within the limits of the following claims.
When the supply air blower 18 is ON with a demand for cooling from the air distribution system thr ~ts T and a demand for contaminant removal from the sensor 52 through controller means 16, the hot water valve V2 remains closed and the chilled water valve Vl is 15 modulated open toward full cooling and cl~hllmi~fication;
and the 6~cnncl:~ry bypass damper 60 is modulated toward open accordingly.
When the supply air blower 18 is ON with a demand 20 for heat from the air distribution system th~ Lat:~ T
and through the controller means 16, the chilled water valve Vl remains closed and the hot water valve V2 is modulated open to provide hot water to the heating coil 14. The secondary bypass damper 60 remains closed, 25 increasing supply air temperature.
When in the heating mode and there is a subsequent demand for further contaminant removal, the hot water valve V2 is modulated further so as to increase supply 30 air temperature; or alternatively in the cooling mode the chilled water valve Vl is modulated further so as to decrease supply air t~ LULt:. The sec~nn~lAry bypass damper 60 is opened and the primary bypass damper closed as required.
When contAmi nAnt removal demand is not met by the full opening of the sPc~n~ry bypass damper 60, outside WO 95119534 2 1 ~ 2 PCrlUS94100505 , air r~;m; 7 ;ng means 67 in the controller means 16 activates an OSA blower 68 . ~tely (see Fig. 2~ to add fresh outside air into the sy6tem through the intake ducting 11 into the air conditioning units A, there being S relief air dampers 69 to eliminate back ~r~s~uLa from each comfort zone Z. Thus, the outside air OSA is augmented on demand by dilution to maintain pollutant removal as required. Alternatively, the preconditioner module C performs the aforementioned adding of outside 10 air to the system (see Fig. 1) by supplying increased outside supply air (SA) to the comfort zones Z. In practice, the fans F1 and F2 of the preconditioner module C are variable speed fans that are modulated in response ~ to IAQ sensor S2 demand through the outside air 15 maximizing means 6~7 of the controller means 16. Again, the relief air dampers 69 eliminate comfort zone back 5~ UL ~ .
In accordance with this invention, the bypass 20 filtration module M is responsive to open in proportion to back ~LaS~iULe in the supply air duct, as a result of closing down the zone damper modules D as controlled by the zone ~h' Lats T. A feature i5 the parallel bypass damper 57 and separate parallel secondary ~ilter 61 that 25 , opens in response to the increase in back l.Las ,uLe, 80 a6 to improve air quality as required when there is a zone change in temperature that causes an air flow increase.
This air flow increase and opening of the Sa~- n~ ry filter bypass 56 implements the Ser~n~ry filter 61, a 30 gas absorber, in response to the th~ _~ats T, and thereby increases bypass air filtering and hllm;-?;fication. A feature is the substantially greater flow area through the eC n l ~ y filter 61 - ~-d with ~ the flow area through the yLaS-~uLc: responsive duct 55.
35, Air quality sensors 52 can be located in the comfort zones Z, or in either the return air (R~) or supply air (SA) duct as shown.
Wo 95/19534 2 1 8 1 ~ ~2 PCT/US94/00505 The IAQ sensor S2 is a means that is, rOr example, designed to sense a wide variety of volatile ~-hPmic~lA by sensing the reduction potential of the air. This allows the sensor to respond to the aggregate effect of many 5 pollutants based upon their ability to be absorbed.
Carbon dioxide is a known indication of h~ 1 i n~
o~ r y contaminatiOn, though it is not in itself d(l1~yeLvus, and it is known that blliltlin~ inhabitants emit gasses other than CO2 (i.e., methane) which have high lO reduction potentials. The IAQ sensors are sensitive to a broad range of chPm;c~lA which pollute the air, eqpPc i~l ly Volatile Organic C _ ~- (VOC), as follows:
Hydrogen Sulf ied H2S
lS Vinyl Chloride C2HC3CL
Methyl Ethyl Ketone C4H8O
HYdL oy :sl H2 Methanol CH40 Gasoline CXHx (X is variable) 2 0 Fr rr - 1 -7Phyde CH20 Trichloroethylene C2HCL3 Acetone C3H6O
Ethanol C2H6O
Freon -22 CHCIF2 Ammonia NH3 and others such as Freon 12, Propane, Methane, Methyl Chloride, Carbon ~nnnYicle, Nitrogen Dioxide and Chlorine.
3 0 The IAQ sensor S2 is a means that ; nrl~ Ps a sensing element and a signal condition circuit. The sensor S2 can be a small ceramic coated with stannic oxide (silver-lead oxide) and a heater placed to heat the element. An air sample is absorbed into the stannic oxide coating so that electron transfer takes place between any rP~ ihle gasses and oxygen atoms offered by the heated stannic WO 95119534 2 1 8 1 1 S2 PCr/US94/00505 oxide . This electron transf er increases the conductivity of the element, _~ L~ to the rerlllct;on potential of the airborne pollutants. Ir~ practice, signal conditioning O~ veL L'` the signal to a zero to ten volt 5 range. The sensor S2 is calibrated using an inert gas mixed with methane at 1000 PP~, producing a 3.S volt signal which c~LLeayul~ds to acceptable air quality, for example .
This invention deals with indoor air pollution generated by bl~;ldin~J materials, appliances, furn;~hin~
and by human occupancy, all of which generates air pollution wherein the number of occupants in a b~ l i n~
is most often unknown, said occl~ranry OSA volume 15 requirement being estimated in most instances using the maximum orC~rAnry for the ~-liltl;n~ involved. since most hll; ld~ng usage is les6 than maximum scrllranry, the use o~
maximum or~llrAnry to clPtprm; nP the minimum OSA volume is very wasteful. However, the monetary penalty for good 20 IAQ can be reduced by using demand ventilation with automatic ad)u~ of outside air volume to dilute the indoor air to an acceptable quality.
The RPrt ndAry air filter 61 is provided to remove 25 the a~uL ioned airborne contAminAtion from the , conditioned air, by withdrawing it from the supply air (SA) duct 10 ~y means of the run-around systeTa. The primary bypass duct S5 and damper 59 responds to supply air back pLeS,uLè, for run-around of air volume greater 30 than the demand therefore. And, the sec~ ry bypass 56 and damper 60 rea~o.l~s to quality of conditioned air, for parallel run-around of said air volume to be refined after particulate filtration by the primary filter 17.
That is, the se.~ y air f ilter 61 removes the gaseous 35 pollutants that are carried by the supply air, and as shown herein as comprised of a gas f ilter pack 70 dle:ro_ç-d between a pre-filter 71 and an after filter 72.
.
¦~ WO 95/19534 21~ 2 PCT/US94/00505 The pre-filter 71 is cu..sLLuuLed to remove particulate matter finer that removed by the primary filter 17, and the after filter 72 is cu~. .LLuuLed to remove particulate matter that i5 f iner yet . The degree of particulate 5 f iltration can be varied as may be required. The ;nt ~ te gas filter 70 is, for example, a carbon pellet pack capable of passing the c~ t~n; n~ted air while absorbing the airborne gasses therefrom.
In accordance with this invention, the sPc~ nrls~ry filter 61 is provided for pollutant gas removal, and fine particulate matter as well. In practice, an activated carbon pack of pellets is preferred, as it is conducive to relatively free flow of run-around air and presents an 15 e~LL, ?ly large area per bulk weight, for example 1 lb./6,000,000 square feet. Filtration is by means of the c~n~lPncation of pollutant gasses upon said surface area of carbon pores that absorb and retain the f ilm of liquid that is f ormed, together with f ine particulate substances 20 dissolved therein. Among the substances carried by polluted gasses such as carbon dioxide (Cû2) are tobacco smoke, smog, food odors, animal odors as well as human odors, and _LLUI~LUL~1 and furnishing odors. Such a filter pack will saturate to about 50% of its weight with 25 gasses and particulate matter, after which repl ~ L
and/or reactivation is required for efficient performance .
In accordance with this invention, the bypass filter 30 module N is comprised of the parallel bypass ducts 55 and 56, the 5~ y filter 61, and the motorized damper means 57 and 60 (see Fig. 1). A branch duct 75 withdraws supply air (SA) from duct 10, supplying the same to the parallel ducts s5 and s6 of the module M, while damper 35 means 57 controls the run-Around through duct 55 of withdrawn supply air, and variable damper means 60 controls run-around air through duct 56. A feature of WO 95119534 2 1811~ 2 PCTIUS94/00505 module N, as it is shown, is the d2mper means 60 positioned at the intake of module M to simult~n~oucly modulate the duct 56 while proportionately controlling air intake into ducts 55 and ~i6. Also, the damper means 5 57 is positioned at the discharge of the module means M
to simultaneously open and close the duct 55 while proportionately controlling air discharge from ducts 55 nnd 56.
10 8~NaRY:
This is a Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system with Variable Air Volume (VAV) flow control response to both new space demands for heating and/or 15 cooling and for air ~iltering, by introducing more or less air into a multiplicity of ocrl~ried air spaces.
' Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) involves the use of an airborne pollution sensor, such as a C02 or VOC sensor, in a ventilation demand driven system with f ilters capable of 20 maintaining acceptable airborne contamination levels without sacrif icing comf ort . Use of secondary high efficiency gas filterlair cleaners in a variable air volume bypass loop provides a means for offsetting reduced air supply rates without sacrificing indoor air 25; quality. This system utilizes minimum outside air (15 cfm/person) with demand control (30% air) and provides a ! ~h, La~ in every comfort zone, which allows each system air damper to effectively monitor and control the I t~ UL~ of each zone Z. Should any zone require 30 additional ventilation control due to a rise in airborne contamination (volatile organic _ ' levels), the system will adjust the supply air temperature and thereby automatically allow more air bypass to the high I efficiency bypass filtration module 11 to increase system 35 source r~moval c~r~h; l ;ty. As a result, clean air is supplied to the occllriP~ zone whenever the supply air~low rate is reduced during the VAV mode of the system. In practice, the bypass flow does not exceed 1/3 of the air conaitioning unit A supply air (SA) flow. Indoor air quality may deteriorate if the bypass airflow exceeds 1/3 of the system flow, even with a 100% efficient aircleaner 5 in the bypass run-around loop.
E~aving described only the typical preferred forms and applications of my invention, I do not wish to be limited or restricted to the specif ic details herein set 10 forth, but wish to reserve to myself any modifications or variations that may appear to those skilled in the art, as set forth within the limits of the following claims.
Claims (28)
1. An air quality-temperature controlled central conditioning system having a return air inlet from and a supply air outlet to at least one comfort zone, and including:
an air conditioning means receiving comfort zone air at the return air inlet and supplying tempered air pressured by a blower means through the supply air outlet;
a damper module at the supply air outlet and modulated between closed and open positions to discharge air into the comfort zone in response to a temperature demand for said zone;
parallel bypass ducts extending from the supply air outlet to the return air inlet, one a primary duct with a primary bypass damper means modulated between closed and open positions in response to supply air outlet pressure, and one a secondary duct with a secondary bypass damper means modulated between closed and open positions in response to an indoor air quality sensor means exposed to air of the comfort zone;
and air filtration means in the secondary duct to remove pollutant matter from supply air recirculated to the return air inlet and through the air conditioning means.
an air conditioning means receiving comfort zone air at the return air inlet and supplying tempered air pressured by a blower means through the supply air outlet;
a damper module at the supply air outlet and modulated between closed and open positions to discharge air into the comfort zone in response to a temperature demand for said zone;
parallel bypass ducts extending from the supply air outlet to the return air inlet, one a primary duct with a primary bypass damper means modulated between closed and open positions in response to supply air outlet pressure, and one a secondary duct with a secondary bypass damper means modulated between closed and open positions in response to an indoor air quality sensor means exposed to air of the comfort zone;
and air filtration means in the secondary duct to remove pollutant matter from supply air recirculated to the return air inlet and through the air conditioning means.
2. The air quality-temperature controlled system as set forth in Claim 1, wherein the air conditioning means heats or cools the return air in response to thermostat means in the comfort zone.
3. The air quality-temperature controlled system as set forth in Claim 1, wherein modulation of the said damper module toward a closed position increases pressure at supply air outlet, there being a pressure sensor means responsive to air pressure at said outlet for modulating the primary bypass damper means toward an open position for run-around of supply air to the supply air inlet commensurate with increased pressure at said supply air outlet.
4. The air quality-temperature controlled system as set forth in Claim 1, there being an indoor air quality sensor means responsive to the degree of comfort zone air quality deterioration and for modulating the secondary damper means toward an open position for run-around of supply air to the supply air inlet commensurate to said degree of deterioration.
5. The air quality-temperature controlled system as set forth in Claim 1, wherein modulation of the said damper module toward a closed position increases pressure at the supply air outlet, there being a pressure sensor means responsive to air pressure at said outlet for independently modulating the primary bypass damper means toward an open position for run-around of supply air to the supply air inlet commensurate with increased pressure at said supply air outlet, and there being an indoor air quality sensor means responsive to the degree of comfort zone air quality deterioration and for independently modulating the secondary damper means toward an open position for run-around of supply air to the supply air inlet commensurate to said degree of deterioration.
6. The air quality-temperature controlled system as set forth in Claim 3, wherein there is a supply air duct from said supply air outlet, and wherein there is a multiplicity of comfort zones and each with at least one of said damper modules responsive to thermostat means.
7. The air quality-temperature controlled system as set forth in Claim 6, wherein controller means is responsive to the multiplicity of thermostat means for activating the air conditioning means on demand for cooling or heating.
8. The air quality-temperature controlled system as set forth in Claim 6, wherein the indoor air quality sensor is disposed to respond to return air from said multiplicity of comfort zones.
9 . The air quality-temperature controlled system as set forth in Claim 1, wherein the filtration means includes an activated carbon filter pack for the removal of pollutant gasses and fine particulate matter absorbed therein from the supply air recirculated through the secondary duct.
10. The air quality-temperature controlled system as set forth in Claim 1, wherein controller means responsive to a demand, of the indoor air quality sensor modulates the secondary damper means toward open in excess of a normal pressure balance condition in the primary bypass duct, whereby the primary damper means modulates toward close so as to maintain constant supply air back pressure.
11. The air quality-temperature controlled system as set forth in Claim 1, wherein controller means having a mode sensing means responds to either a heating mode or a cooling mode demand of a zone thermostat to establish a normal pressure balance condition and having a demand signal modulating means responsive to the indoor air quality sensor means to modulate the secondary damper means toward open in excess of said normal pressure balance in the primary bypass duct, whereby the primary damper means modulates toward close so as to maintain constant supply air back pressure.
12. An air quality-temperature controlled central conditioning system having a return air inlet from and a supply air outlet to at least one comfort zone, and including in combination:
an air conditioning means receiving comfort zone air at the return air inlet and supplying tempered air pressured by blower means through the supply air outlet;
a damper module at the supply air outlet and modulated between closed and open positions to discharge air into the comfort zone in response to a temperature demand for said zone;
and an air bypass filtration module comprised of a unit having parallel bypass ducts extending from the supply air outlet to the return air inlet, one a primary duct with a primary bypass damper means modulated between closed and open positions in response to supply air outlet pressure, and one a secondary duct with a secondary bypass damper means modulated between closed and open positions in response to an indoor air quality sensor means exposed to air of the comfort zone, and air filtration means in the secondary duct to remove pollutant from the supply air recirculated to the return air inlet and through the air conditioning means.
an air conditioning means receiving comfort zone air at the return air inlet and supplying tempered air pressured by blower means through the supply air outlet;
a damper module at the supply air outlet and modulated between closed and open positions to discharge air into the comfort zone in response to a temperature demand for said zone;
and an air bypass filtration module comprised of a unit having parallel bypass ducts extending from the supply air outlet to the return air inlet, one a primary duct with a primary bypass damper means modulated between closed and open positions in response to supply air outlet pressure, and one a secondary duct with a secondary bypass damper means modulated between closed and open positions in response to an indoor air quality sensor means exposed to air of the comfort zone, and air filtration means in the secondary duct to remove pollutant from the supply air recirculated to the return air inlet and through the air conditioning means.
13. The air quality-temperature controlled system as set forth in Claim 12, wherein the air conditioning means heats or cools the return air in response to thermostat means in the comfort zone.
14. The air quality-temperature controlled system as set forth in Claim 12, wherein modulation of the said damper module toward a closed position increases pressure at the supply air outlet, there being a pressure sensor means responsive to air pressure at said outlet for modulating the primary bypass damper means toward an open position for run-around of supply air to the supply air inlet commensurate with increased pressure at said supply air outlet.
15. The air quality-temperature controlled system as set forth in Claim 12, there being an indoor air quality sensor means responsive to the degree of comfort zone air quality deterioration and for modulating the secondary damper means toward an open position for run-around of supply air to the supply air inlet commensurate to said degree of deterioration.
16. The air quality-temperature controlled system as set forth in Claim 12, wherein modulation of the said damper module toward a closed position increases pressure at the supply air outlet, there being a pressure sensor means responsive to air pressure at said outlet for idependently modulating the primary bypass damper means toward an open position for run-around of supply air to the supply air inlet commensurate with increased pressure at said supply air outlet, and there being an indoor air quality sensor means responsive to the degree of comfort zone air quality deterioration and for independently modulating the secondary damper means toward an open position for run-around of supply air to the supply air inlet commensurate to said degree of deterioration.
17. The air quality-temperature controlled system as set forth in Claim 14, wherein there is a supply air duct from said supply air outlet, and wherein there is a multiplicity of comfort zones and each with at least one of said damper modules responsive to thermostat means.
18. The air quality-temperature controlled system as set forth in Claim 17, wherein controller means is responsive to the multiplicity of thermostat means for activating the air conditioning means on demand for cooling or heating.
19. The air quality-temperature controlled system as set forth Claim 17, wherein the indoor air quality sensor is disposed to respond to return air from said multiplicity of comfort zones.
20. The air quality-temperature controlled system as set forth in Claim 12, wherein the filtration means includes an activated carbon filter pack for the removal of pollutant gasses and fine particulate matter therein from the supply air recirculated through the secondary duct.
21. The air quality-temperature controlled system as set forth in Claim 12, wherein controller means responsive to a demand of the indoor air quality sensor modulates the secondary damper means toward open in excess of a normal pressure a balance condition in the primary bypass duct, whereby the primary damper means modulates toward close so as to maintain constant supply air back pressure.
22. The air quality-temperature controlled system as set forth in Claim 12, wherein controller means having a mode sensing means responds to either a heating mode or a cooling mode demand of a zone thermostat to establish a normal pressure balance condition and having a demand signal modulating means responsive to the indoor air quality sensor means to modulate the secondary damper means toward open in excess of said normal pressure balance in the primary bypass duct, whereby the primary damper means modulates toward close so as to maintain constant supply air back pressure.
23. A humidity-air quality-temperature controlled central conditioning system having a return air inlet from and a supply air outlet to at least one comfort zone, and including in combination:
an outside air preconditioner comprising ventilation air ducting means for adding to the supply air entering the comfort zone, there being desiccant disposed therein for co-absorbtion of gasses and moisture, and exhaust air ducting means and desiccant disposed therein for regeneration by heating means and blower means transporting said ventilation air and exhaust air through said respective ducting means;
an air conditioning means receiving comfort zone air through the return air inlet and supplying tempered air pressured by blower means through the supply air outlet;
a damper module in the supply air inlet and modulated between closed and opened positions into the comfort zone in response to a temperature demand controller means for said at least one comfort zone;
parallel bypass ducts from the supply air outlet to the return air inlet, one a primary duct with a primary bypass damper means modulated between closed and opened positions in response to demand by a pressure: sensor in the supply air outlet, and one a secondary inlet with a secondary bypass damper means modulated between closed and opened positions in response to an indoor air quality sensor means exposed to air of said at least one comfort zone;
and air filtration means in the secondary duct to remove pollutant from supply air outlet air recirculated to the return air inlet and through the air conditioning means.
an outside air preconditioner comprising ventilation air ducting means for adding to the supply air entering the comfort zone, there being desiccant disposed therein for co-absorbtion of gasses and moisture, and exhaust air ducting means and desiccant disposed therein for regeneration by heating means and blower means transporting said ventilation air and exhaust air through said respective ducting means;
an air conditioning means receiving comfort zone air through the return air inlet and supplying tempered air pressured by blower means through the supply air outlet;
a damper module in the supply air inlet and modulated between closed and opened positions into the comfort zone in response to a temperature demand controller means for said at least one comfort zone;
parallel bypass ducts from the supply air outlet to the return air inlet, one a primary duct with a primary bypass damper means modulated between closed and opened positions in response to demand by a pressure: sensor in the supply air outlet, and one a secondary inlet with a secondary bypass damper means modulated between closed and opened positions in response to an indoor air quality sensor means exposed to air of said at least one comfort zone;
and air filtration means in the secondary duct to remove pollutant from supply air outlet air recirculated to the return air inlet and through the air conditioning means.
24. The humidity-air quality-temperature controlled system as set forth in Claim 23, wherein the outside air preconditioner adds either humidified or dehumidified air directly into the at least one comfort zone, there being a relief damper means opening from the at least one comfort zone for eliminating back pressure therein.
25. The humidity-air quality-temperature controlled system as set forth in Claim 23, wherein the outside air preconditioner adds either humidified or dehumidified air directly into the return air inlet of the air conditioning means, thee being relief damper means opening from the at least one comfort zone for eliminating back pressure therein.
26. The humidity-air quality-temperature controlled system as set forth in Claim 25, wherein outside air to the return air inlet of the air conditioner means in maximized by a blower means in parallel with the preconditioner and discharging into said return air inlet of the air conditioning means.
27. The humidity-air quality-temperature controlled system as set forth in Claim 24, wherein the ventilation air ducting means and exhaust air ducting means of the outside air preconditioning means include variable volume fan means modulated to increase minimum outside air into the comfort zone.
28. The humidity-air quality-temperature controlled system as set forth in Claim 25, wherein the ventilation air ducting means and exhaust air ducting means of the outside air preconditioning means include variable volume fan means modulated to increase minimum outside air into the return air inlet of the air conditioning means.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002181152A CA2181152C (en) | 1994-01-14 | 1994-01-14 | Air quality-temperature controlled central conditioner and multi-zoned conditioning |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002181152A CA2181152C (en) | 1994-01-14 | 1994-01-14 | Air quality-temperature controlled central conditioner and multi-zoned conditioning |
| PCT/US1994/000505 WO1995019534A1 (en) | 1992-10-30 | 1994-01-14 | Air quality-temperature controlled central conditioner and multi-zoned conditioning |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2181152A1 CA2181152A1 (en) | 1995-07-20 |
| CA2181152C true CA2181152C (en) | 2003-09-16 |
Family
ID=4158609
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002181152A Expired - Fee Related CA2181152C (en) | 1994-01-14 | 1994-01-14 | Air quality-temperature controlled central conditioner and multi-zoned conditioning |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2181152C (en) |
-
1994
- 1994-01-14 CA CA002181152A patent/CA2181152C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2181152A1 (en) | 1995-07-20 |
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