CA1336673C - Gas-liquid contacting apparatus - Google Patents
Gas-liquid contacting apparatusInfo
- Publication number
- CA1336673C CA1336673C CA 600890 CA600890A CA1336673C CA 1336673 C CA1336673 C CA 1336673C CA 600890 CA600890 CA 600890 CA 600890 A CA600890 A CA 600890A CA 1336673 C CA1336673 C CA 1336673C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- tray
- liquid
- gas
- frothing
- trays
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
- B01D3/14—Fractional distillation or use of a fractionation or rectification column
- B01D3/16—Fractionating columns in which vapour bubbles through liquid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/18—Absorbing units; Liquid distributors therefor
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
Abstract
A gas-liquid contacting apparatus comprises an upwardly extending casing having a number of frothing trays extending across the casing interior at different levels, and perforated, packing trays partitioning the spaces between the frothing trays into an upper packing section, containing gas-liquid contacting packings, and a lower frothing section. The gas-liquid contacting apparatus is relatively inexpensive but has good gas-liquid contacting, throughput and efficiency.
Description
-1- 1 33667~
1 This invention relates to a gas-liquid contacting apparatus.
There are two types of gas-liquid contacting apparatus for use, for example, in distillation and absorption, and these are:
i) sieve or perforated trays which offer low efficiency and low cost, and ii) random or ordered packed beds which are more efficient but which are also more expensive.
10- Sieve trays and packings are used extensively in gas-liquid contact applications such as distillation. In general, sieve trays are considered less efficient than the packings. This is in part due to the fact that there is a large space above the froth on the sieve tray that is not activé for mass transfer.
If we consider a typical froth height of 150 mm and a tray efficiency of 60%, then the height equivalent to a theoretical plate (HETP) would be 250 mm, a value close to that for the high performance structured packing.
However, the vapor-liquid disengagement space above the froth is necessary for maintaining hydraulic stability of the tower. This space is about 2-3 times the froth height and as a result the HETP for a sieve tray is about 700 mm. This HETP is similar to that for a low efficiency random packing but considerably higher than that for a structured or ordered packing.
There is a need for a gas-liquid contacting -2- l 336673 1 apparatus which makes use of sieve or frothing trays and yet has high mass transfer rates and high gas-liquid throughput.
According to the present invention there is provided a gas-liquid contacting apparatus, comprising:
a) an upwardly extending casing forming a flow path for the flow of liquid downwardly therethrough and flow of gas upwardly therethrough, .: b) a series of frothing trays extending across and partitioning the flow path in the casing at different levels, each tray being perforated for distributing liquid thereacross which has been frothed by upwardly flowing gas therethrough, c) for each pair of frothing trays, a perforated, packing tray partitioning the portion of the flow path of the casing therebetween to provide a flow path packing section immediately beneath one of the frothing trays, and a flow path frothing section immediately above the lower one of those frothing trays, and d) gas-liquid distributing packings in the packing section.
In some embodiments of the present invention an uppermost packing section is provided in the casing above the level of the uppermost frothing section, and gas-liquid distributing packings are provided in the uppermost packing section.
Each frothing tray may comprise a plurality of ~3~ 1 336673 1 spaced portions spanning the width of the interior of the casing, with the portions of one frothing tray traversing the portions of adjacent trays, for each space, between two portions of a frothing tray, a downcomer may be provided leading therefrom, each downcomer having perforated side walls and an impermeable lower wall, each packing tray then comprises a plurality of perforated, packing tray portions each closing a packing section beneath a frothing tray portion which is bounded by at least one downcomer, perforated side wall, and the gas-liquid distributing packings are then in each packing section beneath each frothing tray portion.
In some embodiments of the present invention, fluid permeable, gas distributing means are provided for each frothing tray, each fluid permeable, gas distributing means being adjacent the top side of the tray associated therewith for, in operation, breaking up any bubbles forming on the pores of that frothing tray.
Each fluid permeable, gas distributing means may be fibrous or filamentary material in open mat, felt or woven form.
Each fluid permeable, gas distributing means may be an open mesh.
In the accompanying drawings which illustrate, by way of example, embodiments of the present invention, -4- l 336673 1 Figure l is a diagrammatic, sectional side view of a gas-liquid contacting apparatus, Figure 2 is a diagrammatic, sectional side view along II-II, Figure 3 of a portion of a different S gas-liquid contacting apparatus to that shown in Figure 1, and Figure 3 is a diagrammatic, sectional plan view along III-III, Figure 2.
Referring now to Figure 1 there is shown a gas-liquid contacting apparatus, generally designated 1, comprising, a) an upwardly extending cylindrical casing 2 forming a flow path 4 for the flow of liquid downwardly therethrough and flow of gas upwardly therethrough, b) a series of frothing trays 6 to 8 extending across and partitioning the flow path 4 in the casing 2 at different levels, each tray 6 to 8 being perforated for distributing liquid thereacross which has been frothed, to form froths 10 to 12 respectively, by upwardly flowing gas therethrough, c) for each pair of frothing trays 6, 7 or 7, 8, a perforated packing tray, 14 and 16 respectively, partitioning the portion of the flow path of the casing 2 therebetween to provide a flow path packing section, 18 and 20 respectively, immediately beneath the upper one, 7 and 8 respectively, of the frothing trays, and a flow path frothing section, 22 and 24 respectively, - _5_ . 1 336673 1 immediately above the lower one, 6 and 7 respectively, of those frothing trays, and d) gas-liquid distributing packings 26 and 28 in the packing sections 18 and 20 respectively.
The upwardly extending casing 2 has a gas inlet 30, a gas outlet 32, a liquid inlet pipe 34 feeding liquid spray nozzles 36 and a liquid outlet 38.
The packings 26 and 28 may be random packings or may be structured to form an ordered bed.
In this embodiment, a further, perforated, packing tray 40 is provided supporting a packed bed 42 in a packing section 44 beneath the liquid spray nozzles 36, and providing a frothing section 46 above the frothing tray 8.
In operation, gas is fed into the casing 2 through the inlet 30 while liquid is fed along the pipe 36 to the nozzles 36. The liquid is sprayed on to the packings 42 to trickle downwardly therethrough in a well distributed manner and emerge therefrom as droplets 48 which fall on to the frothing tray 8. The droplets 48 falling on to the frothing tray 8 form a liquid level thereon some of which is frothed, to form froth 12, by the gas passing upwardly through the casing 2 from the inlet 30. Some of the liquid on the frothing tray 8 escapes through the perforations to form droplets well distributed over the packings 28.
The droplets trickle downwardly through the ~ -6- 1 336673 , 1 packings 28 and emerge as droplets 50 which fall on to the frothing tray 7 to form a liquid level thereon some of which is frothed, to form froth 11, by the gas passing upwardly through the casing 2. Some of the liquid on the frothing tray 7 escapes through the perforations to form droplets 52 which trickle downwardly through the packings 26 to fall as droplets on the frothing tray 6 where a liquid level is formed and froth 10 is made by upwardly flowing gas. Liquid escaping through the perforations in the frothing tray 6 forms droplets 54 which collect as liquid 56 which forms a liquid, draining seal.
It will be seen that gas passing upwardly through the casing 2 is brought into intimate contact with liquid passing downwardly therethrough because:
i) the usually inactive space above a frothing tray is used as a gas-liquid contacting section by partitioning the casing 2 above each tray to form an upper, packing containing section and a lower frothing section, ii) the packings provide good distribution of the droplets falling gently through the frothing sections on to the frothing trays, and iii) the frothing trays provide good distribution of the droplets falling through their perforations on to the packings.
The result is that in a gas-liquid transfer ~ . .
.. ~
~ -7- l 336673 l operation such as methanol-water distillation, the apparatus according to the present invention can achieve a combined efficiency for the frothing trays and packings of, say, 135% compared with an efficiency of, say, 65% for a low cost, conventional apparatus containing only frothing trays where only a low throughput is possible.
Furthermore, the efficiency and/or throughput of an apparatus according to the present invention has been found to compare favorably with the more expensive apparatus containing only packed beds.
Also, when the gas flow is high, the packings have been found to serve as de-entrainment sections thus further improving the gas-liquid contact.
The provision of the extra packings 42 enhance the distribution of the sprayed liquid from the nozzle in addition to providing additional gas-liquid contact.
Tests to verify the present invention were carried out in a 6 inch diameter column for the distillation of methanol-water mixtures. A dual-flow tray was used with 318 mm tray packing, 7 mm hole diameter and 20% hole area combined with a 100 mm high structured packing supplied by Glitsch, Inc. under the trademark Gempack-350. The results indicated (l) a tray efficiency of ~ 120-140% for an F-factor of 0.8 -1.6 kg~.s~l.m~~ and (2) a maximum operable F-factor = 1.8. This compares with an efficiency of l 60% and maximum F-factor of 1.4 for a sieve or frothing tray with similar tray spacing.
Tests have shown that the packing sections need only be short, say 200mm, and so wall effects are insignificant.
The gas may be in the form of a vapour.
The frothing trays 6 to 8 may be provided with more perforations per unit area adjacent the casing 2 than at the center area of the trays 6 to 8 to provide better distribution of liquid over the packings 26 and 28.
The apparatus according to the present invention can be used in any distillation or absorption processes. The packings may be random packings, e.g., rings, spheres or saddles or structured or ordered bed packings, e.g. corrugated, rolled, screens or plates.
The apparatus according to the present invention can be in the form of a new apparatus or a modified existing apparatus.
The combination of low cost and high efficiency of an apparatus according to the present invention can result in substantial savings in, for example, the chemical, petroleum and paper industries.
Any known countercurrent tray arrangement, such as, for example, dual-flow trays, and multiple downcomer trays may be used.
Referring now to Figures 2 and 3, there is shown a multiple downcomer apparatus.
1 In Figures 2 and 3 there i8 shown a portion of a casing 58 containing two frothing trays generally designated 60 and 62. Each tray is divided into four spaced portions spanning the width of the interior of the casing, that is portions 64 to 67 of tray 60, and portions 68 to 71 of tray 62. The portions 64 to 67 traverse the portions 68 to 71 and any portions of any further trays that are provided will primarily traverse the portions of any ad~acent trays.
The spaces between the tray portions, such as space 72 between tray portions 70 and 71, form drainage openings bounded by upstanding weirs 74 and 76 on the tray portions 70 and 71 The drainage openings, such as that formed by space 72 lead to spaced, parallel downcomers each having perforated side walls such as side walls 78 and 80, and an impermeable lower end wall, such as end wall 82.
The spaces beneath the frothing tray portions such as tray portion 71, and bounded by the perforated side walls, such as side wall 78, are packing sections and are each closed at the lower end by a perforated packing tray portion, such as packing tray portion 84, and are filled with packings, such as packings 86.
In operation, gas is passed upwardly through the casing 58 while liquid is sprayed into the upper end (not shown) of the casing 58 and gravitates downwardly therethrough.
- -lo- 1 336673 1 Some of the liquid descending on to, say, the tray portions 68 to 71 is foamed by gas passing upwardly through, say, the packings 86, so that foam will overflow the weirs, such as weirs 74 and 76 and flow down the downcomers and through the perforated side walls, such as those designated 78 and 80. The remainder of the liquid descending on to, say, the tray portions 68 to 71 is distributed downwardly over, say, the packings 86.
Liquid entering, say, the packings 86 trickles downwardly to exit through the perforated plate 84 and fall onto the tray portions 64 to 67 where the same sequence of operations is repeated.
In different embodiments of the present invention, fluid permeable, gas dis~ributing means 88 to 90, Figure 1, are provided for each frothing tray 6 to 8 respectively. Each fluid permeable, gas distributing means 88 to 90 being adjacent the top side of the tray, 6 to 8 respectively, associated therewith, for, in operation, breaking up any bubbles (not shown) forming on the pores (not shown) of that frothing tray 6 to 8.
The fluid permeable, gas distributing means 88 to 90 may be fibrous or filamentary material in open mat, felt or woven form.
The fluid permeable, gas distributing means may be an open mesh.
1 The fluid permeable, gas distributing means 88 to 90 achieve a more uniform froth formation on the trays 6 to 8.
The fluid permeable, gas distributing means 88 to 90 also assure a more uniform static head of liquid on the frothing trays 6 to 8 and a more uniform distribution of liquid across them. This gives a more uniform distribution of liquid gravitating downwardly through the trays 6 to 8.
1 This invention relates to a gas-liquid contacting apparatus.
There are two types of gas-liquid contacting apparatus for use, for example, in distillation and absorption, and these are:
i) sieve or perforated trays which offer low efficiency and low cost, and ii) random or ordered packed beds which are more efficient but which are also more expensive.
10- Sieve trays and packings are used extensively in gas-liquid contact applications such as distillation. In general, sieve trays are considered less efficient than the packings. This is in part due to the fact that there is a large space above the froth on the sieve tray that is not activé for mass transfer.
If we consider a typical froth height of 150 mm and a tray efficiency of 60%, then the height equivalent to a theoretical plate (HETP) would be 250 mm, a value close to that for the high performance structured packing.
However, the vapor-liquid disengagement space above the froth is necessary for maintaining hydraulic stability of the tower. This space is about 2-3 times the froth height and as a result the HETP for a sieve tray is about 700 mm. This HETP is similar to that for a low efficiency random packing but considerably higher than that for a structured or ordered packing.
There is a need for a gas-liquid contacting -2- l 336673 1 apparatus which makes use of sieve or frothing trays and yet has high mass transfer rates and high gas-liquid throughput.
According to the present invention there is provided a gas-liquid contacting apparatus, comprising:
a) an upwardly extending casing forming a flow path for the flow of liquid downwardly therethrough and flow of gas upwardly therethrough, .: b) a series of frothing trays extending across and partitioning the flow path in the casing at different levels, each tray being perforated for distributing liquid thereacross which has been frothed by upwardly flowing gas therethrough, c) for each pair of frothing trays, a perforated, packing tray partitioning the portion of the flow path of the casing therebetween to provide a flow path packing section immediately beneath one of the frothing trays, and a flow path frothing section immediately above the lower one of those frothing trays, and d) gas-liquid distributing packings in the packing section.
In some embodiments of the present invention an uppermost packing section is provided in the casing above the level of the uppermost frothing section, and gas-liquid distributing packings are provided in the uppermost packing section.
Each frothing tray may comprise a plurality of ~3~ 1 336673 1 spaced portions spanning the width of the interior of the casing, with the portions of one frothing tray traversing the portions of adjacent trays, for each space, between two portions of a frothing tray, a downcomer may be provided leading therefrom, each downcomer having perforated side walls and an impermeable lower wall, each packing tray then comprises a plurality of perforated, packing tray portions each closing a packing section beneath a frothing tray portion which is bounded by at least one downcomer, perforated side wall, and the gas-liquid distributing packings are then in each packing section beneath each frothing tray portion.
In some embodiments of the present invention, fluid permeable, gas distributing means are provided for each frothing tray, each fluid permeable, gas distributing means being adjacent the top side of the tray associated therewith for, in operation, breaking up any bubbles forming on the pores of that frothing tray.
Each fluid permeable, gas distributing means may be fibrous or filamentary material in open mat, felt or woven form.
Each fluid permeable, gas distributing means may be an open mesh.
In the accompanying drawings which illustrate, by way of example, embodiments of the present invention, -4- l 336673 1 Figure l is a diagrammatic, sectional side view of a gas-liquid contacting apparatus, Figure 2 is a diagrammatic, sectional side view along II-II, Figure 3 of a portion of a different S gas-liquid contacting apparatus to that shown in Figure 1, and Figure 3 is a diagrammatic, sectional plan view along III-III, Figure 2.
Referring now to Figure 1 there is shown a gas-liquid contacting apparatus, generally designated 1, comprising, a) an upwardly extending cylindrical casing 2 forming a flow path 4 for the flow of liquid downwardly therethrough and flow of gas upwardly therethrough, b) a series of frothing trays 6 to 8 extending across and partitioning the flow path 4 in the casing 2 at different levels, each tray 6 to 8 being perforated for distributing liquid thereacross which has been frothed, to form froths 10 to 12 respectively, by upwardly flowing gas therethrough, c) for each pair of frothing trays 6, 7 or 7, 8, a perforated packing tray, 14 and 16 respectively, partitioning the portion of the flow path of the casing 2 therebetween to provide a flow path packing section, 18 and 20 respectively, immediately beneath the upper one, 7 and 8 respectively, of the frothing trays, and a flow path frothing section, 22 and 24 respectively, - _5_ . 1 336673 1 immediately above the lower one, 6 and 7 respectively, of those frothing trays, and d) gas-liquid distributing packings 26 and 28 in the packing sections 18 and 20 respectively.
The upwardly extending casing 2 has a gas inlet 30, a gas outlet 32, a liquid inlet pipe 34 feeding liquid spray nozzles 36 and a liquid outlet 38.
The packings 26 and 28 may be random packings or may be structured to form an ordered bed.
In this embodiment, a further, perforated, packing tray 40 is provided supporting a packed bed 42 in a packing section 44 beneath the liquid spray nozzles 36, and providing a frothing section 46 above the frothing tray 8.
In operation, gas is fed into the casing 2 through the inlet 30 while liquid is fed along the pipe 36 to the nozzles 36. The liquid is sprayed on to the packings 42 to trickle downwardly therethrough in a well distributed manner and emerge therefrom as droplets 48 which fall on to the frothing tray 8. The droplets 48 falling on to the frothing tray 8 form a liquid level thereon some of which is frothed, to form froth 12, by the gas passing upwardly through the casing 2 from the inlet 30. Some of the liquid on the frothing tray 8 escapes through the perforations to form droplets well distributed over the packings 28.
The droplets trickle downwardly through the ~ -6- 1 336673 , 1 packings 28 and emerge as droplets 50 which fall on to the frothing tray 7 to form a liquid level thereon some of which is frothed, to form froth 11, by the gas passing upwardly through the casing 2. Some of the liquid on the frothing tray 7 escapes through the perforations to form droplets 52 which trickle downwardly through the packings 26 to fall as droplets on the frothing tray 6 where a liquid level is formed and froth 10 is made by upwardly flowing gas. Liquid escaping through the perforations in the frothing tray 6 forms droplets 54 which collect as liquid 56 which forms a liquid, draining seal.
It will be seen that gas passing upwardly through the casing 2 is brought into intimate contact with liquid passing downwardly therethrough because:
i) the usually inactive space above a frothing tray is used as a gas-liquid contacting section by partitioning the casing 2 above each tray to form an upper, packing containing section and a lower frothing section, ii) the packings provide good distribution of the droplets falling gently through the frothing sections on to the frothing trays, and iii) the frothing trays provide good distribution of the droplets falling through their perforations on to the packings.
The result is that in a gas-liquid transfer ~ . .
.. ~
~ -7- l 336673 l operation such as methanol-water distillation, the apparatus according to the present invention can achieve a combined efficiency for the frothing trays and packings of, say, 135% compared with an efficiency of, say, 65% for a low cost, conventional apparatus containing only frothing trays where only a low throughput is possible.
Furthermore, the efficiency and/or throughput of an apparatus according to the present invention has been found to compare favorably with the more expensive apparatus containing only packed beds.
Also, when the gas flow is high, the packings have been found to serve as de-entrainment sections thus further improving the gas-liquid contact.
The provision of the extra packings 42 enhance the distribution of the sprayed liquid from the nozzle in addition to providing additional gas-liquid contact.
Tests to verify the present invention were carried out in a 6 inch diameter column for the distillation of methanol-water mixtures. A dual-flow tray was used with 318 mm tray packing, 7 mm hole diameter and 20% hole area combined with a 100 mm high structured packing supplied by Glitsch, Inc. under the trademark Gempack-350. The results indicated (l) a tray efficiency of ~ 120-140% for an F-factor of 0.8 -1.6 kg~.s~l.m~~ and (2) a maximum operable F-factor = 1.8. This compares with an efficiency of l 60% and maximum F-factor of 1.4 for a sieve or frothing tray with similar tray spacing.
Tests have shown that the packing sections need only be short, say 200mm, and so wall effects are insignificant.
The gas may be in the form of a vapour.
The frothing trays 6 to 8 may be provided with more perforations per unit area adjacent the casing 2 than at the center area of the trays 6 to 8 to provide better distribution of liquid over the packings 26 and 28.
The apparatus according to the present invention can be used in any distillation or absorption processes. The packings may be random packings, e.g., rings, spheres or saddles or structured or ordered bed packings, e.g. corrugated, rolled, screens or plates.
The apparatus according to the present invention can be in the form of a new apparatus or a modified existing apparatus.
The combination of low cost and high efficiency of an apparatus according to the present invention can result in substantial savings in, for example, the chemical, petroleum and paper industries.
Any known countercurrent tray arrangement, such as, for example, dual-flow trays, and multiple downcomer trays may be used.
Referring now to Figures 2 and 3, there is shown a multiple downcomer apparatus.
1 In Figures 2 and 3 there i8 shown a portion of a casing 58 containing two frothing trays generally designated 60 and 62. Each tray is divided into four spaced portions spanning the width of the interior of the casing, that is portions 64 to 67 of tray 60, and portions 68 to 71 of tray 62. The portions 64 to 67 traverse the portions 68 to 71 and any portions of any further trays that are provided will primarily traverse the portions of any ad~acent trays.
The spaces between the tray portions, such as space 72 between tray portions 70 and 71, form drainage openings bounded by upstanding weirs 74 and 76 on the tray portions 70 and 71 The drainage openings, such as that formed by space 72 lead to spaced, parallel downcomers each having perforated side walls such as side walls 78 and 80, and an impermeable lower end wall, such as end wall 82.
The spaces beneath the frothing tray portions such as tray portion 71, and bounded by the perforated side walls, such as side wall 78, are packing sections and are each closed at the lower end by a perforated packing tray portion, such as packing tray portion 84, and are filled with packings, such as packings 86.
In operation, gas is passed upwardly through the casing 58 while liquid is sprayed into the upper end (not shown) of the casing 58 and gravitates downwardly therethrough.
- -lo- 1 336673 1 Some of the liquid descending on to, say, the tray portions 68 to 71 is foamed by gas passing upwardly through, say, the packings 86, so that foam will overflow the weirs, such as weirs 74 and 76 and flow down the downcomers and through the perforated side walls, such as those designated 78 and 80. The remainder of the liquid descending on to, say, the tray portions 68 to 71 is distributed downwardly over, say, the packings 86.
Liquid entering, say, the packings 86 trickles downwardly to exit through the perforated plate 84 and fall onto the tray portions 64 to 67 where the same sequence of operations is repeated.
In different embodiments of the present invention, fluid permeable, gas dis~ributing means 88 to 90, Figure 1, are provided for each frothing tray 6 to 8 respectively. Each fluid permeable, gas distributing means 88 to 90 being adjacent the top side of the tray, 6 to 8 respectively, associated therewith, for, in operation, breaking up any bubbles (not shown) forming on the pores (not shown) of that frothing tray 6 to 8.
The fluid permeable, gas distributing means 88 to 90 may be fibrous or filamentary material in open mat, felt or woven form.
The fluid permeable, gas distributing means may be an open mesh.
1 The fluid permeable, gas distributing means 88 to 90 achieve a more uniform froth formation on the trays 6 to 8.
The fluid permeable, gas distributing means 88 to 90 also assure a more uniform static head of liquid on the frothing trays 6 to 8 and a more uniform distribution of liquid across them. This gives a more uniform distribution of liquid gravitating downwardly through the trays 6 to 8.
Claims (7)
1. A gas-liquid contacting apparatus comprising:
(a) a fractionation tray comprising a perforated tray deck having upper and lower surfaces and at least one downcomer, with the tray having means for the passage of vapor through the tray deck:
(b) a bed of packing material approximately adjacent the lower surface of said tray deck; and, (c) means to distribute liquid descending through the tray over the bed of packing material.
(a) a fractionation tray comprising a perforated tray deck having upper and lower surfaces and at least one downcomer, with the tray having means for the passage of vapor through the tray deck:
(b) a bed of packing material approximately adjacent the lower surface of said tray deck; and, (c) means to distribute liquid descending through the tray over the bed of packing material.
2. The apparatus of Claim 1 wherein said means to distribute liquid over the bed of packing material comprises perforations in the tray deck.
3. A gas-liquid contacting apparatus comprising a plurality of the apparatus of Claim 1 spaced vertically apart at uniform distances within a cylindrical outer vessel.
4. A gas-liquid contacting apparatus comprising:
(a) a cylindrical outer vessel;
(b) a plurality of vertically spaced apart fractionation trays located within said outer vessel and adapted to retain a frothed layer of liquid on an upper planar surface of the trays;
(c) a plurality of beds of packing material with each bed of said plurality being (i) placed between a pair of said vertically spaced fractionation trays;
(ii) located approximately subadjacent a lower planar surface of an upper tray; and (iii) being equal in volume to less than one-half of the available volume in the outer vessel between the pair of trays; and, (d) means to distribute liquid collected on said upper tray onto said bed of packing material.
(a) a cylindrical outer vessel;
(b) a plurality of vertically spaced apart fractionation trays located within said outer vessel and adapted to retain a frothed layer of liquid on an upper planar surface of the trays;
(c) a plurality of beds of packing material with each bed of said plurality being (i) placed between a pair of said vertically spaced fractionation trays;
(ii) located approximately subadjacent a lower planar surface of an upper tray; and (iii) being equal in volume to less than one-half of the available volume in the outer vessel between the pair of trays; and, (d) means to distribute liquid collected on said upper tray onto said bed of packing material.
5. The apparatus of Claim 4 wherein said means to distribute liquid over the bed of packing material comprises perforations in the tray deck.
6. A gas-liquid contacting apparatus comprising:
(a) an upwardly extending casing having an upper end and a lower end and forming an enclosed flow path for the flow of liquid downwardly therethrough and a flow of gas upwardly therethrough;
(b) a series of frothing trays extending across and partitioning the flow path in the casing at different levels, each tray being perforated sufficiently to allow the downward flow of liquid through the deck portion thereof and for distributing descending liquid which has been frothed by gas flowing upwardly therethrough;
(c) for each pair of frothing trays, a perforated, packing tray partitioning the portion of the flow path of the casing therebetween to provide a flow path packing section immediately beneath one of the frothing trays, and a flow path frothing section immediately above the lower one of those frothing trays; and (d) gas-liquid contacting and distributing packing in the packing section.
(a) an upwardly extending casing having an upper end and a lower end and forming an enclosed flow path for the flow of liquid downwardly therethrough and a flow of gas upwardly therethrough;
(b) a series of frothing trays extending across and partitioning the flow path in the casing at different levels, each tray being perforated sufficiently to allow the downward flow of liquid through the deck portion thereof and for distributing descending liquid which has been frothed by gas flowing upwardly therethrough;
(c) for each pair of frothing trays, a perforated, packing tray partitioning the portion of the flow path of the casing therebetween to provide a flow path packing section immediately beneath one of the frothing trays, and a flow path frothing section immediately above the lower one of those frothing trays; and (d) gas-liquid contacting and distributing packing in the packing section.
7. An apparatus according to Claim 6, wherein an uppermost packing section is provided in the casing above the level of the uppermost frothing section, and gas-liquid distributing packings are provided in the uppermost packing section.
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 600890 CA1336673C (en) | 1989-05-26 | 1989-05-26 | Gas-liquid contacting apparatus |
| NL9001195A NL194198C (en) | 1989-05-26 | 1990-05-23 | Device for contacting gas and liquid. |
| GB9011478A GB2232365B (en) | 1989-05-26 | 1990-05-23 | A gas-liquid contacting apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 600890 CA1336673C (en) | 1989-05-26 | 1989-05-26 | Gas-liquid contacting apparatus |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1336673C true CA1336673C (en) | 1995-08-15 |
Family
ID=4140112
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 600890 Expired - Fee Related CA1336673C (en) | 1989-05-26 | 1989-05-26 | Gas-liquid contacting apparatus |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1336673C (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2232365B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL194198C (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5447609A (en) * | 1990-02-06 | 1995-09-05 | Koch Engineering Company, Inc. | Catalytic reaction and mass transfer process |
| US5244604A (en) * | 1992-04-02 | 1993-09-14 | Uop | Packing-enhanced baffled downcomer fractionation tray |
| US5407605A (en) * | 1993-12-16 | 1995-04-18 | Uop | Fractionation tray with side discharging triangular downcomers |
| SE526647C2 (en) * | 2004-02-20 | 2005-10-18 | Goetaverken Miljoe Ab | Scrubber for purification of gases in several stages |
| CN111271984B (en) * | 2020-03-05 | 2024-07-23 | 天津商业大学 | Visual gas-liquid direct contact condenser |
| CN118543234A (en) * | 2024-06-20 | 2024-08-27 | 中国矿业大学 | Atomization-foaming-filling integrated flue gas CO2Trapping system |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB233878A (en) * | 1900-01-01 | |||
| US3048957A (en) * | 1958-09-04 | 1962-08-14 | Foster Wheeler Corp | Apparatus for effecting counter-current contact between liquid and vapor streams |
| US3499264A (en) * | 1968-06-12 | 1970-03-10 | Nat Dust Collector Corp | Method and apparatus for controlling fume and dust emissions from cupola furnaces and the like |
| GB1488606A (en) * | 1976-01-27 | 1977-10-12 | Btr Industries Ltd | Method and apparatus for the removal of a constituent from a gas |
| US4282832A (en) * | 1980-02-21 | 1981-08-11 | United Technologies Corporation | Process for vaporizing a liquid hydrocarbon fuel |
| SE434468B (en) * | 1982-05-10 | 1984-07-30 | Flaekt Ab | ABSORPTION TOWER FOR GAS WASHING |
-
1989
- 1989-05-26 CA CA 600890 patent/CA1336673C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1990
- 1990-05-23 GB GB9011478A patent/GB2232365B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-05-23 NL NL9001195A patent/NL194198C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL9001195A (en) | 1990-12-17 |
| GB9011478D0 (en) | 1990-07-11 |
| GB2232365B (en) | 1993-11-03 |
| NL194198C (en) | 2001-09-04 |
| NL194198B (en) | 2001-05-01 |
| GB2232365A (en) | 1990-12-12 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US5262094A (en) | Fractionation tray having packing immediately below tray deck | |
| US5407605A (en) | Fractionation tray with side discharging triangular downcomers | |
| US5366666A (en) | Multiple downcomer fractionation tray having packing between downcomers | |
| US5547617A (en) | Apparatus for increasing effective active area | |
| JP4557490B2 (en) | Efficiency enhanced fractionation tray and process | |
| US5098615A (en) | Multiple-downcomer contacting tray with fluid directing baffles | |
| US7052000B2 (en) | Liquid distributor and method for operating the same | |
| US5702647A (en) | Multiple downcomer high performance tray assembly | |
| US5318732A (en) | Capacity-enhanced multiple downcomer fractionation trays | |
| TW384235B (en) | The deentrainment assembly and the method a chemical process | |
| US5975504A (en) | Closely-spaced high capacity fractionation trays | |
| JPH06205967A (en) | Gas-liquid contact apparatus | |
| US5707563A (en) | V-module fractionation tray | |
| US5387377A (en) | Active liquid distributor containing packed column | |
| US6293528B1 (en) | Fractionation apparatus with low surface area grid above tray deck | |
| CA1336673C (en) | Gas-liquid contacting apparatus | |
| US2143015A (en) | Packing material for fractionating and scrubbing towers | |
| US6746003B2 (en) | Gas-liquid contacting apparatus | |
| EP0381388A2 (en) | Gas-Liquid contacting tray | |
| EP0092614B1 (en) | Vapour-liquid contacting apparatus | |
| CA2146704C (en) | Gas-liquid contacting tray with side discharging triangular downcomers | |
| CA2101276A1 (en) | Active liquid distributor containing packed column | |
| AU717982B2 (en) | Apparatus for increasing effective active area | |
| CA2353183A1 (en) | Fractionation apparatus with low surface area grid above tray deck | |
| MXPA01007408A (en) | Rubbing apparatus with low surface net above the trays support. |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKLA | Lapsed |