CA1324306C - Storage-stabilized washing agent with boosted bleach action - Google Patents
Storage-stabilized washing agent with boosted bleach actionInfo
- Publication number
- CA1324306C CA1324306C CA000594859A CA594859A CA1324306C CA 1324306 C CA1324306 C CA 1324306C CA 000594859 A CA000594859 A CA 000594859A CA 594859 A CA594859 A CA 594859A CA 1324306 C CA1324306 C CA 1324306C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- washing agent
- storage
- stabilized
- bleach
- washing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/395—Bleaching agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/39—Organic or inorganic per-compounds
- C11D3/3902—Organic or inorganic per-compounds combined with specific additives
- C11D3/3937—Stabilising agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/12—Water-insoluble compounds
- C11D3/124—Silicon containing, e.g. silica, silex, quartz or glass beads
- C11D3/1246—Silicates, e.g. diatomaceous earth
- C11D3/1253—Layer silicates, e.g. talcum, kaolin, clay, bentonite, smectite, montmorillonite, hectorite or attapulgite
- C11D3/1273—Crystalline layered silicates of type NaMeSixO2x+1YH2O
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
Storage-stabilized washing agent with boosted bleach action Abstract of the disclosure:
The invention relates to storage-stabilized washing agents with a boosted bleach action, containing 2 to 20% by weight of detergents and conventional washing auxiliaries, including fillers, the washing agent con-taining 10 to 50% by weight of a crystalline layered silicate as a builder and a bleach, the quantity of bleach being such that 0.5 to 4% by weight of washing-active oxygen (AVOX) is present in the washing agent.
The invention relates to storage-stabilized washing agents with a boosted bleach action, containing 2 to 20% by weight of detergents and conventional washing auxiliaries, including fillers, the washing agent con-taining 10 to 50% by weight of a crystalline layered silicate as a builder and a bleach, the quantity of bleach being such that 0.5 to 4% by weight of washing-active oxygen (AVOX) is present in the washing agent.
Description
~32~
~o~ 881~b~
The present invention relates to a storage-stabilized washing agent with a boosted bleach action, in particular a domestic washing agent for heavy laundry, white laundry and colored laundry~ contalning 2 to 20~
by weight of detergents and conventional washing auxiliaries, including fillers, as is used in washing machines.
Due to the increasingly wide use of domestic washing machines, the washing agent must be adapted to the changed washing conditions.
15 .
Modern washing agent3 are therefore composed of a com-bination of detergents as the washing-active sub-stances, bleaches and additives which boost the washing power, the so-called builders which, on the one hand, eliminate the hardnes~ of the washing liquor and, on the other hand, prevent depositions of inorganic salts on the material being washed and thereby ensure a ~soft handle" of the washed material after the washing process.
Polymeric phosphate~, in particular sodium tripolyphos-phate, are regarded as excellent builders. Because of the danger of eutrophication of rivers and lak2s by the - 2 - ~ 32~
phosphate content in domestic effluents, the use of zeolites a~ a builder has been proposed.
It has been found that the use of zeolites as a builder ha~ the disadvantages that the washed material lo~es the desired "soft handle" in tha course of a plurality of washing steps. A further point is that, during the storage tLme between the production and the consu~ption of the washing agent, the washing agent lose~ part of its washing power by decomposition of the bleach.
It has therefore been proposed in US-A-4,728,443 to add to the washing agent an additional 1 to 20% by weight of a crystalline layered ~ilicate or alkali metal ~
cate. In this way, it was possible to achieve a "soft handle" of the washed material even if zeolites were used as the builders; however, the ~torage stability of the washing agent was not affected thereby.
It is the ob~ect of the invention to provide a washing agent which has an improved storage stability and a boosted bleach action, and maintains the ~'~oft handlel' in the washed material.
Surpri3ingly, it has baen found that a storage-stabilized washing agent with a boosted bleach action is obtained when it contains 10 to 50% by weight, in particular 20 to 35% by weight, of a crystalline _ 3 _ 1 3 2 ~
layered silicate as the builder and a bleach, the quantity of bleach being such that 0.5 to 4% by weight, in particular 1.0 to 2.5% by weight, of washing-active oxygen (AVOX) is present in the washing agent.
A crystalline layered silicate of the general formula NaMsi2os where M = Na or H, has proved particularly suitable.
Very particularly good result~ are obtained when the crystalline layered silicate corre~ponds to the ~-modi-fication of Na2Si2O5.
Further preferred and selective features of the washing ~ agent according to the invention can be that 1 a) the crystalline layered ~ilicate haq a particle ; diameter from 0.01 to 1,000 ~m, in particular from 1 to 20 ~m, b) the crystalline layered ~ilicate ha~ an ion exchange capacity from 400 to 1,200 mmol of Na+/100 g of dry matter, c) the bleach is sodium perborate tetrahydrate, sodium perborate monohydrate and/or sodium percar bonate, ~L 3 2 ~ 3 d) it contains inorganic and/or organic phosphates, borates-, citrates, gluconates~ nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) and/or iminodiacetates a addi~ional builders in quantities of up to 20% by weight, e) it is composed of agglomerate particles having a particle size in the range from 0.25 to 2.5 mm and was obtained by a spray-mist mixing proce s, f~ it contain~, as the detergent, alkali matal salts of alkylbenzene~ulfonates, higher alkylsulfonates and/or higher fatty alcohol polyethoxylate-~ul-fate~, in particular with alkyl radicals having 10 to 18 carbon atoms on average in the alkyl group, and g) it contains carboxymethylcellulose, carboxymethyl starch and~or methylcellulo~e in quantities of up to 10~ by weight as a washing auxiliary.
, The crystalline layered cilicates used in the production of the washing agent according to the invention can be prepared according to US-A-4,664,839.
Even though all the crystalline layered silicates listed in US-A-4,664,839 can bs employed in the washing agent according to the invention, it ha~ been found that ~-Na2Si2O5 is to ba preferred if a boosted bleach - 5 _ 1 ~ 2 ~ u ~ ~
action during the washing process is important.
The washing-active oxygen (AVOX) of the bleach and of the washing agent was determined in accordance with the instructions by Dr. E. Heinerth, Tenside 2 (1965) 180.
The sodium perborate tetrahydrate (NaB03 x 4H20) investigated had an AVOX number of 10% by weight;
sodium perborate monohydrate (NaB03 x H20) had an AVOX
number of 15% by weight and odium percarbonate (2Na2CO3 x 3H202) had an AVOX number of 13.5% by weight.
The washing power (bleach action) of the washing agent was determined as the whiteness of the test fabrics (WFR polye~ter/cotton ~oiled by tea, order code 20 G) according to DIN 44983.
The washing power (bleach action) of the washing liquor was determined by the difference method which follow~
from equation I
' ~ WR = % WGg - ~ WGb where: % W~ = ~ washing power (bleach action) % WGg = ~ whiteness of the washing material % WGb = % whiteness of the unwashed material.
The storage te~ts wsre carried out under the following forced te~t conditions:
Ths wa~hing agent to be investigated was stored in a - 6 - ~32~
condition cabinet at a relative atmospheric humidity of 70% at a temperature of 37C. During the test, the washing agent was packed in a waxed carton. The water vapor permeability of the pac~aging wa 0.4 g~m2 x h.
The tested washing agent formulations are listed in Table 1.
The degradation values of the bleach as a function of the time after the forced storage test conditions are compiled in Table 2. In addition, 2 commercially avail-able washing agents based on zeolite and sodium tri-polyphosphate were included in Table 2. The degradation of bleach, in particular that of sodium percarbonate, is very high in the preqence of zeolite.
Washing results:
The washing agent formulations 2 and 4 were tested in accordance with DIN 44983 and calculated acccrding to equation I. The washing power (bleach action) of washing agsnt 2 was 30.0%, and that of washing agent 4 according to the invention was 36.5%.
The asse~sment of handle by a panel of experts gave a markedly "softer handlel~ of the washed material, which had besn washed with the washing agent 4 according to the invention, as compared with the washed material which had baen washed with the zeolite-containing _ 7 _ washing agent 2.
- 8 - ~ ~2~
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~r j ~ . n ~ n ., I .
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c ~n ~. u~ ~ ~ O
C ~ I
., . r~ ~ ~ In ~ c~J ~ C c Q t~J '~ O
C~l I
~o~ 881~b~
The present invention relates to a storage-stabilized washing agent with a boosted bleach action, in particular a domestic washing agent for heavy laundry, white laundry and colored laundry~ contalning 2 to 20~
by weight of detergents and conventional washing auxiliaries, including fillers, as is used in washing machines.
Due to the increasingly wide use of domestic washing machines, the washing agent must be adapted to the changed washing conditions.
15 .
Modern washing agent3 are therefore composed of a com-bination of detergents as the washing-active sub-stances, bleaches and additives which boost the washing power, the so-called builders which, on the one hand, eliminate the hardnes~ of the washing liquor and, on the other hand, prevent depositions of inorganic salts on the material being washed and thereby ensure a ~soft handle" of the washed material after the washing process.
Polymeric phosphate~, in particular sodium tripolyphos-phate, are regarded as excellent builders. Because of the danger of eutrophication of rivers and lak2s by the - 2 - ~ 32~
phosphate content in domestic effluents, the use of zeolites a~ a builder has been proposed.
It has been found that the use of zeolites as a builder ha~ the disadvantages that the washed material lo~es the desired "soft handle" in tha course of a plurality of washing steps. A further point is that, during the storage tLme between the production and the consu~ption of the washing agent, the washing agent lose~ part of its washing power by decomposition of the bleach.
It has therefore been proposed in US-A-4,728,443 to add to the washing agent an additional 1 to 20% by weight of a crystalline layered ~ilicate or alkali metal ~
cate. In this way, it was possible to achieve a "soft handle" of the washed material even if zeolites were used as the builders; however, the ~torage stability of the washing agent was not affected thereby.
It is the ob~ect of the invention to provide a washing agent which has an improved storage stability and a boosted bleach action, and maintains the ~'~oft handlel' in the washed material.
Surpri3ingly, it has baen found that a storage-stabilized washing agent with a boosted bleach action is obtained when it contains 10 to 50% by weight, in particular 20 to 35% by weight, of a crystalline _ 3 _ 1 3 2 ~
layered silicate as the builder and a bleach, the quantity of bleach being such that 0.5 to 4% by weight, in particular 1.0 to 2.5% by weight, of washing-active oxygen (AVOX) is present in the washing agent.
A crystalline layered silicate of the general formula NaMsi2os where M = Na or H, has proved particularly suitable.
Very particularly good result~ are obtained when the crystalline layered silicate corre~ponds to the ~-modi-fication of Na2Si2O5.
Further preferred and selective features of the washing ~ agent according to the invention can be that 1 a) the crystalline layered ~ilicate haq a particle ; diameter from 0.01 to 1,000 ~m, in particular from 1 to 20 ~m, b) the crystalline layered ~ilicate ha~ an ion exchange capacity from 400 to 1,200 mmol of Na+/100 g of dry matter, c) the bleach is sodium perborate tetrahydrate, sodium perborate monohydrate and/or sodium percar bonate, ~L 3 2 ~ 3 d) it contains inorganic and/or organic phosphates, borates-, citrates, gluconates~ nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) and/or iminodiacetates a addi~ional builders in quantities of up to 20% by weight, e) it is composed of agglomerate particles having a particle size in the range from 0.25 to 2.5 mm and was obtained by a spray-mist mixing proce s, f~ it contain~, as the detergent, alkali matal salts of alkylbenzene~ulfonates, higher alkylsulfonates and/or higher fatty alcohol polyethoxylate-~ul-fate~, in particular with alkyl radicals having 10 to 18 carbon atoms on average in the alkyl group, and g) it contains carboxymethylcellulose, carboxymethyl starch and~or methylcellulo~e in quantities of up to 10~ by weight as a washing auxiliary.
, The crystalline layered cilicates used in the production of the washing agent according to the invention can be prepared according to US-A-4,664,839.
Even though all the crystalline layered silicates listed in US-A-4,664,839 can bs employed in the washing agent according to the invention, it ha~ been found that ~-Na2Si2O5 is to ba preferred if a boosted bleach - 5 _ 1 ~ 2 ~ u ~ ~
action during the washing process is important.
The washing-active oxygen (AVOX) of the bleach and of the washing agent was determined in accordance with the instructions by Dr. E. Heinerth, Tenside 2 (1965) 180.
The sodium perborate tetrahydrate (NaB03 x 4H20) investigated had an AVOX number of 10% by weight;
sodium perborate monohydrate (NaB03 x H20) had an AVOX
number of 15% by weight and odium percarbonate (2Na2CO3 x 3H202) had an AVOX number of 13.5% by weight.
The washing power (bleach action) of the washing agent was determined as the whiteness of the test fabrics (WFR polye~ter/cotton ~oiled by tea, order code 20 G) according to DIN 44983.
The washing power (bleach action) of the washing liquor was determined by the difference method which follow~
from equation I
' ~ WR = % WGg - ~ WGb where: % W~ = ~ washing power (bleach action) % WGg = ~ whiteness of the washing material % WGb = % whiteness of the unwashed material.
The storage te~ts wsre carried out under the following forced te~t conditions:
Ths wa~hing agent to be investigated was stored in a - 6 - ~32~
condition cabinet at a relative atmospheric humidity of 70% at a temperature of 37C. During the test, the washing agent was packed in a waxed carton. The water vapor permeability of the pac~aging wa 0.4 g~m2 x h.
The tested washing agent formulations are listed in Table 1.
The degradation values of the bleach as a function of the time after the forced storage test conditions are compiled in Table 2. In addition, 2 commercially avail-able washing agents based on zeolite and sodium tri-polyphosphate were included in Table 2. The degradation of bleach, in particular that of sodium percarbonate, is very high in the preqence of zeolite.
Washing results:
The washing agent formulations 2 and 4 were tested in accordance with DIN 44983 and calculated acccrding to equation I. The washing power (bleach action) of washing agsnt 2 was 30.0%, and that of washing agent 4 according to the invention was 36.5%.
The asse~sment of handle by a panel of experts gave a markedly "softer handlel~ of the washed material, which had besn washed with the washing agent 4 according to the invention, as compared with the washed material which had baen washed with the zeolite-containing _ 7 _ washing agent 2.
- 8 - ~ ~2~
X
~r j ~ . n ~ n ., I .
x ¢ ~n n- ~ n ~ ~ ~J c~ . c c . .
~: .. , , ~ e n ~ ~ c c C I Q C~
~_ I
(1~ ~!
o 3 ; O .
.~ O I
E a, L Cl o ~ ~ ~ ~n ~ u~ J c ~ ~
C (~1 ~ 1~ co ~ ~ J CC 5 5 C~l 1,'~
. O
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., . r~ ~ ~ In ~ c~J ~ C c Q t~J '~ O
C~l I
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_, I ~
v~ ! o ~ V V) , U
~ C I U
C ~
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U 1~ J ~, = C
a, ~n ~ ~ ~ , , _ ~: ~ a~
1~ 5 ~ O a~ O.J I~
c . _ ~ ~ X L
~ a~ ~ A= ~ ~ ~ ~
'- 3 1 ~ u L : :~1 V ) I C
c ~1 z ~ _~- C u al ~ c e C ~ ~ ~ o ~ ~ C ~_ --~ ~ ~ ~ = Z ~ I :~
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._ 2 ~
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'- 3 1 ~ u L : :~1 V ) I C
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~ c o o o ~ a i --Z e~ Z V~ V~ ^ I o ~ Z ~ ~:
._ 2 ~
-- n ~ ~, '~ ,, 'Z . . _
Claims (11)
1. A storage-stabilized washing agent with a boosted bleach action, with 2 to 20% by weight of detergents and conventional washing auxiliaries, including fillers, containing 10 to 50% by weight of a crystalline layered silicate as the builder and a bleach, the quantity of bleach being such that 0.5 to 4% by weight of washing-active oxygen (AVOX) is present in the washing agent.
2. The storage-stabilized washing agent as claimed in claim 1, containing 20 to 35% by weight of a crystalline layered sili-cate as the builder.
3. The storage-stabilized washing agent as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bleach quantity is such that 1.0 to 2.5% by weight of washing-active oxygen (AVOX) is present in the washing agent.
4. The storage-stabilized washing agent as claimed in claim 1, wherein the crystalline layered silicate is of the general formula NaMSi2O5 where M = Na or H.
5. The storage-stabilized washing agent as claimed in claim 1, wherein the crystalline layered silicate corresponds to the .delta. -modification of Na2Si2O5.
6. The storage stabilized washing agent as claimed in claim 1, wherein the crystalline layered silicate has a particle diameter from 0.01 to 1,000µ m.
7. The storage-stabilized washing agent as claimed in claim 1, wherein the crystalline layered silicate has a particle diameter from 1 to 20µ m.
8. The storage-stabilized washing agent as claimed in claim 1, wherein the crystalline layered silicate has an ion exchange capacity from 400 to 1,200 mmol of Na+/100 g of dry matter.
9. The storage-stabilized washing agent as claimed in claim 1, containing inorganic phosphates, organic phosphates, borates, citrates, gluconates, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), iminodiacetates or mixtures thereof as additional builders in quantities of up to 20% by weight.
10. The storage-stabilized washing agent as claimed in claim 1, composed of agglomerate particles having a particle size in the range from 0.25 to 2.5 mm and obtained by means of a spray-mist mixing pro-cess.
11. The storage-stabilized washing agent as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bleach is sodium perborate tetrahydrate, sodium perborate monohydrate, sodium percarbonate or mixtures thereof.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEP3812555.2 | 1988-04-15 | ||
| DE3812555A DE3812555A1 (en) | 1988-04-15 | 1988-04-15 | STORAGE-STABILIZED DETERGENT WITH REINFORCED WHITENING EFFECT |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1324306C true CA1324306C (en) | 1993-11-16 |
Family
ID=6352058
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000594859A Expired - Fee Related CA1324306C (en) | 1988-04-15 | 1989-03-28 | Storage-stabilized washing agent with boosted bleach action |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0337219B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH0633419B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR910006072B1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1324306C (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3812555A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK169725B1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2138953T3 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI92329C (en) |
| NO (1) | NO172750C (en) |
| SG (1) | SG40030A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB9018157D0 (en) * | 1990-08-17 | 1990-10-03 | Procter & Gamble | Detergent compositions |
| GB9021761D0 (en) * | 1990-10-06 | 1990-11-21 | Procter & Gamble | Detergent compositions |
| DE4034131C2 (en) * | 1990-10-26 | 1999-08-26 | Henkel Kgaa | Builders for detergents |
| GB9108639D0 (en) * | 1991-04-23 | 1991-06-12 | Procter & Gamble | Particulate detergent compositions |
| US5540855A (en) * | 1991-04-23 | 1996-07-30 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Particulate detergent compositions |
| DE4134914A1 (en) * | 1991-10-23 | 1993-04-29 | Henkel Kgaa | DETERGENT AND CLEANING AGENT WITH SELECTED BUILDER SYSTEMS |
| DE4139826A1 (en) * | 1991-12-03 | 1993-06-09 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen, De | WASHING AND CLEANING AGENT |
| EP0550077A1 (en) * | 1992-01-03 | 1993-07-07 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Granular laundry bleaching composition |
| GB9209386D0 (en) * | 1992-04-30 | 1992-06-17 | Unilever Plc | Liquid cleaning products |
| GB9216409D0 (en) * | 1992-08-01 | 1992-09-16 | Procter & Gamble | Detergent compositions |
| EP0639639B2 (en) * | 1993-08-17 | 2010-07-28 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Detergent compositions comprising percarbonate bleaching agents |
| GB2294704A (en) * | 1994-11-05 | 1996-05-08 | Procter & Gamble | Bleaching composition |
| JP3290382B2 (en) | 1997-07-18 | 2002-06-10 | 花王株式会社 | Powder detergent composition |
| EP2123742A1 (en) † | 2008-05-14 | 2009-11-25 | The Procter and Gamble Company | A solid laundry detergent composition comprising light density silicate salt |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1425177A (en) * | 1972-11-20 | 1976-02-18 | Procter & Gamble Ltd | Clay compositionp |
| FR2423536A1 (en) * | 1978-04-17 | 1979-11-16 | Interox | COMPOSITIONS AND METHOD FOR WASHING AND BLEACHING |
| EP0028432B1 (en) * | 1979-11-03 | 1984-01-18 | THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY | Granular laundry compositions |
| JPS614879A (en) * | 1984-06-15 | 1986-01-10 | Atsugi Motor Parts Co Ltd | Motor self-cooling type air pump |
| DE3604039A1 (en) * | 1986-02-08 | 1987-08-20 | Henkel Kgaa | TEXTILE DETERGENT AND CLEANING AGENT |
| DE3634279A1 (en) * | 1986-10-08 | 1988-08-11 | Hoechst Ag | DETERGENT CONTAINING SOFTENER |
| DE3742043A1 (en) * | 1987-12-11 | 1989-06-22 | Hoechst Ag | METHOD FOR PRODUCING CRYSTALLINE SODIUM LAYER SILICATES |
-
1988
- 1988-04-15 DE DE3812555A patent/DE3812555A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1989
- 1989-03-28 CA CA000594859A patent/CA1324306C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-04-01 DE DE58909857T patent/DE58909857D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-04-01 SG SG1995001380A patent/SG40030A1/en unknown
- 1989-04-01 ES ES89105745T patent/ES2138953T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-04-01 EP EP89105745A patent/EP0337219B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-04-13 JP JP1091991A patent/JPH0633419B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-04-13 FI FI891765A patent/FI92329C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-04-13 KR KR1019890004877A patent/KR910006072B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-04-14 DK DK181789A patent/DK169725B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-04-14 NO NO891545A patent/NO172750C/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DK181789D0 (en) | 1989-04-14 |
| DK181789A (en) | 1989-10-16 |
| KR910006072B1 (en) | 1991-08-12 |
| NO172750B (en) | 1993-05-24 |
| EP0337219A2 (en) | 1989-10-18 |
| DE3812555A1 (en) | 1989-10-26 |
| DK169725B1 (en) | 1995-01-23 |
| EP0337219A3 (en) | 1991-04-10 |
| KR900016446A (en) | 1990-11-13 |
| JPH0633419B2 (en) | 1994-05-02 |
| DE58909857D1 (en) | 1999-10-28 |
| FI92329B (en) | 1994-07-15 |
| FI891765A0 (en) | 1989-04-13 |
| FI92329C (en) | 1994-10-25 |
| NO172750C (en) | 1993-09-01 |
| EP0337219B1 (en) | 1999-09-22 |
| ES2138953T3 (en) | 2000-02-01 |
| JPH01311197A (en) | 1989-12-15 |
| FI891765A (en) | 1989-10-16 |
| NO891545L (en) | 1989-10-16 |
| NO891545D0 (en) | 1989-04-14 |
| SG40030A1 (en) | 1997-06-14 |
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