CA1221985A - Process for dehydrating ethanol - Google Patents
Process for dehydrating ethanolInfo
- Publication number
- CA1221985A CA1221985A CA000452196A CA452196A CA1221985A CA 1221985 A CA1221985 A CA 1221985A CA 000452196 A CA000452196 A CA 000452196A CA 452196 A CA452196 A CA 452196A CA 1221985 A CA1221985 A CA 1221985A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- ethanol
- water
- molecular sieves
- lower alkanol
- carbon molecular
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 5
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JYVLIDXNZAXMDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCC(C)O JYVLIDXNZAXMDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003466 anti-cipated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)O BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MIHADVKEHAFNPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Amino-5-nitrothiazole Chemical compound NC1=NC=C([N+]([O-])=O)S1 MIHADVKEHAFNPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002026 crystalline silica Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008246 gaseous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H sodium hexametaphosphate Chemical compound [Na]OP1(=O)OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])O1 GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
TITLE OF THE INVENTION
PROCESS FOR DEHYDRATING ETHANOL
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
Aqueous ethanol and other lower alkanol water mixtures may be dehydrated in the gas or liquid phase by using carbon molecular sieves. These sieves preferentially adsorb water and recovery of absolute ethanol or other absolute alkanol is achieved.
Absolute ethanol produced from this process may be used in the manufacture of gasohol.
PROCESS FOR DEHYDRATING ETHANOL
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
Aqueous ethanol and other lower alkanol water mixtures may be dehydrated in the gas or liquid phase by using carbon molecular sieves. These sieves preferentially adsorb water and recovery of absolute ethanol or other absolute alkanol is achieved.
Absolute ethanol produced from this process may be used in the manufacture of gasohol.
Description
~2~S
TITLE OF THE INVENTION
PROCESS FOR DEHYDRATING ETHANOL
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
_ Ethanol is readily produced by fermentation processes, which yield dilute aqueous ethanol mixtures. However, the dehydration of ethanol from its aqueous mixtures by traditional distillation methods requires large amounts of heat energy.
Beverage grade ethanol is usually produced as an azeotrope containing 5 percent water by weight. For use in motor fuels, especially, gasohol, the ethanol must be substantially anhydrous.
Various methods for producing anhydrous ethanol, suitable for use in motor fuels are reviewed in Hartline, "Lowering the Cost of Alcohol", Science, VolO 206l 41-42 (1979). Hartline describes only one adsorption process; usin~ zeolite molecular sieves to selectively remove water from aqueous ethanol.
D . ~.
:~22~L~3~5
TITLE OF THE INVENTION
PROCESS FOR DEHYDRATING ETHANOL
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
_ Ethanol is readily produced by fermentation processes, which yield dilute aqueous ethanol mixtures. However, the dehydration of ethanol from its aqueous mixtures by traditional distillation methods requires large amounts of heat energy.
Beverage grade ethanol is usually produced as an azeotrope containing 5 percent water by weight. For use in motor fuels, especially, gasohol, the ethanol must be substantially anhydrous.
Various methods for producing anhydrous ethanol, suitable for use in motor fuels are reviewed in Hartline, "Lowering the Cost of Alcohol", Science, VolO 206l 41-42 (1979). Hartline describes only one adsorption process; usin~ zeolite molecular sieves to selectively remove water from aqueous ethanol.
D . ~.
:~22~L~3~5
- 2 - C-1328 Oulman et al., U.S. Patent No. 4,277,635 describe the use of a crystalline silica polymorph (silicalite) for the adsorbtion of ethanol from an aqueous ethanol mixture followed by recovery of the adsorbed, dehydrated ethanol by passing carbon dioxide gas through the silicalite bed.
Fornoff, U.S. Patent No. 4,273,621 describes a gas phase distillation dehydration process using crystalline zeolite molecular sieves, and a carbon dioxide gas stream as a drying aid. This patent teaches that zeolite sieves having a pore diameter of three Angstroms are useful, because other adsorbents such as molecular sieves, carbon, alumina and silica would in addition to adsorbing water, coadsorb the ethanol and the carbon dioxide drying aid.
Zeolite sieves have one major drawback when used for the adsorption of water. They require a great deal of heat energy for desorption of the trapped water (i.e. regeneration).
None of the prior art discussed above, nor any of the references cited therein, suggest that carbon molecular sieves will be useful for dehydrating aqueous lower alkanol mixtures. It has been discovered that carbon molecular sieves having an average effective pore diameter of from 2.0 to 5.0 Angstroms are suitable for producing absolute ethanol, from an aqueous ethanol mixture having up to 60 percent water by weight. Moreover, carbon sieves, unlike zeolite sieves, are easily regenerated by methods such as those described herein.
~Z~'~B~
Fornoff, U.S. Patent No. 4,273,621 describes a gas phase distillation dehydration process using crystalline zeolite molecular sieves, and a carbon dioxide gas stream as a drying aid. This patent teaches that zeolite sieves having a pore diameter of three Angstroms are useful, because other adsorbents such as molecular sieves, carbon, alumina and silica would in addition to adsorbing water, coadsorb the ethanol and the carbon dioxide drying aid.
Zeolite sieves have one major drawback when used for the adsorption of water. They require a great deal of heat energy for desorption of the trapped water (i.e. regeneration).
None of the prior art discussed above, nor any of the references cited therein, suggest that carbon molecular sieves will be useful for dehydrating aqueous lower alkanol mixtures. It has been discovered that carbon molecular sieves having an average effective pore diameter of from 2.0 to 5.0 Angstroms are suitable for producing absolute ethanol, from an aqueous ethanol mixture having up to 60 percent water by weight. Moreover, carbon sieves, unlike zeolite sieves, are easily regenerated by methods such as those described herein.
~Z~'~B~
- 3 - C-1328 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention is directed to the removal of water from aqueous mixtures of lower alkanols, by employing carbon molecular sieves.
Thus there is provided a process for dehydrating aqueous lower alkanol mixtures which comprises passing said mixtures through carbon molecular sieves having an average effective pore diameter in the range of about 2.0 to 5.0 Angstroms.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The term "lower alkanol," as used herein refers to those C~ to C5 straight and branched, generally saturated alcohols that form azeotropes with water. Examples include ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, sec-butanol, tert-butanol and sec-amyl alcohol. Methanol, is also to be included as a lower alkanol, but it does not azeotrope with water. The term "absolute" is defined as 100% and it refers to an alkanol containing no water.
The term "carbon molecular sieve" as used herein refers to those carbonaceous adsorbents that have been manufactured under conditions which control pore diameter. Typical carbon molecular sieves and processes for their production are described in Mason et al., U.S. Patent No. 3,222,412; Munzner et al., U.S. Patent No. 3,979,330; Yuki, U.S~ Patent No.
_
This invention is directed to the removal of water from aqueous mixtures of lower alkanols, by employing carbon molecular sieves.
Thus there is provided a process for dehydrating aqueous lower alkanol mixtures which comprises passing said mixtures through carbon molecular sieves having an average effective pore diameter in the range of about 2.0 to 5.0 Angstroms.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The term "lower alkanol," as used herein refers to those C~ to C5 straight and branched, generally saturated alcohols that form azeotropes with water. Examples include ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, sec-butanol, tert-butanol and sec-amyl alcohol. Methanol, is also to be included as a lower alkanol, but it does not azeotrope with water. The term "absolute" is defined as 100% and it refers to an alkanol containing no water.
The term "carbon molecular sieve" as used herein refers to those carbonaceous adsorbents that have been manufactured under conditions which control pore diameter. Typical carbon molecular sieves and processes for their production are described in Mason et al., U.S. Patent No. 3,222,412; Munzner et al., U.S. Patent No. 3,979,330; Yuki, U.S~ Patent No.
_
4,046,709 and Vesterdal, U.S. Patent No. 2,556,859.
It is anticipated that any carbon molecular sieve having an average effective pore diameter of from about 2.0 Angstroms to about 5.0 Angstroms will ~lC~85 be useful in this application. Pore diameters within this range allow water to be more readily adsorbed from a water-lower alkanol mixture than the alkanol.
The preferred method of dehydrating an aqueous lower alkanol mixture is by distillation.
The azeotropic gaseous mixture of water and lower alkanol is distilled through a column of carbon molecular sieves having average effective pore diameters within the range of about 2.0 to 5.0, Angstroms and, for ethanol, preferably 2.5 to 3.5 Angstroms. The water vapor is preferentially adsorbed, and the dehydrated lower alkanol is recovered by condensation.
It is also anticipated that carbon molecular sieves will adsorb water from an aqueous lower alkanol mixture in the liquid phase. Employing standard adsorption techniques, a mixture of aqueous lower alkanol would be passed through a column of carbon molecular sieves, at a flow rate found to be sufficient to allow adequate adsorption by the carbon of the water in the mixture. Generally, a slow flow rate is preferred, for example, about 100 mililiters per hour. Repeated passages through carbon molecular sieve columns may be necessary depending upon the amount of water present and/or the degree of dryness desired.
After the carbon molecular sieves have become saturated with adsorbed water, they must be replaced with virgin carbon molecular sieves or be regenerated. Water may be removed from the carbon sieves by numerous known methods. One common method is to drive off the water by heating the carbon at a temperature sufficient to volatilize the adsorbed ~Z~ 35
It is anticipated that any carbon molecular sieve having an average effective pore diameter of from about 2.0 Angstroms to about 5.0 Angstroms will ~lC~85 be useful in this application. Pore diameters within this range allow water to be more readily adsorbed from a water-lower alkanol mixture than the alkanol.
The preferred method of dehydrating an aqueous lower alkanol mixture is by distillation.
The azeotropic gaseous mixture of water and lower alkanol is distilled through a column of carbon molecular sieves having average effective pore diameters within the range of about 2.0 to 5.0, Angstroms and, for ethanol, preferably 2.5 to 3.5 Angstroms. The water vapor is preferentially adsorbed, and the dehydrated lower alkanol is recovered by condensation.
It is also anticipated that carbon molecular sieves will adsorb water from an aqueous lower alkanol mixture in the liquid phase. Employing standard adsorption techniques, a mixture of aqueous lower alkanol would be passed through a column of carbon molecular sieves, at a flow rate found to be sufficient to allow adequate adsorption by the carbon of the water in the mixture. Generally, a slow flow rate is preferred, for example, about 100 mililiters per hour. Repeated passages through carbon molecular sieve columns may be necessary depending upon the amount of water present and/or the degree of dryness desired.
After the carbon molecular sieves have become saturated with adsorbed water, they must be replaced with virgin carbon molecular sieves or be regenerated. Water may be removed from the carbon sieves by numerous known methods. One common method is to drive off the water by heating the carbon at a temperature sufficient to volatilize the adsorbed ~Z~ 35
- 5 - C-1328 water and thereafter passing a dry carrier gas such as nitrogen or air through the sieve to aid in removing the water vapor. Another method for removing water from carbon is described in Convers et al., U.S. Patent No. 4,287,089. This method employs 1,2-dichloroethane both in the liquid and gas phase to remove adsorbed water.
While the examples that follow are directed to the preferred embodiment of this invention, namely the dehydration of aqueous ethanol, nevertheless it is to be noted that the present invention is not limited solely to this preferred embodiment. Other aqueous lower alkanol solutions may be dehydrated using either a gas phase process or a liquid phase process as described herein without departing from the spirit o~this invention. The carbon molecular sieve, NSC-4~has an average effective pore diameter of about 4 Angstroms and is available from Calgon Carbon Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pa.
EXAMPLE
A 100 ml sample of ethanol containing 9.0 weight percent water was distilled through a column containing about 70 grams of carbon molecular sieves. The resulting deh~drated ethanol was collected from a condenser and analyzed for its water content. The results were as follows:
Fraction No.Volume% Ethanol _ 30 1 5 ml 100.0 2 25 ml 97.0 3 30 ml 95.0 4 25 ml 95.0
While the examples that follow are directed to the preferred embodiment of this invention, namely the dehydration of aqueous ethanol, nevertheless it is to be noted that the present invention is not limited solely to this preferred embodiment. Other aqueous lower alkanol solutions may be dehydrated using either a gas phase process or a liquid phase process as described herein without departing from the spirit o~this invention. The carbon molecular sieve, NSC-4~has an average effective pore diameter of about 4 Angstroms and is available from Calgon Carbon Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pa.
EXAMPLE
A 100 ml sample of ethanol containing 9.0 weight percent water was distilled through a column containing about 70 grams of carbon molecular sieves. The resulting deh~drated ethanol was collected from a condenser and analyzed for its water content. The results were as follows:
Fraction No.Volume% Ethanol _ 30 1 5 ml 100.0 2 25 ml 97.0 3 30 ml 95.0 4 25 ml 95.0
- 6 ~ C-1328 EX~MPLE 2 A 100 ml sample of ethanol containing 20 weight percent water is distilled through a column containing about 150 grams of carbon molecular sieves. The resulting dehydrated ethanol is collected from a condenser and analyzed for its water content. The results are:
Fraction No. Volume % Ethanol 1 10 ml 99.5 2 10 ml 97.0 3 15 ml 96.0 4 10 ml 95.5 20 ml 95.0 6 20 ml 95.0
Fraction No. Volume % Ethanol 1 10 ml 99.5 2 10 ml 97.0 3 15 ml 96.0 4 10 ml 95.5 20 ml 95.0 6 20 ml 95.0
7 5 ml 95.0 A 200 ml sample of ethanol containing 60 weight percent water is distilled through a column containing 250 g of carbon molecular sieves. The resulting dehydrated ethanol is collected from a condenser and analyzed for its water content. The results are:
9~
Fraction No. Vol_me ~ Ethanol 1 2 ml 100 2 2 ml 99.5 3 5 ml 99O0 4 5 ml 99-0 5 ml 99.0 6 5 ml 98.5 7 10 ml 98.0
9~
Fraction No. Vol_me ~ Ethanol 1 2 ml 100 2 2 ml 99.5 3 5 ml 99O0 4 5 ml 99-0 5 ml 99.0 6 5 ml 98.5 7 10 ml 98.0
8 15 ml 98.0
9 15 ml 97.0 EX~MPLE 4 A 100 ml sample of ethanol containing 10 weight percent water is passed through a column containing 250 grams of carbon molecular sieves at a flow rate of 100 ml/hour. The resulting dehydrated ethanol is analyzed for its water content. The results areo 20Fraction No. Volume ~ Ethanol 1 2 ml 100 2 2 ml 99.5 3 5 ml 99.0 4 11 ml 99.0 15 ml 99.0 6 10 ml 99.0 7 10 ml 98.5 8 10 ml 98.5 9 20 ml 98.0 4 ml 97.5 Following the above examples, other dehydrated lower alkanols may be produced, including absolute butanol, absolute isopropanol, absolute sec-amyl alcohol and the like.
Claims to the invention follow.
Claims to the invention follow.
Claims (7)
1. A process for dehydrating aqueous lower alkanol mixtures which comprises passing said mixtures through carbon molecular sieves having average effective pore diameters within the range of about 2.0 to 5.0 Angstroms.
2. The process of Claim 1 wherein the average effective pore diameters for the carbon molecular sieves are from about 2.5 to 3.5 Angstroms.
3. The process of Claim 1 which further comprises passing said aqueous lower alkanol mixtures through said carbon molecular sieves in the liquid phase.
4. The process of Claim 1 which further comprises passing said aqueous lower alkanol mixtures through said carbon molecular sieves in the gaseous phase.
5. The process of Claims 3 or 4 wherein the aqueous lower alkanol mixture is up to 60 weight percent water.
6. The process of Claim 4 wherein an absolute lower alkanol is produced.
7. The process of Claim 6 wherein the absolute lower alkanol produced is ethanol.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000452196A CA1221985A (en) | 1984-04-17 | 1984-04-17 | Process for dehydrating ethanol |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000452196A CA1221985A (en) | 1984-04-17 | 1984-04-17 | Process for dehydrating ethanol |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1221985A true CA1221985A (en) | 1987-05-19 |
Family
ID=4127678
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000452196A Expired CA1221985A (en) | 1984-04-17 | 1984-04-17 | Process for dehydrating ethanol |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1221985A (en) |
-
1984
- 1984-04-17 CA CA000452196A patent/CA1221985A/en not_active Expired
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