CA1265691A - Pulp washer - Google Patents
Pulp washerInfo
- Publication number
- CA1265691A CA1265691A CA000469004A CA469004A CA1265691A CA 1265691 A CA1265691 A CA 1265691A CA 000469004 A CA000469004 A CA 000469004A CA 469004 A CA469004 A CA 469004A CA 1265691 A CA1265691 A CA 1265691A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- web
- liquid
- steel web
- upper portion
- endless
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C9/00—After-treatment of cellulose pulp, e.g. of wood pulp, or cotton linters ; Treatment of dilute or dewatered pulp or process improvement taking place after obtaining the raw cellulosic material and not provided for elsewhere
- D21C9/02—Washing ; Displacing cooking or pulp-treating liquors contained in the pulp by fluids, e.g. wash water or other pulp-treating agents
- D21C9/06—Washing ; Displacing cooking or pulp-treating liquors contained in the pulp by fluids, e.g. wash water or other pulp-treating agents in filters ; Washing of concentrated pulp, e.g. pulp mats, on filtering surfaces
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
This application discloses an apparatus for the liquid treatment of cellulose pulp. The apparatus includes an endless perforated steel web which runs about two end rolls. A head box for the pulp is located at the first roll for distributing a pulp layer on the web. Along the web, means are located for supplying treatment liquid to the pulp layer, and vessels for receiving liquid from the lower surface of the pulp layer. In order to additionally increase the dry content of the pulp, means are provided for pressing out liquid, which means co-operate with the steel web during its travel about the second roll. A device for transferring the pulp layer is located adjacent the second roll.
This application discloses an apparatus for the liquid treatment of cellulose pulp. The apparatus includes an endless perforated steel web which runs about two end rolls. A head box for the pulp is located at the first roll for distributing a pulp layer on the web. Along the web, means are located for supplying treatment liquid to the pulp layer, and vessels for receiving liquid from the lower surface of the pulp layer. In order to additionally increase the dry content of the pulp, means are provided for pressing out liquid, which means co-operate with the steel web during its travel about the second roll. A device for transferring the pulp layer is located adjacent the second roll.
Description
;S~9~
Pulp washer This invention relates to an apparatus for the liquid treatment of cellulose pulp, for example washing and dewatering.
The invention, more precisely, refers to an apparatus where the pulp from a head box is allowed to flow out and form a layer on a plane, endless liquid permeable web. The web runs over two end rolls, and ~reatment liquid i9 supplied on the upper surface of the pulp layer at the same time as liquid is sucked away from the lower surface of the pulp layer into vacuum vessels beneath 1~ the web.
In such apparatuses the web usually is a "wire" manu-factured of plastic wires. The wire is driven by one end roll and slides over the perforated covers on the underlying vacuum vessels. Owing to the friction between the wire and vessel covers, great forces are required for driving the wire. This gives rise, at the same time, to high tensile stresses in the wire, which thereby is restricted as to its possible length, be-cause the tensile stress increases with the length of the con-tact surface between wire and vessel covers. When it is desired in an existing mill to increase the capacity, it is therefore necessary in most cases to increase the wire width instead of the wire length. This implies substantial re-construction of the mill. If a lengthening of the wire were possible, this could be effected by relatively simple measures at reasonable cost.
Due to the fact that the wire is manufactured of interplaited plastic wires, any damage in the form of broken ~265~
wires calls for very troublesome repair work, which in most cases is so expensive that it is more economical to exchange the entire wire than attempt to repair it.
The present invention has the object of eliminating the aforesaid problems and at the same time making further advantages possible.
According to the invention, the plastic wire referred to above is replaced by a perforated steel web. A st~el web has a substantially higher tensile strength than a wire. It is, further, relatively, simple and inexpensive to repair damages in the ~Yeb. Since a steel web also has a higher resistance to pressure, the dewatering of the pulp layer according to the invention can be carried out much more effectively. A further advantage is that the open area in the covers of the vacuum vessels can be increased due to the inherent carrying capacity of the steel web.
According to the present invention there is provided an apparatus for liquid treatment of cellulose pulp comprising:
a pair of spaced-apart end rolls one of which is a drive roll;
~0 an endless perforated steel web arranged about the pair of end rolls so as to provide a substantially horizontally disposed upper portion, the perforated steel web being adapted to be driven by the drive roll to move the upper portion in a longitudinal direction extending from one of the end rolls toward the other of the end rolls, and the endless steel web having a thickness of between 0.5 and 1.5 millimeters and being perforated so as to have an open area of between 8 percent and 25 percent; h0ad box means 5~
for supplying cellulose pulp to be treated directly onto the upper portion of the endless steel web;liquid collection means arranged between the pair of end rolls for collecting liquid displaced from the cellulose pulp through the endless steel web as the endless web is driven by the drive roll relative to the liquid collection means, the liquid collection means having a substantially horizontally disposed surface arranged beneath and in direct contact with the upper portion of the perforated steel web; liquid treatment means arranged above the upper portion of the web for supplying a treatment liquid to the cellulose pulp supplied onto the upper portion of the endless steel web as the steel web is driven by the drive roll; means for applying a pressure differential across the upper portion of the web to force liquid from the cellulose pulp on the upper portion of the web through the endless steel web into the liquid collection means as the steel web is moved relative to the liquid collection means; and removal means for removing treated cellulose pulp from the steel web after the cellulose pulp has been subjected to the liquid treatment.
6~6~i The invention is described in the following, with reference to a preferred embodiment thereof and to the accom-panying drawings wherein:
Figure l shows a liquid treatment apparatus according to the invention, and Figure 2 is a cross-section taken along the line II-II
in Figure l.
The embodiment of the invention shown in Figure l com-prises an endless perforated steel web l, which runs about a first end roll 2 and a second end roll 3. The rolls 2 and 3 are mounted in a frame 4 so that the first roll 2 is movable by means of a stretching device 5, preferably a hydraulic one, for adjusting the web tension. The driving is effected via the second roll 3, and both rolls preferably are coated with a fric-tion-increasing surface layer.
A head box 6 is located adjacent roll 2 for distrib-uting the cellulose pulp in the form of a uniform layer on the web l. In the head box 6 a rotor 7 is provided for defloccu-lating the pulp. Beneath the web a plurality of vacuum vessels 8 are arranged one after another in the longitudinal direction o~ the web. The vessels 8 are provided with perforated covers acting as a support for the web l.
Outlets ~ and l0, (see Figure 2) are connected to the vessels 8 for the discharge of liquid and gas, respectively.
Above the web, means ll for the supply o~ treatment liquid are located. Over 1:he pulp layer a pressure difference is main-tained for effecting liquid transport crosswise through the ~Z65~
pulp layer. The width of the pulp layer on the web is limited by two endless deckle straps 12 which follow along with the web 1. Other Xnown means for limiting the width can, of course, be employed. A hood 13 is placed over the web 1.
At the second roll 3 a transfer device 14 for the pulp layer, after its completed treatmlent, is located, which may, for example, be in the form of a doctor blade. Beneath the transfer device a conveying screw 15 is provided for conveying the pulp to subsequent processing steps. Second roll 3 also co-operates with means for pressing liquid from the pulp layer. According to the illustrated embodimentt this pressing means is a liquid-permeable web 16 which is held pressed against the steel web 1.
The web 16 runs over two small rolls 17,18 and a tensioning roll 19 .
The second end roll 3 is provided with grooves extend-ing all about the roll to permit liquid to be pressed through the steel web 1. The liquid which has been pressed off is col-lected in a trough 20 located beneath the end roll 3. It is, of course, also possible to use other types of pressing means.
Through the pressing-off, a high dry content of the pulp can be obtained. The pulp concentration can, for example, be increased from about 8% to about 30% by this pressing-off.
This means that a greater part than normal of the chemical con-tent of the pulp can be removed through the liquid treatment.
It is possible from a chemical content of 6-10% during a conven-tional fourdrinier wire washing to be brought down to 1-3%. It is thereby possible, for example, to pass the pulp S~i9~L
from a treatment plant directly to a bleach plant without further dewatering in special thickeners.
The steel web used preferably has a thickness of 0.5 -1.5 mm. The diameter of the end rolls should commensurate with the thickness of the web because ~he bending stress in the web is directly proportional to the web thickness and reciprocally proportional to the roll diameter~ A suitable diameter for the rolls 2,3 is about 2 metres.
The hole si7e in the web should take into account nature of the pulp to be treated, but should be in the range 0.5 - 1.5 mm in diameter.
It is also possible, of course, to form the holes as slits. The open area must under all conditions be between ~ and 25%.
The length and width of the web are not critical. Any desired width can be achieved by welding a number of narrow webs longitudinally to form a wider web, because it is not presently possible to directly manufacture steel webs having width as great as desired for oùr novel apparatus, widths of about 6 metres. Steel webs normally are not manufactured in widths ex-ceeding much more than one metre.
The invention is not restricted to the embodiment shown, but can be varied within the scope of the invention idea as expressed above on page 2 hereof and in the appended claims.
Pulp washer This invention relates to an apparatus for the liquid treatment of cellulose pulp, for example washing and dewatering.
The invention, more precisely, refers to an apparatus where the pulp from a head box is allowed to flow out and form a layer on a plane, endless liquid permeable web. The web runs over two end rolls, and ~reatment liquid i9 supplied on the upper surface of the pulp layer at the same time as liquid is sucked away from the lower surface of the pulp layer into vacuum vessels beneath 1~ the web.
In such apparatuses the web usually is a "wire" manu-factured of plastic wires. The wire is driven by one end roll and slides over the perforated covers on the underlying vacuum vessels. Owing to the friction between the wire and vessel covers, great forces are required for driving the wire. This gives rise, at the same time, to high tensile stresses in the wire, which thereby is restricted as to its possible length, be-cause the tensile stress increases with the length of the con-tact surface between wire and vessel covers. When it is desired in an existing mill to increase the capacity, it is therefore necessary in most cases to increase the wire width instead of the wire length. This implies substantial re-construction of the mill. If a lengthening of the wire were possible, this could be effected by relatively simple measures at reasonable cost.
Due to the fact that the wire is manufactured of interplaited plastic wires, any damage in the form of broken ~265~
wires calls for very troublesome repair work, which in most cases is so expensive that it is more economical to exchange the entire wire than attempt to repair it.
The present invention has the object of eliminating the aforesaid problems and at the same time making further advantages possible.
According to the invention, the plastic wire referred to above is replaced by a perforated steel web. A st~el web has a substantially higher tensile strength than a wire. It is, further, relatively, simple and inexpensive to repair damages in the ~Yeb. Since a steel web also has a higher resistance to pressure, the dewatering of the pulp layer according to the invention can be carried out much more effectively. A further advantage is that the open area in the covers of the vacuum vessels can be increased due to the inherent carrying capacity of the steel web.
According to the present invention there is provided an apparatus for liquid treatment of cellulose pulp comprising:
a pair of spaced-apart end rolls one of which is a drive roll;
~0 an endless perforated steel web arranged about the pair of end rolls so as to provide a substantially horizontally disposed upper portion, the perforated steel web being adapted to be driven by the drive roll to move the upper portion in a longitudinal direction extending from one of the end rolls toward the other of the end rolls, and the endless steel web having a thickness of between 0.5 and 1.5 millimeters and being perforated so as to have an open area of between 8 percent and 25 percent; h0ad box means 5~
for supplying cellulose pulp to be treated directly onto the upper portion of the endless steel web;liquid collection means arranged between the pair of end rolls for collecting liquid displaced from the cellulose pulp through the endless steel web as the endless web is driven by the drive roll relative to the liquid collection means, the liquid collection means having a substantially horizontally disposed surface arranged beneath and in direct contact with the upper portion of the perforated steel web; liquid treatment means arranged above the upper portion of the web for supplying a treatment liquid to the cellulose pulp supplied onto the upper portion of the endless steel web as the steel web is driven by the drive roll; means for applying a pressure differential across the upper portion of the web to force liquid from the cellulose pulp on the upper portion of the web through the endless steel web into the liquid collection means as the steel web is moved relative to the liquid collection means; and removal means for removing treated cellulose pulp from the steel web after the cellulose pulp has been subjected to the liquid treatment.
6~6~i The invention is described in the following, with reference to a preferred embodiment thereof and to the accom-panying drawings wherein:
Figure l shows a liquid treatment apparatus according to the invention, and Figure 2 is a cross-section taken along the line II-II
in Figure l.
The embodiment of the invention shown in Figure l com-prises an endless perforated steel web l, which runs about a first end roll 2 and a second end roll 3. The rolls 2 and 3 are mounted in a frame 4 so that the first roll 2 is movable by means of a stretching device 5, preferably a hydraulic one, for adjusting the web tension. The driving is effected via the second roll 3, and both rolls preferably are coated with a fric-tion-increasing surface layer.
A head box 6 is located adjacent roll 2 for distrib-uting the cellulose pulp in the form of a uniform layer on the web l. In the head box 6 a rotor 7 is provided for defloccu-lating the pulp. Beneath the web a plurality of vacuum vessels 8 are arranged one after another in the longitudinal direction o~ the web. The vessels 8 are provided with perforated covers acting as a support for the web l.
Outlets ~ and l0, (see Figure 2) are connected to the vessels 8 for the discharge of liquid and gas, respectively.
Above the web, means ll for the supply o~ treatment liquid are located. Over 1:he pulp layer a pressure difference is main-tained for effecting liquid transport crosswise through the ~Z65~
pulp layer. The width of the pulp layer on the web is limited by two endless deckle straps 12 which follow along with the web 1. Other Xnown means for limiting the width can, of course, be employed. A hood 13 is placed over the web 1.
At the second roll 3 a transfer device 14 for the pulp layer, after its completed treatmlent, is located, which may, for example, be in the form of a doctor blade. Beneath the transfer device a conveying screw 15 is provided for conveying the pulp to subsequent processing steps. Second roll 3 also co-operates with means for pressing liquid from the pulp layer. According to the illustrated embodimentt this pressing means is a liquid-permeable web 16 which is held pressed against the steel web 1.
The web 16 runs over two small rolls 17,18 and a tensioning roll 19 .
The second end roll 3 is provided with grooves extend-ing all about the roll to permit liquid to be pressed through the steel web 1. The liquid which has been pressed off is col-lected in a trough 20 located beneath the end roll 3. It is, of course, also possible to use other types of pressing means.
Through the pressing-off, a high dry content of the pulp can be obtained. The pulp concentration can, for example, be increased from about 8% to about 30% by this pressing-off.
This means that a greater part than normal of the chemical con-tent of the pulp can be removed through the liquid treatment.
It is possible from a chemical content of 6-10% during a conven-tional fourdrinier wire washing to be brought down to 1-3%. It is thereby possible, for example, to pass the pulp S~i9~L
from a treatment plant directly to a bleach plant without further dewatering in special thickeners.
The steel web used preferably has a thickness of 0.5 -1.5 mm. The diameter of the end rolls should commensurate with the thickness of the web because ~he bending stress in the web is directly proportional to the web thickness and reciprocally proportional to the roll diameter~ A suitable diameter for the rolls 2,3 is about 2 metres.
The hole si7e in the web should take into account nature of the pulp to be treated, but should be in the range 0.5 - 1.5 mm in diameter.
It is also possible, of course, to form the holes as slits. The open area must under all conditions be between ~ and 25%.
The length and width of the web are not critical. Any desired width can be achieved by welding a number of narrow webs longitudinally to form a wider web, because it is not presently possible to directly manufacture steel webs having width as great as desired for oùr novel apparatus, widths of about 6 metres. Steel webs normally are not manufactured in widths ex-ceeding much more than one metre.
The invention is not restricted to the embodiment shown, but can be varied within the scope of the invention idea as expressed above on page 2 hereof and in the appended claims.
Claims (6)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. An apparatus for liquid treatment of cellulose pulp, comprising:
a pair of spaced-apart end rolls one of which is a drive roll;
an endless perforated steel web arranged about said pair of end rolls so as to provide a substantially horizontally disposed upper portion, said perforated steel web being adapted to be driven by said drive roll to move said upper portion in a longitudinal direction extending from one of said end rolls toward the other of said end rolls, and said endless steel web having a thickness of between 0.5 and 1.5 millimeters and being perforated so as to have an open area of between 8 percent and 25 percent;
head box means for supplying cellulose pulp to be treated directly onto said upper portion of said endless steel web;
liquid collection means arranged between said pair of end rolls for collecting liquid displaced from said cellulose pulp through said endless steel web as said endless web is driven by said drive roll relative to said liquid collection means, said liquid collection means having a substantially horizontally disposed surface arranged beneath and in direct contact with said upper portion of said perforated steel web;
liquid treatment means arranged above said upper portion of said web for supplying a treatment liquid to said cellulose pulp supplied onto said upper portion of said endless steel web as said steel web is driven by said drive roll;
means for applying a pressure differential across said upper portion of said web to force liquid from said cellulose pulp on said upper portion of said web through said endless steel web into said liquid collection means as said steel web is moved relative to said liquid collection means; and removal means for removing treated cellulose pulp from said steel web after said cellulose pulp has been subjected to said liquid treatment.
a pair of spaced-apart end rolls one of which is a drive roll;
an endless perforated steel web arranged about said pair of end rolls so as to provide a substantially horizontally disposed upper portion, said perforated steel web being adapted to be driven by said drive roll to move said upper portion in a longitudinal direction extending from one of said end rolls toward the other of said end rolls, and said endless steel web having a thickness of between 0.5 and 1.5 millimeters and being perforated so as to have an open area of between 8 percent and 25 percent;
head box means for supplying cellulose pulp to be treated directly onto said upper portion of said endless steel web;
liquid collection means arranged between said pair of end rolls for collecting liquid displaced from said cellulose pulp through said endless steel web as said endless web is driven by said drive roll relative to said liquid collection means, said liquid collection means having a substantially horizontally disposed surface arranged beneath and in direct contact with said upper portion of said perforated steel web;
liquid treatment means arranged above said upper portion of said web for supplying a treatment liquid to said cellulose pulp supplied onto said upper portion of said endless steel web as said steel web is driven by said drive roll;
means for applying a pressure differential across said upper portion of said web to force liquid from said cellulose pulp on said upper portion of said web through said endless steel web into said liquid collection means as said steel web is moved relative to said liquid collection means; and removal means for removing treated cellulose pulp from said steel web after said cellulose pulp has been subjected to said liquid treatment.
2. The liquid treatment apparatus of Claim 1 wherein said endless steel web is supported by said pair of spaced-apart end rolls and said liquid collection means arranged therebetween;
wherein said endless steel web includes a lower portion extending between said end rolls; and wherein said liquid treatment apparatus further includes means for adjusting the spacing between said end rolls to adjust the tension on said endless steel web and maintain said lower portion of said endless steel web substantially horizontally disposed.
wherein said endless steel web includes a lower portion extending between said end rolls; and wherein said liquid treatment apparatus further includes means for adjusting the spacing between said end rolls to adjust the tension on said endless steel web and maintain said lower portion of said endless steel web substantially horizontally disposed.
3. The liquid treatment apparatus of Claim 2 wherein the length of said horizontally disposed surface of said liquid collection means substantially corresponds to the spacing between said end roll.
4. The liquid treatment apparatus of Claim 3 further including means for pressing out liquid from said cellulose pulp after said liquid treatment, said means for pressing out liquid being arranged so as to cooperate with said steel web at its travel about one of said end rolls.
5. The apparatus of Claim 4 wherein said means for supplying said cellulose pulp is arranged adjacent to one of said end rolls for supplying cellulose pulp to be treated directly onto said upper portion of said endless steel web at a location substantially adjacent to said one of said end rolls.
6. The apparatus of Claim 1 wherein said liquid collection means comprises a plurality of vessels arranged between said pair of end rolls, said vessels each being arranged transversely of the longitudinal direction of movement of said endless web and said vessels collectively extending one after the other in said longitudinal direction of movement of said web, each of said vessels being provided with perforated covers in contact with said upper portion of said web.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE8306658-9 | 1983-12-02 | ||
| SE8306658A SE452344B (en) | 1983-12-02 | 1983-12-02 | DEVICE FOR CELLULOSAMASSA WASHING |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1265691A true CA1265691A (en) | 1990-02-13 |
Family
ID=20353557
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000469004A Expired - Fee Related CA1265691A (en) | 1983-12-02 | 1984-11-30 | Pulp washer |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0198825B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS61500558A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU575883B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1265691A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3483161D1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI76848C (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ210131A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE452344B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1985002424A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE444826B (en) * | 1984-09-17 | 1986-05-12 | Sunds Defibrator | DEVICE FOR LIQUID TREATMENT OF MASS |
| SE448890B (en) * | 1986-05-13 | 1987-03-23 | Sunds Defibrator | DEVICE FOR THE SUPPLY OF LIQUID IN TREATMENT OF PASS ON AN ENDLESS, CURRENT RANGE |
| AT394737B (en) * | 1989-07-03 | 1992-06-10 | Andritz Ag Maschf | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE TREATMENT, IN PARTICULAR LAUNDRY, OF FIBER FUEL-LIQUID MIXTURES |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH392239A (en) * | 1960-07-23 | 1965-05-15 | Heimbach Gmbh Thomas Josef | Filter web for sheet formation and for fabric drainage and drying in paper machines or the like |
| US3121660A (en) * | 1961-02-13 | 1964-02-18 | Jr Edward H Hall | Fourdrinier wire and method of making the same |
| FR1477603A (en) * | 1966-03-03 | 1967-04-21 | Endless belt for different machines in a plant for making paper, cardboard or other sheet products from pulp | |
| AU502276B2 (en) * | 1976-04-22 | 1979-07-19 | Rederiaktiebolag Et Nordstjernan | Dewatering press |
-
1983
- 1983-12-02 SE SE8306658A patent/SE452344B/en unknown
-
1984
- 1984-11-07 NZ NZ21013184A patent/NZ210131A/en unknown
- 1984-11-12 DE DE8484904213T patent/DE3483161D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1984-11-12 WO PCT/SE1984/000383 patent/WO1985002424A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1984-11-12 EP EP19840904213 patent/EP0198825B1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-11-12 AU AU36116/84A patent/AU575883B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1984-11-12 JP JP50416684A patent/JPS61500558A/en active Pending
- 1984-11-30 CA CA000469004A patent/CA1265691A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1985
- 1985-12-03 FI FI854787A patent/FI76848C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FI854787A (en) | 1985-12-03 |
| AU575883B2 (en) | 1988-08-11 |
| SE452344B (en) | 1987-11-23 |
| SE8306658L (en) | 1985-06-03 |
| NZ210131A (en) | 1986-07-11 |
| DE3483161D1 (en) | 1990-10-11 |
| EP0198825A1 (en) | 1986-10-29 |
| WO1985002424A1 (en) | 1985-06-06 |
| AU3611684A (en) | 1985-06-13 |
| JPS61500558A (en) | 1986-03-27 |
| FI76848B (en) | 1988-08-31 |
| FI76848C (en) | 1988-12-12 |
| FI854787A0 (en) | 1985-12-03 |
| SE8306658D0 (en) | 1983-12-02 |
| EP0198825B1 (en) | 1990-09-05 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKLA | Lapsed |