CA1242609A - Percussion fuse - Google Patents
Percussion fuseInfo
- Publication number
- CA1242609A CA1242609A CA000442879A CA442879A CA1242609A CA 1242609 A CA1242609 A CA 1242609A CA 000442879 A CA000442879 A CA 000442879A CA 442879 A CA442879 A CA 442879A CA 1242609 A CA1242609 A CA 1242609A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- firing pin
- detonator
- movable sleeve
- fuse
- spring
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
- F42C1/00—Impact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated only by ammunition impact
- F42C1/02—Impact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated only by ammunition impact with firing-pin structurally combined with fuze
- F42C1/04—Impact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated only by ammunition impact with firing-pin structurally combined with fuze operating by inertia of members on impact
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
- Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)
- Toys (AREA)
- Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A percussion fuse for projectiles to give deep penetration in soft or hard targets, for example snow or concrete walls, before detonation. To ensure that the fuse responds before deformation of the projectile body on impact it has a mechanism initiated on impact which after a delay releases the firing pin in turn propelled on to the detonator by inertial force.
A percussion fuse for projectiles to give deep penetration in soft or hard targets, for example snow or concrete walls, before detonation. To ensure that the fuse responds before deformation of the projectile body on impact it has a mechanism initiated on impact which after a delay releases the firing pin in turn propelled on to the detonator by inertial force.
Description
~.Z~l26(~9 The invention relates to a percussion fuse supplying a selected delay when the projectile containing it impacts on its target~
The fuse is of ~he type in which a firing pln is Eorced into contact with a detonator. Centrifugal retaining members contained in the fusejblock the firing pin from advancing towards the detonator until impact occurs. A
movable sleeve in the fuse holds the firing pin steady and a biasing spring keeps the movable sleeve in its rearmost position until impact.
In known types of percussion fuse, see for example Swiss Patent 623,40&, a mechanicàl delay is provided so that a projectile can penetrate as deeply as possible into the target. A similar result is achieved in Swiss Patent 352,593 which discloses the use of a firing pin supported directly by a relatively weak safety spring to hold it in the safety position during flight. Because the spring is weak as soon as the projectile using this type of fuse penetrates soft earth or snow the deacceleration of the projectile is so small that the forward movement of the firing pin occurs at a slow speed and may result in miss-ignition.
The present application provides a percussion fuse in which the firing pin is held back while the projectile penetrates soft earth or snow and the delay mechanism start~
only when the projectile hits harder ground. The delay mechanism is such that the firing pin impacts on the detonator with a speed great enough to ensure reliable detonation.
I Zl ~
~z~26~9 The present invention provides the further feature that should the detonator not be ignited the resulting dud shell can be handled safely. These features are achieved by providing a structure so that it is only the inertial forces acting on the firing pin which provide the resulting detonation.
The present invention relates to a percussion fuse comprising a detonator, a firing pin receiving a longitudinally extending safety bolt in a recess at its rearward end, a movable sleeve, a spring having one end bearing against the fuse casing and the other against the movable sleeve to bias it rearwardly, centrifugal retaining members positioned in a transverse recess in the firing pin adapted to abut on one side a smooth surface of the safety bolt and on the other side a shoulder formed on the movable sleeve, the movable sleeve and the firing pin advancing together by the effect of inertial forces, whereby on impact the movable sleeve advances by compression of the spring, the centrigual retaining members retract and the firing pin is forced into contact with the detonator by inertial forces.
The distinction of the fuse according to this invention from previously known fuses is in the use of a substantially strong spring which causes the firing pin to be held away from the detonator in the case of a dud shell.
The system can be used with an instantaneous fuse detonator as well as a delayed action pyrotecnic delayed fuse. In the latter case the fuse is provided with a device to block the instantaneous fuse system.
A detailed example of the percussion fuse of this invention will now be described in conjunction with the following drawings in which l.Z~ `9 ~ Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of the fuse before - ~ the firing of the projectile, Figure 2 is the same section of the pe~rcussion fuse after impact on the -target, and ELgure 3 ;s the salne section of the f~lse showing impact of the firing pin on the detonator.
The percussion fuse of the invention has a casing 10 having a bore 11 communicating with a channel 12. A slidable detonator member 13 is positioned in channel 12 and, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, contains~a detonator 14. The detonator is of a known type consisting of a capsule of an ~mpact-sensitive material. The capsule has an opening 17 through which a firing pin 18 can puncture the detonator.
; The slidable detonator member 13 can be displaced from its unarmed or safety position, in which the detonator is outside the path of firing pin 18, to its armed or live position in which detonator 14 is located in the path of firing pin 18. Figure 1 shows the safety position and Figures 2 and 3 the armed or live position. A movable sieeve 19 is located in bore 11 of housing 10. A shown in Figure l t in the safety position of the slidable detonator member 13, sleeve 19 has lts front end abutting against member 13 and its other end abutting on a flange 20. Flange 20 is formed with an internally extending bolt 21 and abuts on a shoulder 22 of bore 11, being retained in that position by inwardly directed segments 23 of the casing~ Thus, movable sleeve 19 is secured against any displacement while the mechanism is in the safety position. Once the slidable detonator member 13 ~ ~ lZ'~ 9 is in its armed or live position movable sleeve 19 can advance against the return force of a strong spring 24 as shown in Figures 2 and:3. In the furthest forward position of sleeve 19 a shoulder 25 formed on it abuts on a ring 26 held in casing lO.
A displaceable firing pin 18 is located in sleeve 19 and has at its base a lengthwise bore to accommodate bolt 21 and a transverse bore to accommodate a pair of spherical members 29. As shown in Figure 1 in the safety position of slidable member 13 sleeve l9 is prevented from forward movement by sphericai members 29 engaging an inwardly directed circuIar shoulder 30. As can also be seen from Figure 1 the sleeve canno-t move in the opposite direction since it abuts against flange 20.
The center portion of firing pin 18 is formed with a cylindrical shoulder 31 adapted to engage a corresponding shoulder 32 formed in movable sleeve l9. The fuse is so dimensioned that when the tip of the firing pin penetrates detonator 14 shoulder 31 engages with shoulder 32.
The sequence of operation of the apparatus will now 1'. be described, The fuse is located in the head of a projectile such as a shell or bullet and when the projectile . ~, is fired the slidable detonator member 13 is moved from its safety position shown in Figure 1 to its armed or live position as shown in Figures 2 and 3. This movement is caused either by rotatlon o the projectlle or by a spring. ~ :~
During the flight of the projectile through the air before it reaches its target movable sleeve 19 is held in its furthest back position by the relatively strong spring 24. This, 'L2~Z6~9 in turn, by reason of bolt 21 acting on spherical rnembers 29 prevents the firing pin 18 from moving forward. Thus, as lonq as movable sleeve 19 is fully held back by the strength of spring 24 the firing pin cannot move. When the projectile impacts on its target the resulting retardation reaches an amount at which the inertia of movable sleeve 19 and firing pin 18 overcomes the force of spring 24 and moves forward. At this stage the material force of firing pin 18 acts forwardly on sleeve 19 by reason of members 29 engaging shoulders 30.
The delay in this forward movement occurring is proportional to the force exerted by spring 24. Once movable sleeve 19 moves forward the firing pin is correspondingly free to move, as spherical members 29 can move inwardly on contact with shoulder 30 since the blocking action oE bolt 21 is now removed. The firing pin is thus released to move forward relatively to sleeve 19 and the tip impacts on detonator 14.
If, for any reason, detonator 1~ is not -then ignited and the projectile retardation has ceased, spring 24 returns movable sleeve 19 to its original position, that is referring to E'igure 3, movable sleeve 19 can be pushed back a distance a, The resulting movement is transferred from shoulder 32 of sleeve 19 to shoulder 31 of the firing pin 18 which will correspondlngly be retracted by the distance a. Thus, aftPr ; the effect of the lnertlal delay upon lmpact has flnished firing pin 18 can no longer impact on detonator 14. Since a relatively strong spring 24 is used to provide the required impact delay~ even though the firing pin is no longer secured by the spherical members 29 as shown in Figure 1, it is nevertheless not able to penetrate the detonator and the fuse is thus secured against misfire~
5~
The fuse is of ~he type in which a firing pln is Eorced into contact with a detonator. Centrifugal retaining members contained in the fusejblock the firing pin from advancing towards the detonator until impact occurs. A
movable sleeve in the fuse holds the firing pin steady and a biasing spring keeps the movable sleeve in its rearmost position until impact.
In known types of percussion fuse, see for example Swiss Patent 623,40&, a mechanicàl delay is provided so that a projectile can penetrate as deeply as possible into the target. A similar result is achieved in Swiss Patent 352,593 which discloses the use of a firing pin supported directly by a relatively weak safety spring to hold it in the safety position during flight. Because the spring is weak as soon as the projectile using this type of fuse penetrates soft earth or snow the deacceleration of the projectile is so small that the forward movement of the firing pin occurs at a slow speed and may result in miss-ignition.
The present application provides a percussion fuse in which the firing pin is held back while the projectile penetrates soft earth or snow and the delay mechanism start~
only when the projectile hits harder ground. The delay mechanism is such that the firing pin impacts on the detonator with a speed great enough to ensure reliable detonation.
I Zl ~
~z~26~9 The present invention provides the further feature that should the detonator not be ignited the resulting dud shell can be handled safely. These features are achieved by providing a structure so that it is only the inertial forces acting on the firing pin which provide the resulting detonation.
The present invention relates to a percussion fuse comprising a detonator, a firing pin receiving a longitudinally extending safety bolt in a recess at its rearward end, a movable sleeve, a spring having one end bearing against the fuse casing and the other against the movable sleeve to bias it rearwardly, centrifugal retaining members positioned in a transverse recess in the firing pin adapted to abut on one side a smooth surface of the safety bolt and on the other side a shoulder formed on the movable sleeve, the movable sleeve and the firing pin advancing together by the effect of inertial forces, whereby on impact the movable sleeve advances by compression of the spring, the centrigual retaining members retract and the firing pin is forced into contact with the detonator by inertial forces.
The distinction of the fuse according to this invention from previously known fuses is in the use of a substantially strong spring which causes the firing pin to be held away from the detonator in the case of a dud shell.
The system can be used with an instantaneous fuse detonator as well as a delayed action pyrotecnic delayed fuse. In the latter case the fuse is provided with a device to block the instantaneous fuse system.
A detailed example of the percussion fuse of this invention will now be described in conjunction with the following drawings in which l.Z~ `9 ~ Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of the fuse before - ~ the firing of the projectile, Figure 2 is the same section of the pe~rcussion fuse after impact on the -target, and ELgure 3 ;s the salne section of the f~lse showing impact of the firing pin on the detonator.
The percussion fuse of the invention has a casing 10 having a bore 11 communicating with a channel 12. A slidable detonator member 13 is positioned in channel 12 and, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, contains~a detonator 14. The detonator is of a known type consisting of a capsule of an ~mpact-sensitive material. The capsule has an opening 17 through which a firing pin 18 can puncture the detonator.
; The slidable detonator member 13 can be displaced from its unarmed or safety position, in which the detonator is outside the path of firing pin 18, to its armed or live position in which detonator 14 is located in the path of firing pin 18. Figure 1 shows the safety position and Figures 2 and 3 the armed or live position. A movable sieeve 19 is located in bore 11 of housing 10. A shown in Figure l t in the safety position of the slidable detonator member 13, sleeve 19 has lts front end abutting against member 13 and its other end abutting on a flange 20. Flange 20 is formed with an internally extending bolt 21 and abuts on a shoulder 22 of bore 11, being retained in that position by inwardly directed segments 23 of the casing~ Thus, movable sleeve 19 is secured against any displacement while the mechanism is in the safety position. Once the slidable detonator member 13 ~ ~ lZ'~ 9 is in its armed or live position movable sleeve 19 can advance against the return force of a strong spring 24 as shown in Figures 2 and:3. In the furthest forward position of sleeve 19 a shoulder 25 formed on it abuts on a ring 26 held in casing lO.
A displaceable firing pin 18 is located in sleeve 19 and has at its base a lengthwise bore to accommodate bolt 21 and a transverse bore to accommodate a pair of spherical members 29. As shown in Figure 1 in the safety position of slidable member 13 sleeve l9 is prevented from forward movement by sphericai members 29 engaging an inwardly directed circuIar shoulder 30. As can also be seen from Figure 1 the sleeve canno-t move in the opposite direction since it abuts against flange 20.
The center portion of firing pin 18 is formed with a cylindrical shoulder 31 adapted to engage a corresponding shoulder 32 formed in movable sleeve l9. The fuse is so dimensioned that when the tip of the firing pin penetrates detonator 14 shoulder 31 engages with shoulder 32.
The sequence of operation of the apparatus will now 1'. be described, The fuse is located in the head of a projectile such as a shell or bullet and when the projectile . ~, is fired the slidable detonator member 13 is moved from its safety position shown in Figure 1 to its armed or live position as shown in Figures 2 and 3. This movement is caused either by rotatlon o the projectlle or by a spring. ~ :~
During the flight of the projectile through the air before it reaches its target movable sleeve 19 is held in its furthest back position by the relatively strong spring 24. This, 'L2~Z6~9 in turn, by reason of bolt 21 acting on spherical rnembers 29 prevents the firing pin 18 from moving forward. Thus, as lonq as movable sleeve 19 is fully held back by the strength of spring 24 the firing pin cannot move. When the projectile impacts on its target the resulting retardation reaches an amount at which the inertia of movable sleeve 19 and firing pin 18 overcomes the force of spring 24 and moves forward. At this stage the material force of firing pin 18 acts forwardly on sleeve 19 by reason of members 29 engaging shoulders 30.
The delay in this forward movement occurring is proportional to the force exerted by spring 24. Once movable sleeve 19 moves forward the firing pin is correspondingly free to move, as spherical members 29 can move inwardly on contact with shoulder 30 since the blocking action oE bolt 21 is now removed. The firing pin is thus released to move forward relatively to sleeve 19 and the tip impacts on detonator 14.
If, for any reason, detonator 1~ is not -then ignited and the projectile retardation has ceased, spring 24 returns movable sleeve 19 to its original position, that is referring to E'igure 3, movable sleeve 19 can be pushed back a distance a, The resulting movement is transferred from shoulder 32 of sleeve 19 to shoulder 31 of the firing pin 18 which will correspondlngly be retracted by the distance a. Thus, aftPr ; the effect of the lnertlal delay upon lmpact has flnished firing pin 18 can no longer impact on detonator 14. Since a relatively strong spring 24 is used to provide the required impact delay~ even though the firing pin is no longer secured by the spherical members 29 as shown in Figure 1, it is nevertheless not able to penetrate the detonator and the fuse is thus secured against misfire~
5~
Claims
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A percussion fuse comprising: a detonator (14); a firing pin (18) receiving a longitudinally extending safety bolt (21) in a recess (27) at its rearward end; a movable sleeve (19); a spring (24) having one end bearing against the fuse casing (10) and the other end against the movable sleeve (19) to bias it rearwardly; centrifugal retaining members (29) positioned in a transverse recess (28) in the firing pin (18) and adapted to abut on one side a smooth surface of the safety bolt (21) and on the other side a shoulder (30) formed on the movable sleeve (19);
the movable sleeve (19) and the firing pin (18) advancing together by the effect of inertial forces; whereby on impact the movable sleeve (19) advances against compression of the spring (24), the centrifugal retaining members (29) retract and the firing pin (18) is forced into contact with the detonator (14) by inertial forces.
the movable sleeve (19) and the firing pin (18) advancing together by the effect of inertial forces; whereby on impact the movable sleeve (19) advances against compression of the spring (24), the centrifugal retaining members (29) retract and the firing pin (18) is forced into contact with the detonator (14) by inertial forces.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH7207/82-0 | 1982-12-10 | ||
CH720782 | 1982-12-10 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA1242609A true CA1242609A (en) | 1988-10-04 |
Family
ID=4321549
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA000442879A Expired CA1242609A (en) | 1982-12-10 | 1983-12-08 | Percussion fuse |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0111198B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE23634T1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA1242609A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3367673D1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3535854A1 (en) * | 1985-10-08 | 1987-04-09 | Diehl Gmbh & Co | HIT WITH A IGNITION CAPSULE |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL22031C (en) * | 1923-10-25 | |||
US3425351A (en) * | 1954-12-21 | 1969-02-04 | Us Army | Setback-responsive igniter for ordnance projectiles |
NL236971A (en) * | 1958-03-28 |
-
1983
- 1983-11-21 DE DE8383111613T patent/DE3367673D1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-11-21 EP EP83111613A patent/EP0111198B1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-11-21 AT AT83111613T patent/ATE23634T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-12-08 CA CA000442879A patent/CA1242609A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0111198A2 (en) | 1984-06-20 |
EP0111198B1 (en) | 1986-11-12 |
EP0111198A3 (en) | 1984-09-12 |
DE3367673D1 (en) | 1987-01-02 |
ATE23634T1 (en) | 1986-11-15 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
MKEX | Expiry |