CA1240381A - Transient gas turbine engine bleed control - Google Patents
Transient gas turbine engine bleed controlInfo
- Publication number
- CA1240381A CA1240381A CA000490234A CA490234A CA1240381A CA 1240381 A CA1240381 A CA 1240381A CA 000490234 A CA000490234 A CA 000490234A CA 490234 A CA490234 A CA 490234A CA 1240381 A CA1240381 A CA 1240381A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- signal
- engine
- burner
- gas turbine
- compressor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C9/00—Controlling gas-turbine plants; Controlling fuel supply in air- breathing jet-propulsion plants
- F02C9/16—Control of working fluid flow
- F02C9/18—Control of working fluid flow by bleeding, bypassing or acting on variable working fluid interconnections between turbines or compressors or their stages
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04D27/02—Surge control
- F04D27/0207—Surge control by bleeding, bypassing or recycling fluids
- F04D27/0223—Control schemes therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04D27/02—Surge control
- F04D27/0207—Surge control by bleeding, bypassing or recycling fluids
- F04D27/023—Details or means for fluid extraction
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2200/00—Mathematical features
- F05D2200/10—Basic functions
- F05D2200/11—Sum
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Control Of Positive-Displacement Air Blowers (AREA)
- Compressor (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract Transient Gas Turbine Engine Bleed Control Flexibility in the control of the compressor bleed valve is of the type utilized in a twin spool axial flow engine for preventing compressor surge is manifested by electronically summing an approximated burner pressure that has a first order time constant introduced to actual burner pressure and a burner pressure limit that is scheduled as a function of corrected high pressure compressor speed and the altitude of the aircraft. The signal may be treated by a hysteresis circuit to stabilize the bleed valve.
Description
oily Description Transient Gas Turbine Gino Bleed Control Technical Field This invention relates to gas turbine engines and particularly to means for controlling the compressor bleed valves during transient engine operations.
Background Art As is well known, it has been desirable to operate the engine close to the engine's surge line in order to achieve transient as photo as possible.
Obviously, excursions beyond the surge line cannot be tolerated inasmuch a surge can result in catastrophic condition. Typically, engine control for gay turn brine engine have built-in safety measures to prevent the engine from going into urge. These controls would generally monitor certain engine parameters and by an open-looped schedule account for the surge characteristics of the particular engine for which it was designed.
Also well known is that the industry has seen attempt to take advantage of opening the compressor bleed during transient conditions to achieve a faster response and operate closer to the urge line. An example of such a stem is disclosed in US. Patent No. 3,006,145 granted to A. J. sober on October 31, 1961. However, in such a control mode it it .
exceedingly important to be able to ascertain when a EYE
- \
given rate has been exceeded which is not attainable by the prior art controls as disclosed in the above-noted patent.
Disclosure of Invention A feature of this invention is to electronically produce a signal for controlling the compressor bleeds of a twin spool gas turbine engine during engine transients by ascertaining when the rate of change with respect to time has exceeded a predetermined value, This invention contemplates comparing a signal indicative of an approximation of the time derivative of pressure of the burner with a schedule rate of change of pressure of the burner for providing a limit value which is calculated as a function of corrected high pressure compressor speed and altitude of the aircraft being powered by the engine. A still further feature of this invention is to apply a hysteresis value to the output signal to prevent cycling of the bleed valve.
Other features and advantages will be apparent from the specification and claims and from the accompanying drawings which illustrate an embodiment of the invention.
Brief Description of Drawings The sole Figure is a box diagram schematically illustrating an electronic network for carrying out this invention.
Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention While this invention in its preferred embodiment is utilized to control the transients of thy turbine I
engine for opening and closing the compressor bleed valves as will be apparent to one skilled in the art, this invention has application for other control modes. Fox example, this invention contemplates approximating a derivative of the measured variable, as will be apparent the same technique can be applied to other variables where it is desired to utilize the derivative of those variables and the actual camp-station of the derivative value is not desired.
As noted from the sole figure, the invention is utilized for a twin spool gas turbine engine, as fox example, the POW manufactured by Pratt & Whitney Aircraft of United Technologies Corporation, the same assignee as this patent application, identified by the - 15 reference numeral 10. For an understanding of this invention, it is sufficient to appreciate that the engine is of the twin spool type having a high pies-sure compressor 12 and low pressure compressor 13.
Suitable bleed valve 16 serves to dump compressor air to unload the compressor during certain engine opera-lions as will be appreciated from the description to follow. The burner 20 serves to accelerate the compressed air in the well known manner by combustion of fuel so as to develop the necessary thrust to operate the compressors and generate the power for powering the aircraft.
The bleed valve 16 as is typical in these types of engines are automatically opened during certain engine operation and the control thereof is generally done by the electronic fuel control. In the POW the control is the electronic control Model Number EKE
manufactured by Hamilton Standard Division of United -~2~(~3~L
Technologies Corporation, the assignee common to this patent application. The purpose of this invention is to add additional control modes that will make the control more versatile than it was heretofore.
To this end, the circuitry generates a Pub signal that approximates the time derivative of the burner pressure. This is accomplished by sensing the burner pressure that is applied to the electronic filter 32 that applies a fixed time constant applied via the line 34 and simultaneously to the summer 36. The output of summer 36 which is the difference between the burner pressure and the first order time constant established by filter 32 is divided by divider 38 to produce the approximate time derivative of the pros-sure of the burner (Pub).
This value (Pub) is then compared with a scheduledPb signal in summer 42 that is derived by generating a schedule as a function corrected high pressure come presser speed and engine inlet temperature and air-plane altitude. Function generator 39 receives signal indicative of corrected high pressure compressor speed No To from the output of the calculator 40 that responds to high pressure come presser speed (No) and engine inlet temperature (To).
The speed signal is corrected in the accepted manner by relating absolute ambient temperature to standard ambient temperature. The signal generated from the function generator 40 is then multiplied by actual compressor inlet pressure (Pi) by the multiplier 44 to produce the Pub limit signal. This schedule is then applied to summer 42 and compared with the approxi-mated time derivative of Pub (Pub) and produces an error ~2~03~1 signal which is indicative of the detected transient.
The signal may be either used to cause the bleed valve 16 to go open or closed. So as to assure that the bleed valve 16 doesn't oscillate and become unstable the output of the summer 42 is applied to a suitable hysteresis circuit before being transmitted to the selector circuit 48.
It should be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments shown and described herein, but that various changes and modify-cations may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of this novel concept as defined by the following claims.
Background Art As is well known, it has been desirable to operate the engine close to the engine's surge line in order to achieve transient as photo as possible.
Obviously, excursions beyond the surge line cannot be tolerated inasmuch a surge can result in catastrophic condition. Typically, engine control for gay turn brine engine have built-in safety measures to prevent the engine from going into urge. These controls would generally monitor certain engine parameters and by an open-looped schedule account for the surge characteristics of the particular engine for which it was designed.
Also well known is that the industry has seen attempt to take advantage of opening the compressor bleed during transient conditions to achieve a faster response and operate closer to the urge line. An example of such a stem is disclosed in US. Patent No. 3,006,145 granted to A. J. sober on October 31, 1961. However, in such a control mode it it .
exceedingly important to be able to ascertain when a EYE
- \
given rate has been exceeded which is not attainable by the prior art controls as disclosed in the above-noted patent.
Disclosure of Invention A feature of this invention is to electronically produce a signal for controlling the compressor bleeds of a twin spool gas turbine engine during engine transients by ascertaining when the rate of change with respect to time has exceeded a predetermined value, This invention contemplates comparing a signal indicative of an approximation of the time derivative of pressure of the burner with a schedule rate of change of pressure of the burner for providing a limit value which is calculated as a function of corrected high pressure compressor speed and altitude of the aircraft being powered by the engine. A still further feature of this invention is to apply a hysteresis value to the output signal to prevent cycling of the bleed valve.
Other features and advantages will be apparent from the specification and claims and from the accompanying drawings which illustrate an embodiment of the invention.
Brief Description of Drawings The sole Figure is a box diagram schematically illustrating an electronic network for carrying out this invention.
Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention While this invention in its preferred embodiment is utilized to control the transients of thy turbine I
engine for opening and closing the compressor bleed valves as will be apparent to one skilled in the art, this invention has application for other control modes. Fox example, this invention contemplates approximating a derivative of the measured variable, as will be apparent the same technique can be applied to other variables where it is desired to utilize the derivative of those variables and the actual camp-station of the derivative value is not desired.
As noted from the sole figure, the invention is utilized for a twin spool gas turbine engine, as fox example, the POW manufactured by Pratt & Whitney Aircraft of United Technologies Corporation, the same assignee as this patent application, identified by the - 15 reference numeral 10. For an understanding of this invention, it is sufficient to appreciate that the engine is of the twin spool type having a high pies-sure compressor 12 and low pressure compressor 13.
Suitable bleed valve 16 serves to dump compressor air to unload the compressor during certain engine opera-lions as will be appreciated from the description to follow. The burner 20 serves to accelerate the compressed air in the well known manner by combustion of fuel so as to develop the necessary thrust to operate the compressors and generate the power for powering the aircraft.
The bleed valve 16 as is typical in these types of engines are automatically opened during certain engine operation and the control thereof is generally done by the electronic fuel control. In the POW the control is the electronic control Model Number EKE
manufactured by Hamilton Standard Division of United -~2~(~3~L
Technologies Corporation, the assignee common to this patent application. The purpose of this invention is to add additional control modes that will make the control more versatile than it was heretofore.
To this end, the circuitry generates a Pub signal that approximates the time derivative of the burner pressure. This is accomplished by sensing the burner pressure that is applied to the electronic filter 32 that applies a fixed time constant applied via the line 34 and simultaneously to the summer 36. The output of summer 36 which is the difference between the burner pressure and the first order time constant established by filter 32 is divided by divider 38 to produce the approximate time derivative of the pros-sure of the burner (Pub).
This value (Pub) is then compared with a scheduledPb signal in summer 42 that is derived by generating a schedule as a function corrected high pressure come presser speed and engine inlet temperature and air-plane altitude. Function generator 39 receives signal indicative of corrected high pressure compressor speed No To from the output of the calculator 40 that responds to high pressure come presser speed (No) and engine inlet temperature (To).
The speed signal is corrected in the accepted manner by relating absolute ambient temperature to standard ambient temperature. The signal generated from the function generator 40 is then multiplied by actual compressor inlet pressure (Pi) by the multiplier 44 to produce the Pub limit signal. This schedule is then applied to summer 42 and compared with the approxi-mated time derivative of Pub (Pub) and produces an error ~2~03~1 signal which is indicative of the detected transient.
The signal may be either used to cause the bleed valve 16 to go open or closed. So as to assure that the bleed valve 16 doesn't oscillate and become unstable the output of the summer 42 is applied to a suitable hysteresis circuit before being transmitted to the selector circuit 48.
It should be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments shown and described herein, but that various changes and modify-cations may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of this novel concept as defined by the following claims.
Claims (2)
1. For a gas turbine twin spool engine having a high pressure compressor, low pressure compressor and a burner for powering aircraft, a bleed valve and con-trol for opening said bleed to discharge compressor air to prevent surge, means for opening or closing said bleed valve during engine transients to operate said engine close to its surge line, said means including:
means responsive to the first order time con-stant of burner pressure to produce a first signal indicative of an approximate rate of change of the burner pressure, means responsive to corrected high pressure compressor speed and altitude for generating a schedule indicative of the limits of the rate of change of burner pressure for producing a second signal, and means responsive to the difference of said first signal and said second for controlling said bleed valve upon exceeding a predetermined value.
means responsive to the first order time con-stant of burner pressure to produce a first signal indicative of an approximate rate of change of the burner pressure, means responsive to corrected high pressure compressor speed and altitude for generating a schedule indicative of the limits of the rate of change of burner pressure for producing a second signal, and means responsive to the difference of said first signal and said second for controlling said bleed valve upon exceeding a predetermined value.
2. For a gas turbine twin spool engine as in claim 1 including a hysteresis circuit for imparting a hysteresis value to said control signal responsive to the difference between said first signal and said second signal.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US683,886 | 1984-12-20 | ||
| US06/683,886 US4655034A (en) | 1984-12-20 | 1984-12-20 | Transient gas turbine engine bleed control |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1240381A true CA1240381A (en) | 1988-08-09 |
Family
ID=24745865
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000490234A Expired CA1240381A (en) | 1984-12-20 | 1985-09-09 | Transient gas turbine engine bleed control |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4655034A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0187114B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS61149530A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1240381A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3578345D1 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL76568A (en) |
Families Citing this family (26)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4756152A (en) * | 1986-12-08 | 1988-07-12 | United Technologies Corporation | Control for bleed modulation during engine deceleration |
| US4894782A (en) * | 1987-12-18 | 1990-01-16 | United Technologies Corporation | Diagnostic system for determining engine start bleed strap failure |
| US5136841A (en) * | 1989-02-27 | 1992-08-11 | Zimmerman Ward H | Aircraft propulsion control system |
| US5044155A (en) * | 1989-02-27 | 1991-09-03 | The Boeing Company | Aircraft propulsion control system |
| US5012637A (en) * | 1989-04-13 | 1991-05-07 | General Electric Company | Method and apparatus for detecting stalls |
| USRE34388E (en) * | 1989-04-13 | 1993-09-28 | General Electric Company | Method and apparatus for detecting stalls |
| US4991389A (en) * | 1989-04-21 | 1991-02-12 | United Technologies Corporation | Bleed modulation for transient engine operation |
| GB2273316B (en) * | 1992-12-12 | 1996-02-28 | Rolls Royce Plc | Bleed valve control |
| DE19740227C2 (en) * | 1997-09-12 | 2003-07-03 | Rolls Royce Deutschland | Device and method for controlling the degree of opening of a relief valve |
| US6141951A (en) * | 1998-08-18 | 2000-11-07 | United Technologies Corporation | Control system for modulating bleed in response to engine usage |
| US6513333B2 (en) * | 2000-05-25 | 2003-02-04 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Surge detection system of gas turbine aeroengine |
| US6463730B1 (en) * | 2000-07-12 | 2002-10-15 | Honeywell Power Systems Inc. | Valve control logic for gas turbine recuperator |
| US6481210B1 (en) | 2001-05-16 | 2002-11-19 | Honeywell International, Inc. | Smart surge bleed valve system and method |
| US6934619B2 (en) * | 2003-10-06 | 2005-08-23 | International Engine Intellectual Property Company, Llc | Engine transient detection and control strategy |
| US20050193739A1 (en) * | 2004-03-02 | 2005-09-08 | General Electric Company | Model-based control systems and methods for gas turbine engines |
| DE102004015090A1 (en) * | 2004-03-25 | 2005-11-03 | Hüttinger Elektronik Gmbh + Co. Kg | Arc discharge detection device |
| US7762084B2 (en) * | 2004-11-12 | 2010-07-27 | Rolls-Royce Canada, Ltd. | System and method for controlling the working line position in a gas turbine engine compressor |
| US7762078B2 (en) * | 2006-09-13 | 2010-07-27 | Aerojet-General Corporation | Nozzle with temperature-responsive throat diameter |
| US8302405B2 (en) * | 2006-10-13 | 2012-11-06 | Rolls-Royce Power Engineering Plc | Dynamic control of a gas turbine engine compressor during rapid transients |
| US7850419B2 (en) * | 2006-11-30 | 2010-12-14 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Bleed valve actuating system for a gas turbine engine |
| GB0813413D0 (en) * | 2008-07-23 | 2008-08-27 | Rolls Royce Plc | A compressor variable stator vane arrangement |
| US9200572B2 (en) | 2012-09-13 | 2015-12-01 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Compressor surge prevention digital system |
| US9228501B2 (en) * | 2012-12-14 | 2016-01-05 | Solar Turbines Incorporated | Bleed valve override schedule on off-load transients |
| EP2971700B1 (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2019-12-25 | United Technologies Corporation | Pressure sensor noise filter prior to surge detection for a gas turbine engine |
| GB201319563D0 (en) * | 2013-11-06 | 2013-12-18 | Rolls Royce Plc | Pneumatic system for an aircraft |
| CN112443508B (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2022-04-08 | 中国航发商用航空发动机有限责任公司 | Surge detection method and system for turbofan engine |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3006145A (en) * | 1959-10-14 | 1961-10-31 | Gen Motors Corp | Antisurge control using compressor bleed |
| US3852958A (en) * | 1973-09-28 | 1974-12-10 | Gen Electric | Stall protector system for a gas turbine engine |
| US4060980A (en) * | 1975-11-19 | 1977-12-06 | United Technologies Corporation | Stall detector for a gas turbine engine |
| US4117668A (en) * | 1975-11-19 | 1978-10-03 | United Technologies Corporation | Stall detector for gas turbine engine |
| US4164034A (en) * | 1977-09-14 | 1979-08-07 | Sundstrand Corporation | Compressor surge control with pressure rate of change control |
-
1984
- 1984-12-20 US US06/683,886 patent/US4655034A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1985
- 1985-09-09 CA CA000490234A patent/CA1240381A/en not_active Expired
- 1985-10-04 IL IL76568A patent/IL76568A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-10-29 JP JP60242576A patent/JPS61149530A/en active Granted
- 1985-10-31 EP EP85630179A patent/EP0187114B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1985-10-31 DE DE8585630179T patent/DE3578345D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0580578B2 (en) | 1993-11-09 |
| US4655034A (en) | 1987-04-07 |
| IL76568A0 (en) | 1986-02-28 |
| JPS61149530A (en) | 1986-07-08 |
| DE3578345D1 (en) | 1990-07-26 |
| EP0187114B1 (en) | 1990-06-20 |
| EP0187114A2 (en) | 1986-07-09 |
| EP0187114A3 (en) | 1987-05-06 |
| IL76568A (en) | 1991-01-31 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |