CA1188511A - Embroidered transfer and method of making same - Google Patents
Embroidered transfer and method of making sameInfo
- Publication number
- CA1188511A CA1188511A CA000435217A CA435217A CA1188511A CA 1188511 A CA1188511 A CA 1188511A CA 000435217 A CA000435217 A CA 000435217A CA 435217 A CA435217 A CA 435217A CA 1188511 A CA1188511 A CA 1188511A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- pattern
- thread
- accordance
- embroidered
- portions
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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- Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure The embroidered transfer includes a pattern embroidered with thread of one color on a substrate in a manner so that a portion of the pattern is sculptured.
The pattern is at least in part colored and outlined by transfer printing a dye stuff onto the pattern in regi-stration therewith on the warp side of the pattern. Ad-hesive is applied to the shuttle side of the pattern.
The pattern is at least in part colored and outlined by transfer printing a dye stuff onto the pattern in regi-stration therewith on the warp side of the pattern. Ad-hesive is applied to the shuttle side of the pattern.
Description
8S~
EMBROIDERED TRANSFER AND
METHOD OF MAKING ~AME
Background of the Invention Embroidered transfers are generally made by stitching a pattern with different colored threads onto a substrate. Each time the color of the th-reads is changed, the apparatus must be shut down. The shut down time when changing from one color thread to another is generally approximately 45 minutes. When an embroidered transfer is comprised of a large number of colors, such as ,~ive or six colors, i~ would be appreciated that the apparatus downtime takes several hours, Summary of the Invention _ __ _ The embroidered transfer of the present invention has a pattern embroidered with thread of one color so that at least a portion of the pattern is sculptured on the warp side thereof. At least a portion of the embroidered pattern is printed with at least two colors on the warp side, An adhesi.ve is provided on the shuttle side of the embroidered pattern if desired.
~ ,.,. .~;.,, 5~
The pattern of the present invention is preferably made by embroidering a pattern with a synthetic white thread on a substrate in a manner so that a portion of the pattern is sculptured. A transfer print is provided on paper with a dye stuff of at least two different colors and wherein t4e dye stuff will transfer by sublimation under heat and pressure or vacuum. The print is registered with the pattern and ~hen color is printed onto the pattern while applying heat and pressure or vacuum. Different colors of the print are regis-tered with mating portions of the sculptured pattern~ Anadhesive is applied to the shuttle side of the pattern if desired.
It is an object of the present invention to provide multi.-colored embroidered patterns having a sculptured effect and wherein the pattern is more vivid and delineated while being less expensive than embroidered transfers proposed heretofore.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a multi-colored embroidered pattern which is made in a manner which minimi.zes downtime and minimizes the number of persons needed to produce the embroidered transfer.
Other objects will appear hereinafter.
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of making an embroidered transfer or emblem, comprising the steps of embroidering a pattern on a portion of a substrate while using thread of a single color and in an amount so that a portion of the pattern is sculptured by having a greater thickness than another portion of the pattern, separating the pattern and its associated substrate portion from the remainder of the substrate, providing a transfer print on paper with a dye stuff of at least two different colors and capable of subliming under he~t and pressure or vacuum, reaistering portions of the print ~ith .~' s~
mating portions of said pattern, and transferring color from said print as a gas to the warp side of the pattern while applying sufficient heat to sublime said dye stuff.
In accordance with a further aspect of the present invention there is provided an embroidered transfer emblem comprising an embroidered pattern on one side of a substrate whose size corresponds to the size of the pattern with thread of a single color, portions of the pattern having a sculptured effect by an increased number of thread stitches, at least two colors of dye stuff printed on the thread stitches defining said portions and on other portions of the pattern, said colors being in registry with sculptured portions of said pattern with at least one of said printed portions including printing out lining a configuration on a portion of said pattern, and said colors beiny printed on the warp side of said pattern.
Erief Description of the Drawin~s For the purpose of illustrating the invention, there 18 shown in the drawings a form which is presently preferred;
it beiny understood, however, that this invention is not
EMBROIDERED TRANSFER AND
METHOD OF MAKING ~AME
Background of the Invention Embroidered transfers are generally made by stitching a pattern with different colored threads onto a substrate. Each time the color of the th-reads is changed, the apparatus must be shut down. The shut down time when changing from one color thread to another is generally approximately 45 minutes. When an embroidered transfer is comprised of a large number of colors, such as ,~ive or six colors, i~ would be appreciated that the apparatus downtime takes several hours, Summary of the Invention _ __ _ The embroidered transfer of the present invention has a pattern embroidered with thread of one color so that at least a portion of the pattern is sculptured on the warp side thereof. At least a portion of the embroidered pattern is printed with at least two colors on the warp side, An adhesi.ve is provided on the shuttle side of the embroidered pattern if desired.
~ ,.,. .~;.,, 5~
The pattern of the present invention is preferably made by embroidering a pattern with a synthetic white thread on a substrate in a manner so that a portion of the pattern is sculptured. A transfer print is provided on paper with a dye stuff of at least two different colors and wherein t4e dye stuff will transfer by sublimation under heat and pressure or vacuum. The print is registered with the pattern and ~hen color is printed onto the pattern while applying heat and pressure or vacuum. Different colors of the print are regis-tered with mating portions of the sculptured pattern~ Anadhesive is applied to the shuttle side of the pattern if desired.
It is an object of the present invention to provide multi.-colored embroidered patterns having a sculptured effect and wherein the pattern is more vivid and delineated while being less expensive than embroidered transfers proposed heretofore.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a multi-colored embroidered pattern which is made in a manner which minimi.zes downtime and minimizes the number of persons needed to produce the embroidered transfer.
Other objects will appear hereinafter.
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of making an embroidered transfer or emblem, comprising the steps of embroidering a pattern on a portion of a substrate while using thread of a single color and in an amount so that a portion of the pattern is sculptured by having a greater thickness than another portion of the pattern, separating the pattern and its associated substrate portion from the remainder of the substrate, providing a transfer print on paper with a dye stuff of at least two different colors and capable of subliming under he~t and pressure or vacuum, reaistering portions of the print ~ith .~' s~
mating portions of said pattern, and transferring color from said print as a gas to the warp side of the pattern while applying sufficient heat to sublime said dye stuff.
In accordance with a further aspect of the present invention there is provided an embroidered transfer emblem comprising an embroidered pattern on one side of a substrate whose size corresponds to the size of the pattern with thread of a single color, portions of the pattern having a sculptured effect by an increased number of thread stitches, at least two colors of dye stuff printed on the thread stitches defining said portions and on other portions of the pattern, said colors being in registry with sculptured portions of said pattern with at least one of said printed portions including printing out lining a configuration on a portion of said pattern, and said colors beiny printed on the warp side of said pattern.
Erief Description of the Drawin~s For the purpose of illustrating the invention, there 18 shown in the drawings a form which is presently preferred;
it beiny understood, however, that this invention is not
2~ limited to the precise arrangements and instrumentalities shown.
Figure l is a plan view of an embroidered transfer in accordance with the present invention.
Figure 2 is a plan view of a trans~er print.
., -2a-Figure 3 is a plan view o:f a strip of fabric showing the embroidered pattern thereon.
Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment . .
Referring to the drawings in detail, wherein like numerals indicate like elements, there is shown in Figure 3 a substrate 10 on which has been embroidered a pattern 12. The substrate 10 is preferabIy a base cloth as is conventionally used in connection with an aetzing process. The pattern 12 is preferably embroidered on the fabric 10 using a Schiffli mac-hine using thread of one color. The thread is preferably a white polymeric plastic material such as a polyester which has been bleached to remove any needle oil on the thread. Other synthetic thread which may be used is nylon and acrylics, Thread of natural material such as cotton may be used provided that such cotton thread is processed to remove or disperse natural oils in the cotton fiber, A sculptured effect is ob~
tainecl on a portion of the pattern 12 by stitching over previous stitches re~'erred to as an ~mderlaying so as to have raised areas 16 as indicated by the stitch lines in Figure 3 with the remaining are~ representing stitches at a lower elevation and lacking any underlaying or being unstitched areas, The scul~
tured effect may be enhanced by the embroidery stitches for areas to be printed different colors being in different direc-tions as shown in Figure 3. As may be seen, the embroidery thread stitches in different areas run in differen~ directions, When the substrate 10 is a fabric as conventionally used in connection with an aetzing process, the fabric 10 may be separated from the embroidered pattern 12 and removed by either the wet or dry process. In connection with a wet proc-s~ess, the ~inished embroidery and fabric 10 are placed in a bath of hot concentrated caustic soda solution which burns out the Eabric 10 thereby leaving the embroidered pattern 12. In the dry process, the fabric 10 is removed by passing the same through a gas oven heated to about 225F which burns out or chars the material 10 thereby making it brittle. In accordance with the present invention, the fabric 10 is re~oved by the aetæing process using either the wet or dry process. If desired, the pattern 12 can be separated Erom the substrate 10 by die cutting fabric lO around the periphery of pattern 12, Colorcd prints 18 which may be made using known litho-graphic or photographic techniques are provided on pieces of thin flexi~le paper 20 which the prints corresponding to the peripheral contour and portions of the pattern 12 to be colored.
Print 18 is a mirror image of pattern 12, The print 18 is superimposed over the pattern 12 which has now been separated from the fabric 10 and registered therewith. Specific dye stuff color portions of print 18 are registered or mated with speci-fic portions of the sculptured pattern 12, The print 18 is preferably made with a slightly larger contour to facilitate ease or registration and to be certain that no portions of the pattern 12 will be inadvertently not dyed. The color of the print is defined by a dye stuff which may be a dye or an ink which sublimes under heat and pressure or vacuum.
The preferred dye stuff for polyester thread is commercially available as a transfer ink from Sinclair &
Valentine, 5220 U~bria Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and sublimes at about 400F ~eat changes the dye stuff to a gas.
Pressure or vacuum is applied to the paper to transfer the dye stuf:E in a form of a gas to the pattern 12. The dye stuff colors predetermined areas on the sculptured part of pattern 12 which may or may not ~e the entire embroidered ~ ~ 8 ~ 5 ~ ~
pattern 12 and simultaneously outlines portions thereof. The dye stuff is absorbed by the threads of pattern 12.
As shown in Figure 1) the embroidered t~ansfer 22 has outline 23 defining portions of the figure as well as color applied to predetermined portions of the fig-ure. In addition, a different shade of color is applied at 2~ where it is inten-ded to illustrate roundness of the object in conformity with the sculptured effect of the pattern, Other light colors are applied as at area 26 to provide highlights. The highlight areas 26 can be obtained by leaving exposed the white threads of pattern 12. As a result thereof, there is pro~ided an em-broidered transfer 22 with a sculptured effect and printed in vibrant colors in addition to outlines and shading. The great-er the number of colors in transer 22, the more efficlent it is to produce the em~roidered transfer of the present inven~
tion.
~ leretofore, embroidered emblems having six colors were considered the upper limit of what could be produced commercially and inexpensively in accordance with a conventional process wherein the colors are applied by different colored thread. The embroidered patterns of the present invention are not so limited and require only one operator whereas previous methods required as many as six operators, The present inven-tion offers the option of using either the wet or the dry method for aetzing or ~y use of die cutting, The present in-vention provi.des a more realistic outline to portions of the :Eigure pa~ticularly in connection with lettering, Thus, i~
the figure had its name printed thereon, the prin~ing would be that comparable with printing on paper as compared wi.th previous methods wherein the printing is in the form of stitches ~ ~ 8 ~ 5 ~ ~
which are raggedy particularly with letters of the alphabet which have a curve orming a part thereof such as the letter "C" .
With the print appliecl to ~he warp side of the em~
hroidered pattern 1~, there is provided a transfer 22 which may be secured to any fabric by s~itching or by an adhesive applied to the shuttle side. The adhesi-ve is preferably a thermoplastic adhesive which will facilita~e attaching the embroidered transfer 22 ~o a fabric such as an article of wear-ing apparel, bedspread, etc. upon application of heat and pressure. A wide variety of adhesi.ves may be utilized, The preferred adhesive is a transparent or translucent polymeric thermoplastic material applied in a layer not ~hicker than about .007 inch and having a melting tempera~ure of about 300F which temperature is lower than the sublimation tempera-ture of the dye stuff and lower ~han ~he melting temperature of the thread material from which the pattern 12 is embroi-dered. The preEerred adhesive is FUS-A-BON which is commerr cially available rom General Fabric Fusing, Cinci~mati., Ohio, In the illustrated embodiment, the object is a fan-ciful animal having an irregular peripheral contour. The ob-ject in Figure l has a hat and scarf defined by a checkerboard pat~ern in four different colors. Each rectangle of the checkerboard pattern is a solid color and the rec~angle has sides which are approximately 1/16 of an inch long. A checker-board pattern of this nature would be extremely expensive if it were made on a Schiffli machine but is easily and inexpen-sively made by printing onto pattern 12.
The prior embroidered patterns were limited ~o 1at color and line art of one dimension. The present invention ~ ~ ~ 8 5 ~ ~
produces embroidered patterns having a three~dimensional effect and is limited only to the extent o what can be printed by photographically reproduced li~hographic techniques~ The embroi dered patterns 22 are more life-like in appearance with a sur-face appearance suitable to the subject matter thereof. Thus, furry animals look furry and metal looks hard.
The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof and, accordingly, reference should be made to the appen-ded claims, rather than to the foregoing specification, as indi-cating the scope of the invention.
Figure l is a plan view of an embroidered transfer in accordance with the present invention.
Figure 2 is a plan view of a trans~er print.
., -2a-Figure 3 is a plan view o:f a strip of fabric showing the embroidered pattern thereon.
Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment . .
Referring to the drawings in detail, wherein like numerals indicate like elements, there is shown in Figure 3 a substrate 10 on which has been embroidered a pattern 12. The substrate 10 is preferabIy a base cloth as is conventionally used in connection with an aetzing process. The pattern 12 is preferably embroidered on the fabric 10 using a Schiffli mac-hine using thread of one color. The thread is preferably a white polymeric plastic material such as a polyester which has been bleached to remove any needle oil on the thread. Other synthetic thread which may be used is nylon and acrylics, Thread of natural material such as cotton may be used provided that such cotton thread is processed to remove or disperse natural oils in the cotton fiber, A sculptured effect is ob~
tainecl on a portion of the pattern 12 by stitching over previous stitches re~'erred to as an ~mderlaying so as to have raised areas 16 as indicated by the stitch lines in Figure 3 with the remaining are~ representing stitches at a lower elevation and lacking any underlaying or being unstitched areas, The scul~
tured effect may be enhanced by the embroidery stitches for areas to be printed different colors being in different direc-tions as shown in Figure 3. As may be seen, the embroidery thread stitches in different areas run in differen~ directions, When the substrate 10 is a fabric as conventionally used in connection with an aetzing process, the fabric 10 may be separated from the embroidered pattern 12 and removed by either the wet or dry process. In connection with a wet proc-s~ess, the ~inished embroidery and fabric 10 are placed in a bath of hot concentrated caustic soda solution which burns out the Eabric 10 thereby leaving the embroidered pattern 12. In the dry process, the fabric 10 is removed by passing the same through a gas oven heated to about 225F which burns out or chars the material 10 thereby making it brittle. In accordance with the present invention, the fabric 10 is re~oved by the aetæing process using either the wet or dry process. If desired, the pattern 12 can be separated Erom the substrate 10 by die cutting fabric lO around the periphery of pattern 12, Colorcd prints 18 which may be made using known litho-graphic or photographic techniques are provided on pieces of thin flexi~le paper 20 which the prints corresponding to the peripheral contour and portions of the pattern 12 to be colored.
Print 18 is a mirror image of pattern 12, The print 18 is superimposed over the pattern 12 which has now been separated from the fabric 10 and registered therewith. Specific dye stuff color portions of print 18 are registered or mated with speci-fic portions of the sculptured pattern 12, The print 18 is preferably made with a slightly larger contour to facilitate ease or registration and to be certain that no portions of the pattern 12 will be inadvertently not dyed. The color of the print is defined by a dye stuff which may be a dye or an ink which sublimes under heat and pressure or vacuum.
The preferred dye stuff for polyester thread is commercially available as a transfer ink from Sinclair &
Valentine, 5220 U~bria Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and sublimes at about 400F ~eat changes the dye stuff to a gas.
Pressure or vacuum is applied to the paper to transfer the dye stuf:E in a form of a gas to the pattern 12. The dye stuff colors predetermined areas on the sculptured part of pattern 12 which may or may not ~e the entire embroidered ~ ~ 8 ~ 5 ~ ~
pattern 12 and simultaneously outlines portions thereof. The dye stuff is absorbed by the threads of pattern 12.
As shown in Figure 1) the embroidered t~ansfer 22 has outline 23 defining portions of the figure as well as color applied to predetermined portions of the fig-ure. In addition, a different shade of color is applied at 2~ where it is inten-ded to illustrate roundness of the object in conformity with the sculptured effect of the pattern, Other light colors are applied as at area 26 to provide highlights. The highlight areas 26 can be obtained by leaving exposed the white threads of pattern 12. As a result thereof, there is pro~ided an em-broidered transfer 22 with a sculptured effect and printed in vibrant colors in addition to outlines and shading. The great-er the number of colors in transer 22, the more efficlent it is to produce the em~roidered transfer of the present inven~
tion.
~ leretofore, embroidered emblems having six colors were considered the upper limit of what could be produced commercially and inexpensively in accordance with a conventional process wherein the colors are applied by different colored thread. The embroidered patterns of the present invention are not so limited and require only one operator whereas previous methods required as many as six operators, The present inven-tion offers the option of using either the wet or the dry method for aetzing or ~y use of die cutting, The present in-vention provi.des a more realistic outline to portions of the :Eigure pa~ticularly in connection with lettering, Thus, i~
the figure had its name printed thereon, the prin~ing would be that comparable with printing on paper as compared wi.th previous methods wherein the printing is in the form of stitches ~ ~ 8 ~ 5 ~ ~
which are raggedy particularly with letters of the alphabet which have a curve orming a part thereof such as the letter "C" .
With the print appliecl to ~he warp side of the em~
hroidered pattern 1~, there is provided a transfer 22 which may be secured to any fabric by s~itching or by an adhesive applied to the shuttle side. The adhesi-ve is preferably a thermoplastic adhesive which will facilita~e attaching the embroidered transfer 22 ~o a fabric such as an article of wear-ing apparel, bedspread, etc. upon application of heat and pressure. A wide variety of adhesi.ves may be utilized, The preferred adhesive is a transparent or translucent polymeric thermoplastic material applied in a layer not ~hicker than about .007 inch and having a melting tempera~ure of about 300F which temperature is lower than the sublimation tempera-ture of the dye stuff and lower ~han ~he melting temperature of the thread material from which the pattern 12 is embroi-dered. The preEerred adhesive is FUS-A-BON which is commerr cially available rom General Fabric Fusing, Cinci~mati., Ohio, In the illustrated embodiment, the object is a fan-ciful animal having an irregular peripheral contour. The ob-ject in Figure l has a hat and scarf defined by a checkerboard pat~ern in four different colors. Each rectangle of the checkerboard pattern is a solid color and the rec~angle has sides which are approximately 1/16 of an inch long. A checker-board pattern of this nature would be extremely expensive if it were made on a Schiffli machine but is easily and inexpen-sively made by printing onto pattern 12.
The prior embroidered patterns were limited ~o 1at color and line art of one dimension. The present invention ~ ~ ~ 8 5 ~ ~
produces embroidered patterns having a three~dimensional effect and is limited only to the extent o what can be printed by photographically reproduced li~hographic techniques~ The embroi dered patterns 22 are more life-like in appearance with a sur-face appearance suitable to the subject matter thereof. Thus, furry animals look furry and metal looks hard.
The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof and, accordingly, reference should be made to the appen-ded claims, rather than to the foregoing specification, as indi-cating the scope of the invention.
Claims (14)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A method of making an embroidered transfer or emblem comprising the steps of:
(a) embroidering a pattern on a portion of a substrate while using thread of a single color and in an amount so that a portion of the pattern is sculptured by having a greater thickness than another portion of the pattern, (b) separating the pattern and its associated substrate portion from the remainder of the substrate, (c) providing a transfer print on paper with a dye stuff of at least two different colors and capable of subliming under heat and pressure or vacuum, (d) registering portions of the print with mating portions of said pattern, and (e) transferring color from said print as a gas to the warp side of the pattern while applying sufficient heat to sublime said dye stuff.
(a) embroidering a pattern on a portion of a substrate while using thread of a single color and in an amount so that a portion of the pattern is sculptured by having a greater thickness than another portion of the pattern, (b) separating the pattern and its associated substrate portion from the remainder of the substrate, (c) providing a transfer print on paper with a dye stuff of at least two different colors and capable of subliming under heat and pressure or vacuum, (d) registering portions of the print with mating portions of said pattern, and (e) transferring color from said print as a gas to the warp side of the pattern while applying sufficient heat to sublime said dye stuff.
2. A method in accordance with Claim 1 including applying a thermoplastic adhesive to the shuttle side of the thusly printed pattern, using as said adhesive a material whose melting temperature is less than the sublimination tem-perature of said dye stuff and less than the melting temper-ature of said thread.
3. A method in accordance with Claim 1 wherein said pattern is embroidered in an aetz fabric used as the sub-strate, and then aetzing said fabric by one of the wet and dry processes to accomplish said separating step.
4. A method in accordance with Claim 1 wherein said thread is white and made from a material selected from the group of polyesters, nylons and acrylics.
5. A method in accordance with Claim 1 wherein said transfer step includes applying shading and outline delineation of portions of the pattern using at least four different colors.
6. A method in accordance with Claim 1 wherein said transfer step includes at least in part applying letters of the alphabet to said pattern.
7. A method in accordance with Claim 1 wherein said embroidering step includes the step of embroidering with a thread free from oil.
8. A method in accordance with Claim 1 wherein said embroidering step includes the step of varying the direc-tion of embroidery thread stitches to enhance the sculptured effect.
9. An embroidered transfer emblem comprising an embroidered pattern on one side of a substrate whose size corresponds to the size of the pattern with thread of a single color, portions of the pattern having a sculptured effect by an increased number of thread stitches, at least two colors of dye stuff printed on the thread stitches defining said portions and on other portions of the pattern, said colors being in registry with sculptured portions of said pattern with at least one of said printed portions including printing outlining a configuration on a portion of said pattern, and said colors being printed on the warp side of said pattern.
10. An article in accordance with Claim 9 including an adhesive on the shuttle side of said pattern, said adhesive being a thermoplastic having a melting temperature lower than the melting temperature of said thread and below the sublima-tion temperature of said dye stuff.
11. An article in accordance with Claim 9 wherein said pattern has an irregular peripheral contour and repre-sents a fanciful animal.
12. An article in accordance with Claim 9 wherein said single color is white, said thread being a synthetic thread selected from the group consisting of polyesters, ny-lons and acrylics.
13. An article in accordance with Claim 9 wherein said thread of a single color is free of needle oil.
14. An article in accordance with Claim 9 wherein the sculptured effect produced by the increased number of thread stitches is enhanced by varying the direction of the thread stitches in areas to be printed with a different color dye stuff.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000435217A CA1188511A (en) | 1983-08-24 | 1983-08-24 | Embroidered transfer and method of making same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000435217A CA1188511A (en) | 1983-08-24 | 1983-08-24 | Embroidered transfer and method of making same |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1188511A true CA1188511A (en) | 1985-06-11 |
Family
ID=4125931
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000435217A Expired CA1188511A (en) | 1983-08-24 | 1983-08-24 | Embroidered transfer and method of making same |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1188511A (en) |
-
1983
- 1983-08-24 CA CA000435217A patent/CA1188511A/en not_active Expired
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