CA1169018A - Method of and apparatus for separating the gases generated during a fusion electrolysis - Google Patents
Method of and apparatus for separating the gases generated during a fusion electrolysisInfo
- Publication number
- CA1169018A CA1169018A CA000365168A CA365168A CA1169018A CA 1169018 A CA1169018 A CA 1169018A CA 000365168 A CA000365168 A CA 000365168A CA 365168 A CA365168 A CA 365168A CA 1169018 A CA1169018 A CA 1169018A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- cathode
- diaphragm
- electrolysis
- anode
- separator
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B13/00—Diaphragms; Spacing elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/70—Assemblies comprising two or more cells
- C25B9/73—Assemblies comprising two or more cells of the filter-press type
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
- C25C7/04—Diaphragms; Spacing elements
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A method is provided for separating gases generated electrolytically at the cathode or anode during a fusion electrolysis by means of a finely porous, electrically con-ductive separator. A cathodic polarization protection of the separator is provided. A porous sintered-metal diaphragm is provided as the separator between the anode and cathode, and the separator is electrically connected via a variable resi-stor with the cathode. The apparatus for fusion electrolysis includes an electrolysis cell which is subdivided by a porous, electrically conductive diaphragm into a cathode chamber and an anode chamber, and includes a direct current source for applying the electrolysis voltage. Also included is a con-necting line with a variable resistor and, suitably, an ammeter, between the cathode and diaphragm.
A method is provided for separating gases generated electrolytically at the cathode or anode during a fusion electrolysis by means of a finely porous, electrically con-ductive separator. A cathodic polarization protection of the separator is provided. A porous sintered-metal diaphragm is provided as the separator between the anode and cathode, and the separator is electrically connected via a variable resi-stor with the cathode. The apparatus for fusion electrolysis includes an electrolysis cell which is subdivided by a porous, electrically conductive diaphragm into a cathode chamber and an anode chamber, and includes a direct current source for applying the electrolysis voltage. Also included is a con-necting line with a variable resistor and, suitably, an ammeter, between the cathode and diaphragm.
Description
~ 3 ~ ~
The present in~ention relates to a method of separating the gases generated electroly~ically on the cathode or on tln~
a~ode during a fusion electrolysis (i. e. fused salt electro-lysis) by means of a fine~porecl, electrical7y conductive separator~ The present in~ention also relates to a fusion electrolysis apparatus suitable for thi.s purpose. The appara-tus includes an eleckrolysis cell which is su~divided by a porous, elect ically conductive diaphragm into a cathode chamber and an anode chamberJ and includes a direct current source for applyin~ electrolysis voltage.
A special field o~ application of the present invention is the fusion electrolysis of steam in an alkali hydroxide melt for producing hydrogerl ~rom water.
Econom~cal hydrogen production is an essential prere-quisite for iuture hydrogen technology. It is sho~n under suGh circumstarlces that the electrolysis of water vapor or stearn dissolved in molten sr lused hydroxides is an especially advantageous manner o~ hydrogen production: by means of the elevated working -temperature automatically provided thereby, t~e electrolysis procedure is extensively enhanced LlOt only frorn an energy standpoint, ~ut also from a kinetic standpoint.
The on the one nand aclvantageous utilization or ~pplî-cation of eleva-ted temperatures on the other hand, however9 accelera-tes undesired processesJ such as cor~osion, which are hindered or suppressed at lo~ier temperatures. In o-rder to efectively counter the corrosion attack, conventionally such materials are selected for the electrolysis cell and elec-trodes which are corros~on resistant to a suf~icient extent.
This current manner o~ counteri~g corrosion attack frequently, however, forces utiliz~tion of very expensive or rare mate-rials, or also of such materials~ the use of which is con~
nected with negative accompanying phenomena as set forth in greater detail in the follQwing paragraphs.
A special problem is found in the selection of a suitable diaphragm m~terial for the molten or fused hydroxide, the high corrosiveness of which only few known materials can withstand, so that the n~nber of tt~terials available is greatly limited. Synthetic materials, for example Teflon~
are not suitable because of their temperatuxe stability, which is too low. Only a f~w metal oxides or oxide mixtur~
are known for this purpos~. From the literature (H. Lux, E.
Renauer, $. Betz: ~. anorg. allg, Chemie, 310, (1961), 305), essentially only A1203, HfO2, ZrO2, or ThO2 have come into considera~ion.
The stability of the cheapest of these oxides, namely A1203, is, howeverl so restricted in the hydroxidè melt that a porous Al203 structure must be avoided and only some type of compact orm is suitable~ For this reason, applicant has already proposed (non-porous~ separa~ing walls of ~-Al203, whioh is a solid electrolyte. The ~ -Al~03, h~wever~ is at present not yet available generally, and is only avail~
able to a limited number of research ~llities. Furthermore~
the developmen~ of the price can only be estimated with dif-ficulty and is dependent upon many factors, so that it appears risky to base a large technical production thereon.
~ ctually only the porous ZrO2 of the remaining afo-re-mentioned metal oxides comes into consideracion. This oxide is likewise not inexpensive, and additionally i5 very dif-ficult to maintain sufficiently mechanically stable and simultaneously sufficiently porous~ or~. Presumably the ~,~
e~æe~g of both characteristics also in the future will be attainable only in a very limited manner with ~rO2.
In the search for an ine-~pensive diaphragm, the use of diaphra~ns of metal nets was already tried (Wînnacker-K~chler: Chemical Technology, Volume 6, Page 97)J These dia~
phragm~ of metal net or mesh however o~the one hand have only a very poor separating effect, which is completely inadequatc for the hydrogen/oxygen separation, and on the other hand these diaphragms o metal net or mesh areso ~trongly attacked by the melt or ~usion already in a few days, ~llat su&h dia-phragms dissolve at least partially.
The same occurs also with a diaphragm which comprises sintered metal powder. Althougll such a diapllragm has out- -standing separation characteristics because of its fine porosityy such a diaphragm, for ju~t this reason, is very susceptible to corrosion~
It was discovered that with such metallic separators there can be obtained a sufficient cor-rosion protection in a simple manner i~ the solu~ion potential of the separator is sulcienkly reduced by corresponding preloading or biasing (potential change).
According to one aspect o the present in~ention, there i.s provided a rnet1nod of separatillg the gases generated electro-B ly~ically on tlle cathode ff~ on the anode during a fusionelectrolysis by rneans o:E a fine-pored, electrically conductive separator, the improvement coinprising the step of providing said separator with a cathodic polariza~ion protection.
Pre~erably, a porous si.ntered-metal d;aphragm is used as a separator between the anode and the cathode, this separa-tor is electri~ally connected via a variable resistor with the cathode, with the resistor being a~justed or regulated in such a way that a~ the diaphragm a maximum discharge current of less than approximately 1% of the entire load of the electrolysis occurs.
A porous nickel membrane is especially suitable as a diaphragm for the alkaline fUSiOll electrolysis of water, and is obtained, or example, by applying a metal pow~er 20 mass containing binding medium upon a metal net or mesh with subsequent burning and sinterin~ of the powder in hydroge~ The porosity of a nickel diaphragm produced in this manner is preerably at least approximately 70V/~ ~er~
approximately 80% of the pores are smaller than 10 ~m, A cathodic polarization of -the diaphra~m which is too negative should~ however, be avoided, so that not only possible chargîng losses but also a hydrogan generation in the anode chamberJ with the danger of oxyhydrogen gas ex-plosion, do not become sign.ificant.
~ ccording to another aspect of the present invention9 there is provided a fusion electrolysis apparatus which comprises an electrolysls cell ~laving a cathode and an anode;
a porous, electrically conductive diaphragm which divides said electrolysis cell into a cathode chamber, with said cathode, and an anode cham~er, with said anode; a direct current source for applying electrolysis voltage; a con-necting line for connecting said diaphragm with said cathode;
and a variable resistor in said connecting line.
~he apparatus may include an ammeter in the connecting line .
The ~ollowing paragraphs set orth the features of the present in~ention with the aid of a specific embodiment.
A porous diaphragm was produced in the following manner:
A nickel-powder mass made pasty with a rubber solution in toluene as binding medium was coated or applied as a nickel powder layer on both sides of the mesh carrier of a nickel net or mesh (mesh size 0.25 mm, wire thickness 0.35 mm) in an entire quantity of 50 mg/cm . T'ne utilized INC0-nickel powder Type 255 had a particle siz~ of 2~3 to 3 ~m~ Ater fiteen minutes sin~ering Wit}l hydrogen at X00C, a 0.~ mm thick metal~sintered diaphragm having 80% porosity was obtairledO Ei.ght~ per~ent of the pores were smaller than The specific surace resistance) measured at 20C in 7~ 2 0~1, was a. lOQ cm . This excellent value nacurall~ is .,, ,~
still smaller at ~he workillg temperature (approximately 350~).
The puri-ty of the gases H2/023 which could ~irst be tested only a~ 75C and lA,~cm , was 0,20%.
Unpro-tected cathodically, ~his diaphragm dissolves in the hydroxide melt already in a few hours. I~ on the other hand the diaphragm is loaded with a protective current of only 1 mA/cm2 at an electrolysis current density of 500 r~/cm 7 accordingly suficient corrosion protection is obtained, as was pxoven by a prolonged test over more than 17500 hours in an NaOE~-melt at 360C. Ihe diaphra~m was still completely capable o~ ~unctioning at the end of the test, The measured cu.rent loss, which - i~ signiicant - could simultaneously lead to a dangerous fonmation o~ oxyhydrogen gas, is CQrn-pletely negligible.
The drawing shows a circuit for carrying out -the afore-mentioned method: the electrolysis cell 1, supplied withvoltage from a direct cuxrent source, is subdivided into an anode c~amber and a cathode chamber by a fine-porous elec tricaIly conductive diaphragm 2~ This diaphragm 2 is con-nected with the cath~de by a connecting line 3 in which a variable resistor 4 and, suitably an ammeter 5, are pro-vldedO
The dimensionirl~, cf the r~sîstor is clete~L~nined by the cell measurements and the concluctivity of the elect;rolyte, whereby speci1c values can be estimated reaclily on the basls of the Ohm' s law. Convent.ional values usually lie in tlle vicini~y of 50 ~o 5000 Ohms (~Q ) .
The present in~ention relates to a method of separating the gases generated electroly~ically on the cathode or on tln~
a~ode during a fusion electrolysis (i. e. fused salt electro-lysis) by means of a fine~porecl, electrical7y conductive separator~ The present in~ention also relates to a fusion electrolysis apparatus suitable for thi.s purpose. The appara-tus includes an eleckrolysis cell which is su~divided by a porous, elect ically conductive diaphragm into a cathode chamber and an anode chamberJ and includes a direct current source for applyin~ electrolysis voltage.
A special field o~ application of the present invention is the fusion electrolysis of steam in an alkali hydroxide melt for producing hydrogerl ~rom water.
Econom~cal hydrogen production is an essential prere-quisite for iuture hydrogen technology. It is sho~n under suGh circumstarlces that the electrolysis of water vapor or stearn dissolved in molten sr lused hydroxides is an especially advantageous manner o~ hydrogen production: by means of the elevated working -temperature automatically provided thereby, t~e electrolysis procedure is extensively enhanced LlOt only frorn an energy standpoint, ~ut also from a kinetic standpoint.
The on the one nand aclvantageous utilization or ~pplî-cation of eleva-ted temperatures on the other hand, however9 accelera-tes undesired processesJ such as cor~osion, which are hindered or suppressed at lo~ier temperatures. In o-rder to efectively counter the corrosion attack, conventionally such materials are selected for the electrolysis cell and elec-trodes which are corros~on resistant to a suf~icient extent.
This current manner o~ counteri~g corrosion attack frequently, however, forces utiliz~tion of very expensive or rare mate-rials, or also of such materials~ the use of which is con~
nected with negative accompanying phenomena as set forth in greater detail in the follQwing paragraphs.
A special problem is found in the selection of a suitable diaphragm m~terial for the molten or fused hydroxide, the high corrosiveness of which only few known materials can withstand, so that the n~nber of tt~terials available is greatly limited. Synthetic materials, for example Teflon~
are not suitable because of their temperatuxe stability, which is too low. Only a f~w metal oxides or oxide mixtur~
are known for this purpos~. From the literature (H. Lux, E.
Renauer, $. Betz: ~. anorg. allg, Chemie, 310, (1961), 305), essentially only A1203, HfO2, ZrO2, or ThO2 have come into considera~ion.
The stability of the cheapest of these oxides, namely A1203, is, howeverl so restricted in the hydroxidè melt that a porous Al203 structure must be avoided and only some type of compact orm is suitable~ For this reason, applicant has already proposed (non-porous~ separa~ing walls of ~-Al203, whioh is a solid electrolyte. The ~ -Al~03, h~wever~ is at present not yet available generally, and is only avail~
able to a limited number of research ~llities. Furthermore~
the developmen~ of the price can only be estimated with dif-ficulty and is dependent upon many factors, so that it appears risky to base a large technical production thereon.
~ ctually only the porous ZrO2 of the remaining afo-re-mentioned metal oxides comes into consideracion. This oxide is likewise not inexpensive, and additionally i5 very dif-ficult to maintain sufficiently mechanically stable and simultaneously sufficiently porous~ or~. Presumably the ~,~
e~æe~g of both characteristics also in the future will be attainable only in a very limited manner with ~rO2.
In the search for an ine-~pensive diaphragm, the use of diaphra~ns of metal nets was already tried (Wînnacker-K~chler: Chemical Technology, Volume 6, Page 97)J These dia~
phragm~ of metal net or mesh however o~the one hand have only a very poor separating effect, which is completely inadequatc for the hydrogen/oxygen separation, and on the other hand these diaphragms o metal net or mesh areso ~trongly attacked by the melt or ~usion already in a few days, ~llat su&h dia-phragms dissolve at least partially.
The same occurs also with a diaphragm which comprises sintered metal powder. Althougll such a diapllragm has out- -standing separation characteristics because of its fine porosityy such a diaphragm, for ju~t this reason, is very susceptible to corrosion~
It was discovered that with such metallic separators there can be obtained a sufficient cor-rosion protection in a simple manner i~ the solu~ion potential of the separator is sulcienkly reduced by corresponding preloading or biasing (potential change).
According to one aspect o the present in~ention, there i.s provided a rnet1nod of separatillg the gases generated electro-B ly~ically on tlle cathode ff~ on the anode during a fusionelectrolysis by rneans o:E a fine-pored, electrically conductive separator, the improvement coinprising the step of providing said separator with a cathodic polariza~ion protection.
Pre~erably, a porous si.ntered-metal d;aphragm is used as a separator between the anode and the cathode, this separa-tor is electri~ally connected via a variable resistor with the cathode, with the resistor being a~justed or regulated in such a way that a~ the diaphragm a maximum discharge current of less than approximately 1% of the entire load of the electrolysis occurs.
A porous nickel membrane is especially suitable as a diaphragm for the alkaline fUSiOll electrolysis of water, and is obtained, or example, by applying a metal pow~er 20 mass containing binding medium upon a metal net or mesh with subsequent burning and sinterin~ of the powder in hydroge~ The porosity of a nickel diaphragm produced in this manner is preerably at least approximately 70V/~ ~er~
approximately 80% of the pores are smaller than 10 ~m, A cathodic polarization of -the diaphra~m which is too negative should~ however, be avoided, so that not only possible chargîng losses but also a hydrogan generation in the anode chamberJ with the danger of oxyhydrogen gas ex-plosion, do not become sign.ificant.
~ ccording to another aspect of the present invention9 there is provided a fusion electrolysis apparatus which comprises an electrolysls cell ~laving a cathode and an anode;
a porous, electrically conductive diaphragm which divides said electrolysis cell into a cathode chamber, with said cathode, and an anode cham~er, with said anode; a direct current source for applying electrolysis voltage; a con-necting line for connecting said diaphragm with said cathode;
and a variable resistor in said connecting line.
~he apparatus may include an ammeter in the connecting line .
The ~ollowing paragraphs set orth the features of the present in~ention with the aid of a specific embodiment.
A porous diaphragm was produced in the following manner:
A nickel-powder mass made pasty with a rubber solution in toluene as binding medium was coated or applied as a nickel powder layer on both sides of the mesh carrier of a nickel net or mesh (mesh size 0.25 mm, wire thickness 0.35 mm) in an entire quantity of 50 mg/cm . T'ne utilized INC0-nickel powder Type 255 had a particle siz~ of 2~3 to 3 ~m~ Ater fiteen minutes sin~ering Wit}l hydrogen at X00C, a 0.~ mm thick metal~sintered diaphragm having 80% porosity was obtairledO Ei.ght~ per~ent of the pores were smaller than The specific surace resistance) measured at 20C in 7~ 2 0~1, was a. lOQ cm . This excellent value nacurall~ is .,, ,~
still smaller at ~he workillg temperature (approximately 350~).
The puri-ty of the gases H2/023 which could ~irst be tested only a~ 75C and lA,~cm , was 0,20%.
Unpro-tected cathodically, ~his diaphragm dissolves in the hydroxide melt already in a few hours. I~ on the other hand the diaphragm is loaded with a protective current of only 1 mA/cm2 at an electrolysis current density of 500 r~/cm 7 accordingly suficient corrosion protection is obtained, as was pxoven by a prolonged test over more than 17500 hours in an NaOE~-melt at 360C. Ihe diaphra~m was still completely capable o~ ~unctioning at the end of the test, The measured cu.rent loss, which - i~ signiicant - could simultaneously lead to a dangerous fonmation o~ oxyhydrogen gas, is CQrn-pletely negligible.
The drawing shows a circuit for carrying out -the afore-mentioned method: the electrolysis cell 1, supplied withvoltage from a direct cuxrent source, is subdivided into an anode c~amber and a cathode chamber by a fine-porous elec tricaIly conductive diaphragm 2~ This diaphragm 2 is con-nected with the cath~de by a connecting line 3 in which a variable resistor 4 and, suitably an ammeter 5, are pro-vldedO
The dimensionirl~, cf the r~sîstor is clete~L~nined by the cell measurements and the concluctivity of the elect;rolyte, whereby speci1c values can be estimated reaclily on the basls of the Ohm' s law. Convent.ional values usually lie in tlle vicini~y of 50 ~o 5000 Ohms (~Q ) .
Claims (5)
1. A method of separating the gases generated electro-lytically on the cathode and on the anode during a fusion electrolysis by means of a fine-pored electrically conductive separator, the improvement comprising the step of providing said separator with a cathodic polarization protection.
2. A method according to claim 1, which includes the steps of providing a porous sintered-metal diaphragm between the anode and cathode as said separator; electrically connecting said diaphragm with the cathode via a variable resistor; and regulating said resistor in such a way that a maximum discharge current of less than approximately 1% of the entire load of said electrolysis occurs at said diaphragm.
3. A method according to claim 2, in which said step of providing a diaphragm includes providing a porous nickel membrane having a porosity of at least 70%, approximately 80% of the pores thereof being smaller than 10 µm.
4. A fusion electrolysis apparatus, which comprises:
an electrolysis cell having a cathode and an anode;
a porous, electrically conductive diaphragm which divides said electrolysis cell into a cathode chamber, with said cathode, and an anode chamber, with said anode;
a direct current source for applying electrolysis voltage;
a connecting line for connecting said diaphragm with said cathode; and a variable resistor in said connecting line.
an electrolysis cell having a cathode and an anode;
a porous, electrically conductive diaphragm which divides said electrolysis cell into a cathode chamber, with said cathode, and an anode chamber, with said anode;
a direct current source for applying electrolysis voltage;
a connecting line for connecting said diaphragm with said cathode; and a variable resistor in said connecting line.
5. An apparatus according to claim 4, which includes an ammeter in said connecting line.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2947454A DE2947454C2 (en) | 1979-11-24 | 1979-11-24 | Process for the separation of the gases evolved in a fused flux electrolysis and a fused flux electrolysis device |
| DEP2947454.2 | 1979-11-24 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1169018A true CA1169018A (en) | 1984-06-12 |
Family
ID=6086816
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000365168A Expired CA1169018A (en) | 1979-11-24 | 1980-11-21 | Method of and apparatus for separating the gases generated during a fusion electrolysis |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0029520B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS5687685A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1169018A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2947454C2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH03115592A (en) * | 1989-09-28 | 1991-05-16 | Osaka Titanium Co Ltd | Molten salt electrolytic cell |
| US6669837B1 (en) * | 2002-12-17 | 2003-12-30 | Sunbelt Chlor Alkali Partnership | Alkali metal hydroxide evaporator system |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2637633C3 (en) * | 1976-08-20 | 1980-02-07 | Vladimir Grigorevitsch Mojsa | Process for the corrosion protection of a metallic object in contact with an electrically conductive medium |
| DE2927566C2 (en) * | 1979-07-07 | 1986-08-21 | Kernforschungsanlage Jülich GmbH, 5170 Jülich | Diaphragm for alkaline electrolysis, process for producing the same and its use |
-
1979
- 1979-11-24 DE DE2947454A patent/DE2947454C2/en not_active Expired
-
1980
- 1980-10-30 EP EP80106653A patent/EP0029520B1/en not_active Expired
- 1980-11-21 JP JP16345880A patent/JPS5687685A/en active Pending
- 1980-11-21 CA CA000365168A patent/CA1169018A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0029520A1 (en) | 1981-06-03 |
| DE2947454B1 (en) | 1981-04-02 |
| DE2947454C2 (en) | 1982-05-06 |
| EP0029520B1 (en) | 1984-07-11 |
| JPS5687685A (en) | 1981-07-16 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |