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CA1039985A - Controlled torque air motor - Google Patents

Controlled torque air motor

Info

Publication number
CA1039985A
CA1039985A CA236,988A CA236988A CA1039985A CA 1039985 A CA1039985 A CA 1039985A CA 236988 A CA236988 A CA 236988A CA 1039985 A CA1039985 A CA 1039985A
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
torque
motor
output
ring gear
applying apparatus
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
CA236,988A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Reginald W. Pauley
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ingersoll Rand Co
Original Assignee
Ingersoll Rand Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ingersoll Rand Co filed Critical Ingersoll Rand Co
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA1039985A publication Critical patent/CA1039985A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H3/00Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/74Complexes, not using actuable speedchanging or regulating members, e.g. with gear ratio determined by free play of frictional or other forces
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25BTOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B21/00Portable power-driven screw or nut setting or loosening tools; Attachments for drilling apparatus serving the same purpose
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25BTOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B21/00Portable power-driven screw or nut setting or loosening tools; Attachments for drilling apparatus serving the same purpose
    • B25B21/008Portable power-driven screw or nut setting or loosening tools; Attachments for drilling apparatus serving the same purpose with automatic change-over from high speed-low torque mode to low speed-high torque mode
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D57/00Liquid-resistance brakes; Brakes using the internal friction of fluids or fluid-like media, e.g. powders

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Motors (AREA)
  • Retarders (AREA)
  • Details Of Spanners, Wrenches, And Screw Drivers And Accessories (AREA)

Abstract

CONTROLLED TORQUE AIR MOTOR
Abstract of the Disclosure A power operated wrench having a clutch means dis-posed to effect relative rotation between the drive means and the output spindle. The clutch means cooperates with the gear reduction system to allow the drive means to continue rotating thereby allowing repeated application of the maximum torque output of the drive means. The clutch means further effects a reduction of the system inertia which must be absorbed by a fastener after high speed run down and thereby prevents overtorque.

Description

1~3~3~8S
Back~round of the Invention '` ~, When a conventional vane ty.pe air motor is brought to '~ , a stall, it produces an erratic torque output due to the '-~
unpredictable friction effects and random positioning of ,, the blades. A similar effect is experienced with certain ,'~
types of electric motors. When these motors are utilized as ``~ ' the drive means for rotating and applying a torque to a -' , ,; , .: .
fastener the resulting torque on the fastener is unpredictable -',~' and erratic. A method of overcoming this problem has recen~ly ,' been developed. The method allows the motor housing to ', rotate slowly backwards at stall, restrained by a smooth ', -' ' .~i.... , running viscous clutch. In this manner the motor repeatedly 'i' '' applies its maximum output thus substantially overcoming the effect of friction and random posit:ioning at stall.
. .
~' ~he major objections to allowing the motor to rotate ~,~`' ',,;
, are the added costs of mounting such a motor and making air ''~, or power connections,to it. A somewhat similar efect can ';' be obtained by installing a slip clutch device between the '',~'~,', motor and the output spindle either before or after the gear ,,' reduction normally required. If the clutch is placed in ~ "~
line after the gear reducer the clutch must be made large ', enough to carry the full output torque. In either event, ',~
the added rotating mass of the clutch creates an inertial `,~',,' force which must be absorbed upon stall of ~he fastener. In ',~
certain types of hard joints, this results in overtorquing r~
' or even failure of the fastener. ,j-- 'i'i,'"`" ~' .
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Summary__f the Invention The present invention teaches a means of repeatedly `
applying a consistent maximum output torque on a fastener ~-without the need for rotatively mounting the motor or increasing the inertia of the gear train. This is accom~
plished in the preferred embodiment of this invention by --having a standard air motor drive through a sun gear and a planetary gear set to an output shaft. The ring gear of ~ .
the planetary gear set is unique to gear reducers of this type in that it is supported by bearings which allow ro-. tatlon of the ring gear, however, the rotation is restrained by a viscous fluid clutch. In this manner, at low torques the motor operates like a standarcl geared motor with the ring gear substantially restrainecl by the viscous fluid clutch. At high torque approaching motor stall the viscous fluid clutch permits sufficient rotation of the ring gear to .
prevent the motor from reaching a full stop. The slowly rotating motor rotor repeatedly applies its maximum torque output in this manner and the erratic friction and vane positioning problems at full stall are thereby avoided. The output torque fluctuates in this mode, but the peak torque `
is repeatable and accurate which is desirable in fastener tightening and related applications.
I~ is an object of this invention to proYi~e a power operated wrench having a predictable and repeatable torque output.
It is further an object of this invention to provide a power operated wrench which is economical to manufacture and avoids the need for a rotatively mounted motor. ~-'~ .

-. , `
S ,,, It is an object of this invention to teach a low cost ;~
power wrench having a pulsating, repeatable and accurate output torque and which presents low inertia to the fastener during -run down.
It is a further object of this invention to teach the use of a viscous shear clutch in functional contact with the ; ~
reduction gears but not rotating directly therewith to provide ~ -controlled slippage at high torque output between the power source and the output spindle. `~
In general, these and other objects are accomplished by a broad aspect of the present invention, in providing a torque -~
applying apparatus which comprises a motor having pulsating torque output. Power conversion means is connected to the motor ;
for adapting the motor output to the desired output torque and rotational speed. An output spindle is connected to the power conversion means. The power conversion means has active elements for transmitting torque and rotation to the output spindle and ; .,~ . . .
passive elements forming a reaction base for the active elements.
Means is provided for accumulating rotation proportional to an increase in output torque within the power conversion means thereby allowing the pulsating torque output of the motor to ~ ;-be continuously applied after the output spindle has stalled. ;~ ~
The means for accumulating rotation is operatively connected to ! i ~"
the passive elements of the power conversion means to thereby allow the passive elements to rotate without addition to the -;~
inertial content of the active elements of the drive train. ~ ;
In this specification the wording "active elements"
defines elements applying torque and rotating in the direction for applying torque during the tightening of the fastener, and "passive elements" are those elements forming a reaction base ;

for the "active eiements" (i.e., the ring gear).~

~';,, ,' ' 1~3~9~3!85 Brief Description of the Drawings , Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a power wrench according to this invention showing the functional parts and their cooperative relationship.
Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a power wrench according to a second embodiment of this inventLon showing the functional parts and their cooperative relationship.

. , ` ' - . .:
. - ' `' `"

.

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-5~ ~ : :

1C~3~ S
Description of ~he Preferred Embodim~nt . ;~' " , , :
'''........................................................................ ..... " ".
In Figure 1, a standard air motor 1 drives through a sun gear 2 and a planetary gear set 3 including a ring gear 5 to an output shaft 4 which is connected to any suitable means such as a conventional socket (not shown) for engaging a fastener (not shown). The ring gear 5 is supported by bearings 6 and the ring gear is restrained from rotating by viscous clutch 7 having a shear disc 8 and seals 9. Except for the rotational mounting of the ring ~ -gear and the rest~aining of it by a viscous fluid clutch, this is a standard arrangement for a conventional power wrench.
However, according to this invention, by rotationally mount~
ing the ring gear and restraining it with a viscous clutch ~
it should be obvious to one skilled in the art that a new .
and useful result is achieved. Instead of having the air motor coming to a stall condition upon halting of the fastener rotation the ring gear will rotate slowly allowing the motor to repeatedly apply its maximum torque output. It !~ .
should also be obvious now to one skilled in the art that a minimum amount of rotating inertia is presented to the fastener. In fact it is believed that the inertial force presented to the fastener upon tightening is less with this `~ -~
system than with the conventional system without the pul-sating feature because of the viscous fluid restraint of the -~ ~-ring gear compared to the solid restraint of the conventional 2S system.
The second embodiment shown in Figure 2 is identical to ~
the first embodiment except for the method of restraining -~ .
the ring gear. In the second embodiment, the ring gear-is restrained by pinion gear 10 which is in turn restrained by '',' ,'" ' ':

.. . .

~ , , , ~ .,,: . :.,:. . ..

~L~39~ 35 ~
fluid clutch 11. It should be obvious that the pinion gear could contact the ring gear internally as shown or externally with equal results. In the second embodiment shown, the ring gear face must be wide enough to accept the pinion gear 8 and `~
the planetary gear set 3 in passing relationship. If the pinion gear 10 were external to the ring gear, the external surface of the ring gear would be provided with appropriate en~aging teeth. It is obvious that other methods of engaging contact may be utilized between the ring gear and the viscous clutch such as friction roller or belt drive.
In addition, it should be obvious to one skilled in the art that the function of the fluid clutch may be assumed by any rotation control device capable of absorbing substantial rotation in proportion to the torque applied. The fluid or .. : .
viscous clutch described constitutes a means for accumulating rotation of the rotatively mounted ring gear S and which increases its restraint wi~h an increase in rotational speed of the ring gear resulting from an increase in torque output ;~
on the output shaft. The viscous clutch 7 is simply a surface ;
reactant device wherein -the interspace between the two coacting ~
': :
surfaces (one fixed and one rotating) is filled with a silicon ~1 ~
oil or similar fluid. Such a device will rotate at relatively ~ -low speed with relatively little torque. ~owever, as the speed ~ .; . . ...
of rotation increases, the torque requirement also increases.

~umerous other gear arrangements to accomplish the `
, :.
instant invention will occur to one skilled in the art and applicants do not wish to be limited to the embodiments des-cribed above except as covered by the scope of the claims. `; ~

,~;;. .'' :
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,'.'' ,'' ~ ' .

... . .. ' ' . ' . . . . ' ' . -' ' . . . I . ' ' ; . .. ' ' ' ~ . '

Claims (10)

The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:-
1. A torque applying apparatus comprising:
a motor having pulsating torque output;
power conversion means connected to said motor for adapting said motor output to the desired output torque and rotational speed;
an output spindle connected to said power conversion means;
said power conversion means having active elements for transmitting torque and rotation to said output spindle and passive elements forming a reaction base for said active elements;
means for accumulating rotation proportional to an increase in output torque within said power conversion means thereby allowing the pulsating torque output of the motor to be continuously applied after said output spindle has stalled, and said means for accumulating rotation being operatively connected to said passive elements of said power conversion means to thereby allow said passive elements to rotate without addition to the inertial content of the active elements of the drive train.
2. The torque applying apparatus of claim 1 wherein the motor is of the pulsating pneumatic type.
3. The torque applying apparatus of claim 1 wherein the power conversion means comprises a plurality of planetary out-put gears, a driven sun gear and a ring gear.
4. The torque applying apparatus of claim 3 wherein said ring gear is rotatively mounted and said ring gear is yield-ingly restrained.
5. The torque applying apparatus of claim 4 wherein said yielding restraint is supplied by a fluid clutch.
6. The torque applying apparatus of claim 5 wherein said fluid clutch is integral with said ring gear.
7. The torque applying apparatus of claim 5 wherein said fluid clutch is in drive contact withe said ring gear.
8. The torque applying apparatus of claim 1 wherein said means for accumulating rotations is a fluid clutch.
9. A power wrench comprising:
a pneumatically operated motor;
a sun gear driven by said motor;
a plurality of planetary gear driven by said sun gear;
an output spindle driven by said planetary gear;
a ring gear engaging said planetary gear to complete a planetary gear reduction set; and said ring gear being rotatively mounted and allowed to rotate in operation against the trestraint of a fluid clutch, said rotation being proportional to increase in torque, whereby, upon stall of said output spindle the resulting slippage in the planetary gear reduction set allows said motor to repeatedly apply its maximum output torque.
10. The power wrench of claim 9 wherein the fluid clutch body is fixed against rotation and a minimum inertial element of the clutch rotates with said ring gear.
CA236,988A 1974-11-12 1975-10-03 Controlled torque air motor Expired CA1039985A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US52317374A 1974-11-12 1974-11-12

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA1039985A true CA1039985A (en) 1978-10-10

Family

ID=24083948

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA236,988A Expired CA1039985A (en) 1974-11-12 1975-10-03 Controlled torque air motor

Country Status (8)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS5171439A (en)
BR (1) BR7507430A (en)
CA (1) CA1039985A (en)
DE (1) DE2547310A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2291347A1 (en)
GB (1) GB1521989A (en)
IT (1) IT1048665B (en)
SE (1) SE424413B (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2389047A2 (en) * 1977-04-27 1978-11-24 Messier Hispano Sa Mechanical-hydraulic damper for vibrated load - incorporates hydraulic circuit converter with reversible pump and attached control valve
US4858493A (en) * 1987-05-04 1989-08-22 Sundstrand Corporation Multi-range, dissipative, infinitely variable ratio transmission
DE3739723C1 (en) * 1987-11-24 1989-06-22 Ernst Guthmann Differential gear mechanism with an infinitely variable transmission ratio
JPH0740641Y2 (en) * 1989-11-01 1995-09-20 鋼鈑工業株式会社 Air motor with clutch
DE102018103619B3 (en) * 2018-02-19 2019-01-24 Pierburg Gmbh Linear actuator for a valve of a motor vehicle

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR910338A (en) * 1944-11-16 1946-06-04 Gradual speed change
FR920407A (en) * 1945-09-28 1947-04-08 Improvements to differential torque converter mechanisms to use their reactions
DE1150630B (en) * 1956-02-02 1963-06-20 Descutter Brothers Ltd Motor-driven screwing tool
DE2200035C3 (en) * 1971-01-06 1984-09-27 Rockwell International Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa. Tool for tightening fasteners such as screws
DE2104190A1 (en) * 1971-01-29 1972-08-17 Bosch Gmbh Robert DEVICE FOR LIMITING A TORQUE
BE791093A (en) * 1971-12-30 1973-03-01 Gardner Denver Co TOOL SPEED AUTOMATIC VARIATOR
CA997598A (en) * 1973-01-22 1976-09-28 Reginald W. Pauley Power wrench with rotatively mounted motor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE7512176L (en) 1976-05-13
FR2291347B1 (en) 1982-10-15
GB1521989A (en) 1978-08-23
SE424413B (en) 1982-07-19
FR2291347A1 (en) 1976-06-11
BR7507430A (en) 1976-08-10
DE2547310A1 (en) 1976-05-13
IT1048665B (en) 1980-12-20
JPS5171439A (en) 1976-06-21

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