CA1036430A - Machine for inserting seed and fertilizer into the ground - Google Patents
Machine for inserting seed and fertilizer into the groundInfo
- Publication number
- CA1036430A CA1036430A CA266,030A CA266030A CA1036430A CA 1036430 A CA1036430 A CA 1036430A CA 266030 A CA266030 A CA 266030A CA 1036430 A CA1036430 A CA 1036430A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- machine according
- hoeing
- ground
- shares
- share
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C7/00—Sowing
- A01C7/06—Seeders combined with fertilising apparatus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B63/00—Lifting or adjusting devices or arrangements for agricultural machines or implements
- A01B63/002—Devices for adjusting or regulating the position of tools or wheels
- A01B63/008—Vertical adjustment of tools
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C7/00—Sowing
- A01C7/20—Parts of seeders for conducting and depositing seed
- A01C7/201—Mounting of the seeding tools
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Working Implements (AREA)
- Fertilizing (AREA)
- Sowing (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
The invention relates to a machine for inserting seed and fertilizer into the ground. The machine comprises a frame, a storage tank, and a plurality of hoeing shares supported by the frame when the machine is in operation. The hoeing shares are adapted to move individually, in a vertical plane, by means of holding devices, and the shares are arranged in at least three rows spaced one behind the other. The hoeing shares are further provided with laterally spaced cutting surfaces which converge forwardly and form an acute angle of attack in relation to the surface of the ground, as seen in the operating direction.
Seed and fertilizer is fed to the said hoeing shares, from the relevant storage tank, in adjustable quantities, by a metering mechanism and through pipelines. The attachment parts on the frame, for the holding devices, have a large ground clearance.
In accordance with the invention, the holding devices for the hoeing shares each comprise a parallel guide in a vertical plane, so that the acute angle of attack of the cutting surfaces of the hoeing shares, in relation to the surface of the ground, remains unchanged when the shares are moved in a vertical plane, the shares being also equipped with guide elements maintaining their depth in the ground.
The invention relates to a machine for inserting seed and fertilizer into the ground. The machine comprises a frame, a storage tank, and a plurality of hoeing shares supported by the frame when the machine is in operation. The hoeing shares are adapted to move individually, in a vertical plane, by means of holding devices, and the shares are arranged in at least three rows spaced one behind the other. The hoeing shares are further provided with laterally spaced cutting surfaces which converge forwardly and form an acute angle of attack in relation to the surface of the ground, as seen in the operating direction.
Seed and fertilizer is fed to the said hoeing shares, from the relevant storage tank, in adjustable quantities, by a metering mechanism and through pipelines. The attachment parts on the frame, for the holding devices, have a large ground clearance.
In accordance with the invention, the holding devices for the hoeing shares each comprise a parallel guide in a vertical plane, so that the acute angle of attack of the cutting surfaces of the hoeing shares, in relation to the surface of the ground, remains unchanged when the shares are moved in a vertical plane, the shares being also equipped with guide elements maintaining their depth in the ground.
Description
1~3~43~
; The invention relates to a machine for inserting feed and fertilizer into the ground.
The machine comprises a frame, a storage tank and a pLurality of hoeing shares supported on the said frame when the machine is in operation, the said hoeing shares being adapted to move individually, in a vertical plane, by means of holding devices, and being arranged in three rows spaced one behind the other, and also being provided with laterally spaced cutting surfaces which converge forwardly and form an acute angle of attack towards the surface of the ground, as seen in the oper-ating direction, the material to be discharged being fed to the hoeing shares from the relevant storage tank, in adjustable quantities, by a metering mechanism and through pipelines, the attachment parts on the frame for the holding devices having a large ground clearance.
A machine of the design described above is already known. The advantage of this machine is that it allows the seed or fertilizer to be applied to a poorly prepared seed bed or even to a harvested field of stubble since, even when the rows are narrow, the hoeing shares arranged in rows at right angles to the direction of travel, and their holding devices, are so far apart, and the attachment parts on the frame for the said holding devices have such a large ground clearance, that it is highly unlikely that the machine will be rendered unserviceable as a result of the spaces between the shares being obstructed by vegetable matter or clods of earth. Another advantage is that the grains of material may be distributed under the hoeing shares, and the lateral cutting surfaces thereof, within the wide furrows formed by the shares, so that they are deposited in wide strips at large distances apart. This so-called strip-sowing method is preferred today in practice since, if properly applied, it increases the harvest yield.
However, the d~sa3vantage of this machine is that the depth of the share, and thus the depth at which the material is deposited in the ground, cannot be maintained with the necessary accuracy. This disadvantage is mainly attributable to the fact that the holding devices have vertical carriers curved in the operating direction, the hoeing shares being attached to the lower ends of these carriers, whereas the upper ends thereof are attached pivotably to the frame under variable spring load-ing. If the spring loading is adjusted to such a high value that the carriers pivot rearwardly only when the shares strike hard clods, rocks, or other obstacles in the ground, then, under normal conditions, all of the shares and the frame constitute a rigid unit. This means that individual shares cannot adapt to the surface of the ground, but run at a specific depth in rela-tion to the treads of the tyres of the machine. Since the sur-face of the ground is never level, especially in the case of fields which have been harvested and not re-tilled, but have unevenly distributed bumps and depressions, possibly arising from the tracks of the harvesting machines, it is impossible to prevent some of the shares from penetrating deeply into the ground, while others emerge temporarily from the ground upon encountering depressions. As a result of this, some of the seeds sprout at widely diEfering times, which means that parts of the crop ripen at different times. Furthermore, in the deep furrows there may be gaps with no seeds. In both cases there is an inevitable reduction in yield.
There is also the disadvantage that the average depth of penetration of all shares varies frequently while the machine is in use. For instance, if the storage tanks are full, the tyres of the machine sink deeper into the ground and the treads are compressed to a greater degree than when the storage tanks are almost empty. Thus, as the amount of material in the storage ~36430 tanks decreases, the average depth of penetration of the shares also decreases gradually and to a considerable degree, returning once more to a maximum when the storage tanks are refilled.
Especially during dry weather, this causes a considerable varia-tion in the times at which the seeds sprout, which means, espe-cially in countries or regions where winter comes early, that some of the grain must be harvested before it is ripe, in order to avoid the risk of losing the entire crop by frost.
Even if the spring-loading of the carriers is substan-tially reduced, so that the said carriers may pivot to the rear and upwards to a greater or lesser extent, depending upon the loads applied thereto, this does not adequately overcome the problems mentioned above. This is attributable to the fact that because of the almost vertical arrangement of the carrier pivot-bolts above the tips of the hoeing shares, the said carrier must pivot through a large distance before there is any effective change in the depth of penetration of the shares. Furthermore, the pressure applied to the shares varies, not only in relation to the depth of penetration, but also as a result of variations in soil density. Since soil is never fully homogeneous, espe-cially in untilled fields, the shares are constantly being pivoted back in different degrees against the tension of the springs as the machine is being used. As a result of this, not only is the depth of penetration of the shares into the ground being constantly altered, even if only to a slight extent, but there is also a considerable and constant variation in the angle of attack of the cu-tting surfaces of the said shares. Thus, the lumpier, heavier and the more overgrown the soil, the more appar-ent the foregoing phenomena, and any increase in operating speed adds to the effect.
An additional disadvantage of the foregoing phenomena is that if the angle of attack of the cutting surfaces of the ~3643~
shares is increased, the soil is turned aside like the bow-wave of a ship. In fact, if the speed is high enough, the soil may even be projected, so that the wide furrows produced by the hoe-ing shares, and therefore the material placed therein, are left completely uncovered and must be covered over by special brushers or harrows.
Now the known machine is equipped with the hoeing shares described above mainly to make it possible to insert seed and fertilizer into the ground in harvested fields of stubble or .
fields overgrown with vegetation, without prior ploughing up or other processing, i.e. without destroying soil capillarity, without impairing the biological soil equilibrium indispensable for growth, and with no danger of drying out -the ground, during cultivation, in countries with extremely low rainfall. However, it is precise-ly on such ground that the above-mentioned disadvantages have their most serious effects, since the materials are not only deposited at different depths, but the soil projected laterally, and held together by the roots, cannot be properly restored to the furrows, or even restored thereto at all, by brushers or seeding combs.
This makes re-harrowing, or the like, necessary, with the danger of some of the seed or fertilizer grains being ripped out of the furrows again and being distributed loosely and at random over the surface of the ground, with insufficient contact for the seeds to sprout and the fertilizer to dissolve.
Even if, as in the case of the sowing machine disclosed in ~erman Disclosure Text 23 10 805`,, the hinge pins for the car-riPrs are arranged well ahead of the tips of the shares, this brings about scarcely any improvement, since the depth of penetra-tion and angle of attack of the shares are still dependant upon the nature of the ground, the growth thereon, and the operating speed.
US Patent 3 901 169, August 28, 1975, Edmond André
1~36~3~
Henri Ribouleau, discloses a machine for sowing individual grains, in which the holding devices for the sowing unit as a w~lole, and therefore for the shares, which resemble those used in snow-ploughs, each have parallel guides in vertical planes. This ensures that the angle of attack of the shares in reLation to the surface of the g~ound does not alter when the sowing assemblies move in vertical planes. Furthermore, in this machine each share is connected to a guide roller running in front and a pres-sure roller located at the rear, in order to control the depth .
of penetration of the share in relation to the surface of the ground and to press the seed into the furrows formed by the shares. In this machine, however, even the shape of the share, and the arrangement of the metering elements just above the surface of the ground, means that single seeds can be sown in a well prepared seed bed. ~2wever, it is precisely on such well prepared and loosened soil that the total weight of the machine affects the absolute depth of penetration of the share, and -therefore the depth of the seed in the soil, in spite of the guide rollers and compression rollers. Since in this machine each share is rigidly connected to a storage tank, and since the entire weight of the machine rests upon the two rollers, the shares will penetrate further into the ground when the stor-age tank is full than when it is empty.
~iFinally, US Patent 2 834 446 d~iscloses a design of hoeing share for drill~ploughs, the said share consisting of a ch~pping blade and attachment and being secured, by means of bolts, detachably to the upright carrier of the holding device, not shown. This share is also equipped with guide elements designed to maintain a depth of penetration as uniform as pos-sible, the said guide elements consisting of the cutting sur-faces of the chopping blades which run flatly towards the rear.
A distributor is also arranged below the outlet aperture, opening into the said attachment, in the pipe for the seed-supply lines.
As may be gathered from the drawing, and from the description of the example, in this prior publication, the share is connected to the frame of the machine by means of a holding device in the same way as in the first of the known machines described above. This machine therefore also has the same serious disadvantages, in spite of the guide elements provided.
Moreover, the distributor elements located below the outlet apertures do not ensure that the s~ed is applied to the ground in a broad strip, in fact they even prevent this, since their upper impact surfaces are closed off at the rear and merge into roof-shaped guide parts by means of which the seed may be sown in the ground only in two rows.
It is the purpose of the invention to improve the first of the known machines mentioned above in such a manner that the material is inserted into the ground as flatly as possible, by the strip-sowing method, at a uniform depth, and with simultaneous covering of the seed discharged onto the `~0 ground, with the aid of a hoeing share, regardless of the type of ground involved, the condition of the ground, and the nature of the surface thereof, and the amount of overgrowth, at all operating speeds of the machine, and regardless of the amount - of material in the storage tanks.
According to the invention, this purpose is achieved in that -the holding devices for the hoeing shares each comprise, a parallel guide in a vertical plane, so that the acute angle of attack of the cutting surfaces of the hoeing shares, in rela-tion to the surface of the ground, remains unchanged when the shares are moved in a vertical plane, the said hoeing shares also being equipped with guide elements maintaining their depth in the ground.
- 6 - `
`" . ~.
,: . , ~1~)36430 This design, in conjunction with the angle of the cutting surfaces in relation to the ground, and the effective size of the guide surfaces, ensures a specific depth of penetration of the hoeing shares into the ground. If, for instance, while the machine is in operation, pressure is applied, in a direction opposite to the operating direction, to the cutting surfaces set at their acute angle of attack, this produces a force com-ponent at right angles to the ground, and this allows the hoe-ing share to penetrate into the ground until this force equals the firmness of the soil acting upon the guide elements in the opposite direction. Since this force component and the firmness of the ground are less in the case of light soil than in the case of heavy and/or wet soil, the depth of penetration will be approximately the same for all types of soil, and will remain constant while the machine is in use. For the same reason, the depth of the hoeing share in relation to the surface of the ground will also be sufficiently uniform when the surface of the ground is uneven, since these forces acting upon the cutting surfaces and the guide elements vary to the same extent both in hollows and over mounds and, on the other hand, the angle of attack of the cutting surfaces remains constant even when the hoeing shares are moved in a vertical plane. Moreover, since each share is associated with a holding device equipped with a parallel guide in a vertical plane, whereas the weight of the machine is supported, completely independently thereof, by the chassis, it is possible to adapt each hoeing share to the surface of the ground. For the same reason, -the hoeing shares adjust themselves at all times to a specific depth of penetration, regardless of the amount of material in the storage tanks.
Now if under certain conditions, for example heavily overgrown field surfaces or stubble, or at high operating speeds, different relationships arise between the pressure acting upon ~a~364;~0 the cutting surfaces of the hoeing shares in a direction opposite to the operating direction, and thus between the vertical force component thereof and the ground firmness acting in the oppo-site direction, although the share will penetrate into the ground to a greater or lesser depth until these forces are in equilibrium, this depth of penetration will again remain co~
stant for the same type of ground surface and the same operating speed.
Keeping the acute angle of attack of the cutting sur-faces of the share constant ensures that the share, travelling at the appropriate depth, will merely lift the soil and replace it, behind the share, upon the material placed in the furrows, thus providing adequate coverage therefor. At the same time, roots and vegetation covering the field will be cut through and further growth thus prevented. This also ensures that the seed grains introduced into the soil are not deprived, by the said vegetation, of the nutrients and moisture required for growth, or stifled.
If the cutting surfaces projecting laterally from the hoeing sharesare, as a whole, at least approximately flat sur-faces, then the flow of the soil lifted by the shares over the said cutting surfaces will be improved to such an extent that adequate coverage of the material laid in the furrows will be achieved even at high operating speeds, without any additional aids.
According to one preferred example of embodiment, the guide elements, in a manner known per se, are in the form of rollers and are staggered laterally in relation to the hoeing shares. This additionally relieves the shares of the weight of the guide rollers, and they therefore tend to penetrate more ~30 deeply into the soil. This, however, is prevented by the guide rollers which accurately sense the surface of the ground at the side of the shares. Thus, as well as the additional advantage :
~L~J36~30 of low frictional resistance of these guide elements, this ensures accurate determination of the depth of penetration, and keeps this depth constant. If the said guide rollers are also verti-cally adjustable in relation to the hoeing shares, each type of seed may be sown at the best depth for rapid sprouting. The differences in depth required is generally between 2 and 5 cm, but may reach 10 cm in exceptional cases.
The invention also provides for a pressure roller to be connected to each hoeing share, in a manner known per se, the said roller running upon the ground behind the share. This still further improves the contact with the soil necessary to allow the seeds to sprout and the fertilizer to dissolve. Furthermore, this direct connection of a pressure roller to each share, in contrast to the usual arrangement in machines having several rows of shares one behind the other, where all of the pressure rollers are arranged in a row behind all of the shares, has the advantage that the machine remains exactly over the furrows both when it is travelling around slight curves or across a slope. It is also desirable for each pressure roller to be adjustable in height in relation to the share, since this provides particularly satis-factory adaptation of depth penetration to soil conditions.
Even when in the case of fields having widely varying soil condi-tions, the depth penetration of the guide rollers, and thus of the shares differ as a result of the weight of the complete hold-ing devices, the set vertical distance between the tips of the shares and the guide rollers, and the ground thickness between the grains of the materials and the pressure rollers, remain constant.
According to another preferred example of embodiment of the invention, the angle of attack of the cuttlng surfaces of the shares, in relation to the surface of the ground in the oper-.
~ 3643~
ating direction, is adjustable. This provides for additional adaptation of the work carried out by the shares under extremely adverse operating conditions. Thus in the case of fields covered with stubble and dense overgrowth, the cutting surfaces are adjus-ted to a somewhat larger angle of attack, in order to achieve rapid and certain penetration of the share, through the growth, into the soil. This adjustment is also useful when fields of stubble are left with deep wheel-ruts from the heavy harvesting and harvest-salvaging machines used in the previous harvesting operation, since the guide elements make it possible for the shares to adapt quite quickly to ground irregularities. The ~-` danger that increasing the said angle of attack may leave theseed behind the shares inadequately covered is eliminated by the fact that the top, heavily rooted, and therefore cohesive layer of soil in a field of stubble is more difficult to project side-ways than a layer of soil of a crumbly nature. Thus in the case of looser soils, the flattest possible angle of attack will be preferred for the cutting surfaces. It has been found in prac-tice that a range of 8 - 25 is sufficient for the adjustment of the angle of attack.
As claimed herein, the invention comprises a machine for inserting seed and fertilizer into the ground, the said machine comprising: a frame, a storage tank, and a plurality of hoeing shares supported by the said frame when the machine is in operation, the said hoeing shares being adapted to move individually, in a vertical plane, by means of holding devices, the hoeing shares being arranged in three rows spaced one behind the other, and being provided with laterally spaced cutting surfaces which converge forwardly and form an acute angle of ~:.
attack in relation to the surface of the ground, as seen in the operating direction, the seed and fertilizer being fed to the said hoeing shares, from the relevant storage tank, in adjustable ~03643~
quantities, by a metering mechanism and through pipelines, the attachment parts on the frame, for the said holding devices, having a large ground clearance, characterized in that the hold-ing devices for the hoeing shares each comprising, a parallel guide in a vertical plane, so that the acute angle of attack of the cutting surfaces of the hoeing shares, in relation to the surface of the ground, remains unchanged when the said shares are moved in a vertical plane, the said shares being also equipped with guide elements maintaining their depth in the ground.
The guide elements may be formed by the rear ends of the cutting surfaces each of which has a supporting surface running parallel with the surface of the ground.
Laterally projecting cutting surfaces of the hoeing shares are at least approximately flat surfaces. Each of the parallel guides may have an upright guide part in which the holding devices are arranged to move up and down. The holding devices are preferably fitted with rotatably mounted rollers, while the guide parts are tubular, the said rollers bearing against the inner walls of the said tubular guide parts.
The parallel guides may be made, in the form of paral-lelograms and have struts, in two rows one above the other, connected by hinges, on the one hand to the holding devices and on the other hand, to the connecting parts on the frame.
The angle of attack of the cutting surfaces of the hoeing shares is preferably variable in relation to the surface of the ground, as seen in the operating direction with an adjust-ment range of 8 to 25 is provided for the angle of attack. Each .
holding device may be equipped with an upright carrier at the lower end of which is located the hoeing share, the said carrier extending, when the said share is in the operative condition, for some distance freely, in a downard direction, out of the parallel guide and having a flat surface upon its front side, and in that ~36~30 the part of the carrier close above the cutting surfaces of the said hoeing share, forms, in the operative condition, al~d at least approximate right angle with the surface of the ground.
Each hoeing share may also consist, of a chopping blade and an attachment part fitted detachably and having a flat surface on its front side, and in that this flat surface forms, when the said hoeing share is in its operative position, and approximate right angle with the surface of the ground.
~ The chopping blade ~ay also be secured detachably to the attachment part. The attachment part can have an extension plate projecting rearwardly behind each cutting surface of the chopping blade, the angle of attack of the said extenslon plates being substantially smaller than the ang~le of attack of the cut-ting surfaces of the chopping blade in relation to the ground, as seen in the operating direction The carriers may be of a tubular design and of elongated cross section, and in that the plpelines open into the said carriers. A lower outlet aperture of each tubular carrier is preferahly located within the hoeing share and merges into rear wall aperture arranged in the rear wall of the carrier, the said rear wall aperture extending in the area above the cutting surfaces of the hoeing.
The invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings which show a preferred form thereof and wherein:
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the machine according to the invention;
Fig. 2 is a rear view of the hoeing share of this machine, to an enlarged scale, Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section through the same share, Fig. ~ is a plan view of the same share Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section through the holding device for the machine according to Fig~ 1, with a different hoeing share, Fig. 6 is a section of the holding device in Fig. 5 along the line A - B and in plan view;
Fig. 7 is another design of holding device for the machine according to Fig. 1, in side elevation, Fig. 8 is a longitudinal section through the lower part of the carrier, with its hoeing share, of the holding device according to Fig. 7, to an enlarged scale, Fig. 9 is a side elevation of the adjustable hinge of the holding device, also to an enlarged scale, and Fig. 10 is a plan view of the hinge according to Fig. 9.
Referring to Fig. 1, the machine is equipped with a frame 1 running on two front castoring wheeLs 2 and one rear castoring wheel 3 on the ground 4, the said rear castoring wheel ... .
being adapted to be locked in the operating direction 5 and at right angles thereto. A traction towing device 6 is connected detachably to the front of frame 1. Also secured to frame 1 are two storage tanks 7,8 combined into a unit. Located below frame 1 are hoeing shares 9 arranged in three rows one behind the other and spaced apart, each share being fitted to a holding device lO adapt~d to move up and down in a parallel guide 11, these parallel guides being detachably secured to connecting parts 12 welded to frame 1. For transporting travel, holding devices 10, with shares 9, are raised by means of cables 13 and hydraulic cylinders 14 until they bear against the said parallel guides 11.
Storage tanks 7,8 are each equipped with a number of outlet apertures 16 arranged side by side and adapted to be closed off by means of slides 15, each tank having a metering mechanism 17 consisting essentially of delivery wheels 18 located external-ly of outlet apertures 16 and adapted to be driven, in a manner known per se, at varying r.p.m.. In order to spread the fer-ti-103643a~
lizer necessary for the satisfactory development of the growing plants, and the seed, in a single operation, one of the s-torage tanks is filled with fertilizer and the other with seed. The materials 19, supplied in the required amounts by delivery wheels 18, pass to divided collecting trough 20, whence they reach the ground through hoselines 21 and hoeing shares 9.
As shown quite clearly in Figs. 2 to 4, hoeing shares 9 have two laterally projecting cutting surfaces 22~which enclose an obtuse angle ~ in the downward direction. These cutting sur-faces also converge forwardly to a tip 23 and form an acute angle of attac~ ~ in relation to the surface of the ground, as seen in the operating direction 5. For use under special conditions, cutting surfaces 22 may also enclose an obtuse angle ~ in the upward direction, or this angle may be 180. It is furthermore often desirable for the front of the share to-have a straight or curved cutting edge instead of the tip 23. The rear ends of cutting surfaces 23 are extended as guide elements 24, each having a flat supporting surface 25 running parallel with the surface 4 of the ground. This makes it easy to keep share 9 at a uniform depth in the ground.
By means of its attachment part 26, share 9 is secured detachably to upright, tubular carrier 27 of holding device 10, into which pipelines 21 open as shown in Fig~ 5. Both carrier 27 and attachment part 26 of share 9 have on their forward sides flat surfaces 28,29 forming an at least approximate right angle yin relation to the surface of the ground, in the operating position shown. The soil building up on these flat surfaces when the machine is in operation can thus form an angle to oper-ating direction 5 correspondjllg to their condition, as a result of which the soil is pushed only slightly sideways, depending upon the ability of the said soil to flow, and then falls back onto furrow 30 formed by cutting surfaces 22. This also prevents _ lDr --~J369~30 earth and vegetation sliding upwardly upon the carrier and falling back on each side of furrow 30 onto the surface 4 of the ground.
Furthermore, tubular carrier 27 has an elongated cross section, as seen in operating direction 5, so that although it provides an adequate free passage for the materials from the storage tanks, it does not spread the soil lifted by cutting surfaces 22 widely apart. It also allows any vegetation in the upper layer of the soil to slide easily away.
Located at the lower end of tubular carrier 27, termi-nating inside share 9, is an outlet aperture 31 which merges into an opening 33 arranged in rear wall 32 of carrier 27. This prevents any interruption of the flow material from carrier 27, even under unfavourable operating conditions, for instance a large amount of residual straw lying upon the surface 4 of the ground.
Distributor element 34 is secured to the front wall of carrier 27 in the vicinity of outlet aperture 31, impact surface 35 of the said distributor element projecting rearwardly into the free space formed by cutting surfaces 22, outlet aperture 31, and aperture 33. Here again, any interruption in the flow of material is prevented, even in the case of wet, highly cohesive soil, since particles of soil, building up from below onto the distributing element, can form only a cone corresponding to their condition, even under the most adverse conditions, and this will still leave the upper part of aperture 33 free. Now in order to achieve optimal distribution of the particles 19 of material descending through tubular carrier 27, over the entire width of furrow 30 formed by cutting surface 22, rear wall 32 is bent slightly, above aperture 33, towards the front side 28 of carrier 27.
Figs~ 5 and 6 show details of holding device 10 of the machine illustrated in Fig. 1. According to this, holding device ~6~36~3(1 10 consists of a tubular carrier 27, a guide plate 36 welded tothe upper part thereof, and four rollers 37 mounted rotatably thereon. Parallel guide 11 also has an upright guide part 38 of tubular design, rollers 37 bearing against inner wall 39 there-of. This design is characterized by particularly easy access and in that rollers 37, the mountings thereof, and inner wall 39 serving as a guide, are very simply protected against damage.
The said guide parts could obviously also be in the form of open sliding rails, not shown, the holding devices being equipped with smooth sliding surfaces bearing externally or internally against the sliding rails.
Located at the upper end of tubular carrier 27 are two inlet connections 40, the one pointing obliquely forwardly and upwardly and the other obliquely rearwardly and upwardly. The purpose of this arrangement is to make it possible to connect pipelines 21 to one of inlet connections 40 from the front or from the back, depending upon the position of carrier 27, thus avoiding any sharp bends in pipelines 21. Also connected to the upper end of carrier 27 is cable 13 for raising and lowering the hoeing shares.
In this example of embodiment, hoeing share 41 is fitted to the lower end of carrier 27, the said share consisting of a chopping blade 42 and an attachment part 43, the said blade being secured detachably -to the said attachment part, in a manner to be described hereinafter, and the said attachment part being secured detachably to carrier 27. This design has the advantage that, when chopping blade 42 becomes worn, it may be replaced by a simi-lar blade or by a blade of a different configuration, should it be desired to vary the width of the strlp of material applied to the ground. In principle, chopping blade 42 is of exactly the same design as hoeing share 9, except that the two lateral cutting surfaces 44 of chopping blade 42 are designed, as a whole, as ~36~;~0 flat areas. Moreover, upright carrier 27 and attachment part 43 each have a flat 28 on their front sides, the said flat forming an approximate right angle y~in relation to the ground when hoe-ing share 41 is in its operative position.
Also located on carrier 27, above aperture 33, is a rearwardly_projecting, offset holder 45, on which is arranyed, by means of an attachment plate 46, the shaft 47 upon which pressure roller 48 and guide roller 49 are mounted rotatably.
Both rollers are made in one piece, pressure roller 48 being located immediately behind hoeing share 41, whereas yuide roller 49 rolls, when in use, upon the surface 4 of the ground at the side of furrow 30. In this case, pressure roller 48 may be narrower, but not wider, than furrow 30. Moreover the diameter of pressure roller 48 is larger than that of yuide roller 49, thus improving the pressing of the strip of seed. This form of execution is noted for the great simplicity of its design.
In order to make it possible to alter the depth of penetration of share 41 and cutting surfaces 44 into the ground, attachment plate 46 lS arranged to pivot upon holder 45 about pin 50, the range of pivoting being determined by the length of hole 52 at upper attachment point 51. In order to make it possi-ble to lock attachment plate 46 to holder 45, without any special tools, in any desired position, upper attachment point 51 is in the form of a screw with a win~ nut 53.
For the purpose of altering the angle of attack ~ of cutting surfaces 44, guide part 38 of parallel guide 11 is arranged to pivot on connecting part 12 by means of pin 54. The degree of pivot is restricted by the elongated hole in lower link,s 55, through which screw 57 is passed, the said screw carrying a wing '30 nut 56.
In the example of embodiment illustrated in Figs. 7 to 10, connecting parts 58 secured to frame 1 each have two sheet-, ~036430 metal plates 59, upon which the parallelogram-type guides 60 are arranged to pivot, each of the said guides consisting of two upper stn1ts 61 and two lower struts 62, the said struts being arranged pivotably, by hinges 63,64, on the one hand to the two sheet-metal plates 59 and, on the other hand, to the holding device 65. In order to improve the lateral guidance, plates 59 run rearwardly from hinges 63,64, on both sides, with little clearance, along the length of struts 61,62.
Holding device 65 has a tubular carrier 66, to the lower, bent part 67 of which attachment part 69 of hoeing share 69 is secured by means of bolts 70. Again secured to this attachment-part 68, by means of countersunk screws 71, is the same chop-ping blade 42 used in the example of embodiment according to ; Figs. 5 and 6, cutting surfaces 44 thereof also enclosing an acute angle l3 with the surface 4 of the ground~ as seen in operating direction 5.
In addition to distributor element 34 arranged below outlet aperture 31 in the lower part 67 of the carrier and having its impact surface 35 open towards the rear, attachment part 68 also has an extension plate 72 projecting rearwardly beyond each of the cutting surfaces 44 of chopping blade 42, angle of attack ~ thereof, in relation to surface 4 of the ground, being substantially less than that of cutting surfaces 44. mese extension plates extend rearwardly the cavity 73 formed by chopping blades 42 below outlet aperture 31 in lower part 67 of the carrier, so that, at any operating speed, particles 19 of material may be distributed reliably and uniformly over the entire width of the said cavity, without first being covered with earth and having their distribution impeded. The flatter angle of attack ~ of extension plates 72 in turn prevents the earth lifted by cutting surfaces 44 from sliding away laterally and thus covering part cles 19 inadequately. Finally, as in the ~l~1364;~
case of the examples of embodiment previously described, lower part 67 of carrier 66 is provided with a flat surface 2,3, and - attachment part 68 is provided with a flat surface 29, on their front faces forming an at least approximate right angle ~ with surface 4 of the ground when hoeing share 69 is in its operative position.
In contrast to holding device 10 illustrated in Fig.
5, the upper part of carrier 66 constitutes a forwardly sloping inlet connection, whereas rearwardly sloping inlet connection 74 is welded to lower part 67 of the carrier above rear aperture 33 and above forwardly bent rear wall 32. Pipelines 21 may open either, as shown, into the upper part of carrier 66, or into inlet connection i4. Also secured to inlet connection 74 is an offset holder 75 for shaft 47, which again carries pressure rol-ler 48 and guide roller 49 integral therewith.
As shown clearly in Fig. 7, struts 61 and 62 assume a slightly sloping position in relation to operating direction 5 when hoeing share 69 is engaged in the ground in its operative position. Moreover, lower struts 62 project beyond pin 76 in hinge 64, as seen in Fig. 9, the front ends of the said struts being united by cross-piece 77. Arranged between cross-piece 77 and hinge pin 76 is a resilient element in the form of a rubber buffer 78. On this side, struts 62 also have elongated holes 79, through which hinge pin 76 is passed.
This design provides double protection against damage for hoeing share 69, holding device 65, parallel guide 60, and connecting parts 58, should the said share strike a rock or some other obstacle in the ground. In the first place, rubber buffer 78 allows share 69 to deflect to the rear. Furthermore, the impact produces, in sloping struts 61,62, an upwardly directed force component which is enough to lift the share briefly out of the ground in order to pass over the obstacle. On the other 11)3643~
hand, the slight slope of struts 61,62 prevents the increasing soil resistance at hlgh operating speeds from reducing the depth of penetration of share 69 against the downwardly directed forces produced by the angle of attack ~ of cutting surfaces 44 and the weight of holding devices 65, pressure rollers 48, and guide rollers 49. Rubber buffer 78, or some other resilient element, may o~ course also be arranged at one of the other hinges 63.
Now in this example of embodiment, in order to be able to vary both the depth of penetration of share 69 into the ground and the angle of attack ~ of cutting surfaces 44 in relation to the surface of the ground, to cope with special conditions, hinges 64 in sheet-metal plates 79 are provided with elongated holes 80 pointing downwardly, hinge pins 76 passing through these holes.
Hinge pins 76 are also connected, by means of linkage 81, to shaft 82 and eccentric arm 83, the latter being arranged to pivot upon frame 1 about pin 84 and being connected to actuating lever 85. Each linkage 81 consists of a fork 86 pivoting about hinge pin 76, and has a threaded bolt 87, a turnbuckle 88, and a threaded part 89 mounted rotatably upon shaft 82 and connected by means of turnbuckle 88 to threaded bolt 87. Located at the upper end of actuating lever 85 is a handle 90 connected, by means of a wire 91, with a locking pin 93 enyaging in adjustment segment 92~
Now if the locking pin is lifted off segment 92 by moving handle 90 in the direction of arrow 94, and actuating lever 84 is pivoted in a forward direction, hinge pin 76 in elongated holes 80 moves obliquely downwards to the rear. This displaces lower strut 62 in a direction opposite to operating direction 5, and holding device 65, with share 69 and guide roller 49, are also pivoted to the rear through a corresponding angle. The result of this pivoting motion is that angle of attack ~ of cutting surfaces 44 in relation to the surface of ~i;3643~
the ground and, in view of the distance between hoeing share 69 and guide roller 49, the depth of penetration of the said share into the ground also, is increased. Since all parallel guides 60 are connected to actuating lever 85 by shaft 82, all shares 69 of the machine undergo the same changes. In -this connection, turnbuckles 88 make it possible to compensate for any differences in the basic settings of shares 69.
Now the intentional and adjustable increase in angle of attack ~ and, simultaneously, of the depth of penetration of share 69 into the ground, in no way impair the operation of the machine since, if share 69 penetrates more deeply, the layer of earth above cutting surfaces 44 is deeper. This earth coheres to a large degree and therefore falls back again, behind the share onto furrow 30 produced by cutting surfaces 44, thus cover-ing particles 19 of material.
In the case of the example of embodiment illustrated in Figs. 7 to 10, in order to make it possible to lift share 69, pressure roller 48, and guide roller 49 from the ground, holding devices 65 are connected by a cable 13, according to Fig. 1, to hydraulic cylinder 14 on the machine.
; The invention relates to a machine for inserting feed and fertilizer into the ground.
The machine comprises a frame, a storage tank and a pLurality of hoeing shares supported on the said frame when the machine is in operation, the said hoeing shares being adapted to move individually, in a vertical plane, by means of holding devices, and being arranged in three rows spaced one behind the other, and also being provided with laterally spaced cutting surfaces which converge forwardly and form an acute angle of attack towards the surface of the ground, as seen in the oper-ating direction, the material to be discharged being fed to the hoeing shares from the relevant storage tank, in adjustable quantities, by a metering mechanism and through pipelines, the attachment parts on the frame for the holding devices having a large ground clearance.
A machine of the design described above is already known. The advantage of this machine is that it allows the seed or fertilizer to be applied to a poorly prepared seed bed or even to a harvested field of stubble since, even when the rows are narrow, the hoeing shares arranged in rows at right angles to the direction of travel, and their holding devices, are so far apart, and the attachment parts on the frame for the said holding devices have such a large ground clearance, that it is highly unlikely that the machine will be rendered unserviceable as a result of the spaces between the shares being obstructed by vegetable matter or clods of earth. Another advantage is that the grains of material may be distributed under the hoeing shares, and the lateral cutting surfaces thereof, within the wide furrows formed by the shares, so that they are deposited in wide strips at large distances apart. This so-called strip-sowing method is preferred today in practice since, if properly applied, it increases the harvest yield.
However, the d~sa3vantage of this machine is that the depth of the share, and thus the depth at which the material is deposited in the ground, cannot be maintained with the necessary accuracy. This disadvantage is mainly attributable to the fact that the holding devices have vertical carriers curved in the operating direction, the hoeing shares being attached to the lower ends of these carriers, whereas the upper ends thereof are attached pivotably to the frame under variable spring load-ing. If the spring loading is adjusted to such a high value that the carriers pivot rearwardly only when the shares strike hard clods, rocks, or other obstacles in the ground, then, under normal conditions, all of the shares and the frame constitute a rigid unit. This means that individual shares cannot adapt to the surface of the ground, but run at a specific depth in rela-tion to the treads of the tyres of the machine. Since the sur-face of the ground is never level, especially in the case of fields which have been harvested and not re-tilled, but have unevenly distributed bumps and depressions, possibly arising from the tracks of the harvesting machines, it is impossible to prevent some of the shares from penetrating deeply into the ground, while others emerge temporarily from the ground upon encountering depressions. As a result of this, some of the seeds sprout at widely diEfering times, which means that parts of the crop ripen at different times. Furthermore, in the deep furrows there may be gaps with no seeds. In both cases there is an inevitable reduction in yield.
There is also the disadvantage that the average depth of penetration of all shares varies frequently while the machine is in use. For instance, if the storage tanks are full, the tyres of the machine sink deeper into the ground and the treads are compressed to a greater degree than when the storage tanks are almost empty. Thus, as the amount of material in the storage ~36430 tanks decreases, the average depth of penetration of the shares also decreases gradually and to a considerable degree, returning once more to a maximum when the storage tanks are refilled.
Especially during dry weather, this causes a considerable varia-tion in the times at which the seeds sprout, which means, espe-cially in countries or regions where winter comes early, that some of the grain must be harvested before it is ripe, in order to avoid the risk of losing the entire crop by frost.
Even if the spring-loading of the carriers is substan-tially reduced, so that the said carriers may pivot to the rear and upwards to a greater or lesser extent, depending upon the loads applied thereto, this does not adequately overcome the problems mentioned above. This is attributable to the fact that because of the almost vertical arrangement of the carrier pivot-bolts above the tips of the hoeing shares, the said carrier must pivot through a large distance before there is any effective change in the depth of penetration of the shares. Furthermore, the pressure applied to the shares varies, not only in relation to the depth of penetration, but also as a result of variations in soil density. Since soil is never fully homogeneous, espe-cially in untilled fields, the shares are constantly being pivoted back in different degrees against the tension of the springs as the machine is being used. As a result of this, not only is the depth of penetration of the shares into the ground being constantly altered, even if only to a slight extent, but there is also a considerable and constant variation in the angle of attack of the cu-tting surfaces of the said shares. Thus, the lumpier, heavier and the more overgrown the soil, the more appar-ent the foregoing phenomena, and any increase in operating speed adds to the effect.
An additional disadvantage of the foregoing phenomena is that if the angle of attack of the cutting surfaces of the ~3643~
shares is increased, the soil is turned aside like the bow-wave of a ship. In fact, if the speed is high enough, the soil may even be projected, so that the wide furrows produced by the hoe-ing shares, and therefore the material placed therein, are left completely uncovered and must be covered over by special brushers or harrows.
Now the known machine is equipped with the hoeing shares described above mainly to make it possible to insert seed and fertilizer into the ground in harvested fields of stubble or .
fields overgrown with vegetation, without prior ploughing up or other processing, i.e. without destroying soil capillarity, without impairing the biological soil equilibrium indispensable for growth, and with no danger of drying out -the ground, during cultivation, in countries with extremely low rainfall. However, it is precise-ly on such ground that the above-mentioned disadvantages have their most serious effects, since the materials are not only deposited at different depths, but the soil projected laterally, and held together by the roots, cannot be properly restored to the furrows, or even restored thereto at all, by brushers or seeding combs.
This makes re-harrowing, or the like, necessary, with the danger of some of the seed or fertilizer grains being ripped out of the furrows again and being distributed loosely and at random over the surface of the ground, with insufficient contact for the seeds to sprout and the fertilizer to dissolve.
Even if, as in the case of the sowing machine disclosed in ~erman Disclosure Text 23 10 805`,, the hinge pins for the car-riPrs are arranged well ahead of the tips of the shares, this brings about scarcely any improvement, since the depth of penetra-tion and angle of attack of the shares are still dependant upon the nature of the ground, the growth thereon, and the operating speed.
US Patent 3 901 169, August 28, 1975, Edmond André
1~36~3~
Henri Ribouleau, discloses a machine for sowing individual grains, in which the holding devices for the sowing unit as a w~lole, and therefore for the shares, which resemble those used in snow-ploughs, each have parallel guides in vertical planes. This ensures that the angle of attack of the shares in reLation to the surface of the g~ound does not alter when the sowing assemblies move in vertical planes. Furthermore, in this machine each share is connected to a guide roller running in front and a pres-sure roller located at the rear, in order to control the depth .
of penetration of the share in relation to the surface of the ground and to press the seed into the furrows formed by the shares. In this machine, however, even the shape of the share, and the arrangement of the metering elements just above the surface of the ground, means that single seeds can be sown in a well prepared seed bed. ~2wever, it is precisely on such well prepared and loosened soil that the total weight of the machine affects the absolute depth of penetration of the share, and -therefore the depth of the seed in the soil, in spite of the guide rollers and compression rollers. Since in this machine each share is rigidly connected to a storage tank, and since the entire weight of the machine rests upon the two rollers, the shares will penetrate further into the ground when the stor-age tank is full than when it is empty.
~iFinally, US Patent 2 834 446 d~iscloses a design of hoeing share for drill~ploughs, the said share consisting of a ch~pping blade and attachment and being secured, by means of bolts, detachably to the upright carrier of the holding device, not shown. This share is also equipped with guide elements designed to maintain a depth of penetration as uniform as pos-sible, the said guide elements consisting of the cutting sur-faces of the chopping blades which run flatly towards the rear.
A distributor is also arranged below the outlet aperture, opening into the said attachment, in the pipe for the seed-supply lines.
As may be gathered from the drawing, and from the description of the example, in this prior publication, the share is connected to the frame of the machine by means of a holding device in the same way as in the first of the known machines described above. This machine therefore also has the same serious disadvantages, in spite of the guide elements provided.
Moreover, the distributor elements located below the outlet apertures do not ensure that the s~ed is applied to the ground in a broad strip, in fact they even prevent this, since their upper impact surfaces are closed off at the rear and merge into roof-shaped guide parts by means of which the seed may be sown in the ground only in two rows.
It is the purpose of the invention to improve the first of the known machines mentioned above in such a manner that the material is inserted into the ground as flatly as possible, by the strip-sowing method, at a uniform depth, and with simultaneous covering of the seed discharged onto the `~0 ground, with the aid of a hoeing share, regardless of the type of ground involved, the condition of the ground, and the nature of the surface thereof, and the amount of overgrowth, at all operating speeds of the machine, and regardless of the amount - of material in the storage tanks.
According to the invention, this purpose is achieved in that -the holding devices for the hoeing shares each comprise, a parallel guide in a vertical plane, so that the acute angle of attack of the cutting surfaces of the hoeing shares, in rela-tion to the surface of the ground, remains unchanged when the shares are moved in a vertical plane, the said hoeing shares also being equipped with guide elements maintaining their depth in the ground.
- 6 - `
`" . ~.
,: . , ~1~)36430 This design, in conjunction with the angle of the cutting surfaces in relation to the ground, and the effective size of the guide surfaces, ensures a specific depth of penetration of the hoeing shares into the ground. If, for instance, while the machine is in operation, pressure is applied, in a direction opposite to the operating direction, to the cutting surfaces set at their acute angle of attack, this produces a force com-ponent at right angles to the ground, and this allows the hoe-ing share to penetrate into the ground until this force equals the firmness of the soil acting upon the guide elements in the opposite direction. Since this force component and the firmness of the ground are less in the case of light soil than in the case of heavy and/or wet soil, the depth of penetration will be approximately the same for all types of soil, and will remain constant while the machine is in use. For the same reason, the depth of the hoeing share in relation to the surface of the ground will also be sufficiently uniform when the surface of the ground is uneven, since these forces acting upon the cutting surfaces and the guide elements vary to the same extent both in hollows and over mounds and, on the other hand, the angle of attack of the cutting surfaces remains constant even when the hoeing shares are moved in a vertical plane. Moreover, since each share is associated with a holding device equipped with a parallel guide in a vertical plane, whereas the weight of the machine is supported, completely independently thereof, by the chassis, it is possible to adapt each hoeing share to the surface of the ground. For the same reason, -the hoeing shares adjust themselves at all times to a specific depth of penetration, regardless of the amount of material in the storage tanks.
Now if under certain conditions, for example heavily overgrown field surfaces or stubble, or at high operating speeds, different relationships arise between the pressure acting upon ~a~364;~0 the cutting surfaces of the hoeing shares in a direction opposite to the operating direction, and thus between the vertical force component thereof and the ground firmness acting in the oppo-site direction, although the share will penetrate into the ground to a greater or lesser depth until these forces are in equilibrium, this depth of penetration will again remain co~
stant for the same type of ground surface and the same operating speed.
Keeping the acute angle of attack of the cutting sur-faces of the share constant ensures that the share, travelling at the appropriate depth, will merely lift the soil and replace it, behind the share, upon the material placed in the furrows, thus providing adequate coverage therefor. At the same time, roots and vegetation covering the field will be cut through and further growth thus prevented. This also ensures that the seed grains introduced into the soil are not deprived, by the said vegetation, of the nutrients and moisture required for growth, or stifled.
If the cutting surfaces projecting laterally from the hoeing sharesare, as a whole, at least approximately flat sur-faces, then the flow of the soil lifted by the shares over the said cutting surfaces will be improved to such an extent that adequate coverage of the material laid in the furrows will be achieved even at high operating speeds, without any additional aids.
According to one preferred example of embodiment, the guide elements, in a manner known per se, are in the form of rollers and are staggered laterally in relation to the hoeing shares. This additionally relieves the shares of the weight of the guide rollers, and they therefore tend to penetrate more ~30 deeply into the soil. This, however, is prevented by the guide rollers which accurately sense the surface of the ground at the side of the shares. Thus, as well as the additional advantage :
~L~J36~30 of low frictional resistance of these guide elements, this ensures accurate determination of the depth of penetration, and keeps this depth constant. If the said guide rollers are also verti-cally adjustable in relation to the hoeing shares, each type of seed may be sown at the best depth for rapid sprouting. The differences in depth required is generally between 2 and 5 cm, but may reach 10 cm in exceptional cases.
The invention also provides for a pressure roller to be connected to each hoeing share, in a manner known per se, the said roller running upon the ground behind the share. This still further improves the contact with the soil necessary to allow the seeds to sprout and the fertilizer to dissolve. Furthermore, this direct connection of a pressure roller to each share, in contrast to the usual arrangement in machines having several rows of shares one behind the other, where all of the pressure rollers are arranged in a row behind all of the shares, has the advantage that the machine remains exactly over the furrows both when it is travelling around slight curves or across a slope. It is also desirable for each pressure roller to be adjustable in height in relation to the share, since this provides particularly satis-factory adaptation of depth penetration to soil conditions.
Even when in the case of fields having widely varying soil condi-tions, the depth penetration of the guide rollers, and thus of the shares differ as a result of the weight of the complete hold-ing devices, the set vertical distance between the tips of the shares and the guide rollers, and the ground thickness between the grains of the materials and the pressure rollers, remain constant.
According to another preferred example of embodiment of the invention, the angle of attack of the cuttlng surfaces of the shares, in relation to the surface of the ground in the oper-.
~ 3643~
ating direction, is adjustable. This provides for additional adaptation of the work carried out by the shares under extremely adverse operating conditions. Thus in the case of fields covered with stubble and dense overgrowth, the cutting surfaces are adjus-ted to a somewhat larger angle of attack, in order to achieve rapid and certain penetration of the share, through the growth, into the soil. This adjustment is also useful when fields of stubble are left with deep wheel-ruts from the heavy harvesting and harvest-salvaging machines used in the previous harvesting operation, since the guide elements make it possible for the shares to adapt quite quickly to ground irregularities. The ~-` danger that increasing the said angle of attack may leave theseed behind the shares inadequately covered is eliminated by the fact that the top, heavily rooted, and therefore cohesive layer of soil in a field of stubble is more difficult to project side-ways than a layer of soil of a crumbly nature. Thus in the case of looser soils, the flattest possible angle of attack will be preferred for the cutting surfaces. It has been found in prac-tice that a range of 8 - 25 is sufficient for the adjustment of the angle of attack.
As claimed herein, the invention comprises a machine for inserting seed and fertilizer into the ground, the said machine comprising: a frame, a storage tank, and a plurality of hoeing shares supported by the said frame when the machine is in operation, the said hoeing shares being adapted to move individually, in a vertical plane, by means of holding devices, the hoeing shares being arranged in three rows spaced one behind the other, and being provided with laterally spaced cutting surfaces which converge forwardly and form an acute angle of ~:.
attack in relation to the surface of the ground, as seen in the operating direction, the seed and fertilizer being fed to the said hoeing shares, from the relevant storage tank, in adjustable ~03643~
quantities, by a metering mechanism and through pipelines, the attachment parts on the frame, for the said holding devices, having a large ground clearance, characterized in that the hold-ing devices for the hoeing shares each comprising, a parallel guide in a vertical plane, so that the acute angle of attack of the cutting surfaces of the hoeing shares, in relation to the surface of the ground, remains unchanged when the said shares are moved in a vertical plane, the said shares being also equipped with guide elements maintaining their depth in the ground.
The guide elements may be formed by the rear ends of the cutting surfaces each of which has a supporting surface running parallel with the surface of the ground.
Laterally projecting cutting surfaces of the hoeing shares are at least approximately flat surfaces. Each of the parallel guides may have an upright guide part in which the holding devices are arranged to move up and down. The holding devices are preferably fitted with rotatably mounted rollers, while the guide parts are tubular, the said rollers bearing against the inner walls of the said tubular guide parts.
The parallel guides may be made, in the form of paral-lelograms and have struts, in two rows one above the other, connected by hinges, on the one hand to the holding devices and on the other hand, to the connecting parts on the frame.
The angle of attack of the cutting surfaces of the hoeing shares is preferably variable in relation to the surface of the ground, as seen in the operating direction with an adjust-ment range of 8 to 25 is provided for the angle of attack. Each .
holding device may be equipped with an upright carrier at the lower end of which is located the hoeing share, the said carrier extending, when the said share is in the operative condition, for some distance freely, in a downard direction, out of the parallel guide and having a flat surface upon its front side, and in that ~36~30 the part of the carrier close above the cutting surfaces of the said hoeing share, forms, in the operative condition, al~d at least approximate right angle with the surface of the ground.
Each hoeing share may also consist, of a chopping blade and an attachment part fitted detachably and having a flat surface on its front side, and in that this flat surface forms, when the said hoeing share is in its operative position, and approximate right angle with the surface of the ground.
~ The chopping blade ~ay also be secured detachably to the attachment part. The attachment part can have an extension plate projecting rearwardly behind each cutting surface of the chopping blade, the angle of attack of the said extenslon plates being substantially smaller than the ang~le of attack of the cut-ting surfaces of the chopping blade in relation to the ground, as seen in the operating direction The carriers may be of a tubular design and of elongated cross section, and in that the plpelines open into the said carriers. A lower outlet aperture of each tubular carrier is preferahly located within the hoeing share and merges into rear wall aperture arranged in the rear wall of the carrier, the said rear wall aperture extending in the area above the cutting surfaces of the hoeing.
The invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings which show a preferred form thereof and wherein:
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the machine according to the invention;
Fig. 2 is a rear view of the hoeing share of this machine, to an enlarged scale, Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section through the same share, Fig. ~ is a plan view of the same share Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section through the holding device for the machine according to Fig~ 1, with a different hoeing share, Fig. 6 is a section of the holding device in Fig. 5 along the line A - B and in plan view;
Fig. 7 is another design of holding device for the machine according to Fig. 1, in side elevation, Fig. 8 is a longitudinal section through the lower part of the carrier, with its hoeing share, of the holding device according to Fig. 7, to an enlarged scale, Fig. 9 is a side elevation of the adjustable hinge of the holding device, also to an enlarged scale, and Fig. 10 is a plan view of the hinge according to Fig. 9.
Referring to Fig. 1, the machine is equipped with a frame 1 running on two front castoring wheeLs 2 and one rear castoring wheel 3 on the ground 4, the said rear castoring wheel ... .
being adapted to be locked in the operating direction 5 and at right angles thereto. A traction towing device 6 is connected detachably to the front of frame 1. Also secured to frame 1 are two storage tanks 7,8 combined into a unit. Located below frame 1 are hoeing shares 9 arranged in three rows one behind the other and spaced apart, each share being fitted to a holding device lO adapt~d to move up and down in a parallel guide 11, these parallel guides being detachably secured to connecting parts 12 welded to frame 1. For transporting travel, holding devices 10, with shares 9, are raised by means of cables 13 and hydraulic cylinders 14 until they bear against the said parallel guides 11.
Storage tanks 7,8 are each equipped with a number of outlet apertures 16 arranged side by side and adapted to be closed off by means of slides 15, each tank having a metering mechanism 17 consisting essentially of delivery wheels 18 located external-ly of outlet apertures 16 and adapted to be driven, in a manner known per se, at varying r.p.m.. In order to spread the fer-ti-103643a~
lizer necessary for the satisfactory development of the growing plants, and the seed, in a single operation, one of the s-torage tanks is filled with fertilizer and the other with seed. The materials 19, supplied in the required amounts by delivery wheels 18, pass to divided collecting trough 20, whence they reach the ground through hoselines 21 and hoeing shares 9.
As shown quite clearly in Figs. 2 to 4, hoeing shares 9 have two laterally projecting cutting surfaces 22~which enclose an obtuse angle ~ in the downward direction. These cutting sur-faces also converge forwardly to a tip 23 and form an acute angle of attac~ ~ in relation to the surface of the ground, as seen in the operating direction 5. For use under special conditions, cutting surfaces 22 may also enclose an obtuse angle ~ in the upward direction, or this angle may be 180. It is furthermore often desirable for the front of the share to-have a straight or curved cutting edge instead of the tip 23. The rear ends of cutting surfaces 23 are extended as guide elements 24, each having a flat supporting surface 25 running parallel with the surface 4 of the ground. This makes it easy to keep share 9 at a uniform depth in the ground.
By means of its attachment part 26, share 9 is secured detachably to upright, tubular carrier 27 of holding device 10, into which pipelines 21 open as shown in Fig~ 5. Both carrier 27 and attachment part 26 of share 9 have on their forward sides flat surfaces 28,29 forming an at least approximate right angle yin relation to the surface of the ground, in the operating position shown. The soil building up on these flat surfaces when the machine is in operation can thus form an angle to oper-ating direction 5 correspondjllg to their condition, as a result of which the soil is pushed only slightly sideways, depending upon the ability of the said soil to flow, and then falls back onto furrow 30 formed by cutting surfaces 22. This also prevents _ lDr --~J369~30 earth and vegetation sliding upwardly upon the carrier and falling back on each side of furrow 30 onto the surface 4 of the ground.
Furthermore, tubular carrier 27 has an elongated cross section, as seen in operating direction 5, so that although it provides an adequate free passage for the materials from the storage tanks, it does not spread the soil lifted by cutting surfaces 22 widely apart. It also allows any vegetation in the upper layer of the soil to slide easily away.
Located at the lower end of tubular carrier 27, termi-nating inside share 9, is an outlet aperture 31 which merges into an opening 33 arranged in rear wall 32 of carrier 27. This prevents any interruption of the flow material from carrier 27, even under unfavourable operating conditions, for instance a large amount of residual straw lying upon the surface 4 of the ground.
Distributor element 34 is secured to the front wall of carrier 27 in the vicinity of outlet aperture 31, impact surface 35 of the said distributor element projecting rearwardly into the free space formed by cutting surfaces 22, outlet aperture 31, and aperture 33. Here again, any interruption in the flow of material is prevented, even in the case of wet, highly cohesive soil, since particles of soil, building up from below onto the distributing element, can form only a cone corresponding to their condition, even under the most adverse conditions, and this will still leave the upper part of aperture 33 free. Now in order to achieve optimal distribution of the particles 19 of material descending through tubular carrier 27, over the entire width of furrow 30 formed by cutting surface 22, rear wall 32 is bent slightly, above aperture 33, towards the front side 28 of carrier 27.
Figs~ 5 and 6 show details of holding device 10 of the machine illustrated in Fig. 1. According to this, holding device ~6~36~3(1 10 consists of a tubular carrier 27, a guide plate 36 welded tothe upper part thereof, and four rollers 37 mounted rotatably thereon. Parallel guide 11 also has an upright guide part 38 of tubular design, rollers 37 bearing against inner wall 39 there-of. This design is characterized by particularly easy access and in that rollers 37, the mountings thereof, and inner wall 39 serving as a guide, are very simply protected against damage.
The said guide parts could obviously also be in the form of open sliding rails, not shown, the holding devices being equipped with smooth sliding surfaces bearing externally or internally against the sliding rails.
Located at the upper end of tubular carrier 27 are two inlet connections 40, the one pointing obliquely forwardly and upwardly and the other obliquely rearwardly and upwardly. The purpose of this arrangement is to make it possible to connect pipelines 21 to one of inlet connections 40 from the front or from the back, depending upon the position of carrier 27, thus avoiding any sharp bends in pipelines 21. Also connected to the upper end of carrier 27 is cable 13 for raising and lowering the hoeing shares.
In this example of embodiment, hoeing share 41 is fitted to the lower end of carrier 27, the said share consisting of a chopping blade 42 and an attachment part 43, the said blade being secured detachably -to the said attachment part, in a manner to be described hereinafter, and the said attachment part being secured detachably to carrier 27. This design has the advantage that, when chopping blade 42 becomes worn, it may be replaced by a simi-lar blade or by a blade of a different configuration, should it be desired to vary the width of the strlp of material applied to the ground. In principle, chopping blade 42 is of exactly the same design as hoeing share 9, except that the two lateral cutting surfaces 44 of chopping blade 42 are designed, as a whole, as ~36~;~0 flat areas. Moreover, upright carrier 27 and attachment part 43 each have a flat 28 on their front sides, the said flat forming an approximate right angle y~in relation to the ground when hoe-ing share 41 is in its operative position.
Also located on carrier 27, above aperture 33, is a rearwardly_projecting, offset holder 45, on which is arranyed, by means of an attachment plate 46, the shaft 47 upon which pressure roller 48 and guide roller 49 are mounted rotatably.
Both rollers are made in one piece, pressure roller 48 being located immediately behind hoeing share 41, whereas yuide roller 49 rolls, when in use, upon the surface 4 of the ground at the side of furrow 30. In this case, pressure roller 48 may be narrower, but not wider, than furrow 30. Moreover the diameter of pressure roller 48 is larger than that of yuide roller 49, thus improving the pressing of the strip of seed. This form of execution is noted for the great simplicity of its design.
In order to make it possible to alter the depth of penetration of share 41 and cutting surfaces 44 into the ground, attachment plate 46 lS arranged to pivot upon holder 45 about pin 50, the range of pivoting being determined by the length of hole 52 at upper attachment point 51. In order to make it possi-ble to lock attachment plate 46 to holder 45, without any special tools, in any desired position, upper attachment point 51 is in the form of a screw with a win~ nut 53.
For the purpose of altering the angle of attack ~ of cutting surfaces 44, guide part 38 of parallel guide 11 is arranged to pivot on connecting part 12 by means of pin 54. The degree of pivot is restricted by the elongated hole in lower link,s 55, through which screw 57 is passed, the said screw carrying a wing '30 nut 56.
In the example of embodiment illustrated in Figs. 7 to 10, connecting parts 58 secured to frame 1 each have two sheet-, ~036430 metal plates 59, upon which the parallelogram-type guides 60 are arranged to pivot, each of the said guides consisting of two upper stn1ts 61 and two lower struts 62, the said struts being arranged pivotably, by hinges 63,64, on the one hand to the two sheet-metal plates 59 and, on the other hand, to the holding device 65. In order to improve the lateral guidance, plates 59 run rearwardly from hinges 63,64, on both sides, with little clearance, along the length of struts 61,62.
Holding device 65 has a tubular carrier 66, to the lower, bent part 67 of which attachment part 69 of hoeing share 69 is secured by means of bolts 70. Again secured to this attachment-part 68, by means of countersunk screws 71, is the same chop-ping blade 42 used in the example of embodiment according to ; Figs. 5 and 6, cutting surfaces 44 thereof also enclosing an acute angle l3 with the surface 4 of the ground~ as seen in operating direction 5.
In addition to distributor element 34 arranged below outlet aperture 31 in the lower part 67 of the carrier and having its impact surface 35 open towards the rear, attachment part 68 also has an extension plate 72 projecting rearwardly beyond each of the cutting surfaces 44 of chopping blade 42, angle of attack ~ thereof, in relation to surface 4 of the ground, being substantially less than that of cutting surfaces 44. mese extension plates extend rearwardly the cavity 73 formed by chopping blades 42 below outlet aperture 31 in lower part 67 of the carrier, so that, at any operating speed, particles 19 of material may be distributed reliably and uniformly over the entire width of the said cavity, without first being covered with earth and having their distribution impeded. The flatter angle of attack ~ of extension plates 72 in turn prevents the earth lifted by cutting surfaces 44 from sliding away laterally and thus covering part cles 19 inadequately. Finally, as in the ~l~1364;~
case of the examples of embodiment previously described, lower part 67 of carrier 66 is provided with a flat surface 2,3, and - attachment part 68 is provided with a flat surface 29, on their front faces forming an at least approximate right angle ~ with surface 4 of the ground when hoeing share 69 is in its operative position.
In contrast to holding device 10 illustrated in Fig.
5, the upper part of carrier 66 constitutes a forwardly sloping inlet connection, whereas rearwardly sloping inlet connection 74 is welded to lower part 67 of the carrier above rear aperture 33 and above forwardly bent rear wall 32. Pipelines 21 may open either, as shown, into the upper part of carrier 66, or into inlet connection i4. Also secured to inlet connection 74 is an offset holder 75 for shaft 47, which again carries pressure rol-ler 48 and guide roller 49 integral therewith.
As shown clearly in Fig. 7, struts 61 and 62 assume a slightly sloping position in relation to operating direction 5 when hoeing share 69 is engaged in the ground in its operative position. Moreover, lower struts 62 project beyond pin 76 in hinge 64, as seen in Fig. 9, the front ends of the said struts being united by cross-piece 77. Arranged between cross-piece 77 and hinge pin 76 is a resilient element in the form of a rubber buffer 78. On this side, struts 62 also have elongated holes 79, through which hinge pin 76 is passed.
This design provides double protection against damage for hoeing share 69, holding device 65, parallel guide 60, and connecting parts 58, should the said share strike a rock or some other obstacle in the ground. In the first place, rubber buffer 78 allows share 69 to deflect to the rear. Furthermore, the impact produces, in sloping struts 61,62, an upwardly directed force component which is enough to lift the share briefly out of the ground in order to pass over the obstacle. On the other 11)3643~
hand, the slight slope of struts 61,62 prevents the increasing soil resistance at hlgh operating speeds from reducing the depth of penetration of share 69 against the downwardly directed forces produced by the angle of attack ~ of cutting surfaces 44 and the weight of holding devices 65, pressure rollers 48, and guide rollers 49. Rubber buffer 78, or some other resilient element, may o~ course also be arranged at one of the other hinges 63.
Now in this example of embodiment, in order to be able to vary both the depth of penetration of share 69 into the ground and the angle of attack ~ of cutting surfaces 44 in relation to the surface of the ground, to cope with special conditions, hinges 64 in sheet-metal plates 79 are provided with elongated holes 80 pointing downwardly, hinge pins 76 passing through these holes.
Hinge pins 76 are also connected, by means of linkage 81, to shaft 82 and eccentric arm 83, the latter being arranged to pivot upon frame 1 about pin 84 and being connected to actuating lever 85. Each linkage 81 consists of a fork 86 pivoting about hinge pin 76, and has a threaded bolt 87, a turnbuckle 88, and a threaded part 89 mounted rotatably upon shaft 82 and connected by means of turnbuckle 88 to threaded bolt 87. Located at the upper end of actuating lever 85 is a handle 90 connected, by means of a wire 91, with a locking pin 93 enyaging in adjustment segment 92~
Now if the locking pin is lifted off segment 92 by moving handle 90 in the direction of arrow 94, and actuating lever 84 is pivoted in a forward direction, hinge pin 76 in elongated holes 80 moves obliquely downwards to the rear. This displaces lower strut 62 in a direction opposite to operating direction 5, and holding device 65, with share 69 and guide roller 49, are also pivoted to the rear through a corresponding angle. The result of this pivoting motion is that angle of attack ~ of cutting surfaces 44 in relation to the surface of ~i;3643~
the ground and, in view of the distance between hoeing share 69 and guide roller 49, the depth of penetration of the said share into the ground also, is increased. Since all parallel guides 60 are connected to actuating lever 85 by shaft 82, all shares 69 of the machine undergo the same changes. In -this connection, turnbuckles 88 make it possible to compensate for any differences in the basic settings of shares 69.
Now the intentional and adjustable increase in angle of attack ~ and, simultaneously, of the depth of penetration of share 69 into the ground, in no way impair the operation of the machine since, if share 69 penetrates more deeply, the layer of earth above cutting surfaces 44 is deeper. This earth coheres to a large degree and therefore falls back again, behind the share onto furrow 30 produced by cutting surfaces 44, thus cover-ing particles 19 of material.
In the case of the example of embodiment illustrated in Figs. 7 to 10, in order to make it possible to lift share 69, pressure roller 48, and guide roller 49 from the ground, holding devices 65 are connected by a cable 13, according to Fig. 1, to hydraulic cylinder 14 on the machine.
Claims (50)
1. A machine for inserting seed and fertilizer into the ground, the said machine comprising: a frame, a storage tank, and a plurality of hoeing shares supported by the said frame when the machine is in operation, the said hoeing shares being adapted to move individually, in a vertical plane, by means of holding devices, the hoeing shares being arranged in at least three rows spaced one behind the other, and being provided with laterally spaced cutting surfaces which converge forwardly and form an acute angle of attack in relation to the surface of the ground, as seen in the operating direction, the seed and fertilizer being fed to the said hoeing shares, from the relevant storage tank, in adjustable quantities, by a metering mechanism and through pipelines, the attachment parts on the frame, for the said holding devices, having a large ground clearance, charac-terized in that the holding devices for the hoeing shares each comprise, a parallel guide in a vertical plane, so that the acute angle of attack of the cutting surfaces of the hoeing shares, in relation to the surface of the ground, remains unchanged when the said shares are moved in a vertical plane, the said shares being also equipped with guide elements maintaining their depth in the ground.
2. A machine according to Claim 1, characterized in that the guide elements are formed by the rear ends of the cutting surfaces each of which has a supporting surface running parallel with the surface of the ground.
3. A machine according to Claim 1, characterized in that laterally projecting cutting surfaces of the hoeing shares, are at least approximately flat surfaces.
4. A machine according to Claim 3, characterized in that each of the parallel guides has an upright guide part in which the holding devices are arranged to move up and down.
5. A machine according to Claim 4, characterized in that the holding devices are fitted with rotatably mounted rollers, while the guide parts are tubular, the said rollers bearing against the inner walls of the said tubular guide parts.
6. A machine according to Claim 1, characterized in that the parallel guides are made, in the form of parallelograms and have struts, in two rows one above the other, connected by hinges on the one hand to the holding devices and, on the other hand, to the connecting parts on the frame.
7. A machine according to Claim 6, characterized in that at least one hinge in each parallel guide is connected, through a resilient element to the frame and to the relevant holding device for the hoeing shares.
8. A machine according to Claim 6, characterized in that when the hoeing shares are engaged in the ground in their oper-ative positions, the struts assume a slight angle to the surface of the ground, as seen in the operating direction.
9. A machine according to Claim 1, characterized in that the guide elements connected to the hoeing shares are located, when the machine is in operation, upon a piece of ground not worked by the cutting surfaces of the hoeing shares.
10. A machine according to Claim 9, characterized in that the guide elements are in the form of guide rollers, and in that they are staggered laterally in relation to the hoeing shares.
11. A machine according to Claim 10, characterized in that the guide rollers are adjustable in height in relation to the hoeing shares.
12. A machine according to Claim 11, characterized in that, each hoeing share is associated with a pressure roller which, when the machine is in operation runs behind the said share upon the ground.
13. A machine according to Claim 12, characterized in that the pressure roller is also adjustable in height in relation to the hoeing share.
14. A machine according to any one of Claims 10, 12 or 12, characterized in that the pressure rollers and the guide rollers are each arranged upon a shaft.
15. A machine according to any one of Claims 10, 11 or 12, characterized in that the pressure rollers and the guide rollers are each arranged upon a shaft and further characterized in that the pressure rollers and the guide rollers are made in one piece.
16. A machine according to any one of Claims 10, 11 or 12, characterized in that the pressure rollers and the guide rollers are each arranged upon a shaft and further characterized in that the pressure rollers and the guide rollers are made in one piece, and still further characterized in that the pressure rollers are larger in diameter than the guide rollers.
17. A machine according to Claim 1, characterized in that the angle of attack of the cutting surfaces of the hoeing shares is variable in relation to the surface of the ground, as seen in the operating direction.
18. A machine according to Claim 17, characterized in that an adjustment range of 8 to 25° is provided for the angle of attack.
19. A machine according to Claims 4, 17 and 18, character-ized in that the guide parts for the holding devices are pivot-able.
20. A machine according to Claims 6, 17 and 18, character-ized in that one hinge of each parallel guide is adjustable in relation to the operating direction.
21. A machine according to Claims 6, 17 and 18, character-ized in that one hinge of each parallel guide is adjustable in relation to the operating direction, and further characterized in that the hinges, adjustable in the operating direction, are connected , by means of a linkage and a shaft, to an eccentric arm which is connected to a pivotably arranged and lockable actu-ating lever.
22. A machine according to Claims 6, 17 and 18, character-ized in that one hinge of each parallel guide is adjustable in relation to the operating direction, and further characterized in that the hinges, adjustable in the operating direction, are connected, by means of a linkage and a shaft, to an eccentric arm which is connected to a pivotably arranged and lockable actu-ating lever, and still further characterized in that the linkage is adjustable in length.
23. A machine according to Claim 6, characterized in that connecting parts on the frame each have two sheet-metal plates extending closely on each side over the length of the struts of the parallel guide.
24. A machine according to Claim 1, characterized in that each holding device is equipped with an upright carrier at the lower end of which is located the hoeing share, the said carrier extending, when the said share is in the operative condition, for some distance freely, in a downward direction, out of the parallel guide and having a flat surface upon its front side;
and in that the part of the carrier close above the cutting surfaces of the said hoeing share, forms, in the operative con-dition, an at least approximate right angle with the surface of the ground.
and in that the part of the carrier close above the cutting surfaces of the said hoeing share, forms, in the operative con-dition, an at least approximate right angle with the surface of the ground.
25. A machine according to Claim 24, characterized in that each hoeing share consists of a chopping blade and an attachment part fitted detachably and having a flat surface on its front side; and in that this flat surface forms, when the said hoeing share is in its operative position, an approximate right angle with the surface of the ground.
26. A machine according to Claim 25, characterized in that the chopping blade is also secured detachably to the attachment part.
27. A machine according to Claim 25, characterized in that the attachment part has an extension plate projecting rearwardly behind each cutting surface of the chopping blade, the angle of attack of the said extension plates being substantially smaller than the angle of attack of the cutting surfaces of the chopping blade in relation to the ground, as seen in the operating direc-tion.
28. A machine according to Claim 27, characterized in that the carriers are of a tubular design and of elongated cross section, and in that the pipelines open into the said carriers.
29. A machine according to Claim 28, characterized in that a lower outlet aperture of each tubular carrier is located within the hoeing share and merges into a rear wall aperture arranged in the rear wall of the carrier, the said rear wall aperture extending in the area above the cutting surfaces of the hoeing share.
30. A machine according to Claim 29, characterized in that the rear wall of the tubular carrier is bent, above the aperture, towards the front side of the said carrier.
31. A machine according to any one of Claims 28, 29 and 30, characterized in that each of the tubular carriers is fitted with two inlet connections, one of which runs obliquely forwardly and upwardly and the other obliquely rearwardly and upwardly.
32. A machine according to any one of Claims 28, 29 and 30, characterized in that each of the tubular carriers is fitted with two inlet connections, one of which runs obliquely forwardly and upwardly and the other obliquely rearwardly and upwardly, and further characterized in that a distributor element is located in the vicinity of the lower outlet aperture in each tubular carrier, the impact surface of the said distributor element being open to the rear.
33. A machine according to Claim 6, characterized in that each holding device is equipped with an upright carrier at the lower end of which is located the hoeing share, the said carrier extending, when the said share is in the operative condition, for some distance freely, in a downward direction, out of the parallel guide and having a flat surface upon its front side;
and in that the part of the carrier close above the cutting surfaces of the said hoeing share, forms, in the operative con-dition, an at least approximate right angle with the surface of the ground.
and in that the part of the carrier close above the cutting surfaces of the said hoeing share, forms, in the operative con-dition, an at least approximate right angle with the surface of the ground.
34. A machine according to Claim 33, characterized in that each hoeing share consists of a chopping blade and an attachment part fitted detachably and having a flat surface on its front side, and in that this flat surface forms, when the said hoeing share is in its operative position, an approximate right angle with the surface of the ground.
35. A machine according to Claim 34, characterized in that the chopping blade is also secured detachably to the attachment part.
36. A machine according to Claim 35, characterized in that the attachment part has an extension plate projecting rearwardly behind each cutting surface of the chopping blade, the angle of attack of the said extension plates being substantially smaller than the angle of attack of the cutting surfaces of the chopping blade in relation to the ground, as seen in the operating direc-tion.
37. A machine according to Claim 36, characterized in that the carriers are of a tubular design and of elongated cross sec-tion, and in that the pipelines open into the said carriers.
38. A machine according to Claim 37, characterized in that a lower outlet aperture of each tubular carrier is located within the hoeing share and merges into a rear wall aperture arranged in the rear wall of the carrier, the said rear wall aperture extending in the area above the cutting surfaces of the hoeing share.
39. A machine according to Claim 38, characterized in that the rear wall of the tubular carrier is bent, above the aperture, towards the front side of the said carrier.
40. A machine according to any one of Claims 36, 37 and 38, characterized in that each of the tubular carriers is fitted with two inlet connections, one of which runs obliquely forwardly and upwardly and the other obliquely rearwardly and upwardly.
41. A machine according to any one of Claims 36, 37 and 38, characterized in that each of the tubular carriers is fitted with two inlet connections, one of which runs obliquely forwardly and upwardly and the other obliquely rearwardly and upwardly, and further characterized in that a distributor element is located, in the vicinity of the lower outlet aperture in each tubular carrier, the impact surface of the said distributor element being open to the rear.
42. A machine according to Claim 18, characterized in that each holding device is equipped with an upright carrier at the lower end of which is located the hoeing share, the said carrier extend-ing, when the said share is in the operative condition, for some distance freely, in a downward direction, out of the parallel guide and having a flat surface upon its front side; and in that the part of the carrier close above the cutting surfaces of the said hoeing share, forms, in the operative condition, an at least approximate right angle with the surface of the ground.
43. A machine according to Claim 42, characterized in that each hoeing share consists of a chopping blade and an attachment part fitted detachably and having a flat surface on its front side and in that this flat surface forms, when the said hoeing share is in its operative position, an approximate right angle with the surface of the ground.
44. A machine according to Claim 43, characterized in that the chopping blade is also secured detachably to the attachment part.
45. A machine according to Claim 44, characterized in that the attachment part has an extension plate projecting rearwardly behind each cutting surface of the chopping blade, the angle of attack of the said extension plates being substantially smaller than the angle of attack of the cutting surfaces of the chopping blade in relation to the ground, as seen in the operating direc-tion.
46. A machine according to Claim 45, characterized in that the carriers are of a tubular design and of elongated cross sec-tion, and in that the pipelines open into the said carriers.
47. A machine according to Claim 46, characterized in that a lower outlet aperture of each tubular carrier is located within the hoeing share and merges into a rear wall aperture arranged in the rear wall of the carrier, the said rear wall aperture extending in the area above the cutting surfaces of the hoeing share.
48. A machine according to Claim 47, characterized in that the rear wall of the tubular carrier is bent, above the aperture, towards the front side of the said carrier.
49. A machine according to any one of Claims 45, 46 and 47, characterized in that each of the tubular carriers is fitted with two inlet connections, one of which runs obliquely forwardly and upwardly and the other obliquely rearwardly and upwardly.
50. A machine according to any one of Claims 45, 46 and 47, characterized in that each of the tubular carriers is fitted with two inlet connections, one of which runs obliquely forwardly and upwardly and the other obliquely rearwardly and upwardly, and further characterized in that a distributor element is located, in the vicinity of the lower outlet aperture in each tubular carrier, the impact surface of the said distributor element being open to the rear.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19762605017 DE2605017A1 (en) | 1976-02-10 | 1976-02-10 | MACHINE FOR PUTTING SEED AND THINKING INTO THE SOIL |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1036430A true CA1036430A (en) | 1978-08-15 |
Family
ID=5969415
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA266,030A Expired CA1036430A (en) | 1976-02-10 | 1976-11-18 | Machine for inserting seed and fertilizer into the ground |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1036430A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2605017A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2340677A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1559887A (en) |
| IE (1) | IE45267B1 (en) |
| SE (1) | SE7611984L (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA767711B (en) |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2640749C3 (en) * | 1976-09-10 | 1981-11-19 | Amazonen-Werke H. Dreyer Gmbh & Co Kg, 4507 Hasbergen | Seed drill |
| DE2931133C2 (en) * | 1979-08-01 | 1981-08-20 | Amazonen-Werke H. Dreyer Gmbh & Co Kg, 4507 Hasbergen | Seed drill |
| DE3130910C2 (en) * | 1981-08-05 | 1983-06-30 | Oltmann von 2800 Bremen Bremen | Broad sowing device |
| ATE13377T1 (en) * | 1981-09-16 | 1985-06-15 | Bremen Oltmann Von | WIDE SEED DEVICE. |
| DE3200225C2 (en) * | 1982-01-07 | 1983-12-29 | Amazonen-Werke H. Dreyer Gmbh & Co Kg, 4507 Hasbergen | Seed drill |
| DE8717521U1 (en) * | 1987-02-11 | 1989-03-30 | Amazonen-Werke H. Dreyer Gmbh & Co Kg, 4507 Hasbergen | Row fertilizer spreader |
| DE4309462C2 (en) * | 1993-03-24 | 2001-08-23 | Amazonen Werke Dreyer H | Säschar |
| DE19636787C1 (en) * | 1996-09-11 | 1998-04-02 | Univ Hohenheim | Leveling device for metering granules, in particular for use in a seed drill |
| WO2008106229A1 (en) | 2007-02-28 | 2008-09-04 | Martin Howard D | Paired single disc opener unit |
| AT517036B1 (en) * | 2015-03-19 | 2017-03-15 | Gregor Huber | seeder |
| CN112930728B (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2022-02-25 | 山东省农业科学院生物技术研究中心 | Crop is planted and is used layering fertilizer injection unit |
| RU2765502C1 (en) * | 2021-06-23 | 2022-01-31 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Сибирский федеральный научный центр агробиотехнологий Российской академии наук (СФНЦА РАН) | Opener for subsoil broadcast sowing of seeds |
| DE102021119921B4 (en) | 2021-07-30 | 2024-10-17 | Frank Walz- und Schmiedetechnik GmbH | hoe share, handle, tool arrangement for an agricultural machine and agricultural machine |
| DE102022103171A1 (en) * | 2022-02-10 | 2023-08-10 | Lemken Gmbh & Co. Kg | Swivel device for an agricultural tillage implement |
-
1976
- 1976-02-10 DE DE19762605017 patent/DE2605017A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1976-10-28 SE SE7611984A patent/SE7611984L/en unknown
- 1976-11-18 CA CA266,030A patent/CA1036430A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-12-16 FR FR7637981A patent/FR2340677A1/en active Granted
- 1976-12-30 ZA ZA767711A patent/ZA767711B/en unknown
-
1977
- 1977-01-13 GB GB1236/77A patent/GB1559887A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-02-10 IE IE291/77A patent/IE45267B1/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IE45267B1 (en) | 1982-07-28 |
| ZA767711B (en) | 1977-12-28 |
| FR2340677B3 (en) | 1979-08-24 |
| FR2340677A1 (en) | 1977-09-09 |
| SE7611984L (en) | 1977-08-11 |
| DE2605017A1 (en) | 1977-08-11 |
| GB1559887A (en) | 1980-01-30 |
| IE45267L (en) | 1977-08-10 |
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