CA1068036A - Compositions comprising blends of vinyl emulsion polymers - Google Patents

Abstract

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to a composition of matter comprising a blend of (A), from about 3% to about 98%, by weight, of a water-dilutable, nonionic polyether polyol resin having only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms and optionally halogen atoms, having an average molecular weight between about 300 and about 2,000, having at least two alcoholic hydroxy groups, having from about 80% to about 10%, by weight, of hydrophobic moieties derived at least in part from aromatic or cycloaliphatic materials and correspondingly from about 20% to about 90%, by weight, of hydrophilic moieties consisting of -(CH2-CH2-O-) units; (B), correspondingly from about 97% to about 2%, by weight, solids basis, of an aqueous vinyl emulsion polymer having a particle size between about 600 .ANG. and 50,000 .ANG., containing from about 1% to about 10%.
by weight, of functional reactive groups selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, carboxyl, amide, keto, methylol and alkoxymethyl groups and (C) from about 10% to about 85%, by weight, based on the total weight of (A) and (B), of a compatible aminoplast cross-linking agent having an average molecular weight not greater than about 1,500. The blends are useful in the coating field and in the manufacture of low pressure laminates, adhesives, moulding compounds and textile treating resins.

Description

106803~

This invention relates to a composition of matter comprising a blend of (A), from about 3% to about 98%, by weight, of a water-dilutable, nonionic polyether polyol resin having only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms and optionally halogen atoms, having an average molecular weight between about 300 and about 2,000, having at least two alcoholic hydroxy groups, having from about 80% to about 10%, by weight, of hydrophobic moieties derived at least in part from aromatic or cycloaliphatic materials and correspondingly from about 20% to about 90%, by weight, of hydrophilic moieties consisting of B -(CH2-CH2-0-) units; (B~, correspondingly from abfout 97% to about 2%, by 10` weight, solids basis, of an aqueous vinyl emulsion~pol er having a particle ;
o o size between about 600 A and 50,000 A, containing from about 1% to about 10%, by weight, of functional reactive groups selected from the group consist-ing of hydroxy, carboxyl, amide, keto, methylol and alkoxymethyl groups and - ~ -(C) from about 10% to about 85%, by weight, based on the total weight of (A) and (B), of a compatible aminoplast cross-linking agent having an average molecular weight not greater than about 1,500.
,. ..
As used herein, the term moiety refers to one of the portions into which the polyether polyol resin is divided. These portions may be equal but are not necessarily equal.
The present invention is in the field of blends of polymeric materials that are particularly useful in the coating field as well as in the manufacture of low pressure laminates, adhesives, molding compounds and tex-tile treating resins. The compositions of the present invention are comprised -of a blend of certain polyether polyol resins, certain aqueous vinyl oil-in-water emulsion polymers and certain cross-linking agents which can be applied as a coating from an aqueous medium. The polyether polyols used in the composition of the present invention are compatible with a broad range of vinyl emulsion polymers to the extent that the polyether polyol can fulfill the function of the organic cosolvent without the ' . .
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.~ .. , .. , .,.... . -. . . .;., .. . . - ~ ~

10~i8036 1 inherent problems of an organic solvent such as volatility and toxicity. The use of the polyether polyols of the pres-ent invention can increase the application solids of the em-ulsion, eliminate freezing of the emulsion, eliminate mud cracking of the emulsion, increase flow, reduce skin forma-tion, increase gloss and imprOVe the application character-istics of the emulsion. On the other end of the spectrum, it has been observed that the addition of small levels of emulsion to the polyether polyols of the present invention ~ -can significantly increase the water-resistance of a deposit-ed film. With most formulations, the blends of the polyether polyol with the vinyl emulsion polymer have better overall performance than any of the components taken separately.
Blends of resinous materials have been manufactured and sold for a substantial plurality of years. Emulsion vinyl polymers are also well known polymeric materials. These em-ulsion polymers are known for their excellent performance and have been utilized in house-paint applications by brushing.
The industrial baking application of emulsion by spray, roller coating or dipping applications has found a strong resistance to use because of difficulties in handling the emulsions.
The generally recognized problems, in using emulsions, are skin formation during storage, coagulation or freezing at low temperatures, mud cracking during applications, poor flow out of sprayed coatings and low gloss coatings, plugging of the spray gun, drying on application rolls, and difficulties in cleaning equipment. These difficulties have to be over-come in order to utilize the excellent performance of a coat-ing obtained from an emulsion system. It is known that the addition of volatile organic solvent can overcome some of these problems, and organic solvents such as the glycols, glycol ethers and high-boiling alcohols are presently being used to overcome these problems. Although acceptable and : --- 106803~

1 necessary in a number of these applications, these organic volatile cosolvents create a number of serious application problems. Being volatile, these organic solvents and cosol-vents create odor, pollution and toxicity problems. The amount which can be added to the emulsion is also limited to the extent that these solvents create flammability and sta-bility problems.
The compositions of the present invention are com-posed of three (3) essential components. The first component is a non-ionic polyether polyol resin containing only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms and optionally a halogen atom hav- ;~
ing at least 2 alcoholic hydroxy groups and having a plural~
ity of hydrophobic moieties and a plurality of hydrophilic ~ -moieties. These polyols may be prepared, for instance, by 15 reacting a compound containing a plurality of hydroxy groups -with an alkylene oxide. These compounds containing a plural-ity of hydroxy groups may be aromatic compounds or cycloali-phatic compounds. These polyhydric compounds may be monomeric or part of a low molecular weight polymer chain such as a polymer of phenol-formaldehyde reaction product, many of which are well known such as the Novolak resin type. Among the monomeric compounds that can be used to make the polyether polyol resin used in the present invention are the bisphenol compounds such as bisphenol A which is identified as 4,4'--isopropylidene diphenol which is also known as 4,4'-dihydroxy-diphenyldimethylmethane. Another bisphenol is identified as bisphenol F which is 4,4'-methylene diphenol which is also known as 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenylmethane. Other polyhydric phenols which can be used in preparing the non-ionic polyether polyol resins used in the present invention are the dihydric phenols represented by the general formula:

-, ~ . : - -:-, ~ . , -: ':: ..
.: ' '~ ' ' ~:: . - ' ' ' ' . -- 10t;803~
HO 3 1 1 ~ OH

wherein the phenolic hydroxy groups may be in one of the 2,2';

2,3'; 2,4'; 3,3'; 3,4'; or 4,4' positions on the aromatic nuclei, and each of R and Rl represent hydrogen, an alkyl group, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, sec--butyl, pentyl, iso-pentyl, hexyl, isohexyl, and the like; a cyclo(lower)alkyl group, such as a cyclohexyl or substituted cyclohexyl group, e.g., methyl-, ethyl~, propyl-, butyl-, pentyl- and hexyl-substituted cyclohexyl, or an aromatic group such as phenyl, tolyl, xylyl, and the like. In addition,the phenolic rings may have other substituents besides the hy-droxyl group, for example, lower alkyl gr oups containingfrom 1 to 4 carbon atoms, i.e., methyl, ethyl, propyl, iso-propyl, butyl, secbutyl and tert.-butyl groups, halogen atoms, i.e., fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine and the like.
An illustrative but, by no means exhaustive listing of dihydric phenols falling within this general formula in-cludes 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyldimethylmethane (bisphenol A), -2,4'-dihydroxydiphenylethylmethane, 3,3'-dihydroxydiphenyl-diethylmethane, 3,4'-dihydroxydiphenylmethylpropylmethane, 2,3'-dihydroxydiphenylethylphenylmethane, 4,4'-dihydroxydi-phenylpropyldiphenylmethane, 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenylbutylphenyl-methane, 2,2-dihydroxydiphenylditolylmethane, 4,4-dihydroxy-diphenyltolylmethylmethane and the like.
Among the alkylene oxides that may be reacted with the polyhydric compounds such as those set forth hereinabove are ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide and ole-fine oxides with a chain length of C5-C18, styrene oxide, 4-oxatetracyclo-[6.2.1.02'7,03'5]undecan-9(10)-ol and simi-lar mono epoxy compounds derived from aliphatic, cycloali-' 10~8036 1 phatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. With the exception of eth-ylene oxide all other alkylene oxide compounds impart hydro- -phobic moieties to the polyol.
Illustrative of the polyether polyols which may be used as a component in the compositions of the present inven-tion are the following:
These illustrations show the preparation of specific polyether polyols. These examples are set forth primarily for ~ -the purposes of illustration and any specific enumeration of -details contained therein should not be interpreted as a lim- --itation on the case except as is indicated in the appended claims. In these examples all parts are parts by weight un- ~;
less otherwise indicated. Certain of the polyethers set forth hereinbelow are commercially available. These polyethers -are prepared according to the method set forth in each of the illustrative examples utilizing the reactants recited and the polyethers have the properties also described.
Polyether A is prepared by reacting 1 mol of bis- -phenol F (4,4'-methylene diphenol) with 2 mols of propylene oxide. The reaction product thus produced is then reacted with 7 mols of ethylene oxide. The resulting product has a viscosity of 1650 centipoises and a hydroxyl number of 225.
The molecular weight of the product is about 500. This prod-uct has about 49% hydrophilic moieties and about 51% hydro-phobic moieties. Polyether A is a liquid.
Polyether B is prepared by reacting 3 mols of phenolunder acidic conditions with 2 mols of formaldehyde. The resulting product is then reacted with 9 mols of ethylene oxide. The resulting polyether has a viscosity of 11,700 centipoises, a hydroxyl number of 244 and a functionality of

3. Polyether B has a molecular weight of about 680. This product has about 56% hydrophilic moieties and about 44% hy-drophobic moieties. Polyether B is a liquid.

; 5 -.

10~i803~
1Polyether C is prepared by reacting l mol of the phenol formaldehyde reaction product of polyether B in se-quence with 3 mols of ethylene oxide and then with 3 mols of propylene oxide. The resulting polyether has a viscosity 5 of 132,000 centipoises and a hydroxyl number of 291. The molecular weight is about 570. This product has about 2296 of hydrophilic moieties and about 78%of hydrophobic moieties.
Polyether C is a liquid.
Polyether D is prepared by reacting l mol of bis-phenol A (4,4'-isopropylidene diphenol) with 6 mols of ethyl-ene oxide. The resulting product has a viscosity of 2,840 centipoises and a hydroxyl number of 215. The molecular weight of polyether D is about 520. This product has about 54% hydrophilic moieties and about 64% hydrophobic moieties.
Polyether D is a liquid.
Polyether E is prepared by reacting 1 mol of hydro- ~ -genated bisphenol A with 10 mols of ethylene oxide. The product has a molecular weight of 601, a hydroxyl number of ~-158 and is a solid. The polyether contains about 65% hydro-philic moieties and 35% hydrophobic moieties.
Polyether F is prepared by reacting 1 mol of bis-phenol A with 10 mols of ethylene oxide to produce a liquid product having a molecular weight of 679. The hydroxyl num-ber is 154. Polyether E contains about 66% of hydrophilic groups and 34% of hydrophobic groups.
Polyether G is prepared by reacting 1 mol of bis-phenol A with about 21 mols of ethylene oxide to produce a waxy solid having a molecular weight of about 1150 and an hydroxyl number of 98. The polyether contains about 80% of hydrophilic groups and about 20% of hydrophobic groups.
This polyether is soluble in water.

Polyether H is prepared by reacting 1 mol of poly- ~ -ether E with 12.5 mols of ethylene oxide to produce a hard ~
' ~ .
, - 6 --` 10~80;~f~

1 waxy solid having a molecular weight of 1300, an hydroxyl number of 88, and contains about 80% of hydrophilic ethylene oxide moieties and about 20% hydrophobic moieties. -Polyether I is prepared by reacting 1 mol of bis-phenol A with 6 mols of propylene oxide and 12 mols of ethyl-ene oxide. The resulting product has a hydroxyl number of 100 and molecular weight about 1140. This product has 47.8%
hydrophilic moieties and 52.2% hydrophobic moieties. This polyether is normally liquid.
The amount of the non-ionic polyether polyol resins used as component (A) in the compositions of the present in-vention may be varied between 3% to about 98%, by weight, based on the total weight of the polyether polyol resin and the aqueous vlnyl emulsion polymer solids. These polyether polyols should have an average molecular weight between about 300 and about 2,000. By the same token, (B), the aqueous vinyl emulsion polymer, used with the polyether polyol resin -~
is present in an amount correspondingly from about 97% to about 2%, by weight, solids basis based on the total weight of (A) and (B) to be used. Whatever the percentages used, the total percent of the two components will be 100~.
In addition to the polyether polyols made by simple grafting of alkylene oxides to diphenolic (or polyphenolic) materials, more complex structures can also be used. For example higher molecular weight materials may be made by form-ing dimers or oligomers of the low molecular weight polyols ~--by reaction with difunctional hydroxy reactive materials.
Examples of difunctional reactive materials are diepoxides such as diglycidyl ether and bisphenol A diglycidyl ether or epihalohydrins such as epichlorohydrin. To obtain material with an average of two polyol units per molecule, about two mols of the difunctional polyol should be reacted with about one mol of the difunctional coupling agent. Since these 10680~6 1 coupling reagents are materials with widely different hydro-phobic/hydrophilic characteristics the selection of the most suitable one will require consideration of the hydrophobic/-hydrophilic balance of the polyether polyol involved and the end properties desired.
It is also feasible to increase the size of the hydrophobic unit by coupling two or more hydrophobic diphen-olic or hydrogenated diphenolic structures with a difunctional reactive material such as epihalohydrin or a diepoxide. The ~-difunctional component contributes in each case to the hydro-phobic characteristics of the polyol. This means that the hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance of a difunctional reaction product and a polyether polyol is shifted to the hydrophobic side. An increase in the polyethylene glycol content of the polyether polyol can be used to achieve a reaction product with the difunctional compound which is less hydrophobic.
Another class of polyether/polyols which is useful is those in which the aromatic residues have been saturated by hydrogenation either before or after the grafting reaction with the alkylene oxide. Such components have a similar com-bination of rigid and flexible blocks but since they are sat-urated, they have reduced sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation.
The sensitivity of many aromatic phenol derivatives to ultra-violet radiation is well known.
The aqueous vinyl emulsion polymer used as the com-ponent (B) in the compositions of the present invention should have a particle size between about 600 A and 50,000 A con-taining about 1~ to 10~, by weight, of one or more functional groups selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, car-boxyl, amide, keto, methylol, and alkoxymethyl. These func-tional reactive groups are reacted with the cross-linking agent but in some instances such as in the alkoxymethyl group it is self-reactive. The remainder of the vinyl emulsion .: . .-- :
~, . . .

1 Polymer can consist of an alkyl ester of an a,~-ethylenically unsaturated acid, a vinyl ester, a vinyl ether, styrene or ring or side chain substituted styrenes, acrylonitrile or substituted acrylonitriles, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chlor-ide and the like. Obviously, these additional vinyl monomerscan be used singly or in combination with one another, in com-bination with those vinyl monomers having the aforementioned functional reactive groups. The preparation of the emulsion polymer is conventional and the selected monomers are intro-duced into the water to form an oil-in-water emulsion utiliz-ing an emulsifying agent and an appropriate catalyst which may be a peroxide catalyst or redox catalyst. In these emul-sions the water is the continuous phase and is replaced with the polyether polyol upon blending the two essential compon-ents. The vinyl emulsion polymer, dispersed in the aqueousmedium, can be added directly to the polyether polyol and such technique is preferred. On the other hand, the selected monomers can be polymerized in an oil-in-water system and the water removed from the polymeric material and the thus--prepared polymeric material can then be dissolved or dispers-ed in the polyether polyol.
The monomers of the emulsion polymer of the present invention will depend on the final end application and the performances required from the coating system. For instance, if one desires extreme flexibility and softness of the coat-ing system, one would select as a monomer the alkyl esters of an a,~ ethylenically unsaturated acid or vinyl ether or vinyl esters containing more than two carbons in the aliphatic alkyl group. Extreme flexibility is a desired property in coil applications and softness is desired in textile applica-tions. Examples of such monomers are ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, and the like. Among the vinyl - - -- ~

` 10t;8t:~3f~

1 ethers that one can use are the ethyl vinyl ethers, butyl vinyl ethers, and the like. The vinyl esters included vinyl propionate, vinyl acetate, and the like. The monomers, of course, have to be also selected based on their reactivity with each other. For most coating applications on wood or metal, the sole use of a soft modifying monomer is not satis-factory since the films thus produced even if properly cross--linked are of soft and rubbery consistency. The soft mono-mers in such a situation are, therefore, used in combination with hard monomers which give a stiffer polymer backbone.
Examples of these hard monomers are styrene, vinyl toluene, t-butyl styrene, a-methyl styrene, methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, and the like. These hard monomers may be used either singly or in combination with one another and for films of intermediate hardness, hard monomers or mixtures thereof may be used with one or more of the soft monomers. The vinyl emulsion polymers containing carboxyl groups are prepared by polymerizing acidic polymerizable monomers such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, cinnamic acid, ~-ben-zoyl acrylic acid, and polycarboxylic acids of the a,~-ethyl-enically unsaturated class such as maleic, fumaric, itaconic, mesaconic, aconitic, and the halogenated acids such as halo-genated maleic or more specifically, chloromaleic acid, and the like. Wherever available, the anhydrides of these acids may be used. These acids and/or their anhydrides may be used either singly or in combination with one another. These acidic materials may be copolymerized or polymerized with other mono-mers which contain no carboxyl groups such as methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, decyl acryl-ate, lauryl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, heptyl methacrylate, decyl methacrylate, propyl crotonate, butyl crotonate, nonyl crotonate, and the 1 like.
I~ desired, one can modify the basic copolymers of the present invention by copolymerizing therewith one or more different polymerizable monomers but the amount of these dif-ferent monomers, depending on their characteristics shouldnot be so great as to detract from the anionic characteristics of the acrylic polymeric material. In this connection one could use such polymerizable compounds as styrene, ortho-, meta or para-alkyl styrenes such as the o~, m-, or p-methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl styrenes, 2,4-dimethyl styrene, 2,3--dimethyl styrene, 2,5-dimethyl styrene, vinyl naphthalene, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, halo ring, or side chain styrenes such as a-chloro styrene, ortho-, meta or para-chloro-styrenes, 2,4-dichlorostyrene, 2,3-dichlorostyrene, 2,5-di-chlorostyrene, or the a~kyl side chain styrenes such as a--methyl styrene, a-ethyl styrene, and the like. Additional-ly, one can make use of such polymerizable vinyl monomers as acrylamide, methacrylamide, ethacrylamide, N-tertiarybutyl-acxylamide and the like.
If it is desired to incorporate polymerizable mono-mer moieties containing an alcoholic hydroxy group into the basic copolymer chain one can produce an anionic polymeric material of this description by polymerizing the a,~-ethyl-enically unsaturated carboxylic acid and the alkyl ester of a,~-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid with a polymer-izable vinyl monomer which contains an alcoholic hydroxy group such as the hydroxyl alkyl esters of a,~-ethylenically unsat-urated monocarboxylic acid such as the hydroxy alkyl esters of acrylic acid, methacrylic, ethacrylic acids and chloro as well as the other halo-substituted acrylic acids. These esters may either have a primary or a secondary hydroxyl group. I1-lustrative of the types of compounds that may be used as co-monomers in preparing the anionic, polymeric material are ., . ~ ~ - - - -- - -. ., - .

106803~

1 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, 3-hydroxy-propyl acrylate, 2-hydroxybutyl acrylate, 8-hydroxyoctyl ac-rylate, 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate, 5-hydroxyhexylmethacryl-ate, 6-hydroxyoctylmethacrylate, 8-hydroxyoctylmethacrylate, 10-hydroxydecylmethacrylate, 3-hydroxypropyl crotonate, 4--hydroxyamyl crotonate, 5-hydroxyamyl crotonate, 6-hydroxyhexyl crotonate, 7-hydroxyheptyl crotonate, 10-hydroxydecyl croton-ate, and the like. These hydroxy esters may be used either singly or in combination with one another with other polymer-izable vinyl monomers devoid of any alcoholic hydroxy groupincluding those set forth hereinabove in the discussion of the carboxyl group containing monomers. Additionally, one ~ -can make use of other hydroxyl-containing polymerizable vinyl monomers such as methylolacrylamide, methylolmethacrylamide, and the like.
The compositions of the present invention will con-- tain as the third essential component (C) a compatible amino- ~-plast cross-linking agent since the total compositions are particularly useful as coating compositions and are outstand-ingly attractive for this purpose since they can be used with- -out any solvent whatever, particularly without any organic solvent. The amount of the compatible aminoplast cross-link-ing agent used with components (A) and (B) can be varied be-tween 10~ and 85%, by weight, based on the total weight of the blend of the polyether polyol and the vinyl emulsion poly-mer solids. These cross-linking agents are reactive with the functional reactive groups of the emulsion polymer and with the hydroxyl groups of the polyether polyol. The preferred range of the aminoplast cross-linking agent is between 15 to about 50~, by weight, same basis.

The aminoplast cross-linking agents used in the present invention may be either alkylated or unalkylated.
They should be alkylated when used in coating compositions 10~i8036 but for other use such as in laminating operations, adhesives and molding compositions among others they are preferably unalkylated.
The alkylated aminoplast cross-linking agents can be prepared by reacting a urea with an aldehyde such as formaldehyde and then alkylating said urea-formaldehyde reaction product with a lower alkanol such as methanol, ethanol, propanol or butanol. In addition to urea pre se, one could make use of ethyleneurea, thiourea, uron and the like. Additionally, one can make use of the amino-triazine aldehyde reaction products that have also been alkylated with comparable alkanols. In this connection, attention is directed to United States Patent 2,197,357 issued April 16, 1940 to Widmer et al which shows a substantial plurality of amino-triazines reacted with aldehydes that are then alkylated by reaction with a substantial plurality of compounds containing an alcoholic hydroxy group. The said patent discloses a plurality of guanamines such as formoguanamine and acetoguanamine which can be used to form compatible alkylated aminoplast cross-linking agents. These cross-link-ing agents can be, and preferably are, monomeric. Illustrative of such a monomeric aminoplast cross-linking agent is the hexakis (methoxymethyl) mel-amine. This monomeric compound can be prepared by a plurality of different processes such as those shown in United States Patents 2,918,452 issued December 22, 1959 to Kun et al; 2,998,410 issued August 29, 1961 to Jefts et al and 2,998,411 issued August 29, 1961 to Housekeeper. Unmixed ethers of the polymethylol triazines can be used as well as mixed ethers such as the tetrakis (alkoxymethyl) benzoguanamines may be used which are disclosed in United States Patent 3,091,612 issued May 28, 1963 to Stevens. Mixed ethers of other triazines are disclosed in United States Patent 2,454,495 is~ued November 23, 1948 to Widmer et al. A lengthy dissertation on fully mixed ethers of hexamethylol melamine is set forth in United States Patent 3,471,388 issued October 7, 1969 to Kopal. The unalkylated melamine resins are shown in United States Patent 2,260,239 issued October 21, 1941 to Talbot.

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`^ 1068036 l In addition to the urea family and the triazine family of alkylated aminoplast cross-linking agents, one may also use one of the aniline-formaldehyde reaction products, a plurality of which are available commercially. These ani-line reaction products should be limited to use in those corn-positions in which darker colors are not objectionable.
In addition to using these cross-linking agents in - the monomeric state, one may use low polymers of these reac-- tion products such as dimers, trimers, tetramers and the like.
It is generally preferred to utilize a cross-linking agent that has an average molecular weight not greater than about 1,500.
If water dilutability of these cross-linking agents is desired, methanol is preferably used as the alkylating agent. These aminoplast cross-linking agents may be used either singly or in combination with one another. In either case, the weight proportions remain the same.
The compositions of the present invention are coat-ing compositions which may be used, as indicated hereinabove, without any organic solvent, which solvent may tend to pollute the atmosphere upon the evaporation of the organic solvent from the coating. When applied as an undiluted coating to a substrate such as an iron phosphate steel panel by spraying and thereafter baking, the three essential components react with one another to form a thermoset or cross-linked coating on the substrate. Because each of these components are freq-uently water soluble and almost invariably water dispersible, these compositions can be diluted with water to any selected ~ ~;
solids content. If a clear coating is desired, the blend of the three essential components can be used directly on the substrate. However, pigmented coatings can be prepared by the use of conventionally available pigments such as titanium dioxide, iron oxide, red pigment and the like. These compo-1 sitions are useful as coating composition for metal, wood, plastic, texti]es, paper, glass and the like~ These composi-tions can be applied by spraying, dipping, roller coating or brushing techniques.
The vinyl emulsion polymers used in the present invention are commercially available from a plurality of sources in many different varieties. Some of these vinyl emulsion polymers are characterized as neat polymeric mater-ials, i.e. containing nothing but the polymeric material dis-persed in the aqueous medium generally with a neutralizing agent or surfactant. However, some of these vinyl emulsion polymers contain added reactants such as aminoplast cross~
-linking agents, and in using such latter materials in a composition with a further added aminoplast cross-linking agent, the amount of the cross-linking agent present in the vinyl emulsion polymer must be taken into account when the separately added cross-linking agent is later introduced.
These vinyl emulsion polymers can be readily pre-pared by well-known processes such as that set forth herein-20 above.
Process for Making a Vinyl Emulsion ; ,;
Into a suitable reaction vessel equipped with ther-mometer, stirrer, nitrogen inlet and outlet tubes, reflux condenser and dropping funnel there is charged 63.72 parts of water, 1.20 parts of dioctyl sulfosuccinate (a surfactant), 0.05 part of ammonium persulfate and 0.03 part of sodium bi- -carbonate. Into the dropping funnel, which is sealed off from the reaction vessel, there is introduced 22.75 parts of butyl acrylate, 10.50 parts of styrene and 1.75 parts of ac-rylic acid. The monomer charge is thoroughly mixed in the dropping funnel. The reaction vessel contents are stirred at 350 rpm and heated at 60C. Thereupon 10~ of the monomer mixture is added to the reaction vessel from the dropping , 10~8036 1 funnel. The heating is continued to 85C. and a further ad-dition of the monomers from the dropping funnel to the reac-tion vessel is started. The temperature is maintained be-tween about 80C. and 90C. at all times in the reaction vessel. All of the monomer mix is added eventually in incre-mental amounts over a period of about one half to one and one-half hours. At completion of the monomer addition the reaction vessel contents are heated at 90C. to 95C. for about 15 to 30 minutes or until no further refluxing is evi-dent. The emulsion is cooled to room temperature and strain-ed through cheese cloth and is then ready to be added to the polyether polyol. 'i'' In order that the concept of the present invention y may be more completely understood, the following examples are set forth in which all parts are parts by weight unless otherwise indicated. These examples are set forth primarily for the purposes of illustration and any specific enumera- ~`
tion of detail contained therein should not be interpreted ~;
as a limitation on the case except as indicated in the append-ed claims.
Example 1 Into a suitable blending vessel, there is intro-duced 100 parts of a commercially available cross-linkable acrylic emulsion (60% solidsl tetrapolymer of butyl acrylate, styrene, acrylic acid, ~-hydroxyethyl methacrylate containing 40% by weight of a methylated urea-formaldehyde resin as - a cross-linking agent, 6 parts of polyether D and 6 parts of a methylated urea-formaldehyde resin (molar ratio U/F/Me:
1/2.4/1.9 respectively) having an average M.W. of about 300.
Films were drawn down from this coating composition on iron phosphate pretreated steel panels and baked at 150C. for 30 minutes. The films were subjected to a plurality of tests.

1 Example 2 Example 1 is repeated in all essential details ex-cept there is used 12 parts of the Polyether D and 12 parts - of the methylated urea-formaldehyde resin.
Ex_mple 3 Example 1 is repeated again in all essential de-tails except there is used 18 parts of the Polyether D and 18 parts of methylated urea-formaldehyde resin~
Example 4 Example 1 is again repeated in all essential de-tails except there is used 24 parts of the Polyether D and 24 parts of the methylated urea-formaldehyde resin.
Comparative Example 5 Example 1 is again repeated in all essential de-tails except that the Polyether D and the methylated urea--formaldehyde resin are each eliminated.
The tetrapolymer composition used in the examples 1-5 inclusive contains 60% total solids of tetrapolymer and cross-linking agent of which 60% is tetrapolymer per se or 36 parts and 40% is cross-linking agent or 24 parts.
The results of the tests to which the films of Ex- ,~
amples 1-5 inclusive were subjected are set forth hereinbelow in Table I.

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U~ C
~ ~1 O E
t~
O X ~ ~ O U~
C~ W

~ O~oOOOOu~

~ . ' ' ., ,~ ~-E O ~0 00 0 u~
X r~CO~

N

~1 t~
13 O Lr~ O O CO O Lr~ O O ' X A ~ Q. Q.
t~ h ~
i~5 ~1 0 ~ ' ;
0 CO O o ' ~ , td ~ o ~ ~ h 1~3 U~

~4 h ~ O
o V
~O
V ~0 ,~, . "' ~d O ~rl C
tu h 0 aJ . , 1 0 r-l ~1 .
h h ~ U
X X
~ ~1 ~ , o o '~ 0 ~ o ~1 ~1 0 J~

0 ~ ~d O I ~ O
E~~n ~ ~ 0 o ~ ~
Q h h ~ V~ N 4~ a. o ~ o 0 0 0 0 0 ~ o ~
h X ~; ~ '1: ¢ ~ -~ N ~)~ - I ;.
. . . - . I
- ~ --. 1 8 --` 10681)36 1 Example 6 Into a suitable blending machine equipped as in Example 1 there is introduced 100 parts of the same acrylic emulsion composition used in Example 1, 30 parts of the Poly-ether D and 30 parts of the same methylated urea-formaldehyde resin. Films were drawn down on iron phosphate pretreated steel panels and were baked at 150C. for 30 minutes. The films thus produced were subjected to a plurality of tests, the results of which are shown ln Table II.
Example 7 Example 6 is repeated in all essential details except there is used only 80 parts of the same commercially available polymeric emulsion composition containing the meth-ylated urea-formaldehyde cross-linking agent.
Example 8 .
Example 6 is again repeated in all essential de-tails except that there is used only 60 parts of the same polymeric emulsion composition.
Example 9 ;, Example 6 is again repeated in all essential de-tails except that there is used only 40 parts of the same ~';
polymeric emulsion composition.
Example 10 Example 6 is again repeated in all essential de-tails except that there is used only 20 parts of the same polymeric emulsion composition. ~;
Comparative Example 11 Example 6 is repeated in all essential details except that the polymeric emulsion composition is omitted and there is used 50 parts of Polyether D and 50 parts of the same methylated urea-formaldehyde cross-linking agent.

. ~

10~8036 ., o U~
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10~;8()36 1 As shown in Table I, the addition of xather small quantities of the polyether polyol in combination with the cross-linking agent as well as the vinyl emulsion polymer improves the water resistance, appearance, adhesion and freeze-thaw stability of the thermosetting acrylic emulsion.
By the same token, Table II clearly indicates that the increase in the addition of the acrylic emulsion to the system improves adhesion and the water resistance of the novel film composi-tions of the present invention.
Example 12 Into a suitable blending apparatus as is used in Example 1 there is introduced 75 parts (46% solids) of a com-mercially available self-cross-linkable tetrapolymer emulsion containing approximately 47 parts of methyl methacrylate, 47 parts of ethyl acrylate, 3 parts of acrylic acid and 3 parts of beta-hydroxyethyl methacrylate modified with 20 parts of a methylated melamine-formaldehyde resin, 17.5 parts of polyether D, 7.5 parts of hexakis(methoxymethyl)melamine and 1 part of p-toluene sulfonic acid as a 20% solution in 20 water. Films from this coating composition were prepared - ;
by drawing the liquid composition down on iron phosphate pre- ;~
treated steel panels and baking the system for 20 minutes at 300F. (150C.). The panels thus produced were subjected to a plurality of tests, results of which are shown in Table III.
Example 13 Example 12 is repeated in all essential details except that there is used only 25 parts of the same acrylic emulsion composition, 52.5 parts of polyether D and 22.5 parts of hexakis(methoxymethyl)melamine.
Comparative Example 14 Example 12 is repeated in all essential details except that there is used 100 parts of the same vinyl acrylic ` 10~803~;
1 emulsion composition but the polyether D, the hexakistmeth-oxymethyl)melamine and the p-toluene sulfonic acid were om-itted.
Table III

Compar-ative Ex. 12 Ex. 13 Ex. 14 . _ Film Thickness, mil 1.1 1.2 0.9 Knoop Hardness 7.5 8.0 12 j Reverse Impact, in. lb. 80 80 10 10 . ,, Hot ~ater Resistance 10 10 4 (2 hrs. at 160F.) Appearance 10 10 5 ~-Adhesion on Metal 10 10 7 Freeze-Thaw Stability 5 5 3 (-20C.) Cycle Ex_mple 15 Into a suitable blending apparatus as is used in Example 1 there is introduced 80 parts of a 35~ solids aque- `~
ous emulsion of an acrylic terpolymer (65 parts of butyl ac- -rylate, 35 parts of styrene and 5 parts of acrylic acid) with which there is blended 50 parts of polyether D, 10 parts ,!
of a 20% aqueous solution of a commercially available maleic anhydride rosin adduct having an acid number of 200, used as a wetting agent, 90 parts of a rutile titanium dioxide pig-ment and 21.5 parts of hexakis(methoxymethyl)melamine. Thisblend is ground on a high speed dissolver and 0.4 part of dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid catalyst and 0.05 part of a silicone surfactant are added. The resulting paint composi-tion has a non-volatile content of 63~ and a viscosity of 70 seconds in a No. 4 Ford cup. Films of this coating compo-sition were drawn down on iron phosphate pretreated cold rolled steel panels and baked for 20 minutes at 300F. (150C.).
These films after baking were subjected to a plurality of .

-.' '' : ` - ~ , ' , . . .. '' : :,. . . -10~;8036 1 tests. The results of these tests are set forth hereinbelow in Table IV.
Table IV
Example_15 5 Film Thickness, mil 1.3 Knoop Hardness 8.3 Color, Photovolt, blue 90 Gloss, 60 97 Gloss, 20 95 10 Reverse Impact, in. lb. 50 Steam-Resistance, 30 min. 10 Salt-Spray ASTM (B 117-64) 240 hrs. 1-2 mm+/10++
+ Creepage ++ Blistering on face, 10 = no blister Comparative Example 16 Example 15 is repeated in all essential details except that the polyether D was completely eliminated from the formulation. This formulation was completely flat and showed poor application characteristics. In order to obtain ;
a useful comparison between a formulation with the polyol and one without the polyol, a manufacturers recommended formula-tion, to test the polyol-free, acrylic paint system, was used, namely 135 parts of a 35~ solids emulsion of the same acrylic polymer composition, as used in Example 15, was blended with 25 parts of water, 103 parts of isopropanol, 6.7 parts of hexakis(methoxymethyl)melamine, 1.2 parts of dimethylaminoeth-anol and 50 parts of a titanium dioxide rutile pigment. The above ingredients are blended and ground in a ball mill. The -~
resulting paint has a viscosity of 22 seconds when measured on a No. 4 Ford cup on a non-volatile content of 32.8~. The paint thus produced was drawn down on iron phosphate steel panels and baked for 20 minutes ~at 300F. (150C.). The films thus produced were subjected to a plurality of tests, the :: ~, . -10~8036 1 results of which are shown hereinbelow in Table V.
Table V

Comparative Example 16 Film Thickness, mil 0.8 Knoop Hardness 12 Color, Photovolt, blue 86 Gloss, 60 88 Gloss, 20 78 Reverse Impact, in. lb. < 10 Steam-Resistance, 30 min. 10 Salt Spray ASTM (B 117-64) 240 hrs. 3 mm/8 The functional reactive groups contained in the ~
vinyl emulsion polymer used in the present invention have ~-been discussed in significant detail hereinabove. It has been pointed out, for instance, that the amide groups are commonly ~
derived from acrylamide and substituted acrylamides. The re- ~ .
active keto groups can be derived from monomers such as diace-tone acrylamide or methylvinylketone, ethylvinylketone and -the like. The methylol functional groups may be obtained by utilizing methylol acrylamide, methylol diacetone acrylamide and the like. The alkoxymethyl reactive functional groups can be obtained from alkoxymethyl acrylamide or alkoxymethyl methacrylamide and the like. The alkoxy group in the alkoxy-methyl reactive group can contain from about 1 to about 8carbon atoms although in most instances it is preferred that the alkoxy group contain from 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Most of the oil-in-water vinyl emulsion polymers that are used in the compositions of the present invention do not contain only a single type of reactive functional group. Instead, most of these vinyl emulsion polymers will contain at least two distinct types of reactive groups. It is common to use, in these acrylic emulsions, at least 1% to 2% of acrylic acid ..~

.. . . ..

- 10~8~3~i 1 and the like as a comonomer in order to increase the pigment compatibility of the polymeric material. If the vinyl emul-sion polymer is to be used with a methylated melamine formal-dehyde reaction product, as the cross-linking agent, this carboxyl functionality is usually sufficient to achieve sat-isfactory performance. ~igher cross-linked systems can be obtained by raising the acid content of the vinyl emulsion to about 5-7~. With melamine resin cross-linking agents, hydroxyl groups are a normally reactive functional groups because they give films with better detergent and water-resis-tance. With the urea based cross-linking agents, it is es-sential to use vinyl emulsion polymers containing hydroxyl reactive groups in order to obtain the best performance. In this connection, it should be noted that the urea-based cross--linking agents have a strong tendency to self-condense if they are used with vinyl emulsion polymers containing only carboxyl functional groups. Vinyl emulsion polymers contain-ing keto group monomers, especially the diacetone acrylamide when used in the compositions of the present invention have been found to be particularly useful for coatings which re-quire improved adhesion on wood substrates. Methylol groups or alkoxymethyl groups have such a functionali.ty that they can be used for self-cross-linking type of emulsion in which eventuality lesser amounts of the aminoplast cross-linking agents may be used. The amount of the methylol groups that one can incorporate into a vinyl emulsion polymer is usually limited and levels larger than about 3~ to S~ of a monomer such as methylol acrylamide will reduce the stability of the emulsion whereas the alkoxymethyl groups can be readily in-corporated into the vinyl emulsion polymer without danger ofpremature gellation.
Normally these vinyl emulsion polymers are prepared in water with the aid of an external emulsifier, such as the ~: ;

10~i8036 1 nonionic, anionic or cationic emulsifiers. The nonionic or anionic emulsifiers are preferred for most applications.
The most commonly used nonionic emulsifiers are the polyeth-ylene glycol ethers of nonylphenol, octylphenol, lauryl al-cohol, dodecyl mercaptan, lauric acid, stearic acid, or thepolyethylene glycol - polypropylene glycol block copolymers.
Illustrative of the types of anionic surfactants or emulsifi-ers which may be used in preparing the vinyl emulsion poly-mers used in the present invention are the dialkylsulfo suc- ~ -cinates, alkyl sulfonate, alkyl aryl sulfonate, lauric acid~
stearic acid, rosin and the like. One could utilize colloidal ` -. .
dispersants such as polyvinyl alcohol, hydroxyethyl celluloseand the like in order to obtain stable emulsions.
The vinyl emulsion polymer, if not obtained from ~`
a commercial source, can be readily prepared by a conventional polymerization technique which is normally conducted at temp-eratures below 100C. utilizing either inorganic or organic peroxides. If a redox system is utilized, the polymerization can be conducted at room temperature. The vinyl emulsion polymers obtained by this commonly known process of polymeri-zation will have a molecular weight of between about 50,000, if chain transfer agents are being used, to several million in the absence of a chain transfer agent. The average mo-lecular weight of the emulsion polymer, therefore, can range 25 from about 50,000 to about 5,000,000 but it is preferred to use a vinyl emulsion polymer having a molecular weight between about 200,000 and 2,000,000. From the standpoint of optimum mechanical performance, the high molecular weight polymers are preferred.

Depending on the level and type of emulsifier, the type of monomers used and the polymerization conditions used, the emulsion can be extremely low particle sizes, almost ap-pearing to be a solution or on the other hand quite large .~
.... .. . . . ..

10~80~

particles of polymer can be used. The particle size range is between about o o 600 A to about 50,000 A or expressed differently between about 0.06 y and about 5 ,u, with a preferred lower limit on particle size of 1,000 A.
In combining the polyether polyol, the vinyl emulsion polymer and the amino cross-linking agent, one needs to exercise certain precautions.
For instance, some emulsion systems are sensitive to the addition of polyether polyol and/or cross-linking agents in which event it is advantageous to blend the polyol and the cross-linking agent before hand followed by the reduction of the solids of this blend with deionized water to about 50% to 80% solids and then adding this mixture under agitiation slowly and in incremental por- -tions to the emulsion. After the blend has been prepared, it is sometimes advisable to adjust the pH of the system to about 7 to 9 in order to obtain good stability of the blend.
The curing speed of the total mixture can be regulated over a wide range of baking conditions. When compared with conventional water-soluble resins which contain large levels of amine to achieve stability as well as solubility in water, the emulsion polymer, polyether polyol, cross-linking agent blend requires very small levels of amine or, for that matter, -no amine at all. This low level of amine or the complete absence of amine makes the preparation of very fast, low-temperature curing vinyl emulsion polymer/polyether polyol/cross-linking agent systems possible.
Some emulsion systems have shown poorer stability than others when combined with the polyether polyol. It has been found that when high levels of polyol are being used with a vinyl emulsion polymer, which polymer is very soluble in the polyol, the polyol will diffuse from the water in the emulsion particle and thereby reduce the stability of the system. To over-come this shortcoming and thereby achieve optimum stability with high levels of polyol, it is, therefore, L.~

1 desirable, and, in fact in some instances necessary, to se-lect a vinyl emulsion polymer which has comparatively limited solubility at room temperature in the polyether polyol but good solubillty in the polyether polyol under the conditions of the baking process. This can be accomplished by the ad-dition of small quantities of difunctional monomers such as methylene bis acrylamide, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and ;
the like in order to achieve a slightly cross-linked emulsion polymer particle which reduces the solubility of the polyol 10 in the vinyl emulsion polymer and thereby increases the sta- ;
~, . . .
bility of the vinyl emulsion polymer/polyol blend.
The compositions of the present invention, when used as coating compositions, can be completely free of any dye or pigments particularly when clear transparent coatings are desired. Generally, however, color coating compositions are preferred and pigments are added into the polyol by the usual grinding techniques such as mixing in a ba-l mill. Dur-ing the pigment blending one may optionally add surfactants or water-soluble resins. The pigment paste thus produced can then be readily blended with the aminoplast cross-linking agent which mixture is then added to the vinyl emulsion poly-mer. The coating of the polyol obtained on the pigment dur-ing the grinding process enhances the gloss of the resulting emulsion film as contrasted with the unmodified vinyl emulsion polymer. The addition of the polyether polyol further reduces the tendency of the pigmented system to settle.
The vinyl emulsion polymer/polyether polyol/amino-plast cross-linking agent blend when drawn down as a film on a suitable substrate can be baked at commercially used baking temperatures varying between about 150F. (65C.) to 400F.
(204C.) for baking cycles varying between about one-half minute to about 60 minutes. The addition of conventional acidic catalysts will shorten the baking cycle or reduce the lOf~8036 1 baking temperature. Caution should be exercised in the pre-mature addition of the acid catalyst to the coating composi-tion especially in large quantities even at low temperatures because such curing systems will then have limited shelf life and as a consequence, the addition of the catalyst should be accomplished just immediately prior to use.
The addition of the polyol to the vinyl emulsion polymer increases the application solids of the emulsion.
The polyol becomes a part of the continuous phase of the emul-sion and in order to achieve optimum stability of the emulsion A polymer/polyol ~r~h~, it is desirable that the polyol remainsin the water, i.e., in the continuous phase. If larger amounts of the polyether polyol migrate into the emulsion polymer ~
particles, the emulsion particles will swell and the emulsion -will display a tendency to coagulate. The preferred solubil- ~ ~
ity of the polyol in the aqueous phase can be achieved by ~ -proper matching of the solubility parameter* of the polyol, water and emulsion particles (* see Journal of Paint Tech- -nology, Vol. 39, No. 505, February 1967). The ideal situation would be that all of the polyether polyol is dissolved in the water and no polyol is dissolved in the emulsion polymer particles. For all practical purposes polyether polyol/vinyl emulsion polymer systems, one will observe a particular solu-bility of the polyol in the vinyl emulsion polymer particles.
During the baking process, the ideal polyether polyol should become completely soluble in the vinyl emulsion polymer and act as a coalescence aid and cosolvent. During the baking ~ ;
process, reaction of the functional groups of the polyol and the emulsion particles with the aminoplast cross-linking agent takes place producing a transparent, clear and compat-ible film. If the polyol is not completely soluble or only partly soluble in the vinyl emulsion polymer the baked, cross--linked films may be hazy and incompatible. For most appli-., ~068~)36 1 cations, this appearance deficiency is not desirable. The solubility of the polyether polyol in the vinyl emulsion poly-mer particles or in the water phase, i.e., the continuous phase, can be changed very readily by modifying the hydro-phobic/hydrophilic balance of the polyol and by changing themonomeric composition of the vinyl emulsion polymer. Some-times the water level in the polyether polyol/vinyl emulsion blend is too high for certain applications, in which event the polyether polyol/vinyl emulsion polymer blend can be vac-uum stripped to remove some or all of the water. All of thewater can be removed only if the blend contains about 50 vol-ume percent of the polyol and the vinyl emulsion polymer part-A
icles provide the remainder. If a higher amount of the vinyl emulsion polymer particle is present in the blend, the self--crowding of the emulsion will cause coagulation. In most cases the presence of 5% to 25% of water in the blend increases the stability. The best way to remove water from the polyol/-emulsion blend is at slightly elevated temperatures and under a high vacuum, i.e., low absolute pressure. ~ -Throughout the specification and in the claims the hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance of the polyether polyol resins used in the present invention is discussed in significant detail. The water solubility of a polyether polyol resin can be achieved by the introduction of a variety of groups into a polymer backbone. The most common method of accomp-lishing this is the introduction of carboxyl groups. The amine or alkali salt of these carboxyl groups containing mon-omers are water soluble or water dispersible. Even very hy-drophobic polymers can be converted into water-soluble or at least water-dispersible polymeric material by the introduction of carboxyl groups followed by the formation of the amine salt. This approach, although commercially used, has certain disadvantages. One disadvantage resides in the fact that . ,- - - - -, - , - . , -. , . - . . . , -,: . ~ . - -. . : :
. ~: . .:: . .

~0~8~)36 1 an amine is required to obtain solubility and the amine is or may be toxic, is or may be a pollutant and is expensive.
In an aminoplast cross-linked coating composition these car-boxyl groups can react with the aminoplast cross-linking agents. The reaction between aminoplast cross-linking agents and the carboxyl groups eliminates the water sensitivity of the cured film. A second approach to achieve water solubility is the introduction of hydrophilic nonionic groups such as polyethylene glycol groups. This approach gives a water sol-uble or water dispersible product without the use of an amine.However, one disadvantage to this approach is that even after reaction with the aminoplast cross-linking agent, the water -sensitivity sites remain in the film and, therefore, the cross-linked structure gives poor resistance properties and, therefore, are frequently of no commercial interest. We have discovered that the disadvantage of water sensitive polyeth-ylene glycol groups in a molecule can be overcome by careful G
balancing hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups on the molecule.
By using these carefully balanced hydrophobic/hydrophilic polyols one can achieve water soIuble or water dispersible materials which after cross-linking with an aminoplast cross--linking agent give films with excellent water resistance.
It has been found that the hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance of the polyols used in the compositions of the present inven-tion can be expressed in the form of HLB value or weight per-cent hydrophobic/hydrophilic groups. The HLB value is an often used tool in expressing hydrophilic-lipophilic (hydro-phobic) balance of a nonionic surfactant molecule. A simpl~ i method of calculating the HLB value of a molecule is contained in the literature and is calculated by using the followingequation:
HLB Value -The HLB value (hydrophilic/lipophilic balance) has 1068~)36 l been found to be a very useful tool in selecting polyethers and predicting their water solubility for this application.
Polyethers with useful performance were found to have HLB
values from 3.5 to 18. The higher value gives better water dilution but poorer water resistance.
The HLB value of a polyether with known structure can be calculated using the following equation:
HLB = (hydrophilic) - (hydrophobic) +7 Contributing Group .....
10 Hydrophilic Hydrophobic Ester 2.4 -C-Carboxyl 2.1 -CH-) 0.475 Hydroxyl l.9 -CH2- ) Ether 1.3 -CH3- ) 15 -(CH2-CH2-O) 0-33 (-CH2-CH2-CH2-O-)- 0.15 -(CH2- C-O-)- 0.15 The HLB value of the polyols useful in the composi-tions of the present invention has to be between about 3.5 and about 18. A simpler method which was sufficiently ac-curate for the present purposes is the calculation of weight percent of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups in a mole-cule. The hydrophobic groups in the polyol compositions used in our invention are hydrocarbon or predominately hydrocarbon containing another atom such as oxygen so long as the ratio of the carbon/oxygen is larger than 2/l. The hydrophilic groups in the polyols used in the compositions of the present invention are derived from ethylene oxide as polyethylene glycol. Although another group can contribute to the hydro-philic character of the molecule, polyethylene glycol groups are the only groups that are considered to be of importance in the present invention. The usual method of obtaining such . .

10~;8036 1 a hydrophilic polyethylene glycol group on a molecule is by the reaction of a reactive hydrogen containing compound with ethylene oxide. The preferred hydrophobic groups in the poly-ether polyol used in the present invention are derived from aromatic or cyclooliphatic compounds such as bisphenol A, bisphenol F, hydrogenated bisphenol A and F, phenol-formalde-hyde, novolak resins or xylene formaldehyde resins. Propyl-ene oxide and/or higher a-olefine oxides also contribute to the hydrophobic nature of the polyether polyol molecule.
The molecular weight of the vinyl emulsion polymers of the present invention have been set forth hereinabove as overall and preferred ranges. These molecular weight deter-minations are matched on polymers having a molecular weight of about 10,000 or less by use of a vapor pressure osmometer.
When the molecular weight of the vinyl polymer is in excess of about 10,000, the molecular weight determination is made by measuring the viscosity on a capillary viscosimeter. It has been indicated hereinabove that one may use between about 3% to about 98% of the polyether polyol resin and correspond-ingly from about 97% to about 2% by weight of the aqueousvinyl emulsion polymer as defined. It is preferred to use between about 20% to about 80% of the polyol resin and corre-spondingly from about 80% to about 20% of the aqueous vinyl emulsion polymer. It is desired to use between about 10% to about 85%, by weight, based on the total weight, of the mix-ture of the polyether polyol resin and the aqueous vinyl emul-sion polymer, of a compatible aminoplast cross-linking agent having an average molecular weight not greater than about 1,500. It is preferred to use between about 15% to about 50%, by weight, of said cross-linking agent, same basis.
The water-dilutable polyether polyol resins used in the present invention may be normally liquid, i.e. liquid at atmospheric pressure and at about room temperature, i.e.

. . . .. . .

10~8~36 1 about 20-25C. However, since the aminoplast cross-linking agents used in the compositions of the present invention are in some instances solids and in other instances liquid, use of normally solid water-dilutable polyether polyol resins can be made since they can be dissolved or dispersed in the compatible aminoplast cross-linking agent. Additionally, normally solid water-dilutable polyether polyol resins that have a softening or melting point of 30C., 40C., 50C. and higher may be warmed to their melting point and a solid com-patible aminoplast cross-linking agent may be dissolved there-in and upon cooling to room temperature the mixture remains liquid. Additionally, these same normally solid polyol resins may be heated to their melting temperature and a normally liquid compatible aminoplast cross-linking agent may be dis-persed therein with thorough mixing and upon cooling to roomtemperature, the mixture remains liquid. Still further, these normally solid polyol resins may be diluted with a small quan-tity of water, since they are water-dilutable, to form a high solids solution of the polyol in water which solution may then be blended with a solid or a liquid compatible aminoplast cross-linking agent of the class described herein. Still further, one could take a normally solid water-dilutable poly-ether polyol resin and a normally solid compatible aminoplast - cross-linking agent and the two solids can be physically mixed to form an eutectic mixture which remains liquid at room temp-erature.

Claims (11)

The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive pro-perty or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:

1. A composition of matter comprising a blend of (A), from about 3% to about 98%, by weight, of a water-dilut-able, nonionic polyether polyol resin having only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms and optionally halogen atoms, hav-ing an average molecular weight between about 300 and about 2,000, having at least two alcoholic hydroxy groups, having from about 80% to about 10%, by weight, of hydrophobic moiet-ies derived at least in part from aromatic or cycloaliphatic materials and correspondingly from about 20% to about 90%, by weight, of hydrophilic moieties consisting of -(CH2-CH2-O-) units; (B), correspondingly from about 97% to about 2%, by weight, solids basis, of an aqueous vinyl emulsion of a vinyl polymer having a particle size between about 600 .ANG. and 50,000 .ANG., containing from about 1% to about 10%, by weight, of func-tional reactive groups selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, carboxyl, amide, keto, methylol and alkoxymethyl groups and (C) from about 10% to about 85%, by weight, based on the total weight of (A) and (B), of a compatible aminoplast cross-linking agent having an average molecular weight not greater than about 1,500.

2. A composition according to Claim 1 in which the cross-linking agent is alkylated with a C1-C4 alkanol.

3. A composition according to Claim 1 in which (A) is present in an amount varying from about 20% to about 80% and (B) is present correspondingly in an amount varying from about 80% to about 20%.

4. A composition according to Claim 1 in which (A) is a reaction product of 4,4'-methylene diphenol, propyl-ene oxide and ethylene oxide.

5. A composition according to Claim 1 in which (A) is a reaction product of 4,4'-isopropylidene diphenol and ethylene oxide.

6. A composition according to Claim 1 in which (C) is an alkylated C1-C4 urea formaldehyde cross-linking agent.

7. A composition according to Claim 1 in which (C) is an alkylated C1-C4 melamine-formaldehyde cross-linking agent.

8. A composition according to Claim 1 in which (C) is an alkylated C1-C4 benzoguanamine-formaldehyde cross--linking agent.

9. A composition according to Claim 1 in which the aqueous vinyl emulsion polymer is a terpolymer of butyl acrylate, styrene and acrylic acid.

10. A composition according to Claim 1 in which the aqueous vinyl emulsion polymer is a tetrapolymer of methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, acrylic acid and .beta.-hydroxyethyl methacrylate.

11. A composition according to Claim 1 that con-tains (C) from 15% to 50% by weight based on the total weight of (A) and (B) of a compatible aminoplast cross-linking agent having an average molecular weight not greater than 1,500.