CA1065254A - Protective film-forming teat dip for dairy animals - Google Patents
Protective film-forming teat dip for dairy animalsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1065254A CA1065254A CA260,421A CA260421A CA1065254A CA 1065254 A CA1065254 A CA 1065254A CA 260421 A CA260421 A CA 260421A CA 1065254 A CA1065254 A CA 1065254A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- teat dip
- weight
- dip
- volume
- vinyl
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/24—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing ingredients to enhance the sticking of the active ingredients
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/12—Iodine, e.g. iodophors; Compounds thereof
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
An improved teat dip which includes the addition of PVP in an amount in the range of 0.1 to 20% weight/volume to provide a protective film on the teat of a diary animal in use. The PVP is added to a conventional teat dip. Preferably, the PVP is plasticized before it is added to the conventional teat dip.
An improved teat dip which includes the addition of PVP in an amount in the range of 0.1 to 20% weight/volume to provide a protective film on the teat of a diary animal in use. The PVP is added to a conventional teat dip. Preferably, the PVP is plasticized before it is added to the conventional teat dip.
Description
s~s~
1 This invention relates to teat dips for dairy animals.
In particular, this invention relates to an improved teat dip which forms a long-lasting protective film coating on the teats of the dairy animals.
PRIOR ART
Teat dips for dairy animals have been available for many ycars. The conventional teat dip which is presently in wide use consists of a germicide such as iodine, as an active ingredient, a detergent carrier and a pH buffer, in water. The conventional iodine-release teat dip has been shown by laboratory tests to assist in inhibiting the spread of mastistis. The lab-oratory tests indicate that the known teat dips are effective as sanitizers and germicidal compounds. However, in actual use under farming conditions, teat dips are considerably less effective than they are in laboratory tests.
During milking, the action of the suction cups in a ~o~la ~e B mechanical milking machine tends to product nicks and cracks in the skin crevices and in chaffed areas of the epidermis and corium. When the conventional teat dip is used after milkingt the germicidal content can irritate the highly sensitized warmed skin areas of the teats and this can cause considerable discomfort to the animal and may even cause an initial increase in existing skin irritation. This problem is particularly acute if the teat dip has been buffered to a higher pH of about 5 with free caustic material.
I have found that the effectiveness of conventional teat dips is significantly reduced by factors relating to the animal's environment during feeding and rest periods between milking times. For example, when an animal is in pasture it is exposed to factors such as temperature, air humidity, precip-itation, sunshine, wind velocity, evaporation, and contact .
, ~" 10ti5;~54 1 With insects and pasture weeds, all of which can considerably redu~e the effective li~e of a teat dip. In addition, when animals are stabled, other influences such as insufficient, soiled or unsuitable bedding, contact with manure and other contamina~ts, can also adversely affect the effectiveness of -the teat dip. I have also found that the desirable germical characteristics of the conventional iodine-release teat dips are adversely affected during the feeding and rest period between milkings by wound secretions which retard the recon-stitution of the natural oil mantle on the skin and by the exposure to light.
According to one aspect of the present invention, I have found that the effectiveness of a conventional iodine ; teat dip can be substantially improved by the addition of PVP
l-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone polymer in an amount sufficient to form a protective film on the teats.
According to a further aspect of the present i~vention, I have found that the effectiveness of the protective film formed by the PVP is substantially increased by plasticizing the PVP prior to its addition to the conventional teat dip.
According to another aspect of the present invention an improved teat dip consists of .1 to 3% weight/volume of a germicide as an active ingredient, 1 to 25% weight/volume of a deterge~nt carrier and 1 to 10% weight/volume of a pH buffer having as an addition l-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone polymer in an amount in the range of .01 to 20% weight/volume to form a protective film on the teat of a dairy animal in use.
.: , According to a still further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a teat dip consisting of 0.1 to 3%
weight/volume of a germicide as an active ingredient, 1 to 25%
weight/volume of a detergent carrier and ~ to 10% weignt/volume of a pH buffer, the improvement of the addition of plasticized PVP
in the range of 0.1 to 20% weight/volume, the PVP being plasticized ` : ' . .
--- 1065~5~
to form a long-lasting non-tacky elastic protective film on the teat in use, the plasticizing agent being added to the PVP in an amount in the range of 10 to 35% weight of PVP.
Tests have shown that the PVP when added to a conventional teat dip as a protective film former is most effective when added in an amount of about 2% weight/volume. The PVP forms an effec-tive coating on the teat which protects the udder against the a~verse effects of exposure to environmen~al farm conditions of the type previously described.
The improvement achieved by the addition of PVP is further enhanced by piasticizing the PVP prior to its addition to the conventional teat dip. Suitable plasticizing agents for this purpose may be selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, urea, carboxmethylcellulose, and glycerol and any combin-ation thereof. The plastic-izer is added in an amount in the range of 10 to 35% weight of the PVP such that the film formed by the PVP in use is a long-lasting non-tacky elastic protective ; film. The plasticizer increases the elasticity of the film with the result that the film is more effective in resisting the deleterious effects of the environment to which the animal is exposed between milkings.
It has also been determined that the difficulties which have previously been experienced with respect to skin irritation when applying a teat dip to a freshly milked teat are effectively reduced by the use of a teat dip according to the present invention in which the pH is adjusted to a pH
in the range of 4 to 5.5 and ideally 4.8 by the addition of a buffer in the form of an organic or inorganic salt such as mono-di-or tri-sodium salts of citric, phosphoric or carbonic acid and/or blends thereof.
; It has also been found that an ultraviolet light absorber of the type suitable for skin contact may be added to the PVP in an amount in the range of O.Olto 3% weight of PVP
-: . . . :
: : . - ..
106~5~
and the ultraviolet light absorber serves as an optical filter in the protective coatings to counteract the deleterious effects of exposure of the film to sunlight and other sources of radiation.
Suitable ultraviolet light absorbers are effective in the ultra-violet radiation range of 200 to 400 my. Suitable ultraviolet - absorbers are as follows;
1 This invention relates to teat dips for dairy animals.
In particular, this invention relates to an improved teat dip which forms a long-lasting protective film coating on the teats of the dairy animals.
PRIOR ART
Teat dips for dairy animals have been available for many ycars. The conventional teat dip which is presently in wide use consists of a germicide such as iodine, as an active ingredient, a detergent carrier and a pH buffer, in water. The conventional iodine-release teat dip has been shown by laboratory tests to assist in inhibiting the spread of mastistis. The lab-oratory tests indicate that the known teat dips are effective as sanitizers and germicidal compounds. However, in actual use under farming conditions, teat dips are considerably less effective than they are in laboratory tests.
During milking, the action of the suction cups in a ~o~la ~e B mechanical milking machine tends to product nicks and cracks in the skin crevices and in chaffed areas of the epidermis and corium. When the conventional teat dip is used after milkingt the germicidal content can irritate the highly sensitized warmed skin areas of the teats and this can cause considerable discomfort to the animal and may even cause an initial increase in existing skin irritation. This problem is particularly acute if the teat dip has been buffered to a higher pH of about 5 with free caustic material.
I have found that the effectiveness of conventional teat dips is significantly reduced by factors relating to the animal's environment during feeding and rest periods between milking times. For example, when an animal is in pasture it is exposed to factors such as temperature, air humidity, precip-itation, sunshine, wind velocity, evaporation, and contact .
, ~" 10ti5;~54 1 With insects and pasture weeds, all of which can considerably redu~e the effective li~e of a teat dip. In addition, when animals are stabled, other influences such as insufficient, soiled or unsuitable bedding, contact with manure and other contamina~ts, can also adversely affect the effectiveness of -the teat dip. I have also found that the desirable germical characteristics of the conventional iodine-release teat dips are adversely affected during the feeding and rest period between milkings by wound secretions which retard the recon-stitution of the natural oil mantle on the skin and by the exposure to light.
According to one aspect of the present invention, I have found that the effectiveness of a conventional iodine ; teat dip can be substantially improved by the addition of PVP
l-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone polymer in an amount sufficient to form a protective film on the teats.
According to a further aspect of the present i~vention, I have found that the effectiveness of the protective film formed by the PVP is substantially increased by plasticizing the PVP prior to its addition to the conventional teat dip.
According to another aspect of the present invention an improved teat dip consists of .1 to 3% weight/volume of a germicide as an active ingredient, 1 to 25% weight/volume of a deterge~nt carrier and 1 to 10% weight/volume of a pH buffer having as an addition l-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone polymer in an amount in the range of .01 to 20% weight/volume to form a protective film on the teat of a dairy animal in use.
.: , According to a still further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a teat dip consisting of 0.1 to 3%
weight/volume of a germicide as an active ingredient, 1 to 25%
weight/volume of a detergent carrier and ~ to 10% weignt/volume of a pH buffer, the improvement of the addition of plasticized PVP
in the range of 0.1 to 20% weight/volume, the PVP being plasticized ` : ' . .
--- 1065~5~
to form a long-lasting non-tacky elastic protective film on the teat in use, the plasticizing agent being added to the PVP in an amount in the range of 10 to 35% weight of PVP.
Tests have shown that the PVP when added to a conventional teat dip as a protective film former is most effective when added in an amount of about 2% weight/volume. The PVP forms an effec-tive coating on the teat which protects the udder against the a~verse effects of exposure to environmen~al farm conditions of the type previously described.
The improvement achieved by the addition of PVP is further enhanced by piasticizing the PVP prior to its addition to the conventional teat dip. Suitable plasticizing agents for this purpose may be selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, urea, carboxmethylcellulose, and glycerol and any combin-ation thereof. The plastic-izer is added in an amount in the range of 10 to 35% weight of the PVP such that the film formed by the PVP in use is a long-lasting non-tacky elastic protective ; film. The plasticizer increases the elasticity of the film with the result that the film is more effective in resisting the deleterious effects of the environment to which the animal is exposed between milkings.
It has also been determined that the difficulties which have previously been experienced with respect to skin irritation when applying a teat dip to a freshly milked teat are effectively reduced by the use of a teat dip according to the present invention in which the pH is adjusted to a pH
in the range of 4 to 5.5 and ideally 4.8 by the addition of a buffer in the form of an organic or inorganic salt such as mono-di-or tri-sodium salts of citric, phosphoric or carbonic acid and/or blends thereof.
; It has also been found that an ultraviolet light absorber of the type suitable for skin contact may be added to the PVP in an amount in the range of O.Olto 3% weight of PVP
-: . . . :
: : . - ..
106~5~
and the ultraviolet light absorber serves as an optical filter in the protective coatings to counteract the deleterious effects of exposure of the film to sunlight and other sources of radiation.
Suitable ultraviolet light absorbers are effective in the ultra-violet radiation range of 200 to 400 my. Suitable ultraviolet - absorbers are as follows;
2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulfonic acid 2-2',4.4'-tetrahydroxybenzophenone 2,2'-dihydroxy 4,4'-dimethoxybenxophenone --sod.2,2'-dihydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxy-5-sulfobenzophenone 2-ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate - The l-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone polymer PVP, which is added to the conventional teat dip according to the present invention has the structural formula , H2C CH2 ~ L -I -~ CH-CH2 n In the preparation of the improved teat dip of the present invention, a conventional germicidal teat dip is prepared consisting of a germicide, a detergent carrier and a buffer as a stabilizer to a pH of 4.8. In a separate operation, the PVP
is plasticized. Thereafter, the plasticized PVP is added to the conventional germicidal teat dip. It is important to note that the plasticized PVP must be added to the conventional teat dip after the conventional teat dip has been compounded and buffered to a pH of 4.8 so that the plasticized PVP will form a protective film in use. -- -From the foregoing, it will be apparent that the ~resent invention provides a simple and efficient teat dip.
.
is plasticized. Thereafter, the plasticized PVP is added to the conventional germicidal teat dip. It is important to note that the plasticized PVP must be added to the conventional teat dip after the conventional teat dip has been compounded and buffered to a pH of 4.8 so that the plasticized PVP will form a protective film in use. -- -From the foregoing, it will be apparent that the ~resent invention provides a simple and efficient teat dip.
.
Claims (21)
1. In a teat dip consisting of .1 to 3% weight/
volume of a germicide as an active ingredient, 1 to 25%
weight/volume of a detergent carrier and 1 to 10% weight/
volume of a pH buffer, in water, the improvement of the addition of 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone polymer in an amount in the range of 0.1 to 20% weight/volume to provide a protective film on the teat of a dairy animal in use.
volume of a germicide as an active ingredient, 1 to 25%
weight/volume of a detergent carrier and 1 to 10% weight/
volume of a pH buffer, in water, the improvement of the addition of 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone polymer in an amount in the range of 0.1 to 20% weight/volume to provide a protective film on the teat of a dairy animal in use.
2. A teat dip as claimed in Claim 1 wherein 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone polymer is added in an amount in the range of 1 to 10% weight/volume.
3. A teat dip as claimed in Claim 2 wherein 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone polymer is added in an amount of about 2% weight/volume.
4. A teat dip as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the active germicidal ingredient is iodine.
5. A teat dip as claimed in Claim 4 wherein the pH of the dip is adjusted to a pH in the range of 4 to 5.5.
6. A teat dip as claimed in Claim 5 wherein the pH is about 4.8.
7. A teat dip as claimed in Claim 5 wherein the pH of the dip is adjusted by the addition of an organic or inorganic salt.
8. A teat dip as claimed in Claim 7 wherein the pH of the dip is adjusted by the addition of a mono-di-or tri-sodium salt selected from the group consisting of citric, phosphoric or barbonic acid salts and/or blends thereof.
9. A teat dip as claimed in Claim 1 wherein an ultra-violet light absorber of the type suitable for skin contact is added to the 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone polymer in the amount of 0.01 to 3% weight/volume of the 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone polymer.
10. A teat dip as claimed in Claim 9 wherein an ultraviolet light absorber is selected from a group consisting of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulfonic acid 2-2', 4,4'-tetrahydroxybenzophenone 2,2'-dihydroxy 4,4' -dimethoxybenzophenone sod. 2,2'-dihydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxy-5-sulfobenzophenone 2-ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate
11. In a teat dip which consist of .1 to 3% weight/
volume of a germicide as an active ingredient, 1 to 25%
weight/ volume of a detergent carrier and 1 to 10% weight/
volume of a pH buffer, in water, the improvement of the addition of plasticized 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone polymer in the range of 0.1 to 20% weight/volume, the 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone polymer being plasticized to form a long-lasting non-tacky elastic protective film on the teat in use, the plasticizing agent being added to the 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone polymer in an amount in the range of 10 to 35% weight of 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone polymer.
volume of a germicide as an active ingredient, 1 to 25%
weight/ volume of a detergent carrier and 1 to 10% weight/
volume of a pH buffer, in water, the improvement of the addition of plasticized 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone polymer in the range of 0.1 to 20% weight/volume, the 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone polymer being plasticized to form a long-lasting non-tacky elastic protective film on the teat in use, the plasticizing agent being added to the 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone polymer in an amount in the range of 10 to 35% weight of 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone polymer.
12. A teat dip as claimed in Claim 11 wherein the plasticizing agent is selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, urea, carboxymethylcellulose and glycerol and any combination thereof.
13. A teat dip as claimed in Claim 11 wherein 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone polymer is added in an amount in the range of 1 to 10% weight/volume.
14. A teat dip as claimed in Claim 13 wherein 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone polymer is added in an amount of about 2% weight/volume.
15. A teat dip as claimed in Claim 11 wherein the active germicidal ingredient is iodine.
16. A teat dip as claimed in Claim 15 wherein the pH of the dip is adjusted to a pH in the range of 4 to 5.5.
17. A teat dip as claimed in Claim 16 wherein the pH is about 4.8.
18. A teat dip as claimed in Claim 16 wherein the pH of the dip is adjusted by the addition of an organic or inorganic salt.
19. A teat dip as claimed in Claim 18 wherein the pH d the dip is adjusted by the addition of a mono-di-or tri-sodium salt selected from the group consisting of citric, phosphoric or carbonic acid salts and/or blends thereof.
20. A teat dip as claimed in Claim 11 wherein an ultraviolet light absorber of the type suitable for skin contact is added to the 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone polymer in the amount of 0.01 to 3% weight/volume of the 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone polymer.
21. A teat dip as claimed in Claim 20 wherein an ultraviolet light absorber is selected from a group consisting of:
2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulfonic acid 2-2',4,4'-tetrahydroxybenzophenone 2,2'-dihydroxy 4,4'-dimethoxybenzophenone sod.2,2'-dihydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxy-5-sulfobenzophenone 2-ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate.
2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulfonic acid 2-2',4,4'-tetrahydroxybenzophenone 2,2'-dihydroxy 4,4'-dimethoxybenzophenone sod.2,2'-dihydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxy-5-sulfobenzophenone 2-ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA260,421A CA1065254A (en) | 1976-09-02 | 1976-09-02 | Protective film-forming teat dip for dairy animals |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA260,421A CA1065254A (en) | 1976-09-02 | 1976-09-02 | Protective film-forming teat dip for dairy animals |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1065254A true CA1065254A (en) | 1979-10-30 |
Family
ID=4106775
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA260,421A Expired CA1065254A (en) | 1976-09-02 | 1976-09-02 | Protective film-forming teat dip for dairy animals |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1065254A (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0030576A1 (en) * | 1978-09-22 | 1981-06-24 | Masti-Kure Products Co., Inc. | Film-forming alcoholic microbicidal teat dip and method of use thereof |
| US5503838A (en) * | 1993-04-15 | 1996-04-02 | Ecolab Inc. | Iodine barrier teat dip |
| EP0799047A1 (en) * | 1994-12-09 | 1997-10-08 | West Agro, Inc. | Viscous liquid conditioning topical germicides |
| EP1089620A1 (en) * | 1998-06-29 | 2001-04-11 | Hydromer, Inc. | Hydrophilic polymer blends used to prevent cow skin infections |
| US6395289B1 (en) | 1998-06-29 | 2002-05-28 | Hydromer, Inc. | Hydrophilic polymer blends used to prevent cow skin infections |
| US6440442B1 (en) | 1998-06-29 | 2002-08-27 | Hydromer, Inc. | Hydrophilic polymer blends used for dry cow therapy |
| EP1955594A1 (en) * | 2002-01-16 | 2008-08-13 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Antiseptic compositions and methods |
-
1976
- 1976-09-02 CA CA260,421A patent/CA1065254A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0030576A1 (en) * | 1978-09-22 | 1981-06-24 | Masti-Kure Products Co., Inc. | Film-forming alcoholic microbicidal teat dip and method of use thereof |
| US5503838A (en) * | 1993-04-15 | 1996-04-02 | Ecolab Inc. | Iodine barrier teat dip |
| EP0799047A1 (en) * | 1994-12-09 | 1997-10-08 | West Agro, Inc. | Viscous liquid conditioning topical germicides |
| EP0799047A4 (en) * | 1994-12-09 | 1998-04-01 | West Agro Inc | Viscous liquid conditioning topical germicides |
| US6395289B1 (en) | 1998-06-29 | 2002-05-28 | Hydromer, Inc. | Hydrophilic polymer blends used to prevent cow skin infections |
| EP1089620A4 (en) * | 1998-06-29 | 2001-11-07 | Hydromer Inc | Hydrophilic polymer blends used to prevent cow skin infections |
| EP1089620A1 (en) * | 1998-06-29 | 2001-04-11 | Hydromer, Inc. | Hydrophilic polymer blends used to prevent cow skin infections |
| US6440442B1 (en) | 1998-06-29 | 2002-08-27 | Hydromer, Inc. | Hydrophilic polymer blends used for dry cow therapy |
| CZ302076B6 (en) * | 1998-06-29 | 2010-09-29 | Hydromer, Inc. | Hydrophilic polymer mixture used for prevention skin infection of cows |
| EP1955594A1 (en) * | 2002-01-16 | 2008-08-13 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Antiseptic compositions and methods |
| US8840932B2 (en) | 2002-01-16 | 2014-09-23 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Antiseptic compositions and methods |
| US9277750B2 (en) | 2002-01-16 | 2016-03-08 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Antiseptic compositions and methods |
| EP3064065A1 (en) * | 2002-01-16 | 2016-09-07 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Antiseptic compositions and methods |
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