CA1048252A - Thermal glass structural method and device - Google Patents

Abstract

ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE

This invention is a method and apparatus for per-forming such method, whereby ordinary single glass building elements, such as windows, doors and the like are converted to double walled, partially evacuated elements by the use of special adaptive elements in combination with sealant and desicant materials. The apparatus includes the combination with a frame for holding a single pane of glass of an adaptive element comprising an elongated base member having an elongated rail depending from one side thereof and perpendicular to the plane thereof, said rail being inserted in said frame in lieu of glass, a pair of elongated guides--one adjacent each edge of said base--depending from said base in the opposite direc-tion from said rail and at a perpendicular relationship to the base, said guides being provided with serrations on their sur-faces facing one another, and a pair of L-shaped projections depending from said base in the same direction as said elongated guides, said L-shaped projections each having an outer end portion facing one another in a mirror image of such manner as to form a T-shaped cavity intermediate said elongated guides; mastic material partially filling the space between said elongated guides; two panes of glass within said elongated guides, one side of each pane of glass being adjacent the said serrations, the other sides of said panes of glass being at a spaced relationship from one another, an elongated hollow mem-ber containing a desicant extending the length of said panes of glass and adjacent their edges in contact with said mastic.
The method includes the steps of placing a sealant material within the members of an adaptive element suitable for holding two panes of glass in a spaced apart relationship, placing two panes of glass in a spaced apart relationship within the sealant and within the adaptive element, placing desicant material be-tween the panes and mounting the adaptive element within the U-shaped portion of the single pane window frame.

Description

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B_KGROUND OF T~ NVENTION

1. FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention is in the general field of in-sulated~ or reduced thermally conductive, building ele~ents, and more particularly building elements of glass, such as windows, doors and the like. It is - further more particularly directed to double walled glass elements having a space between them to reduce conductivity through the glass elements of energy waves, most particularly, sound, and heat waves.

2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
It is known to manufacture building elements with double walled, and insulated characteristics for purpose of reducing transfer of heat and sound. It is also known to construct such elements wherein the walls~of the insulated item are formed of glass such - as for windows, doors, and the like. Such items are constructed in manufacturing locations; and control, proper fitting, relationship of the elements to one another, and the like,-are accomplished under proper factory conditions wlth appropriate tooling and the like all of which Is confining. Heretofore, it has not been possible to mount such elements in an existing door frame, window frames, and the like, which were previously constructed for single thickness glass elements. For the first time I have provided a ~ethod and apparatus for economical conversion of such old ~`' 2-1~48Z5Z

building ele~ents to appropriately constructed elements which reduce the passa~e of thermal and sonic waves.
In this sense, there is no prior art relating to this un;que method and combination.

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_UMMARY OF I~E IN~EIIION

In all buildin~s and the like, the transfer of heat and sound through windo~s, doors, or other glass elements, is of major concern, and is particularly of great concern under the present conditions of restricted supplies of ener~y.
It is known that sound and heat are transmitted relatively readily through glass. It is also known that such transfer is materially inhibited wherein two thicknesses of glass are used with a space between cont~ining either an insulating material, air, or some other gas. And, it is further known that maximum in-hibition of the transmission of such waves is achieved wherein a vacuum is caused to exist between the thick-nesses of glass. An ideal illustration of this phenom-Jtl ~R ~05 (Tral e Mark) D enom is the commonly known and widely used ~e~ bottle.
In recent years some effort has been directed towards the construction of windows, doors, and the like for buildings wherein two thicknesses of glass are utilized ~lith a space containing air between them. A
:~ dramatic reduction of heat and sound transfer is achieved when such thicknesses are properly arranged within an appropriate frame, and properly sealed under controlled conditions.
Certain deficiencies occur when such installation of two thicknesses of glass is not perfect, in that admission ~;~, 4_ : .; - . . . . . : . ........... . - - :. . : . .: : : . ~ .:
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82~i2 of moisture laden a;r into the space between the gl~ss elements may result in fogging ~aking it difficult to see through the glass as well as causing an unsightly condition and stain;ng on the interior of the glass. Also, such leakage ~ill reduce the effectiveness of the insulation.
Attempts to insulate windows by adding an addi-tional pane of glass have been unsuccessful and frustrating because of the numerous problems incurred, including the foregoing, and, also, the costs and difficulties of installation in a window sash origionally designed for a single pane of glass or grate.
I have studied the construction of various types of windows utilizing single thicknesses of glass, and of doors and the like as well. I have finally con-ceived and developed a method by wh;ch old existlng windows can be converted, at the slte of the windows, to double-walled construction without deficiencies, and with great economy compared to factory constructed devices.
Additlonally, I have conceived and developed a method by 2~ which a partial vacuum is created between the two panes, if desired, in order more~effectively to inhibit the transfer of heat and sound and to enhance the quality of the installation.
In my method, I insert a special adapter element within the existing window frame and in l;eu of the ex;sting window pane. This adaptive element is so con-structed so as to receive two like pleces of glass at _~_ ;

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',. ~ ,', ' . ' ~ ' ~ ' ' ~ ' 8~52 a spaced distance from one another with provision for a sealing mastic as well as provision for deformative corner elements so as to insure permanent maintenance of the glass elernents in the desired location and with appropriate protection against leakage at the mastic areas.
I have also provided a special method of removing moisture and causing a partial vacuum in the space between the glass elements wherein the air in such space is heated prior to final sealing, and an appropriate desicant material is confined within an element in such manner that it will absorb all moisture in the space and within the heated air, thus insuring against steam and fog within the space and likewise causing a part;al vacuum during the removal of the moisture from the air.
The desicant material (such as silica gel or the like) is confined within a decorative element, which decorative element also acts as an appropriate spacer and locking device to maintain the glass elements in their desired respective locations.
Of importance, is the cooperative relationship between the adaptive elements, the corner connectors, and the desicant containment element. And their over- `
all relationship to appropriate sealent.
It is an object of this invention to provide a method and apparatus for converting a single pane window and the like to double pane elements;

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5;2 Another object af this invention is to provide such a method and apparatus wherein the space between the panes is appropriately controlled and sealed from the outside atlnosphere;
Another object of this invention is to provide a ~ethod and device as above described wherein moisture is removed from air in the space between the glass elements;
Another object of this invention is to prov;de a method and device as mentioned wherein a partial vacuum may be accomplished in the space between the glass elements.
The foregoin~ and other objects and advantages of this invention will become apparent to thos:e skilled in the art upon reading the following descr;ption of a preferred embodiment in conjunction with the appended drawings.

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BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is a partially broken away perspective o~ a wlndow constructed in accordance with a preferred embodlment Or the method of this lnvention and showlng the elements o~ .-preferred apparatus ~or per~orming the method;
Figure 2 is an enlarged sectional view of the adaptive element in which the glass is mounted in the embodiment shown ln:`Figure l; `~h Figure 2a ls a sectional view o~ an adaptive element constructed in accordance wlth an alternative embodiment of .
the present invention;
Figure 3 is a partlally broken away perspectlve of a glass door which has been converted by the method and apparatus of ~his inventlon;
Figure 4 is an enlarged sectional siew of the adaptive element ln which the glass 18 mounted in the embodlment shown in Figure 3;
Figure 5 is a partially broken away view of one o~ the ~ ~
mitered corners of the~glass~holding element of Flgure 3 with ~ k one piece lifted out of oontact and twisted out~of theaway to illustrate particularly the utiliza~on of a corner-holding bracket; and - :
Flgure 6 ls an enlarged perspective o~ the corner-holdlng bracket shown in Figure 5.

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C~ESCRIPTION OF A PREFERP~ED EM~ODIMENT

A preferred embodiment of a combination to practice th;s invention is illustrated in FIGURE l.
Window panes are normally mounted in a suitable frame, such as an aluminum frame or the like, for fixed or movable installation in a wall. The frame illustrated in this case consists of a frame of customary con-struction, known in ~he art, the details of which are omitted, but which frame consists of four sides, lO, ll, 12 and 13. These elements may be connected together by suitable brackets or the like known in the art. In the case illustrated the sides are suitably fastened by screws or the like 14 adjacent the corners as indicated. O~her constructions are known and this is not deemed in any manner critical.
Such frames as illustrated are normally constructed in such manner as to accommodate a pane of glass with suitab1e insulating strips about the edges of the glass, or the like. Such frames, therefore, have a relatively narrow opening therein, and are not in themselves susceptible of adaption to the mounting of double-walled insulating panes of glass therein.
I have invented a unique combination of two panes of glass, 38 and 39, mastic, sealing and installation material 31, moisture eliminating arrange-ment 32~ and an adapter 20 to hold said two panes of glass, the mastic, and moisture eliminating materials.

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The adapter 20 fits within the ordinary window frames 10, 11, 12, and 13 confi~lure~ so a~ to basically maintain the interior configuration of the window and yet to accommodate the extra width reguired in an unusual rnanner.
With attention directed to FIGURES 1 and 2, the unique adapter 1 provided is illustrated by the numeral 20 generally. The adapter 20 has an appropriate tongue or the like 30 running the length, such tongue being lQ suitable to become Pngaged in the channel section 15 of each portion of the window frame, as shown in connection with portion 12 on FIGURE 1.
As illustrated in FIGURE 1, the two panes of glass 38 and 39 are secured within the adapter 20 by appro-priate mastic, such as silicone or the like 31. As a combination spreader 4, (to maintain separation between the panes of glass) and as a moisture removal means (to remove moisture from between the two panes), a strip 32 essentially in the shape indicated (although this is not critical) is provided, which strip may be extruded of plastic, aluminum, or the like and is filled in its interior with a desicant such as silica gel or the like and will be appropriately perforated on the top so as to allow it to accept moisture from the space from between the panes of glass. Such a strip, containing desicant, is known in the art, and is utilized in some existing thermal double-walled installations. Details of such a desicant strip are lQ-~ , . ..... ..

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known in the art and are not given here.
Turning attention now to FIGURE 2, which is an --enlarged sectional v;ew of the adapter 20 without the silicone or the like 31, nor the panes of glass, nor the desicant strip, the unique combination will be particularly understood.
The adapter 20 is seen to consist of an essentially "U" shaped strip of rigid material such as aluminum, or the like, comprising a bottom segment 23 and t~o sides 21 and 22. The tongue 30 extends essentially as indicated from the bottom segment and is of appropriate size to fi~ the interior channel of the window frame.
It is off-set to one side as indicated in such manner that when installed, the edge 22 will essentially conform to the interior of the window casing and will not sub-stantially over-hang so as to create an unsightly or hazardous condition. The unusual shape of the tab 24 and the tab 25, creating the two pockets 2~ and Z9, allows the proper application of mastic sealing material so as to not only provide for the appropriate holding of the panes of glass, but, so as to provide appropriate expansion and contraction possibilities depending upon temperature conditions of the environment.
The scored edges 26 and 27 on the upper interior portions of edges 21 and 22 provide for the mastic to be held appropriately in that area and thus provide excellent wedging and holding action in the combination with the desicant strips 32.

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In act~lally assembling the unit, and making the conversion from a single pane of glass, it is desirable, in the best form of the practice of this invention, to assemble in a reasonably heated area, or to provide sufficient heat to the materials as they are applied, so tllat the air space bet~leen the panes of glass 38 and 39 is as warm as reasonably poss.ible. It is desirable that this air space is warmer than normal temperatures to be expected in the environment in which the window is installed. By this means, a vacuum condition is created within the space between the panes, depending upon the exact amount of applied heat, which vacuum condition results from the cooling and contraction of the air within the space is formed, together with the removal of moisture from said air~ by the desicant strip 32, thus, and improved insulating barrier is created due to the inhibition of the travel of`heat through the partially evacuated space.
FIGURES 3 and 4 i.llustrate an alternate embodiment of a device to practice the method of this invention, which has been more particularly designed for use in doors or the like. This is not necessarily limited to doors, but is particularly d~sirable in that application.
FIGURE 3 illustrates a sliding glass door utilizing the methods of thls invention and illustrating a preferred ;

ernbodiment of the unique combination.
Sliding glass doors are well known in the art, and the particular construction shown here is in no manner deemed to be limiting in any respect. Normally, a sliding glass door will consist of a top and bottom frame, 110 and 112, with two edges 111 and 113. A door frame of this nature will normally be fastened at its corners with screws 114 or the like so as to complete a rectangular unit. Such unit normally will roll upon rollers 133 and 134 or the like within a track or the like 136 at its lower edge, and be guided by a top channel or the like 137, The door will normally have a handle 135 or the like.
Such glass door frame, normally, will have a channel as at 115 which will be o~ approximately appropriately width to carry a single panel of glass.
In practicing ~this invention, the ~lass normally within the door frame will ~be removed, and the tongue 130 of the adapter combination will be of such width as to appropriately fit within the customary door frame. ~
A pair of glass panels 138 and~l39 will be~held within the adapter unit, generally 120, by an appropriate silicone mastic material 131 and with the use of a desicant strip 132. It is understood that the strip 132 will perform a function similar to the strip 32 described with reference to FIGURE 1, and the mastic material 131 will perform a similar function to the mastic material 31 described with ,~
reference tD FIGURE 1. For s;mplicity, the descriptions 13_ 3Z~
are not repeated, but are incorporated by this reference.
For practicing this embodiment, it is more particularly desired to center the adapter 12~ within the door frame, since frequently there are obstructions such as screens or the like which may not have sufficient clearance to the door to enable an over-hanging unit such as was described.
With attention d;rected particularly to FIGURE 4, which is an enlarged section of the adapter strip 120, it is seen that this consists of a strip of extruded alum;num lo or the like having two edges 122 and 121, together with a bottom element 123, with a tongue 130 depending from 123 in a direction opposed to the direction of edges 121 and 122.
In this case the tongue 131 is approximately centered upon the edge 123.
The tabs 124 and 125, which provide pockets 128, 129, and 129a, in combination with such pockets will provide for the appropriate holding and expansion qualities of the sealant material 131 in conjunction with the use of the glass panels 138 and 139 so as to provide appropriate retentlon and sealing.
FIGURE 5 illustrates a corner bracket which is generally used to provide additional stability to the corners of the adaptive elements. At the corner, the adaptive elements will normally be mitered essentially as indicated in FIGURE 5. The pocket, or channel 128 has driven into it one leg of a bracket 116. The other ~,.. . .

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leg extends at right angles and the mating adaptive element will be placed down upon it with the other leg of the corner bracket extending into the channel 128 appropriately, as will be understood. In the illustration of FIGURE 5, the essentially horizontal adaptive element is seen to have the bracket 11~ in place in its channel 128, and the mating adaptive element, being the vertical one in the illustration in FIGURE 5 will be placed down upon the upstanding leg of the bracket 116 until it is fully inserted into the channel of the adaptive element.
FIGURE 6 illustrates the typlcal corner bracket 116 having serrated edges on its interior 117 and 118 so shaped, as indicated, so as to grip the inner faces of the elements forming the channel 128. Normally the thickness of the corner bracket 116 will be such as to fit very snugly within the channel and thus be held firmly by the serrated edges 117 and 118.
It should be understood, that while not illustrated, a similar corner bracket ~lill fre~uently be llsed in conjunction with the embodiment shown in FIGURES 1 and 2. It will be utilized in the same-manner, and in the case of the embodiment shown in FIGURES 1 and 2, would be placed so as to grip within the channel pocket 28 in the adaptive element utilized in the embodiment of FIGURES 1 and 2.

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z The method of assembly, and the l;ke, will be similar for the embodiment shown in FI~,URES 3, 4, 5, and 6, to that described with reference to FIGURES 1 and 2, and will achieve essentially the same results.
A complete description of the method is not given here since it would be repetitive and anyone skilled in the art will understand that exactly the same process will be followed.
While the embodiments of this invention shown and described are fully capable of achieving the objects and advantages desired, such embodiments have been illustrated solely for purposes of illustration and not for purposes of limitation.

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Claims (2)

The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:

1. The method of converting a single pane window to a double-walled thermal window, and where the single pane window frame is basically of a U-shaped cross-section, including the steps of;
(a) removing the existing single glass pane from said single pane window frame, (b) placing a sealant material within the members of an adaptive element suitable to hold two panes of glass at a spaced-apart relationship, (c) placing two panes of glass at a spaced-apart re-lationship within said sealant and within said adaptive element, (d) placing desicant material between said panes, and (e) mounting said adaptive element within the U-shaped portion of the single pane window frame.

2. The method of Claim 2 in which the two panes of glass are heated prior to being placed within said frame so that a vacuum condition is created within the spaces between said panes.