BR112018074876B1 - USE OF N-(N-BUTYL)-2-PYRROLIDONE, COMPOSITION TO PROTECT PLANTS AND PROCESS TO PROMOTE THE PENETRATION OF AGROCHEMICAL ACTIVE SUBSTANCES INTO PLANTS - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to the use of N-substituted pyrrolidones to promote the penetration of agrochemical active substances. The use of one or more N-substituted pyrrolidones of formula (I) is described, in which R represents a saturated, linear or branched alkyl group with 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and in the alkyl group a hydrogen ?H can be replaced by a methoxy group ?OCH3 and 1 to 6 hydrogens ?H of the pyrrolidone ring can be replaced by methyl ?CH3, to promote the penetration of agrochemical active substances into plants or harmful non-plant organisms.

Description

[001] The invention relates to the use of certain N-substituted pyrrolidones to promote the penetration of agrochemical active substances into plants or non-plant harmful organisms or a corresponding process to promote the penetration of agrochemical active substances into plants or harmful organisms non-vegetable, as well as compositions for protecting plants containing certain N-substituted pyrrolidones.

[002] A general problem in the application of agrochemical active substances is that only a fraction of the active substances develop the desired activity. Most of it is often lost without being used, whereby the active substance, when applied, for example, in a spray broth, does not reach the leaves or roots of the plant, but rather infiltrates the soil without being used, not is well deposited on the target plant, is washed away by rain or is simply not correctly absorbed by the plant. But another problem may also consist in the fact that the agrochemical active substance does not or does not penetrate in sufficient quantity the harmful non-plant organisms to be combatted and thus does not develop its full effectiveness.

[003] For better absorption of agrochemical active substances in plants, for example, substances that promote the penetration of agrochemical active substances into plants, play an important role. Typical representatives are esterified vegetable oils, which increase the speed of penetration through the leaf surface, or surfactants and mineral oils, which increase the contact surface. Often, agents with this mechanism of action, but for reasons such as insufficient plant compatibility, problems in use or stability in formulations or application liquids, insufficient effect, too high application quantities or costs, require improvements. Furthermore, it would be desirable to also make available substances that promote the penetration of agrochemical active substances into harmful non-plant organisms.

[004] Thus, the objective was to make substances available, which are advantageously suitable for promoting the penetration of agrochemical active substances into plants or harmful non-plant organisms.

[005] It has now been surprisingly found that this objective is solved and that N-substituted pyrrolidones of formula (I) in which R represents a saturated, linear or branched alkyl group with 3 to 6, preferably 3 to 5 and particularly preferably 4 carbon atoms, wherein in the alkyl group a hydrogen -H can be replaced by a methoxy group -OCH3 and since 1 to 6 -H hydrogens of the pyrrolidone ring can be replaced by methyl -CH3, they are advantageously suitable for promoting the penetration of one or more agrochemical active substances into plants or non-plant harmful organisms.

[006] The object of the present invention is, therefore, the use of one or more N-substituted pyrrolidones of formula (I) in which R represents a saturated, linear or branched alkyl radical with 3 to 6, preferably 3 to 5 and particularly preferably, 4 carbon atoms, wherein in the alkyl chain a hydrogen -H can be replaced by a methoxy group -OCH3 , and being that 1 to 6 hydrogens -H of the pyrrolidone ring can be replaced by methyl -CH3, to promote the penetration of one or more agrochemical active substances into plants or harmful non-plant organisms.

[007] In the case of one or more N-substituted pyrrolidones of formula (I), these are corresponding N-substituted 2-pyrrolidones, that is, the CO carbonyl group of the pyrrolidone ring is adjacent to the N nitrogen ring.

[008] Through the effect of N-substituted pyrrolidones of formula (I) as penetration promoters, the biological effectiveness of agrochemical active substances increases due to the increase in their penetration into plants, such as, for example, the cuticle or harmful organisms not vegetables. In particular, in the presence of one or more N-substituted pyrrolidones of formula (I), more agrochemical active substance in the plant or non-plant harmful organism is absorbed compared to the situation, that in the application of the agrochemical active substance are not present any N-substituted pyrrolidones of formula (I).

[009] The N-substituted pyrrolidones of formula (I) are characterized by a very advantageous toxicological and ecological profile. With the help of N-substituted pyrrolidones of formula (I) it is possible to prepare formulations of compositions to protect plants without toxic effects on reproduction and with high biological efficacy.

[0010] The N-substituted pyrrolidones of formula (I) have good solvent properties and allow a high load of compositions to protect plants with agrochemical active substance. Here, N-substituted pyrrolidones can serve, in particular, as polar aprotic solvents.

[0011] For example, with N-(n-butyl)-2-pyrrolidone solutions of azoxystrobin can be prepared in an amount greater than 20% by weight, tebuconazole solutions in an amount greater than 50% by weight, solutions of prothioconazole in an amount greater than 35% by weight, imidacloprid solutions in an amount greater than 15% by weight, metribuzin solutions in an amount greater than 50% by weight, saflufenacil solutions in an amount greater than 20% by weight and thiacloprid solutions in an amount greater than 15% by weight, with the indicated amount of active substance each referring to the total weight of the solution.

[0012] Based on the high water solubility of the N-substituted pyrrolidones of formula (I), they can be used, for example, as a single liquid phase in compositions to protect plants or also, for example, in water-soluble concentrates (SL) combined with water.

[0013] Additionally, the N-substituted pyrrolidones of formula (I) can also be advantageously combined with various water-immiscible solvents and can serve as co-solvents in solvent-containing formulations, such as, for example, in emulsion concentrates ( EC), oil dispersions (OD), suspoemulsions (SE) and microemulsions (ME). In particular, N-(n-butyl)-2-pyrrolidone is miscible with many solvents in all relationships, for example with water, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, dimethylamide, Solvesso® 200 ND, alkylated vegetable oil or mineral oils.

[0014] With the aid of the N-substituted pyrrolidones of formula (I) compositions can be produced to protect storage-stable plants and preferably storage-stable liquid plant protection agents.

[0015] From document WO 2013/107822, the use of N-substituted pyrrolidones is known as “non-reprotoxic” solvents or solvents without a toxic effect on reproduction. In document WO 2013/107822 it is also described that solvents in agrochemical formulations can be used as solvent agents, diluents or dispersants.

[0016] In document WO 2005/104844 the use of carboxylic acid amides of the formula R1-CO-NR2N3 is described, in which R1 represents C3-C19-alkyl, R1 represents C1-C6 alkyl and R3 represents H or C1-C6 alkyl, to promote the penetration of agrochemical active substances into plants. In the case of these carboxylic acid amides, these are non-cyclic compounds.

[0017] Document EP 0,453,915 A1 publishes the use of N-alkyl lactams, which in the nitrogen N of the ring are replaced with an alkyl group with 6 to 18 carbon atoms, to prevent the crystallization, in particular, of certain active substances of azole derivative when applying aqueous spray broths. In the case of N-alkyl lactams, this may be, for example, the corresponding N-alkylpyrrolidones.

[0018] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, one or more N-substituted pyrrolidones of formula (I) are used to promote the penetration of one or more agrochemical active substances into plants.

[0019] In another particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, one or more N-substituted pyrrolidones of formula (I) are used to promote the penetration of one or more agrochemical active substances into harmful non-plant organisms.

[0020] In another particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, one or more N-substituted pyrrolidones of formula (I) are used both to promote the penetration of one or more agrochemical active substances into plants, as well as to promote the penetration of one or more agrochemical active substances into harmful non-plant organisms. This can happen, in particular, when harmful non-plant organisms are attached to the plant, which has been treated with one or more N-substituted pyrrolidones of formula (I) and one or more agrochemical active substances and thus enter likewise in contact with these substances. Promoting penetration of the plant on the one hand and the non-plant harmful organism on the other hand can occur either at the same time or consecutively, for example, depending on whether the non-plant harmful organism was already attached to the plant when it was treated with one or more N-substituted pyrrolidones of formula (I) and one or more agrochemical active substances or if it is fixed in the plant temporarily afterwards.

[0021] Preferably, one or more N-substituted pyrrolidones of formula (I) are selected from the group consisting of N-(n-butyl)-2-pyrrolidone, N-(iso-butyl)-2 -pyrrolidone, N-(tert.-butyl)-2-pyrrolidone, N-(n-pentyl)-2-pyrrolidone, N-(substituted methyl-butyl)-2-pyrrolidone, N-(substituted propylO-2-pyrrolidone on the methyl ring, N-(butyl)-2-pyrrolidone substituted on the methyl ring and N-(methoxypropyl)-2-pyrrolidone.

[0022] The N-substituted pyrrolidones of formula (I) used according to the invention, comprise compounds in which 1 to 6 hydrogens -H of the pyrrolidone ring can be replaced by methyl - CH3. In the context of the present application, these compounds are also referred to as “methyl ring-substituted N-substituted pyrrolidones” of formula (I). The methyl ring substitution may be present, in this case, at position 3, 4 or 5 of the pyrrolidone ring. Substitution on the ring with methyl may be a substitution of the ring with a methyl group. But this comprises, for example, also substitutions in the ring by dimethyl, preferably in two different positions of the pyrrolidone ring, such as, for example, in positions 3 and 4, 3 and 5 or 4 and 5 of the pyrrolidone ring. The methyl ring substitution further comprises trimethyl ring substitutions, preferably the trimethyl substitution at positions 3, 4 and 5 of the pyrrolidone ring of the methyl ring-substituted N-substituted pyrrolidones of formula (I).

[0023] For N-substituted pyrrolidones substituted on the ring by methyl of formula (I), the various N-(propyl)-2-pyrrolidones substituted on the ring by methyl and N-(butyl)-2-pyrrolidones substituted on the ring by methyl of formula (I), particularly preferred are N-(n-propyl)-, N-(iso-propyl)-, N-(n-butyl)-, N-(iso-butyl), N-(tert .-butyl)-, N-(sec-butyl)- and N-(1-methylpropyl)-2-pyrrolidones substituted on the ring by methyl of formula I and especially preferred are N-(n-butyl)-2-pyrrolidones substituted in the ring by methyl of formula (I).

[0024] Preferably, in one or more N-substituted pyrrolidones of formula (I) none of the hydrogen -H of the pyrrolidone ring is replaced by methyl -CH3.

[0025] Furthermore, preferably, in the alkyl group of the radical R of one or more of the N-substituted pyrrolidones of formula (I), no hydrogen -H is replaced by a methoxy group -OCH3.

[0026] Particularly preferably, the N-substituted pyrrolidone of formula (I) is N-(n-butyl)-2-pyrrolidone.

[0027] The N-substituted pyrrolidones of formula (I) are used according to the invention alone or in the form of mixtures.

[0028] The N-substituted pyrrolidones of formula (I) are either commercially available or can be synthesized by methods common to those skilled in the art.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, one or more N-substituted pyrrolidones of formula (I) in use according to the invention, are used in a plant protection agent containing a) 1 to 90% by weight and preferably 5 to 70% by weight, of one or more N-substituted pyrrolidones of formula (I) and b) 1 to 90% by weight, preferably 2.5 to 70% by weight, of one or more agrochemical active substances .

[0030] The compositions for protecting plants mentioned just now and used in the use according to the invention, may contain one or more additives. These preferably contain 0 to 98% by weight and particularly preferably 1 to 60% by weight of one or more additives.

[0031] In another preferred embodiment of the invention, one or more N-substituted pyrrolidones of formula (I), in use according to the invention, are used in a composition to protect plants, which contains a) 1 to 50% by weight, preferably 5 to 40% by weight and particularly preferably 5 to 30% by weight, of one or more N-substituted pyrrolidones of formula (I) and b) 1 to 90% by weight, preferably 5 to 60% by weight and particularly preferably 2.5 to 50% by weight of one or more agrochemical active substances.

[0032] The compositions for protecting plants mentioned just now and used in the use according to the invention, may contain one or more additives. These preferably contain 0 to 98% by weight and particularly preferably 1 to 50% by weight of one or more additives.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compositions for protecting plants used in use according to the invention contain water.

[0034] One or more N-substituted pyrrolidones of formula (I), when used according to the invention, can also be applied in a tank mix additive, that is, they do not represent any integrated component of the composition for protect plants. On the contrary, among others, the one or more agrochemical active substances on the one hand and the N-substituted pyrrolidones of formula (I) on the other hand are present separately from each other. Both components are mixed with each other before application, as a rule, shortly before. Before application, other components can also be added, such as, for example, optionally one or more additives and/or water. Here, in principle, a composition for protecting plants results, which contains one or more agrochemical active substances, one or more N-substituted pyrrolidones of formula (I) and optionally one or more additives and/or water, even if only slightly time.

[0035] In another preferred embodiment of the invention, one or more N-substituted pyrrolidones of formula (I), in use according to the invention, are used in a tank mix additive, which contains 1 to 90% by weight, preferably 5 to 50% by weight and particularly preferably 5 to 20% by weight, of one or more N-substituted pyrrolidones of formula (I) and additionally one or more additives and optionally water. The amount of the one or more additives in the tank mix additive is preferably 5 to 95% by weight, particularly preferably 10 to 90% by weight and, in particular, preferably 20 to 80% by weight.

[0036] The respective amount of application relative to the surface and/or purpose of the compositions to protect plants of the most different types of formulations for use according to the invention varies greatly. In general, for this purpose, application means known to the skilled person to be useful for the respective field of application, are used in common quantities, such as, for example, from fifty to several hundred liters of water per hectare in the production processes. standard spraying for a few liters of oil per hectare when applied by plane in “ultra-low volume” up to a few milliliters of a physiological solution in injection processes. The concentrations of the compositions for protecting plants in the corresponding application media therefore vary over a wide range and depend on the respective field of application. In general, concentrations are used, which are known to the skilled person to be usual for the respective field of application.

[0037] Compositions to protect plants can be applied, for example, in common preparation forms for liquid compositions or as such or after prior dilution with water, therefore, for example, as emulsions, suspensions or solutions. Application occurs, in this case, by common methods, therefore, for example, through spraying, watering or injection.

[0038] The amount of application of compositions to protect plants can vary within a wider range. This varies according to the respective agrochemical active substances and according to their content in the formulations.

[0039] In another preferred embodiment of the invention, one or more N-substituted pyrrolidones of formula (I), in the use according to the invention, are used in a composition to protect plants in the form of a broth of aqueous spray. Such aqueous spray broths preferably contain a) 0.001 to 99% by weight, particularly preferably 0.01 to 50% by weight, and in particular 0.02 to 1% by weight, of one or more N-pyrrolidones. substituted from formula (I) and b) 0.001 to 10% by weight, particularly preferably 0.002 to 5% by weight and in particular preferably 0.0025 to 3% by weight, of one or more agrochemical active substances.

[0040] The aqueous spray broths mentioned just now and used in the use according to the invention may contain one or more additives. These preferably contain 0 to 99% by weight, and particularly preferably 0.01 to 80% by weight, of one or more additives.

[0041] The quantity specifications referring to the N-substituted pyrrolidones of formula (I), the agrochemical active substances and the additives, refer to the total weight of the compositions to protect plants used in the use according to the invention and, in the case of agrochemical active substances, which in protonized form represent acids, but which are used in the form of their water-soluble salts, the amount of the free acid, the so-called acid equivalent (“acid equivalent”, a.e.).

[0042] Agrochemical active substances in the context of this specification should be understood as all active substances, the biological effectiveness of which can be increased through increased penetration into a crop or weed plant or a harmful non-plant organism.

[0043] Preferred agrochemical active substances are selected from pesticides. Pesticides, of which herbicides take the largest share, are chemical substances, synthetically produced or of natural origin, which penetrate plant cells, plant tissues or parasitic organisms or non-plant harmful organisms into or on the plant and damage and/or destroy it. Preferred pesticides are selected from the group, which consists of fungicides, bactericides, insecticides, acaricides, nematicides, herbicides, plant growth regulators, plant nutrients, repellents, mollusticides and rodenticides. Particularly preferred pesticides are selected from the group, which consists of herbicides, fungicides and insecticides.

[0044] Examples of herbicides are mentioned:

[0045] Active substances, which are based on an inhibition of, for example, acetolactate synthase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, cellulose synthase, enolpyruvylshikimat-3-phosphate synthase, glutamine synthetase, p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase, phytoendosaturase, photosystem I, photosystem II , protoporphyrinogen oxidase, as described, for example, in Weed Research 26 (1986) 441 445 or "The Pesticide Manual", 16th edition, The British Crop Protection Council and the Royal Soc. of Chemistry, 2012 and literature cited therein. As known herbicides or plant growth regulators are mentioned, for example, the following active substances (the compounds are designated either with the “common name” according to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) or with the chemical name or with the code number) and always include all forms of application, such as acids, salts, esters and isomers, such as stereoisomers and optical isomers. In this case, for example, one or partly also several forms of application are mentioned:

[0046] acetochlor, acibenzolar, acibenzolar-S-methyl, acifluorfen, acifluorfen-sodium, aclonifen, alachlor, alidochlor, alloxydim, alloxidim-sodium, ametrin, amicarbazone, amidochlor, amidosulfuron, aminocyclopyrachlor, aminocyclopyraclor potassium, aminocyclopyraclormethyl, aminopyralid, amitrol, ammonium sulfamate, ancymidol, anilofos, asulam, atrazine, aviglycine, azafenidine, azimsulfuron, aziprothrin, beflubutamide, benazolin, benazolinethyl, bencarbazone, benfluralin, benfuresate, bensulide, bensulfuron, bensulfuronmethyl, bentazone, benzfendizone, benzobicyclone, , benzofluor, benzoylprop, benzyladenine, biciclopyrone, bifenox, bilanafos, bilanafos-sodium, bispiribac, bispiribac-sodium, bromacil, bromobutide, bromophenoxim, bromoxynil, bromuron, buminafos, busoxinone, butachlor, butafenacil, butamiphos, butenaclor, butralin, butroxydim, butylate, cafenstrol, carbaryl, carbetamide, carfentrazone, carfentrazonetyl, carvone, chlorcholine chloride, clomethoxyfen, chloramben, clorazifop, chlorazifop-butyl, chlorbromuron, chlorbufam, chlorfenac, chlorfenac-sodium, chlorfenprop, chlorflurenol, chlorflurenolmethyl, chloridazone, chlorimuron, chlorimuron-ethyl, chlormequa chloride t, chlornitrophen, 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, chlorophthalim, chlorprofam, chlorthal-dimethyl, chlorotoluron, chlorsulfuron, cinidon, cinidon- ethyl, cinmethylin, cinosulfuron, clethodim, clodinafop, clodinafop- propargyl, clofencet, clomazone, clomeprop, cloprop, clopyralid, cloransulam, cloransulam -methyl, cloxifonac, cumiluron, cyanamide, cyanazine, cyclanilide, cycloate, cyclosulfamuron, cycloxidim, cycluron, cyhalofop, cyhalofop-butyl, cyperquat, cyprazine, ciprazole, cytokinin, 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, daimuron/dimron , dalapon, daminozide, dazomet, n-decanol, desmedifam, desmethrin, detosyl-pyrazolate (DTP), dialate, diaminozide, dicamba, diclobenil, dichloroprop, dichloroprop-P, diclofop, diclofop-methyl, diclofop-P-methyl, diclosulam, diethyl, diethyl ethyl, difenoxuron, difenzoquat, diflufenican, diflufenzopyr, diflufenzopyr-sodium, dikegulac-sodium, dimefuron, dimepiperate, dimethachlor, dimethethrin, dimethenamid, dimethenamid-P, dimethipine, dimetrasulfuron, dinitramine, dinoseb, dinoterb, diisopropylna, phthalene, dipropetrin, diquat, diquat dibromide, dithiopyr, diuron, DNOC, eglinazin-ethyl, endothal, EPTC, esprocarb, etalfluralin, etametsulfuron, etametsulfuron-methyl, ethylnaphthyl acetate, ethephon, ethydimuron, ethiozine, ethofumesate, ethoxyphene, ethoxyphenethyl, ethoxysulfuron, ethobenzanide, F-5331, i.e. N-[2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-[4-(3-fluoropropyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-oxo-1H-tetrazol-1-yl]- phenyl]-ethanesulfonamide, F-7967, i.e., 3-[7-chloro-5-fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-benzimidazol-4-yl]-1-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl) pyrimidin-2 ,4(1H,3H)-dione, fenoprop, fenoxaprop, fenoxaprop-P, fenoxaprop-ethyl, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, fenoxasulfone, fentrazamide, fenuron, flamprop, flamprop-M-isopropyl, flamprop-M-methyl, flazasulfuron, florasulam, fluazifop, fluazifop-P, fluazifop-butyl, fluazifop-P-butyl, fluazolate, flucarbazone, flucarbazonesodium, flucetosulfuron, fluchloralin, flufenacet (thiafluamide), flufenpyr, flufenpiretil, flumetralin, flumetsulam, flumiclorac, flumiclorac-pentyl, flumioxazine, flumipropin , fluometuron, fluordifen, fluorglycophen, fluorglycofen-ethyl, flupoxam, flupropacil, flupropanate, flupirsulfuron, flupirsulfuron-methylsodium, flurenol, flurenol-butyl, fluridone, flutiacet- methyl, fluthiamide, medosafen, foramsulfuron, forchlorfenuron, fosamine, furyloxifene, gibberellinic acid, glufosinate, glufosinate-ammonium, glufosinate-P, glufosinate-P-ammonium, glufosinate-P-sodium, glyphosate, glyphosate-isopropylammonium, H-9201, i.e., O-(2,4-dimethyl-6-nitrophenyl)-O - ethylisopropyl-phosphorus amidothioate, halosafen, halosulfuron, halosulfuron-methyl, haloxyfop, haloxyfop-P, haloxyfop-ethoxyethyl, haloxyfop-P-ethoxyethyl, haloxyfop-methyl, haloxyfop-P-methyl, hexazinone, HW-02, i.e. 1 -(dimethoxyphosphoryl)-ethyl-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetate, imazametabenz,imazametabenz-methyl, imazamox, imazamox-ammonium, imazapic, imazapyr, imazapyr-isopropylammonium, imazaquin, imazaquin-ammonium, imazethapyr, imazethapyr-ammonium, imazosulfuron, inabenfide, indanofan, indaziflam, indoleacetic acid (IAA), 4-indole-3-yl-butyric acid (IBA), iodosulfuron, iodosulfuronmethyl-sodium, iofensulfuron, iofensulfuron-sodium, ioxynil, ipfencarbazone, isocarbamide, isopropaline, isoproturon, isouron, isoxaben, isoxachlortol, isoxaflutole, isoxapirifop, KUH-043, i.e. 3-({[5-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]methyl}sulfonyl)-5 ,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazole, karbutylate, ketospiradox, lactophen, lenacil, linuron, maleic acid hydrazide, MCPA, MCPB, MCPB-methyl, -ethyl and -sodium, mecoprop, mecoprop-sodium, mecopropbutotyl, mecoprop-P-butotyl, mecoprop-P-dimethylammonium, mecoprop-P-2-ethylhexyl, mecoprop-P-potassium, mefenacet, mefluidide, mepiquat chloride, mesosulfuron, mesosulfuron-methyl, mesotrione, metabenzthiazuron, metam, metamifop, metamitron, metazaclor, metazasulfuron, methazol, methiopyrsulfuron, methiozoline, methoxyphenone, methyldimron, 1- methylcyclopropene, methylisothiocyanate, metobenzuron, metobromuron, metolachlor, s-metolachlor, metosulam, methoxuron, metribuzin, metsulfuron, methyl, molinate, monalide, monocarbamide, monocarbamide dihydrogensulfate, monolinuron, monosulfuron, monosulfuronic ester, monuron, MT-128, i.e., 6-chloro-N-[(2E)-3-chlorprop-2-en-1-yl]- 5-methyl-N-phenylpyridazin-3-amine, MT-5950, i.e., N-[3-chlor-4-(1-methylethyl)-phenyl]-2-methylpentanamide, NGGC-011, 1-naphthylacetic acid ( NAA), naphthylacetamide (NAAm), 2-naphthoxyacetic acid, naproanilide, napropamide, naphthalam, NC-310, i.e. 4-(2,4-dichlorobenzoyl)-1-methyl-5-benzyloxypyrazole, neburon, nicosulfuron, nipiraclofen, nitraline, nitrofene, nitroguaiacholate, nitrophenolate-sodium (isomeric mixture), nitrofluorfen, nonanoic acid, norflurazone, orbencarb, orthosulfamuron, oryzalin, oxadiaclay, oxadiazone, oxasulfuron, oxaziclomephone, oxyfluorfen, paclobutrazol, paraquat, paraquat dichloride, pelargonic acid (nonane acid ico ), pendimethalin, pendralin, penoxsulam, pentanoclor, pentoxazone, perfluidone, petoxamide, phenisofam, phenmedifam, phenmedifam-ethyl, picloram, picolinaphene, pinoxadene, piperofos, pyrifenop, pyrifenop-butyl, pretilachlor, primisulfuron, primisulfuron-methyl, probenazole, profluazole, procyazine, prodiamine, prifluralin, profoxydime, prohexadione, prohexadione-calcium, prohydrojasmone, prometon, promethrin, propachlor, propanyl, propaquizafop, propazine, profam, propisochlor, propoxycarbazone, propoxycarbazone-sodium, propysulfuron, propyzamide, prosulfaline, prosulfocarb, prosulfuron, chlorine, pyraclonil, pyraflufen, pyraflufenethyl, pyrasulfotol, pyrazolinate (pyrazolate), pyrazosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, pyrazoxifene, piribambenz, piribambenz-isopropyl, piribambenz-propyl, pyribenzoxime, pyributicarb, pyridafol, pyridate, pyrifthalide, pyriminobac, pyriminobac-methyl, sulfan, pyritiobac , pyritiobac-sodium, piroxasulfone, piroxsulam, quinclorac, quinmerac, quinoclamine, quizalofop, quizalofop-ethyl, quizalofop-P, quizalofop-P-ethyl, quizalofop-P-tefuryl, rimsulfuron, saflufenacil, secbumeton, sethoxydime, siduron, simazine, simethrin , SN-106279, i.e., methyl-(2R)-2-({7-[2-chlor-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-naphthyl}oxy)propanoate, sulcotrione, sulfate (CDEC), sulfentrazone, sulfometuron, sulfometuron-methyl, sulfosate (glyphosate-trimesium), sulfo-sulfuron, SW-065, SIN-523, SIP- 249, i.e. 1-ethoxy-3-methyl-1-oxobut-3-en-2- yl-5-[2-chlor-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoate, SIP-300, i.e. 1-[7-fluoro-3-oxo-4-(prop-2-yn-1- il)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl]-3-propyl-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4,5-dione, tebutam, tebuthiuron, technazene, tefuryltrione, tembotrione, tepraloxidim, terbacyl, terbucarb, terbuclor, terbumeton, terbuthylazine, terbutrin, tenylchlor, thiafluamide, thiazafluron, thiazopyr, thidiazimine, thidiazuron, thiencarbazone, thiencarbazon-methyl, thifensulfuron, thifensulfuron-methyl, thiobencarb, thiocarbazil, topramezone, tralkoxidim, triafamone, triasulfate, uron, triaziflam, triazofenamide, tribenuron, tribenuron-methyl, tribufos, trichloroacetic acid (tca), triclopyr, tridiphane, triethazine, trifloxysulfuron, trifloxysulfuron-sodium, trifluralin, triflusulfuron, triflusulfuron-methyl, trimeturon, trinexapac, trinexapacetyl, tritosulfuron, tsitodef, uniconazole, uniconazole-P, vernolate, ZJ-0862, that is, 3,4-dichloro-N-{2-[(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)oxy]benzyl}aniline, as well as the following compounds:

[0047] As examples of plant growth regulators are mentioned, in addition: absizinic acid, amidochlor, ancymidol, 6-benzylaminopurine, brassinolide, brassinosteroid, butralin, chlormequat (chlormequat chloride), choline chloride, cyclanilide, daminozide, diquegulac , dimethipine, 2,6-dimethylpyridine, ethephon, flumetralin, flurprimidol, fluthiacet, forchlorfenuron, gibberellinic acid, inabenfid, indole-3-acetic acid, jasmonic acid, kinetin, malein hydrazide, mefluidide, mepiquat (mepiquat chloride), acid 1- naphthylacetic acid, n-6-benzyladenine, paclobutrazol, prohexadione (prohexadione-calcium), prohydrojasmon, salicylic acid and its esters, thidiazuron, triapentenol, tributyl-phosphorotrithioat, 2,3,5-triiodbenzoic acid, trinexapac-ethyl and uniconazole.

[0048] Furthermore, substances are mentioned, which can act as plant growth regulators and/or plant strengthening agents, in order to reduce the influence of stress factors, such as heat, cold, drought, salt, deficiency of oxygen or flooding over plant growth. Mentioned here are, for example, glycylbetaine (betaine), choline, potassium phosphate or other phosphate salts, as well as silicates.

[0049] As examples of plant nutrients, inorganic or organic fertilizers are mentioned to supply plants with macro- and/or micronutrients.

[0050] Examples of fungicides are mentioned: (1) ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors, such as, for example, aldimorph, azaconazole, bitertanol, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, diclobutrazol, difenoconazole, diniconazole, diniconazole-m, dodemorph, dodemorph acetate, epoxiconazole, etaconazole, fenarimol, fenbuconazole, fenhexamid, fenpropidin, fenpropimorph, fluquinconazole, flurprimidol, flusilazole, flutriafol, furconazole, furconazole-cis, hexaconazole, imazalil, imazalil sulfate, imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, naftifine, nuarimol, oxpoconazole, paclobutrazol, pefurazoate, penconazole, piperaline, prochloraz, propiconazole, prothioconazole, piributicarb, pirifenox, quinconazole, simeconazole, spiroxamine, tebuconazole, terbinafine, tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, tridemorph, triflumizole, triporin, triticonazole, uniconazole, uniconazole-p, viniconazole, voriconazole, 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)cycloheptanol, methyl-1-(2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro- 1H-inden-1-yl)-1H-imidazol-5-carboxylate, N'-{5-(difluoromethyl)-2-methyl-4-[3-(trimethylsilyl)propoxy]phenyl}-N-ethyl-N- methylimidoformamide, N-ethyl-N-methyl-N'-{2-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4-[3-(trimethylsilyl)propoxy]phenyl}imidoformamide and O-[1-(4-methoxyphenoxy)-3 ,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl]-1H-imidazol-1-carbothioate. (2) Respiration inhibitors (respiratory chain inhibitors), such as, for example, bixafen, boscalid, carboxine, diflumetrim, fenfuram, fluopyram, flutolanil, fenpicoxamide, fluxapyroxad, furametpyr, furmeciclox, isopyrazam mixture of the syn-epimeric racemate 1RS ,4SR,9RS and the antiepimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9SR, isopyrazam (antiepimeric racemate), isopyrazam (antiepimeric enantiomer 1R,4S,9S), isopyrazam (antiepimeric enantiomer 1S,4R,9R), isopyrazam (sinepimeric racemate 1RS,4SR, 9RS), isopyrazam (1R,4S,9R syn-epimeric enantiomer), isopyrazam (1S,4R,9S syn-epimeric enantiomer), meprinil, oxycarboxine, penflufen, penthiopyrad, sedaxane, thifluzamide, 1-methyl-N- [2- (1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[2-(1,1,2, 2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]- 1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, 3-(difluoromethyl)-N-[4-fluoro-2-(1,1,2,3,3,3- hexafluoropropoxy)phenyl]-1- methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, N-[1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxypropan-2-yl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, 5,8-difluoro-N-[2-(2-fluoro-4-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxy}phenyl)ethyl]quinazolin-4-amine, N-[9-(dichloromethylen )-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,4-methanonaphthalen-5-yl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, N-[(1S,4R )-9-(dichloromethylen)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,4-methanonaphthalen-5-yl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide and N -[(1R,4S)-9-(dichloromethylen)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,4-methanonaphthalen-5-yl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole -4-carboxamide. (3) Respiration inhibitors (respiratory chain inhibitors) in complex III of the respiratory chain, such as, for example, ametoctradin, amisulbrom, azoxystrobin, cyazofamide, coumethoxystrobin, coumoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, enestroburin, famoxadone, fenamidone, phenoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, cresoxim -methyl, metominostrobin, orisastrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, piramethostrobin, pyraoxystrobin, piribencarb, triclopiricarb, trifloxystrobin, (2E)-2-(2-{[6-(3-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)-5-fluoropyrimidin-4- yl]oxy}phenyl)-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methylethanamide, (2E)-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methyl-2-(2-{[({(1E)-1-[3-( trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyliden}amino)oxy]methyl}phenyl)ethamide, (2E)-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methyl-2-{2-[(E)-({1-[3-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl]ethoxy}imino)methyl]phenyl}ethanamide, (2E)-2-{2-[({[(1E)-1- (3-{[(E)-1-fluoro-2-phenylethenyl]oxy} phenyl)ethyliden]-amino}oxy)methyl]phenyl}-2- (methoxyimino)-N-methylethamide, (2E)-2-{2-[({[(2E,3E)-4-(2,6- dichlorophenyl)but-3-en-2-yliden]amino}oxy)methyl]phenyl}-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methylethanolamide, 2-chloro-N-(1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3- dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl)pyridin-3-carboxamide, 5-methoxy-2-methyl-4-(2-{[({(1E)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyliden }amino)oxy]methyl}phenyl)-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one, methyl-(2E)-2-{2-[({cyclopropyl[(4 -methoxyphenyl)imino]methyl}sulfanyl)methyl]phenyl}-3-methoxyprop-2-enoate, N-(3-ethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl)-3-(formylamino)-2- hydroxybenzamide, 2-{2-[(2,5-dimethylphenoxy)methyl]phenyl}-2-methoxy-N-methylacetamide and (2R)-2-{2-[(2,5-dimethylphenoxy)methyl]phenyl}- 2-methoxy-N-methylacetamide. (4) Inhibitors of mitosis and cell division, such as, for example, benomyl, carbendazime, chlorophenazole, diethofencarb, etaboxam, fluopicolide, fuberidazole, pencycuron, thiabendazole, methyl thiophanate, thiophanate, zoxamide, 5-chloro-7-(4 -methylpiperidin-1-yl)-6-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine and 3-chloro-5-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl )-6-methyl-4-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)pyridazine. (5) Compounds with multisite activity, such as, for example, Bordeaux mixture, Captafol, Captan, Chlorothalonil, copper preparations, such as copper hydroxide, copper naphthenate, copper oxide, copper oxychloride, copper sulfate, diclofluanid, dithianone, dodine, dodine free base, ferbam, fluorfolpet, folpet, guazatine, guazatine acetate, iminoctadine, iminoctadine albesylate, iminoctadine triacetate, mancobre, mancozeb, maneb, metiram, zincmetiram, copper-oxyx, propamidine, propineb , sulfur and copper preparations such as, for example, calcium polysulfide, thyram, tolylfluanide, zineb and ziram. (6) Resistance reducers, such as, for example, acibenzolar-S-methyl, isothianyl, probenazole and thiadinyl. (7) Inhibitors of amino acid and protein biosynthesis, such as, for example, andoprim, blasticidin-S, cyprodinil, kasugamycin, kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate, mepanipyrim, pyrimethanil and 3-(5-fluoro-3 ,3,4,4-tetramethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1-yl)quinoline. (8) ATP production inhibitors, such as, for example, fentin acetate, fentin chloride, fentin hydroxide and silthiofam. (9) Cell wall synthesis inhibitors, such as, for example, bentiavalicarb, dimetomorph, flumorph, iprovalicarb, mandipropamide, polyoxin, polyoxorim, validamycin A and valifenalate. (10) Lipid and membrane synthesis inhibitors, such as, for example, biphenyl, chloroneb, dichloran, edifenfos, etridiazole, iodocarb, iprobenphos, isoprothiolane, propamocarb, propamocarb hydrochloride, prothiocarb, pyrazophos, quintazene, technazene and tolclophosmethyl . (11) Melamine biosynthesis inhibitors, such as, for example, carpropamide, diclocimet, fenoxanil, phthalide, pyroquilon, tricyclazole and 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl-{3-methyl-1-[(4-methylbenzoyl)amino] butan-2-yl}carbamate. (12) Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors, such as, for example, benalaxyl, benalaxyl-M (kiralaxyl), buprimate, clozilacon, dimetirimol, ethirimol, furalaxyl, himexazol, metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam), ofurace, oxadixyl and oxolinic acid. (13) Uncouplers, such as, for example, binapacril, dinocap, ferimzone, fluazinam and meptildinocap. (15) Other compounds, such as, for example, bethiazole, betoxazine, capsimicin, carvon, cinomethionate, pyriofenon (clazafenon), cufraneb, ciflufenamide, cymoxanil, ciprosulfamide, dazomet, debacarb, dichlorophene, diclomezine, diphenzoquat, diphenzoquat methylsulfate, diphenylamine , ecomat, fenpyrazamine, flumetover, fluoromide, flusulfamide, flutianil, fosetyl aluminum, fosetyl calcium, fosetyl sodium, hexachlorbenzene, irumamycin, metasulfocarb, methylisothiocyanate, metrafenone, mildiomycin, natamycin, nickel dimethyldithiocarbamate, nitrotal-isopropyl, octylinone, oxamocarb , oxyphenthyin, pentachlorphenol and its salts, phenothrin, phosphoric acid and its salts, propamocarb-fosetylate, propanosyn-sodium, proquinazide, pyrimorph, (2E)-3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3-(2-chlorpyridin-4 -yl)-1-(morpholin-4-yl)prop-2-en-1-one, (2Z)-3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)- 3-(2-chlorpyridin-4-yl)-1 -(morpholin-4-yl)prop-2-en-1-one, pyrrolnitrin, tebufloquine, teclophthalam, tolnifanide, triazoxide, triclamide, zarilamide, (3S,6S,7R,8R)-8-benzyl-3-[( {3-[(isobutyryloxy)methoxy]-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl}carbonyl)amino]-6-methyl-4,9-dioxo-1,5-dioxonan-7-yl 2-methylpropanoate, 1-(4 -{4-[(5R)-5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}piperidin- 1-yl)-2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]ethanone, 1-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(2,6-difluorophenyl) -4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}piperidin-1-yl)-2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)- 1H-pyrazol-1-yl]ethanone, 1-(4-{4-[5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]-1, 3-thiazol-2-yl}piperidin-1-yl)-2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]ethanone, 1-(4-methoxyphenoxy)- 3,3- dimethylbutan-2-yl-1H-imidazol-1-carboxylate, 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)pyridine, 2,3-dibutyl-6-chlorothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4 (3H)-one, 2,6-dimethyl-1H,5H-[1,4]dithiino[2,3-c:5,6-c']dipyrrole-1,3,5,7(2H,6H) -tetrone, 2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-1-(4-{4-[(5R)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro- 1,2-oxazol-3-yl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}piperidin-1-yl)ethanone, 2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl] -1-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}piperidin-1 -yl)ethanone, 2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-1-{4-[4-(5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1, 2-oxazol-3-yl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]piperidin-1-yl}ethanone, 2-butoxy-6-iodo-3-propyl-4H-chromen-4-one, 2-chloro -5-[2-chloro-1-(2,6-difluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl]pyridine, 2-phenylphenol and its salts, 3-(4,4, 5-trifluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1-yl)quinoline, 3,4,5-trichloropyridin-2,6-dicarbonitrile, 3-[5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2 ,3-dimethyl-1,2-oxazolidin-3-yl]pyridine, 3-chloro-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-6-methylpyridazine, 4-(4-chlorophenyl) -5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-3,6-dimethylpyridazine, 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-thiol, 5-chloron-n'-phenyl-n'-(prop-2- in-1-yl)thiophen-2-sulfonohydrazide, 5-fluoro-2-[(4-fluorobenzyl)oxy]pyrimidin-4-amine, 5-fluoro-2-[(4-methylbenzyl)oxy]pyrimidin-4- amine, 5-methyl-6-octyl[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-amine, ethyl-(2Z)-3-amino-2-cyan-3-phenylprop-2- enoate, N'-(4-{[3-(4-chlorobenzyl)-1,2,4-thiadiazol-5-yl]oxy}-2,5-dimethylphenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, N- (4-chlorobenzyl)-3-[3-methoxy-4-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)phenyl]propanamide, N-[(4-chlorophenyl)(cyan)methyl]-3-[3-methoxy -4-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)phenyl]propanamide, N-[(5-bromo-3-chloropyridin-2-yl)methyl]-2,4-dichloropyridin-3-carboxamide, N-[ 1-(5-bromo-3-chloropyridin-2-yl)ethyl]-2,4-dichloropyridin-3-carboxamide, N-[1-(5-bromo-3-chloropyridin-2-yl)ethyl]-2 -fluoro-4-iodopyridin-3-carboxamide, N-{(E)-[(cyclopropylmethoxy)imino][6-(difluoromethoxy)-2,3-difluorophenyl]methyl}-2-phenylacetamide, N-{(Z) -[(cyclopropylmethoxy)imino][6-(difluoromethoxy)-2,3-difluorophenyl]methyl}-2-phenylacetamide, N'-{4-[(3-tert-butyl-4-cyano-1,2-thiazole - 5-yl)oxy]-2-chloro-5-methylphenyl}-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, N-methyl-2-(1-{[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol- 1-yl]acetyl}piperidin-4-yl)-N-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)-1,3-thiazol-4-carboxamide, N-methyl-2-( 1-{[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl}-piperidin-4-yl)-N-[(1R)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen -1-yl]-1,3-thiazol-4-carboxamide, N-methyl-2-(1-{[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl}piperidin-4 -yl)-N-[(1S)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-1,3-thiazol-4-carboxamide, pentyl-{6-[({[(1- methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)(phenyl)methyliden]amino}oxy)methyl]pyridin-2-yl}carbamate, phenazin-1-carboxylic acid, quinolin-8-ol, quinolin-8-ol sulfate ( 2:1) and tert-butyl {6-[({[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)(phenyl)methylen]amino}oxy)methyl]pyridin-2-yl}carbamate. (16) Other compounds, such as, for example, 1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-N-[2'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2-yl]-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, N-(4 '-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, N-(2',4'-dichlorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-(difluoromethyl)-1 -methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2-yl]-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, N-(2' ,5'-difluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[4'-(prop-1- in-1-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]-1H- pyrazol-4-carboxamide, 5-fluoro-1,3-dimethyl-N-[4'-(prop-1-yn-1-yl)biphenyl- 2-yl]-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, 2-chloro-N-[4'-(prop-1-yn-1-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]pyridin-3-carboxamide, 3-(difluoromethyl )-N-[4'-(3,3-dimethylbut-1-yn-1-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, N-[4'-(3 ,3-dimethylbut-1-yn-1-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]-5-fluoro-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, 3-(difluoromethyl)-N-(4'- ethynylbiphenyl-2-yl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, N-(4'-ethynylbiphenyl-2-yl)-5-fluoro-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, 2-chloro-N-(4'-ethynylbiphenyl-2-yl)pyridin-3-carboxamide, 2-chloro-N-[4'-(3,3-dimethylbut-1-yn-1-yl)biphenyl-2 -yl]pyridin-3-carboxamide, 4-(difluoromethyl)-2-methyl-N-[4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2-yl]-1,3-thiazol-5-carboxamide, 5-fluoro-N -[4'-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-yn-1-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, 2-chloro-N-[ 4'-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-yn-1-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]pyridin-3-carboxamide, 3-(difluoromethyl)-N-[4'-(3-methoxy-3 -methylbut-1-yn-1-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, 5-fluoro-N-[4'-(3-methoxy-3-methylbut-1 -yn-1-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, 2-chloro-N-[4'-(3-methoxy-3-methylbut-1-yn -1-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]pyridin-3-carboxamide, (5-brom-2-methoxy-4-methylpyridin-3-yl)(2,3,4-trimethoxy-6-methylphenyl)methanon, N -[2-(4-{[3-(4-chlorophenyl)prop-2-yn-1-yl]oxy}-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-N2-(methylsulfonyl)valinamide, 4-oxo-4- acid [(2-phenylethyl)amino]butanoic acid and but-3-yn-1-yl {6-[({[(Z)-(1-methyl- 1H-tetrazol-5-yl)(phenyl)methylen]amino} oxy)methyl]pyridin-2-yl}carbamate.

[0051] All pesticides (1) to (16) mentioned may, if they are capable, based on their functional groups, optionally form salts with suitable bases or acids.

[0052] Examples of bactericides include: bronopol, dichlorophene, nitrapyrin, nickel dimethyldithiocarbamate, kasugamicin, octylinone, furanecarboxylic acid, oxytetracycline, probenazole, streptomycin, tecloftalam, copper sulfate and other copper preparations.

[0053] As examples of insecticides, acaricides and nematicides are mentioned: (1) acetylcholinesterase (AchE) inhibitors, such as, for example, carbamates, for example, alanicarb, aldicarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim, carbaryl, carbofuran , carbosulfan, ethiofencarb, fenobucarb, formetanate, furatiocarb, isoprocarb, methiocarb, methomyl, metolcarb, oxamyl, pirimicarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, thiophanox, triazamate, trimetacarb, xmc and xylylcarb; or organophosphates, for example, acephate, azamethiphos, azinfosetyl, azinphosmethyl, cadusaphos, chlorethoxyphos, chlorfenvinphos, chlormephos, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, coumaphos, cyanophos, demeton-S-methyl, diazinone, dichlorvos/DDVP, dicrotophos, dimethoate, dimethylvinfos, disulfoton, EPN, ethion, etoprofos, famfur, fenamiphos, fenitrothion, fenthion, fosthiazate, heptenophos, imiciaphos, isofenfos, isopropyl salicylate O- (methoxyaminothio-phosphoryl), isoxation, malathion, mecarbam, methamidophos, methidation, mevinfos , monocrotophos, naled, omethoate, oxidemeton-methyl, parathion, parathion-methyl, phentoate, phorate, fosalone, phosmet, phosfamidon, phoxim, pirimiphos-methyl, profenofos, propetamphos, prothiophos, pyraclophos, pyridafenthion, quinalophos, sulfotep, tebupirimphos, temephos , terbufos, tetrachlorvinphos, thiometon, triazophos, trichlorfon and vamidothione. (2) GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists, such as, for example, cyclodienoganochlorins, e.g., chlordane and endosulfan; or phenylpyrazoles (fiprole), e.g. etiprol and fipronil. (3) Sodium channel modulators/voltage-gated sodium channel blockers, such as, for example, pyrethroids, e.g., acrinathrin, alethrin, d-cis-trans alethrin, d-trans alethrin, bifenthrin, bioalethrin, isomer of bioaletrin S-cyclopentenil, bioresmethrin, cycloprotrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyfenothrin [isomers of (1R)-trans], deltamethrin, empentrin] isomers of (EZ)- (1R), esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, flucitrinate, flumethrin, tau-fluvalinate, halfenprox, imiprotrin, kadethrin, permethrin, phenothrin [isomer of ( 1R)-trans], pralethrin, pyrethrin (piretrum), resmethrin, silaflufen, tefluthrin, tetramethrin, tetramethyl [isomers of (1R)], tralomethrin and transfluthrin; or DDT; or methoxychlor. (4) Nicotinergic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists, such as, for example, neonicotinoids, for example, acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam; or nicotine. (5) Allosteric activators of the nicotinergic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), such as, for example, spinosyns, e.g., spinetoram and spinosad. (6) Chloride channel activators, such as, for example, avermectin/milbemycin, for example, abamectin, emamectin benzoate, lepimectin and milbemectin. (7) Juvenile hormone imitators, such as, for example, juvenile hormone analogues, e.g., hydroprene, quinoprene and methoprene; or fenoxycarb; or pyriproxyfen. (8) Active substances with unknown or non-specific mechanisms of action, such as, for example, alkyl halides, for example, methyl bromide and other alkyl halides; or chloropicrin; or sulfuryl fluoride; or borax; or tartar emetic. (9) Selective gobbler inhibitors, e.g., pymetrozine; or flonicamide. (10) Mite growth inhibitors, for example, clofentezine, hexylthiazox and diflovidazine; or ethoxazoles. (11) Insect intestinal membrane microbial disruptors, for example, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis, Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies tenebrionis and BT plant proteins: Cri1Ab, Cri1Ac, Cri1Fa, Cri2Ab, mCri3A, Cri3Ab, Cri3Bb, Cri34/35Ab1. (12) Oxidative phosphorylation inhibitors, ATP disruptors, such as, for example, diafenthiuron; or organotin compounds, for example, azocyclotin, cyhexatin and fenbutatin oxide; or propargite; or tetradiphon. (13) Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation through interruption of the H proton gradient, such as, for example, chlorfenapyr, DNOC and sulfluramide. (14) Nicotinergic acetylcholine receptor antagonists, such as, for example, bensultap, Cartap hydrochloride, thiocyclam and tiosultap-sodium. (15) Chitin biosynthesis inhibitors, type 0, such as, for example, bistrifluron, chlorofluazuron, diflubenzuron, flucicloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron, teflubenzuron and triflumuron. (16) Type 1 chitin biosynthesis inhibitors, such as, for example, buprofezin. (17) Desquamation-disrupting active substances, dipteran, such as, for example, cyromazine. (18) Ecdyson receptor agonists, such as, for example, chromafenozide, halofenozide, methoxyfenozide and tebufenozide. (19) Octopaminergic agonists, such as, for example, amitraz. (20) Complex III electron transport inhibitors, such as, for example, hydramethylnone; or acequinocil; or fluacripirim. (21) Complex I electron transport inhibitors, for example, METI acaricides, for example, fenazaquin, fenpyroximate, pyrimidifen, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad and tolfenpyrad; or rotenone (Derris). (22) Voltage-gated sodium channel blockers, e.g., indoxacarb; or metaflumizone. (23) Acetyl-CoA-carboxylase inhibitors, such as, for example, tetronic and tetramic acid derivatives, for example, spirodiclofen, spiromesiphene and spirotetramate. (24) Complex IV electron transport inhibitors, such as, for example, phosphines, for example, aluminum phosphide, calcium phosphide, phosphine and zinc phosphide; or cyanide. (25) Complex II electron transport inhibitors, such as, for example, cyenopirafen. (26) Ryanodine receptor effectors, such as, for example, diamides, for example, chlorantraniliprole and flubendiamide.

[0054] Other active substances with unknown mechanism of action, such as, for example, amidoflumet, azadirachtin, benclothiazole, benzoximate, bifenazate, bromopropylate, quinomethionate, cryolite, cyanotraniliprole (cyazipyr), ciflumetofen, dicofol, diflovidazine, fluensulfone, flufenerim, flufiprol , fluopyram, fufenozide, imidaclotiz, iprodione, pyridalial, pyrifluquinazone and iodometan; in addition, compositions based on Bacillus firmus (I-1582, BioNeem, Votivo), as well as the following known effective compounds:

[0055] 3-bromo-n-{2-bromo-4-chloro-6-[(1-cyclopropylethyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}-1-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-1h-pyrazol-5-carboxamide , 4-{[(6-brompyrid-3-yl)methyl](2-fluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5h)-one, 4-{[(6-fluoropyrid-3-yl)methyl](2, 2-difluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one, 4-{[(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl](2-fluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)- one, 4-{[(6-chloropyrid-3-yl)methyl](2-fluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one, 4-{[(6-chloropyrid-3-yl)methyl](2 ,2-difluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one, 4-{[(6-chloro-5-fluoropyrid-3-yl)methyl](methyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one, 4 -{[(5,6-dichloropyrid-3-yl)methyl](2-fluorethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one, 4-{[(6-chloro-5-fluoropyrid-3-yl)methyl ](cyclopropyl)-amino}furan-2(5H)-one, 4-{[(6-chloropyrid-3-yl)methyl](cyclopropyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one, 4-{[( 6-chloropyrid-3-yl)methyl](methyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one, {[1-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)ethyl](methyl)oxide-À4-sulfaniliden}cyanamide and its diastereomers {[(1R)- 1-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)ethyl](methyl)oxide-À4-sulfaniliden}cyanamide (A) and {[(1S)- 1 -(6-Chloropyridin-3- yl)ethyl](methyl)oxide-À4-sulfaniliden}cyanamide (B), as well as sulfoxaflor and its diastereomers [(R)-methyl(oxide){(1R)-1-[6- (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3- yl]ethyl}-À4-sulfaniliden]cyanamide (A1) and [(S)- methyl(oxide){(1S)-1-[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]ethyl}-À4-sulfaniliden]cyanamide (A2), referred to as diastereomer group A, [(R)-methyl(oxide){(1S)-1-[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]ethyl}- À4-sulfaniliden]cyanamide (B1) and [(S)-methyl(oxide){(1R)-1-[6- (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]ethyl}-À4-sulfaniliden]cyanamide (B2), designated as diastereomer group B and 11- (4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-12-hydroxy-1,4-dioxa-9-azadispiro[4.2.4.2]tetradec-11-en-10-one, 3-(4'-fluoro- 2, 4-dimethylbiphenyl-3-yl)-4-hydroxy-8-oxa-1-azaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2-one, 1-{2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-[(2, 2,2-trifluoroethyl)sulfinyl]phenyl}-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-amine, [(3S,4aR,12R,12aS,12bS)-3-[(cyclopropylcarbonyl) oxy]- 6,12-dihydroxy-4,12b-dimethyl-11-oxo-9-(pyridin-3-yl)- 1,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,12,12a,12b -decahydro-2H,11H-benzo[f]pyrano[4,3- b]chromen-4-yl]methylcyclopropancarboxylate, 2-cyan-3-(difluoromethoxy)-N,N-dimethylbenzenesulfonamide, 2-cyan-3 -(difluoromethoxy)-N-methylbenzenesulfonamide, 2-cyan-3-(difluoromethoxy)-N-ethylbenzenesulfonamide, 1,1-dioxide, 4-(difluoromethoxy)-N-ethyl-N-methyl-1,2-benzothiazol-3- amine, N-[1-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-2-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)ethyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-2-amine, {1'-[ (2E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]-5-fluorospiro[indol-3,4'-piperidin]-1(2H)-yl}(2-chloropyridin-4- il)methanone, 3-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)-4-hydroxy-8-methoxy-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2-one, 3-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)- 8-methoxy-2-oxo-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-4-yl-ethylcarbonate, 4-(but-2-yn-1-yloxy)-6-(3,5-dimethylpiperidin -1-yl)-5-fluoropyrimidine, (2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-cctafluoropentyl)(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)malononitrile, (2,2,3,3,4 ,4,5,5-octafluoropentyl)(3,3,4,4,4-pentafluorobutyl)malononitrile, 8-[2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-3-[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridazin -3-yl]- 3-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane, 2-ethyl-7-methoxy-3-methyl-6-[(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-2,3-dihydro- 1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)oxy]quinolin-4-yl-methylcarbonate, 2-ethyl-7-methoxy-3-methyl-6-[(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-2,3- dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)oxy]quinolin-4-ylacetate, PF1364 (CAS-Reg.Nr. 1204776-60-2), 5-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]-2-(1H- 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)benzonitrile, 5-[5-(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3 -yl]-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)benzonitrile, 4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydro- 1,2-oxazol-3-yl]-2-methyl-N-{2-oxo- 2-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)amino]ethyl}benzamide,yl)methyl](cyclopropyl)amino}- 1,3-oxazol-2(5H)-one, yl)methyl]-(2,2-difluoroethyl)amino}-1,3-oxazol-2(5H)-one, yl)methyl](ethyl)amino} -1,3-oxazol-2(5H)-one, yl)methyl](methyl)amino}-1,3-oxazol-2(5H)-one, NNI-0711, 1-acetyl-N-[4- (1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-methoxypropan-2-yl)-3-isobutylphenyl]-N-isobutyryl-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamide, methyl-2 -[2-({[3-brom-1-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]carbonyl}amino)-5-chloro-3-methylbenzoyl]-2-methylhydrazinecarboxylate , methyl-2-[2-({[3-bromo-1-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]carbonyl}amino)-5-cyan-3-methylbenzoyl]-2 -ethyl-hydrazinecarboxylate, methyl-2-[2-({[3-brom-1-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol- 5-yl]carbonyl}amino)-5-cyan-3- methylbenzoyl]-2-methyl[hydrazinocarboxylate, methyl-2-[3,5-dibrom-2-({[3-brom-1-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]carbonyl }amino)benzoyl]-1,2-diethylhydrazinecarboxylate, methyl-2-[3,5-dibrom-2-({[3-brom-1-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol- 5-yl]carbonyl}amino)benzoyl]-2-ethylhydrazinecarboxylate, (5RS,7RS;5RS,7SR)-1-(6-chloro-3-pyridylmethyl)-1,2,3,5,6,7 -hexahydro-7-methyl-8-nitro-5-propoxy-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin, 2-{6-[2-(5-fluoropyridin-3-yl)-1,3-thiazole -5-yl]pyridin-2-yl}pyrimidine, 2-{6-[2-(pyridin-3-yl)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl]pyridin-2-yl}pyrimidine, 1-( 3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-N-[4-cyan-2-methyl-6-(methylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-3-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-tetrazol-1-yl]methyl}-1H -pyrazol- 5-carboxamide, 1-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-N-[4-cyan-2-methyl-6-(methylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-3-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2H- tetrazol-2-yl]methyl}-1H-pyrazol-5-carboxamide, N-[2-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-4-cyan-6-methylphenyl]-1-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-3 -{[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-tetrazol-1-yl]methyl}-1H-pyrazol-5-carboxamide, N-[2-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)-4-cyan-6-methylphenyl]-1- (3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-3-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2H-tetrazol-2-yl]methyl}-1H-pyrazol-5-carboxamide and (1E)-N-[(6-chloropyridin -3-yl)methyl]-N'-cyan-N-(2,2-difluoroethyl)ethanimidamide.

[0056] The active substances mentioned here with their “common name” are known and described, for example, in the pesticide manual (“The Pesticide Manual“ 16th Ed., British Crop Protection Council 2012) or can be searched for on the internet (e.g. example, http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides).

[0057] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, namely, in particular, when one or more N-substituted pyrrolidones of formula (I) are used to promote the penetration of one or more agrochemical active substances into plants, the one or more agrochemical active substances, in the use according to the invention, are selected from systemic agrochemical active substances, i.e. agrochemical active substances, which are absorbed by the plant through the leaves or through the roots and are routed in the sap , to the plant's transport system.

[0058] Among these, preferably one or more agrochemical active substances, in particular, in the use according to the invention, to promote penetration into plants, are selected from the agrochemical active substances with a log P value < 4 .5 (determined according to EEC-Directive 79/831 Annex V, A8 via HPLC, gradient method, acetonitrile/0.1% aqueous phosphoric acid). Particularly preferably, the one or more agrochemical active substances, in the use according to the invention, to promote penetration into plants, are selected from the agrochemical active substances with a log P value < 4.5 and > -2 .0, in particular, preferably with a log P value < 4.5 and > 0.1, extraordinarily preferably, with a log P value < 4.5 and > 0.5, and most particularly preferably, with a log P value < 3.0 and > 0.5.

[0059] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the one or more agrochemical active substances, in the use according to the invention and, in particular, in the use according to the invention to promote penetration into plants, are selected from of the group, consisting of strobilurin fungicides, preferably azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, picoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, oryzastrobin, picoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, azole fungicides, preferably prothioconazole, tebuconazole, cyproconazole, difeconazole, metconazole, propiconazole, tetraconazole, tricyclazole and other active substances , preferably fluxapyroxad, boscalid, bitertanol, prochloraz, thiophanate, chlorothalonil, dimethomorph, fenpropimorph, spiroxamine, trifluralin, metribuzin, saflufenacil, fenoxaprop-ethyl, acetolachlor, s-metolachlor, pendimethalin, pinoxaden, fluroxypyr, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, acetamiprid, emamectin benzoate, lamda-cyhalothrin, pymetrozine, cloantraniliprole, gibberellinic acid, benzylaminopyrine, trinexapacethyl, ethephon, thidiazuron.

[0060] Among the agrochemical active substances mentioned just now, in turn, in preference to one or more agrochemical active substances, in the use according to the invention and, in particular, in the use according to the invention to promote penetration into plants, are selected from the group, which consists of strobilurin fungicides, preferably azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, fluoxastrobin, picoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, azole fungicides, preferably prothioconazole, tebuconazole, cyproconazole, propiconazole and other active substances, preferably fluxapyroxad, bitertanol, prochloraz, chlorothalonil, fenpropimorph, trifluralin, metribuzin, saflufenacil, fenoxapropethyl, acetolachlor, S-metolachlor, pendimethalin, pinoxaden, fluroxypyr, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, acetamiprid, gibberellinic acid, benzylaminopyrine.

[0061] Among these, in turn, preferably one or more agrochemical active substances, in the use according to the invention and, in particular, in the use according to the invention to promote penetration into plants, the from the group consisting of azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, fluoxastrobin, trifloxystrobin, prothioconazole, tebuconazole, fluxapyroxad, bitertanol, prochloraz, chlorothalonil, fenpropimorph, trifluralin, metribuzin, saflufenacyl, pendimethalin, fenoxapropethyl, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, acetamiprid , gibberellinic acid, benzylaminopyrine.

[0062] In another particularly preferred embodiment, one or more agrochemical active substances, in the use according to the invention and, in particular, in the use according to the invention to promote the penetration of harmful non-plant organisms, are selected from the group, which consists of insects from the pyrethroid family, preferably cypermethrin, deltamethrin, permethrin, cyfluthrin, bifenthrin, lambda cyhalothrin, gamma cyhalothrin; organophosphate insecticides, preferably chlorpyrifos; benzoylurea insecticides, preferably diflubenzuron, lufenuron; other insecticides, preferably abamectin, emamectin benzoate, flubendiamide, fipronil, rinaxipyr, spiromesifen, spirodiclofen, fipronil, indoxacarb; and/or amide fungicides, preferably prochloraz; other fungicides, preferably trifloxystrobin, mancozeb, chlorothalonil; herbicides, preferably acetochlor, propanyl, glufosinate.

[0063] Among the agrochemical active substances mentioned just now, in turn, preferably, one or more agrochemical active substances, in the use according to the invention and, in particular, in the use according to the invention to promote penetration in harmful non-plant organisms, they are selected from the group, which consists of insecticides from the pyrethroid family, preferably cypermethrin, deltamethrin, cyfluthrin, bifenthrin, lambda cyhalothrin, gamma cyhalothrin; organophosphate insecticides, preferably chlorpyrifos; benzoylurea insecticides, preferably diflubenzuron, lufenuron; other insecticides, preferably abamectin, emamectin benzoate, flubendiamide, fipronil, rinaxipyr, spiromesifen, spirodiclofen, fipronil; amide fungicides, preferably prochloraz; other fungicides, preferably acetochlor, propanyl, glufosinate.

[0064] Other particularly preferred agrochemical active substances, when used according to the invention, include fenpicoxamide, bixafen, isopyrazam, fluopyram, penthiopyrad and abamectin.

[0065] Compositions to protect plants used in use according to the invention may contain one or more additives.

[0066] Preferred additives are surfactants, non-polar and polar solvents, co-solvents, adhesives, humectants, dispersing agents, emulsifiers, other penetrating agents, preservatives, derivation retardants, filler materials, carrier materials, dyes, evaporation inhibitors , agents that influence the pH value (buffers, acids and bases), agents that influence viscosity (e.g. thickeners), functional polymers, adjuvants and/or defoamers.

[0067] In a preferred embodiment, the compositions for protecting plants used in use according to the invention contain one or more of the additives mentioned above.

[0068] A preferred group of additives are surfactants. In this case, these are anionative, non-ionogenic, cationative and/or hybrid surfactants. Examples of such surfactants are listed below (with, in each case, EO representing ethylene oxide units, PO representing propylene oxide units, and BO representing butylene oxide units of the production part or alkyleneoxy units in the surface-active molecules ):

[0069] Anionative surfactants can be used, such as, for example: 1) anionic derivatives of fatty alcohols with 10 - 24 carbon atoms with 0 - 60 EO and/or 0 - 20 PO and/or 0 - 15 BO in any order, in the form of ether carboxylates, sulfonates, sulfates and phosphates and their organic salts (e.g., amine- or alkanolamine-based), such as Genapol® LRO, Sandopan® brands, Hostaphat/Hordaphos® brands from Clariant; 2) anionic derivatives of copolymers, which consist of EO, PO and/or BO units with a molecular weight of 400 to 108 in the form of ether carboxylates, sulfonates, sulfates and phosphates and their inorganic salts (e.g. alkali metal and alkaline earth metal) and organic salts (for example, based on amine or alkanolamine); 3) anionic derivatives of addition products of C1-C9 alkylene oxide alcohols in the form of ether carboxylates, sulfonates, sulfates and phosphates and their inorganic salts (e.g. alkali metal and alkaline earth metal) and organic salts (e.g. amine- or alkanolamine-based), anionic derivatives of fatty acid alkoxylates in the form of ether carboxylates, sulfonates, sulfates and phosphates and their inorganic salts (e.g. alkali metal and alkaline earth metal) and organic salts (e.g. amine or alkanolamine); 4) salts of alkylated aromatic sulfonic acids, such as, for example, the brands Phenylsulfonat® or Calsogen®. Cationative or hybrid surfactants may be used, such as, for example: 1) alkylene oxide addition products of fatty amines, quaternary ammonium compounds having 8 to 22 carbon atoms (C8-C22), such as, for example , brands Genamin® C, L, O, T; 2) hybrid surfactant compounds, such as taurides, betaines and sulfobetaines in the form of Tegotain® brands, Hostapon® brands and Arkopon® brands.

[0070] Non-ionogenic surfactants can also be used, such as, for example: 1) fatty alcohols with closed terminal groups and with non-closed terminal groups with 8 - 24 carbon atoms, with 0 - 60 EO and/or 0 - 20 gp and/or 0 - 15 gp in any order. Examples of such compounds are the brands Genapol® C, L, O, T, UD, X, XM, the brands Plurafac® and Lutensol® A, AT, ON, TO, the brands Marlipal® 24 and 013, brands Dehypon®, Ethylan® brands such as Ethylan CD 120; 2) fatty acid and triglyceride alkoxylates, such as Serdox® NOG brands or Emulsogen® brands; 3) fatty acid amide alkoxylates, such as Comperlan® brands; 4) alkylene oxide addition products of alkynediols, such as Sulfynol® brands; sugar derivatives such as amino- and starch-sugar; 5) glucitol; 6) silicone or silane-based surfactant compounds, such as the Tegopren® brands and the SE® brands, as well as the Bevaloid®, Rhodorsil® and Silcolapse® brands; 7) surfactant sulfonamides; 8) surfactant derivatives of polyacryl and polymethacryl, such as Sokalan® mardas; 9) surfactant polyamides, such as modified gelatins or derivatized polyasparaginic acid and its derivatives; 10) tensidic polyvinyl compounds such as modified PVP such as Luviskol® brands and Agrimer® brands or derivatized polyvinyl acetates such as Mowilith® brands or polyvinyl butyrate brands such as Lutonal® brands , the brands Vinnapas® and Pioloform® or modified polyvinyl alcohols, such as the brands Mowiol®; 11) surfactant polymers based on maleic acid anhydride and/or maleic acid anhydride reaction products, as well as maleic acid anhydride and/or reaction products of copolymers containing maleic acid anhydride, such as Agrimer®- brands VEMA; 12) surface-active derivatives of montane, polyethylene and polypropylene waxes, such as the brands Hoechst®-Wachse or the brands Licowet® and Licowax®; 13) polyol-based alkylene oxide addition products such as Polyglykol® brands; 14) surfactant polyglycerides and their derivatives; 15) alkylpolysaccharides and mixtures thereof, such as, for example, from the Atplus® series, preferably Atplus® 435; 16) alkyl polyglycosides in the form of the brands Agnique® PG, for example, Agnique®-PG 8107 (C8-C10-fatty alcohol glycoside); 17) sorbitan ester in the form of Span® or Tween® brands; 18) cyclodextrin ester or ether; 19) cellulose and algin derivatives, pectin and guar surfactants, such as Tylose® brands, Manutex® brands and guar derivatives; 20) C8-C10-fatty alcohol-based alkylpolyglucoside-alkylpolysaccharide mixtures, such as Glucopon® 225 DK and Glucopon® 215 CSUP; 21) alkoxylated polyarylphenol compounds, such as tristyryl-substituted phenols, for example in the form of Emulsogen® TS brands; 22) alkylated copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene, such as, for example, Emulsogen® 3510; 23) di- and tri-block copolymers of alkylene oxides, which are configured based on ethylene oxide and propylene, with average molecular masses between 200 and 10000, preferably 1000 to 4000 g/mol, with the mass fraction of the polyethoxylated block varies between 10 and 80%, such as, for example, from the Sinperonic® PE-Reihe series (Uniqema), Pluronic® PE series (BASF), VOP® 32 series or Genapol® PF (Clariant), particularly are preferred , for example, products such as Genapol® 10500.

[0071] Preferred non-ionogenic surfactants are also alkylglucamides and preferably N-methylglucamides of fatty acids with 12 to 22 carbon atoms.

[0072] Non-polar organic solvents and/or non-polar inorganic solvents or mixtures thereof can be used as non-polar solvents.

[0073] Examples of non-polar solvents in the sense of the invention are - aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons, such as, for example, mineral oils or toluene, xylenes and naphthalene derivatives, - halogenated aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons, such as methylene chloride or chlorobenene, - oils, for example, plant-based, such as corn germ oil and rapeseed oil or oil derivatives, such as rapeseed oil methyl ester.

[0074] In the case of co-solvents, it may be a single solvent or a mixture of two or more solvents. For this purpose, all clear solvents are suitable, which are compatible with the aqueous pesticide composition and which form a homogeneous phase. Suitable cosolvents are, for example, monovalent alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanols, butanols, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, benzyl alcohol or other polyvalent alcohols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol or glycerin or polyglycols such as polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols or mixed polyalkylene glycols (PAGs). ). Other suitable solvents are ethers, such as, for example, diethylene glycol diethyl ether (ethyldiglymes), tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (tetraglymes), propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol dimethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether or dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether, amides, such as, for example, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone or N-ethylpyrrolidone, lactic acid dimethylamide, caprylic acid dimethylamide, pelargonic acid dimethylamide or decanoic acid dimethylamide, dimethyllactamide, carbonates such as, for example, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, carbonate butylene or glycerin carbonate or other co-solvents such as methyl caprylatecaprate, methyl-5-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-5-oxopentanoates (e.g. Rhodiasolv Polarclean), 1,3-dioxolane, Y-butyrolactone, cyclo- hexanone.

[0075] In a preferred embodiment, the composition to protect plants used in the use according to the invention does not contain any co-solvent.

[0076] Compositions to protect plants used in use according to the invention may contain additives, optionally preservatives. In the case of preservatives, it may be a single preservative or a mixture of two or more preservatives. As preservatives, organic acids and their esters can be used, for example, ascorbic acid, ascorbine palmitate, sorbate, benzoic acid, methyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, propyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, propionates, phenol, 2-phenylphenate, 1,2 -benzisothiazolin- 3-one, formaldehyde, sulfurous acid and its salts. Examples include Mergal® K9N (Riedel) or Cobate® C.

[0077] The compositions to protect plants used in the use according to the invention may optionally contain derivation retardants as additives. In the case of bypass retarders, it may be a single bypass retarder or a mixture of two or more bypass retarders. Water-soluble polymers can be used as shunt retardants, for example, polyglycerol ester, polyacrylamides, acrylamide/acrylic acid polymers, sodium polyacrylate, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, methylcellulose, polysaccharides, natural and synthetic guar gum. Additionally, certain emulsions or self-emulsifying systems can also be used as shunt retarders. As examples, Synergen® OS from Clariant or InterLock® (Winfield) are mentioned here.

[0078] In the case of functional polymers, which may be contained as an additive in the composition to protect plants used in use according to the invention, these are highly molecular compounds of synthetic or natural origin with a molecular mass greater than 10,000. Functional polymers can act, for example, as an anti-drift agent or increase resistance to rain.

[0079] In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the compositions to protect plants used in the use according to the invention, contain as an additive one or more adjuvants, such as can be used, as is known, in aqueous compositions of substances active.

[0080] Preferably, these are fatty amine ethoxylates, etheramine ethoxylates, alkylbetaines or amidoalkylbetaines, amine oxides or amidoalkylamine oxides, alkyl polyglycosides or glycerin copolymers, coconut fatty acid and phthalic acid.

[0081] These adjuvants are known in the literature as adjuvants in aqueous pesticide compositions and described, for example, in document WO 2009/029561.

[0082] The compositions to protect plants used in the use according to the invention may contain optionally defoaming additives. In the case of defoamers, it may be a single defoamer or a mixture of two or more defoamers. Fatty acid alkyl ester alkoxylates, organopolysiloxanes such as polydimethylsiloxanes and mixtures thereof with microfine silicic acid, optionally silanized, perfluoroalkyl phosphonates, perfluoroalkyl phosphinates, paraffins, waxes and microcrystalline waxes and mixtures thereof with silanized silicic acid are suitable as defoamers. . Mixtures of various foam inhibitors, for example, those of silicone oil, paraffin oil and/or waxes, are also advantageous.

[0083] As already mentioned, one or more N-substituted pyrrolidones of formula (I) can be used in a composition to protect plants, in the use according to the invention.

[0084] This can be carried out, for example, in the form of compositions to protect liquid or solid concentrates plants (for example, in "ready-to-use", "in-can" or "built-in" formulations), being that concentrate formulations are generally diluted before use, in particular, with water, and are then applied to fields as spray broths through spray application.

[0085] Water-soluble concentrates (Soluble Liquids, abbreviated as SL) are, in this case, a form of compositions to protect plants. These are of great importance, in particular, in herbicides, as these are often used as water-soluble salts, which, through neutralization of the acid form of herbicides with suitable bases, are converted into their alkali metal salts or ammonium salts. Under certain circumstances, a second non-water-soluble agrochemical active substance is also contained in the composition to protect plants. Therefore, it is a suspension concentrate (SC), even if an agrochemical active substance is dissolved in the aqueous phase.

[0086] The types of formulations considered include all formulations that are applied to plants or their proliferation material. The processes used for their production are generally common to the expert and described, for example, in Winnacker-Küchler, "Chemische Technologie" volume 7, C. Hanser Verlag München, 4. Aufl., 1986; J. W. van Valkenburg, "Pesticide Formulations", Marcel Dekker N. I., 1973, K. Martens, "Spray Drying Handbook", 3rd Ed. 1979, G. Goodwin Ltd., London, or Mollet, Grubenmann, "Formulierungstechnik", Wiley-VCH -Verlag, Weinheim, 2000.

[0087] Examples of types of formulations are cited in the "Manual on development and use of FAO and WHO specifications for pesticides" (FAO and WHO, 2002, appendix E) (in each case use of the GCPF formulation code with abbreviation and denomination in English): AB Grain bait; AE Aerosol dispenser; AL Any other liquid; AP Any other powder; CF Capsule Suspension for Seed Treatment; CG Encapsulated granule; CL Contact liquid or gel; CP Contact powder; CS Capsule suspension; DC Dispersible concentrate; DP Dustable powder; DS Powder for dry seed treatment; DT Tablet for direct application; EC Emulsifiable concentrate; ED Electrochargeable liquid; EG Emulsifiable Granule; EO Emulsion, water in oil; EP emulsifiable powder, ES Emulsion for seed treatment; EW Emulsion, oil in water; FG Fine granule; FS Flowable concentrate for seed treatment; GF Gel for Seed Treatment; GC Macrogranule; GL Emulsifiable gel; GP Flo-dust; GR Granule; GS Grease; GW Water soluble gel; HN Hot fogging concentrate; KK Combi-pack solid/liquid; KL Combi-pack liquid/liquid; KN Cold fog concentrate; KP Combi-pack solid/solid; LA Lacquer; LS Solution for seed treatment; ME Microemulsion; MG Microgranule; OD oil dispersion; OF Oil miscible flowable concentrate/oil miscible suspension; OL Oil miscible liquid; OP Oil dispersible powder; PA Paste; PC Gel or paste concentrate; PO Pour-on; PR Plant rodlet; PS Seed coated with a pesticide; PT Pellets; RB Bait (ready for use); SA Spot-on; SC suspension concentrate, SD suspension concentrate for direct application, SE Suspo-emulsion; SG Water soluble granule; SL Soluble concentrate; SO Spreading oil; SP Water soluble powder; SS Water soluble powder for seed treatment; ST Water soluble tablet; SU Ultra-low volume (ULV) suspension; TB Tablet; TC Technical material; TK Technical concentrate; UL Ultra-low volume (ULV) liquid; VP Vapor releasing product; WG Water dispersible granules; WP Wettable powder; WS Water dispersible powder for slurry seed treatment; WT Water dispersible tablet; XX Others.

[0088] Liquid formulation types are preferred. These include the types of DC formulations (formulation code GCPF for dispersible concentrate); EC (GCPF formulation code for emulsion concentrate); EW (GCPF formulation code for oil-in-water emulsion); ES (GCPF formulation code for emulsion caustic); FS (GCPF formulation code for multi-phase concentrate for seed treatment); EO (GCPF formulation code for water-in-oil emulsion); ME (GCPF formulation code for microemulsion); OD (GCPF formulation code for oil dispersion); SE (GCPF formulation code for suspoemulsion); SL (GCPF formulation code for water-soluble concentrate); CS (formulation code GCPF for capsule suspension) and AL (formulation code GCPF for ready-to-use liquid formulation, other liquids for undiluted application).

[0089] In particular, emulsion concentrates (formulation type EC), water-soluble concentrates (formulation type SL), oil dispersions (formulation type OD), suspoemulsions (formulation type SE), microemulsions (formulation type ME) and oil-in-water emulsions (formulation type EW).

[0090] As already mentioned, the use according to the invention of one or more N-substituted pyrrolidones of formula (I), however, can also be carried out in the so-called tank mixing process.

[0091] In the case of use according to the invention of one or more N-substituted pyrrolidones of formula (I) to promote the penetration of agrochemical active substances into plants or non-plant harmful organisms, the one or more active substances agrochemicals are used at the same time, preferably for controlling and/or combating unwanted plant growth, fungal diseases or insect infestation on plants and, particularly preferably, for controlling and/or combating unwanted growth of plants.

[0092] In the case of plants treated according to the invention, they may be cultural plants, that is, useful or ornamental plants or weeds. Weeds include, in this case, for example, all species of weeds. Among crop plants, economically significant crops of useful plants are preferred, for example, fruits such as apples or pears, cereals such as wheat, barley, rye, oats, millet, rice, cassava and maize or also crops of peanuts, beets, cotton, soybeans, colca, potatoes, tomatoes, peas and other varieties of vegetables and ornamental plant crops such as cut flowers or ornamental trees. In the case of useful and ornamental plant crops, these may, for example, also be transgenic crops, such as, for example, transgenic corn or transgenic soybeans.

[0093] The harmful non-plant organisms treated according to the invention are insects, nematodes, phytoplasmas, bacteria, such as Pseudomonadaceae, Rhizobiaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Corynebacteriaceae and Streptomycetaceae, phytopathogenic fungi, viruses and viroids.

[0094] Temperature has a great influence on the absorption of the substance in the plant, with an increase in temperature leading to an increase in mobility in the cuticle. In particular, in the absorption of the substance by plants, the ability of the substance to move across the cuticle is a process that depends largely on temperature, but also in the absorption of the substance by harmful non-plant organisms in diffusion through the skin of insects or the cell wall of fungi and, in general, in the most common, so-called passive diffusion through biomembranes, temperature plays a role. Solvents, such as carboxylic acid amides or alkyl esters of fatty acids, such as oleic acid methyl ester, can act as a temperature increaser, because they penetrate the cuticle very quickly and thus can swell it. Therefore, they act mainly on the plant's cuticle and often leave a large part of the active substance on the plant's surface. This large part is then present, often in crystalline form, encrusted with minerals from the water used or fixed in a different way and is no longer available for transport to the target location on the plant or non-plant harmful organism. In general, immediately after application, penetration, due to the highest concentrations or gradients of concentrations of active substance, is the greatest and due to temperature-dependent diffusion through the skin structures of plants or harmful non-plant organisms at low temperatures is often insufficient. In this way, the penetration of agrochemical active substances into plants or non-plant harmful organisms, in particular, at cold temperatures is essentially lower compared to higher temperatures. Since, in general, due to loss processes, such as, for example, degradation in light or volatility or resistance to rain, but also to minimize the introduction of substance required for cost and environmental reasons, it is most often desirable accelerated absorption, possibilities are sought to promote substance absorption, in particular, at low temperatures.

[0095] In the context of the present invention, it was surprisingly found, furthermore, that one or more N-substituted pyrrolidones of formula (I) also at low temperatures are advantageously suitable for promoting the penetration of one or more agrochemical active substances on plants or non-plant harmful organisms and preferably on plants.

[0096] This is advantageous, for example, in permanently cold weather, but also when temperatures in the daytime periods prevalent in agriculture, except in the tropics, stabilize temporarily in a cold zone, therefore, when during the day it is comparatively warm, but temperatures drop significantly at night.

[0097] Therefore, the invention allows, in particular, also the use of one or more N-substituted pyrrolidones of formula (I) to promote the penetration of one or more agrochemical active substances into plants or harmful non-plant organisms, preferably to promote penetration into plants, when penetration takes place at least occasionally at a temperature less than or equal to 25oC, particularly preferably at least occasionally at a temperature less than or equal to 20oC, in particular preferably at least occasionally at a temperature less than or equal to 15oC and extraordinarily preferred, at least occasionally at a temperature less than or equal to 10oC.

[0098] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, therefore, the penetration in use according to the invention of one or more N-substituted pyrrolidones of formula (I) is carried out to promote the penetration of one or more substances agrochemical active substances on plants or non-plant harmful organisms and preferably to promote the penetration of one or more agrochemical active substances into plants, at least occasionally at a temperature less than or equal to 25oC, preferably at least occasionally at a temperature less than or equal to 20oC , particularly preferably at least occasionally at a temperature less than or equal to 15°C and, in particular, preferably at least occasionally at a temperature less than or equal to 10°C.

[0099] Another object of the invention is also a process for promoting the penetration of agrochemical active substances into plants or harmful non-plant organisms, wherein one or more agrochemical active substances are applied to the plant at the same time or sequentially with one or more pyrrolidones N- substituted from formula (I). In this process according to the invention, in turn, those N-substituted pyrrolidones of formula (I), agrochemical active substances, application forms (for example, compositions to protect plants or tank mix applications and spray broths) are preferred. ), additives, plants and harmful non-plant organisms, which are also preferred in the use according to the invention of one or more N-substituted pyrrolidones of formula (I) to promote the penetration of agrochemical active substances into plants or harmful organisms not vegetables.

[00100] As in the use according to the invention, penetration in the process according to the invention to promote the penetration of agrochemical active substances into plants or non-plant organisms and preferably to promote the penetration of agrochemical active substances into plants, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is carried out at least occasionally at a temperature less than or equal to 25oC, preferably occasionally at a temperature less than or equal to 20oC, particularly preferably at least occasionally at a temperature less than or equal to 15oC and , in particular, preferably at least occasionally at a temperature less than or equal to 10oC.

[00101] Another object of the present invention are also the compositions for protecting plants described above, which in the use according to the invention of one or more N-substituted pyrrolidones of formula (I), can be used to promote the penetration of substances active agrochemicals on plants or harmful non-plant organisms.

[00102] Among these compositions for protecting plants according to the invention, in turn, those are preferred, which are also preferred in the use according to the invention of one or more of the N-substituted pyrrolidones of formula (I) to promote the penetration of agrochemical active substances into plants or harmful non-plant organisms.

[00103] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compositions for protecting plants according to the invention contain a) 1 to 90% by weight, and preferably 5 to 70% by weight, of one or more N-substituted pyrrolidones of the formula (I) and b) 1 to 90% by weight and preferably 2.5 to 70% by weight, of one or more agrochemical active substances.

[00104] The compositions for protecting plants according to the invention mentioned just now may contain one or more additives. These preferably contain 0 to 98% by weight, and particularly preferably 1 to 60% by weight, of one or more additives.

[00105] In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the compositions for protecting plants according to the invention contain a) 1 to 50% by weight, preferably 5 to 40% by weight and particularly preferably 5 to 30% by weight weight, of one or more N-substituted pyrrolidones of formula (I) and b) 1 to 90% by weight, preferably 5 to 60% by weight and particularly preferably 2.5 to 50% by weight, of one or more substances agrochemical actives.

[00106] The compositions for protecting plants according to the invention mentioned just now may contain one or more additives. These preferably contain 0 to 98% by weight, and particularly preferably 1 to 50% by weight, of one or more additives.

[00107] In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the compositions for protecting plants according to the invention contain water.

[00108] In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the compositions for protecting plants according to the invention are present in the form of an aqueous spray broth and contain a) 0.001 to 99% by weight, preferably 0.01 to 50% by weight and particularly preferably 0.02 to 1% by weight of one or more N-substituted pyrrolidones of formula (I) and b) 0.001 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.002 to 5% by weight and particularly preferred, 0.0025 to 3% by weight, of one or more agrochemical active substances.

[00109] Surprisingly, it was found that the compositions for protecting plants according to the invention are suitable for the production of highly effective spray broths with a very low content of active substances. The invention therefore also relates to aqueous spray broths containing components a) and b) described above, with the content of component b) being less than 0.05 g/l, preferably 0.01 to 0. 03 g/l.

[00110] In a particularly preferred embodiment of this spray broth with a low active substance content, the content of component a) is less than 0.1% by weight, particularly preferably 0.015 to 0.05% by weight, based on the total quantity of spray broth.

[00111] The compositions for protecting plants according to the invention mentioned just now, in the form of an aqueous spray broth, may contain one or more additives. These preferably contain 0 to 99% by weight, and particularly preferably 0.01 to 80% by weight, of one or more additives.

[00112] In the compositions for protecting plants according to the invention, preferred, among others, are the N-substituted pyrrolidones of formula (I), the agrochemical active substances and the optionally contained additives, which are also preferred in the use according to the invention of one or more N-substituted pyrrolidones of formula (I) to promote the penetration of agrochemical active substances into plants or non-plant harmful organisms.

[00113] As in the use according to the invention, the quantitative data referring to the N-substituted pyrrolidones of formula (I), the agrochemical active substances and the additives, refer to the total weight of the compositions for protecting plants from according to the invention and, in the case of agrochemical active substances, which in protonized form represent acids, but which are used in the form of their water-soluble salts, the amount of free acid, the so-called acid equivalent (“acid equivalent“, a.e.) .

[00114] The agrochemical active substances described as preferred in uses according to the invention are also preferably used in compositions to protect plants according to the invention as component b).

[00115] Preferred components b) are selected from the group, which consists of fungicides, bactericides, insecticides, acaricides, nematicides, herbicides, plant growth regulators, plant nutrients, repellents, mollusticides and rodenticides. Particularly preferred b) components are selected from the group consisting of herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, nematicides and/or plant growth regulators.

[00116] The invention particularly preferably refers to compositions for protecting plants, which in addition to component a), contain as component b) one or more agrochemical active substances selected from the group consisting of strobilurin fungicides, preferably azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, picoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, oryzastrobin, picoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin and/or azole fungicides, preferably prothioconazole, tebuconazole, cyproconazole, difeconazole, metconazole, propiconazole, tetraconazole, tricyclazole and/or other active substances, preferably fenpico - xamide, fluxapyroxad, boscalid, bitertanol, prochloraz, thiophanate, chlorothalonil, bixaphene, isopyrazam, fluopyram, penthiopyrad, dimethomorph, fenpropimorph, spiroxamine, trifluralin, metribuzin, saflufenacil, fenoxaprop-ethyl, acetolachlor, S-metolachlor, pendimethalin, pinoxaden, fluroxypyr , abamectin, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, acetamiprid, emamectin benzoate, lamda-cyhalothrin, pymetrozine, chloantraniliprole, gibberellinic acid, benzylaminopyrine, trinexapac-ethyl, ethephon, thidiazuron.

[00117] Agrochemical active substances used most particularly preferably as component b) are selected from the group, which consists of strobilurin fungicides, preferably azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, fluoxastrobin, picoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin and/or azo fungicides, preferably prothioconazole, tebucon- zol, cyproconazole, propiconazole, metconazole and/or other active substances, preferably fluxapyroxad, bitertanol, prochloroaz, chlorothalonil, bixafen, isopyrazam, fluopyram, penthiopyrad, fenpropimorph, trifluralin, metribuzin, saflufenacil, fenoxaprop-ethyl, acetolachlor, S-metolachlor, pendimethalin , pinoxaden, fluroxipyr, abamectin, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, acetamiprid, gibberellinic acid, trinexapac ethyl, benzylaminopyrine.

[00118] Agrochemical active substances used, in particular, preferably as component b) are selected from the group, which consists of azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, fluoxastrobin, trifloxystrobin, prothioconazole, tebuconazole, fluxapyroxad, bitertanol, metconazole, prochloroaz, chlorothalonil, fenpropimorph, trifluralin, metribuzin, saflufenacil, pendimethalin, fenoxapropethyl, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, acetamiprid, benzylaminopyrine; and/or are selected from the group, which consists of insecticides from the pyrethroid family, preferably cypermethrin, deltamethrin, permethrin, cyfluthrin, bifenthrin, lambda cyhalothrin, gamma cyhalothrin; and/or organophosphate insecticides, preferably chlorpyrifos; and/or benzoylurea insecticides, preferably diflubenzuron, lufenuron; and/or other insecticides, preferably abamectin, emamectin benzoate, flubendiamide, fipronil, rinaxipyr, spiromesiphene, spirodiclofen, fipronil, indoxacarb; and/or amide fungicides, preferably prochloraz; and/or other fungicides, preferably trifloxystrobin, mancozeb, chlorothalonil; bixafen, isopyrazam, fluopyram, penthiopyrad; and/or herbicides, preferably acetochlor, propanyl, glufosinate; and/or plant growth regulators, in particular, trinaxapac-ethyl or gibberellinic acid.

[00119] Below, the invention is clarified in detail by examples without restricting it to them.

[00120] Percentage data referring to the amount of matter or substance should be understood as percent by weight (% by weight), as long as something different is not explicitly indicated.

Examples Penetration test (plant penetration)

[00121] In this test, the penetration of active substances was measured through enzymatically isolated cuticles from apple or pear leaves.

[00122] Leaves were used, which in a fully developed state were cut from apple trees of the Golden Delicious species or pear trees. Isolation of the cuticles occurred in such a way that - initially, on the underside of dye-marked and perforated leaf discs, they were filled by means of vacuum infiltration with a solution of pectinase (at 0.2 to 2% by weight) buffered to a pH value between 3 and 4, - then, sodium azide was added and - the leaf discs thus treated were left to rest until the original leaf structure was dissolved and the non-cellular cuticle was separated.

[00123] Next, only the cuticles free of stomata and hairs on the upper sides of the leaf are further used. These were washed several times alternately with water and a buffer solution with a pH value of 7. The clean cuticles obtained were finally mounted on Teflon slides and smoothed and dried with a weak jet of air.

[00124] In the next step, the cuticle membranes thus obtained were inserted, to examine the transport of the membranes, into stainless steel diffusion cells (= transport chambers). For this purpose, the cuticles were placed with tweezers in the center of the edges of the diffusion cells coated with silicone grease and closed with a ring that was also lubricated. The arrangement was chosen in such a way that the external morphological side of the cuticles was facing outwards, therefore towards the air, whilst the original internal side was facing towards the interior of the diffusion cell. The diffusion cells were filled with water or a mixture of water and solvent.

[00125] To determine penetration, in each case 9 μl of a spray broth of the composition mentioned in the examples was applied to the external side of a cuticle.

[00126] CIPAC water was used in the spray broths in each case.

[00127] After applying the spray broths, the water was allowed to evaporate, in each case, then the chambers were rotated and placed in thermostatically controlled bathtubs, with air at a defined temperature and atmospheric humidity being blown onto the outside of the cuticles. . The beginning of penetration took place, therefore, at a relative atmospheric humidity of 60% and with an adjusted temperature, as indicated. The penetration of the active substance was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

[00128] As can be seen in the examples listed in tables 1 to 20, the presence of N-(n-butyl)-2-pyrrolidone leads to a considerable increase in absorption compared to formulations, in which N-(n - butyl)-2-pyrrolidone is not present. In the case of the alternatives used for N-(n-butyl)-2-pyrrolidone, these are examples of commercially available application substances for formulations.

[00129] The values for "% penetration" indicated in the following tables indicate, what percentage of the amount of substance applied to the plant penetrates the plant. The values indicated repm average values.

[00130] The abbreviations used in the tables have the following meaning: 20 SG: abbreviated form for "Mospilan® 20 SG“ Calypso® SC 480: commercial formulation of thiacloprid Custodia® SC 320: commercial formulation of azoxystrobin and tebuconazole DAT: days after application ("Days After Treatment") DF75: abbreviated form for "Dimetric® DF75“ Dimetric® DF75: commercial formulation of metribuzin DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide EC 540: commercial formulation of trifluralin Galaster® BL 97: butyl lactate Genagen® NBP: NBP ( at 100%) Mospilan® 20 SG: commercial formulation of acetamiprid n: number of treatments and respective measurements NBP: N-(n-butyl)-2-pyrrolidone NMP: N-methylpyrrolidone Orkestra® SC 500: commercial formulation of fluxapiroxad and pyraclostrobin RT: room temperature (23 to 25oC) SC320: short form for "Custodia® SC 320“ SC480: short form for "Calypso® SC 480“ SC500: short form for "Orkestra® SC 500“ EC 18: commercial formulation of abamectin (concentrated in emulsion) SC 200: commercial formulation of rinaxipir (concentrated in suspension) Akzeptor medium: solution of forchlorfenuron in a medium of water and diethylene glycol prothioconazole x % of RW: prothioconazole powder with x % by weight of active substance content Genagen® PA: pelargonic acid dimethylamide Genagen® 4296: decanoic acid dimethylamide Agsolex® 08: N-octylpyrrolidone Solvesso® 200 ND: mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons Emulsogen® 3510: alkylated copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene Synergen® 848: copolymers ethylene oxide and propylene oxide alkylates Synergen® W03: alkyl sulfosuccinate, Na salt in hydrocarbons Synergen® W09: alkyl sulfosuccinate, Na salt in white oil Genapol® X 090: isotridecyl alcohol with 9 ethylene oxide units Emulsogen ® MTP 070: alkylated copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene Emulsogen® EL 300: castor oil with 30 units of ethylene oxide Emulsogen® EL 360: castor oil with 36 units of ethylene oxide Momentive® SAG 1571: polydimethylsiloxane Trinexapac Ethyl x % RW: trinexapac ethyl powder with x % by weight of active substance content Hostaphat® 1306: isotridecyl phosphate with 6 units of ethylene oxide Emulsogen® ELO 200: modified castor oil ethoxylates Synergen® SOC : tank mix adjuvant MSO: sunflower oil methyl ester Example 1: Penetration tests with metribuzin at 10oC on pear Table 1: Penetration results after 6 hours and after 2 days of example 1

Carrying out examples 1-1 to 1-8:

[00131] The formulation (Dimetric® DF75 or DF75) was diluted with water, so that the dilution contained a metribuzin concentration of 4.50 g/l. By mixing this diluted formulation with the corresponding amount of the test substance (NMP, DMSO or NBP) in water, the desired concentration of the test substance was adjusted (0.1% by weight, 0.3% by weight or 0.5 % by weight) and the agrochemical active substance metribuzin (2.25 g/l) in the aqueous spray broth. Penetration through the isolated pear cuticle was measured at a temperature of 10oC after 6 hours and 2 days after application (2 DAT).

[00132] The tests in examples 2 to 17 and 20 to 22 were carried out in a similar way to example 1, however, considering the data and conditions indicated in tables 2 to 20. Example 2: Penetration tests with metribuzin at room temperature in pear Table 2: Penetration results after 6 hours and after 2 days in example 2 Example 3: Penetration tests with metribuzin at 10oC in pear Table 3: Penetration results after 6 hours and after 2 days of example 3 Example 4: Penetration tests with azoxystrobin at 10oC on apple Table 4: Penetration results after 6 hours and after 3 days of example 4

[00133] For the penetration of tebuconazole at 10oC in the apple, see example 6. Example 5: Penetration tests with azoxystrobin at room temperature in the apple Table 5: Penetration results after 6 hours and after 3 days of example 5.

[00134] For the penetration of ebuconazole at room temperature in the apple, see example 7. Example 6: Penetration tests with tebuconazole at 10oC in the apple Table 6: Penetration results after 6 hours and after 3 days of example 6.

[00135] For the penetration of azoxystrobin at 10oC in the apple, see example 4. Example 7: Penetration tests with tebuconazole at room temperature in the apple Table 7: Penetration results after 6 hours and after 3 days of example 7.

[00136] For the penetration of azoxystrobin at room temperature into the apple, see example 5. Example 8: Penetration tests with fluxapyroxad at 10oC in the apple Table 8: Penetration results after 1 day and after 3 days of example 8 Example 9: Penetration tests with fluxapyroxad at room temperature on apple Table 9: Penetration results after 1 day and after 3 days of example 9 Example 10: Penetration tests with pyraclostrobin at 10oC in pear Table 10: Penetration results after 1 day and after 3 days of example 10 Example 11: Penetration tests with pyraclostrobin at room temperature in pear Table 11: Penetration results after 1 day and after 3 days of example 11 Example 12: Penetration tests with thiacloprid at 10oC in pear Table 12: Penetration results after 6 hours and after 2 days of example 12. Example 13: Penetration tests with thiacloprid at room temperature in pear Table 13: Penetration results after 6 hours and after 2 days of example 13 Example 14: Penetration tests with thiacloprid at 10oC on apple Table 14: Penetration results after 1 day and after 3 days of example 14 Example 15: Penetration tests with thiacloprid at room temperature in apple Table 15: Penetration results after 1 day and after 3 days of example 15 Example 16: Penetration tests with acetamiprid at 10oC on apple Table 16: Penetration results after 8 hours and after 1 day of example 16 Example 17: Penetration tests with trifluralin at 10oC in pear Table 17: Penetration results after 1 day and after 3 days of example 17 Example 18: Penetration tests with prothioconazole at 10oC and 20oC in pear

[00137] The tests were carried out with the active substance prothioconazole in combination with either Genagen® NBP (N-(n-butyl)-2-pyrrolidone) or Emulsogen® EL 360 (castor oil ethoxylate).

[00138] The active substance was dissolved in an acetone/water mixture with a concentration of 2 or 0.75 g/l. Prothioconazole penetration was measured for pear leaf cuticles. Tests were carried out with additive systems, on the one hand with the emulsifier Emulsogen® EL 360 as a comparison and, on the other hand, with Genagen® NBP as a test according to the invention with an excess of active substance (the active substance ratio for additive it is about 2 to 1).

[00139] The results of the penetration tests of example 18 are shown in Figure "Figure 1“. The indicated results represent average values of the measurement results of 5-7 treatments.

[00140] In Figure 1 they represent: a prothioconazole (0.75 g/l) + Genagen® NBP (0.4 g/l) b prothioconazole (2 g/l) + Genagen® NBP (1 g/l) c prothioconazole (0.75 g/l) + Emulsogen® EL 360 (0.4 g/l) d prothioconazole (2 g/l) + Emulsogen® EL 360 (1 g/l)

[00141] On the x-axis of Figure 1, the number after application is indicated in hours (h).

[00142] On the y-axis of Figure 1, the fraction of active substance that penetrated through the plant cuticle is indicated, based on the total amount of active substance applied to the plant, in percentage (%).

[00143] Penetration initially occurred for about a day at 10oC, then the temperature was increased to 20oC with constant relative atmospheric humidity of about 60%. The concentration of prothioconazole corresponded to typical values in practice (0.75 g/l) or 2 g/l prothioconazole). The water from the application drops was macroscopically completely evaporated after a maximum of one hour through the leaf cuticle. With the emulsifier additive Emulsogen® EL 360, which remains in the cuticle or on the surface of the leaf, when the temperature is increased from 10oC to 20oC, a significant increase in the amount of active substance that penetrates the plant or a significant increase in the speed of penetration in a multiple. Genagen® NBP, in this case, was still effective at the same concentrations of use. This shows that N-(n-butyl)-2-pyrrolidone, also at low concentrations of use, can promote penetration permanently and independently of solution properties. This is very favorable for the long-term effect or long-term availability, the so-called "residual efficacy", in particular, of fungicides and insecticides.

Example 19: Microscopic examinations Carrying out the test:

[00144] The following solutions 1) to 6 were prepared: Solution 1)

[00145] Solution of 1 g of rinaxipyr in one liter of a mixture of acetone and distilled water at a weight ratio of acetone: distilled water of 30: 70. Solution 2)

[00146] Solution of 1 g of rinaxipyr in one liter of a mixture of N-(n-butyl)-2-pyrrolidone and distilled water at a weight ratio of N-(n-butyl)-2-pyrrolidone: distilled water of 30 : 70. Solution 3)

[00147] Solution of 1 g of emamectin benzoate in one liter of a mixture of acetone and distilled water at a weight ratio of acetone: distilled water of 30: 70. Solution 4)

[00148] Solution of 1 g of emamectin benzoate in one liter of a mixture of N-(n-butyl)-2-pyrrolidone and distilled water at a weight ratio of N-(n-butyl)-2-pyrrolidone: distilled water 30 : 70. Solution 5)

[00149] Solution of 1 g of abamectin in one liter of a mixture of acetone and distilled water at a weight ratio of acetone: distilled water of 30: 70. Solution 6)

[00150] Solution of 1 g of abamectin in one liter of a mixture of N-(n-butyl)-2-pyrrolidone and distilled water at a weight ratio of N-(n-butyl)-2-pyrrolidone: distilled water from 30 : 70.

[00151] With solutions 1) to 6), it was processed as described below (see steps A) to C)): A) 1 μl of solutions 1) to 6) described above was applied each to object carriers silanized glass. B) The solutions were left to cool in the object carriers at a temperature of 25oC and 53% relative atmospheric humidity, followed by drying. C) Next, the object carriers were examined and photographs were taken at the original edge of the drops at 400x magnification.

[00152] Photographs are shown for the agrochemical active substance abamectin in Figures FIGURE 2A and FIGURE 2B, for the agrochemical active substance rinaxapir in Figures FIGURE 3A and FIGURE 3B and for the agrochemical active substance emamectin benzoate in Figures FIGURE 4A and FIGURE 4B .

[00153] It was found that the respective agrochemical active substance from the mixture of acetone and distilled water was crystallized (see Figures FIGURE 2A, FIGURE 3A and FIGURE 4A) and, therefore, was no longer present in a biologically available. In this crystalline form, the respective agrochemical active substance cannot penetrate harmful non-plant organisms.

[00154] On the other hand, it appears that the respective agrochemical active substance also after 18 hours was not crystallized from the mixture of N-(n-butyl)-2-pyrrolidone and distilled water but was present, in addition, in dissolved form in N-(n-butyl)-2-pyrrolidone (see Figures FIGURE 2B, FIGURE 3B and FIGURE 4B). In this dissolved form, the respective agrochemical active substance can penetrate harmful non-plant organisms.Example 20: Penetration tests with abamectin at 10oC on pear Table 18: Penetration results after 1 day and after 2 days of example 20 Example 21: Penetration tests with rinaxipir at 10oC in pear Table 19: Penetration results after 1 day and after 2 days of example 21 Example 22: Penetration tests with forchlorfenuron at 10oC in pear Table 20: Penetration results after 6 hours, 1 day and after 3 days of example 22

[00155] The results in table 20 demonstrate that the production of highly effective spray broths is possible with a very low content of active substance (here 0.03 g/l of forchlorfenuron) and very low content of NBP.

Example 23: Formulations with prothioconazole

[00156] Formulations with the active substance prothioconazole were prepared in combination with different additives. The compositions of the individual formulations are shown in table 21 below. It is verified that the active substance in all formulations is present dissolved in high concentration.Table 21 1) X EC = emulsion concentrate with xg/l concentration of active substance; X DC = dispersion concentrate with xg/l concentration of active substance

[00157] Table 21 shows that the use of N-substituted pyrrolidones of formula I allows the preparation of highly concentrated active substance formulations. The prepared formulations were stable and met the usual FAO tests regarding emulsification and dispersion power. The prepared formulations were stable, for example during two-week storage at 0° and 54°C, were redispersible and could be mixed without problems with other substances in the spray liquid.

[00158] High active substance loads of 300 g/l could be achieved in emulsion concentrates and dispersion concentrates.

[00159] In table 21 it is further shown that the N-substituted pyrrolidones of formula I can be used solely as a solvent (example 23-1) or in combination with other solvents.

[00160] The formulations described in table 21 showed a high rate of absorption (penetration), which was higher than that of commercially available products.

[00161] In commercially available products, N,N-dimethylformamide is often used as a penetration promoter. In table 21 it is shown that this compound can be used in comparatively low concentration as a solvent and/or as a crystallization inhibitor in combination with the N-substituted pyrrolidones of formula I used according to the invention, as a penetration promoter of the formulations of active substance with very high penetration effect.

Example 24: Formulations with trinexapac or abamectin and acetamiprid

[00162] Formulations were prepared with the active substance trinexapac ethyl or with abamectin and acetamiprid in combination with different additives. The compositions of the individual formulations are shown in table 22 below. It is verified that the active substances in all formulations are present dissolved in high concentration. Table 22 1) X EC = emu concentrate with xg/l concentration of active substance; X DC = dispersion concentrate with xg/l concentration of active substance; X EC = oil-in-water emulsion with xg/l concentration of active substance.

[00163] Table 22 shows that the use of N-substituted pyrrolidones of formula I allows the preparation of highly concentrated active substance formulations. The prepared formulations were stable and met the usual FAO tests. The prepared formulations were stable, for example during two-week storage at 0° and 54°C, were redispersible and could be mixed without problems with other substances in the spray liquid.

[00164] The formulations described in table 22 showed a high rate of absorption (penetration).

Claims (20)

1. Use of N-(n-butyl)-2-pyrrolidone, characterized by the fact that it is to promote the penetration of one or more agrochemical active substances into plants, wherein the one or more agrochemical active substances are selected from systemic agrochemical active substances, wherein the one or more systemic agrochemical active substances are selected from: (i) the group consisting of strobilurin fungicides selected from azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin, azole fungicides selected from tebuconazole and prothioconazole, and other active substances selected from fluxapyroxad, trifluralin, metribuzin, forchlorfenuron and trinexapac; and (ii) the group consisting of insecticides from the neonicotinoid family, and other insecticides selected from abamectin, emamectin and rinaxipyr. 2. Use according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that N-(n-butyl)-2-pyrrolidone is used in a composition for protecting plants, comprising a) 1% to 90% by weight of N-( n-butyl)-2-pyrrolidone, and b) 1% to 90% by weight of one or more systemic agrochemical active substances. 3. Use according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that N-(n-butyl)-2-pyrrolidone is used in a composition for protecting plants, comprising a) 5% to 70% by weight of N -(n-butyl)-2-pyrrolidone, and b) 2.5% to 70% by weight of one or more systemic agrochemical active substances. 4. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by the fact that N-(n-butyl)-2-pyrrolidone is used in a composition to protect plants, comprising: a) 1% to 50% in weight of N-(n-butyl)-2-pyrrolidone, and b) 1% to 90% by weight of one or more systemic agrochemical active substances. 5. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by the fact that N-(n-butyl)-2-pyrrolidone is used in a composition to protect plants, comprising: a) 5% to 40% in weight of N-(n-butyl)-2-pyrrolidone, and b) 5% to 60% by weight of one or more systemic agrochemical active substances. 6. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that N-(n-butyl)-2-pyrrolidone is used in a tank additive, which contains 1% to 90% by weight of N-(n- butyl)-2-pyrrolidone, and additionally one or more additives and optionally water. 7. Use according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that N-(n-butyl)-2-pyrrolidone is used in a tank additive, which contains 5% to 50% by weight of N-( n-butyl)-2-pyrrolidone, and additionally one or more additives and optionally water. 8. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that N-(n-butyl)-2-pyrrolidone is used in a composition for protecting plants in the form of an aqueous spray broth. 9. Use according to claim 8, characterized by the fact that N-(n-butyl)-2-pyrrolidone is used in a composition for protecting plants in the form of an aqueous spray broth, comprising: a) 0.001 % to 99% by weight of N-(n-butyl)-2-pyrrolidone, and b) 0.001% to 10% by weight of one or more systemic agrochemical active substances. 10. Use according to claim 8 or 9, characterized by the fact that N-(n-butyl)-2-pyrrolidone is used in a composition for protecting plants in the form of an aqueous spray broth, which comprises: a ) 0.01% to 50% by weight of N-(n-butyl)-2-pyrrolidone, and b) 0.002% to 5% by weight of one or more systemic agrochemical active substances. 11. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized by the fact that the one or more systemic agrochemical active substances are selected from agrochemical active substances with a log P value < 4.5. 12. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized by the fact that the one or more systemic agrochemical active substances are selected from the group consisting of azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, tebuconazole, prothioconazole, fluxapyroxad, trifluralin, metribuzin, forchlorfenuron and trinexapac. 13. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized by the fact that the one or more systemic agrochemical active substances are selected from the group consisting of thiacloprid, acetamiprid, abamectin, emamectin and rinaxipyr. 14. Process for promoting the penetration of agrochemical active substances as defined in claim 1 into plants, characterized by the fact that one or more systemic agrochemical active substances are applied to the plants at the same time or sequentially with N-(n-butyl)-2 -pyrrolidone. 15. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized by the fact that the penetration of one or more systemic agrochemical active substances into plants takes place at least occasionally at a temperature lower than or equal to 25oC. 16. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized by the fact that the penetration of one or more systemic agrochemical active substances into plants takes place at least occasionally at a temperature lower than or equal to 20oC. 17. Composition for protecting plants, characterized by the fact that it comprises: a) 1% to 90% by weight of N-(n-butyl)-2-pyrrolidone, and b) 1% to 90% by weight of one or more substances systemic agrochemical actives, wherein component b) is selected from the group consisting of fungicides and insecticides as defined in claim 1, and wherein the composition for protecting plants is in the form of a dispersible concentrate (DC); an emulsion concentrate (EC); an oil-in-water (EW) emulsion; a seed treatment emulsion (ES); a fluid concentrate for seed treatment (FS); a water-in-oil (EO) emulsion; an oil dispersion (OD); a suspoemulsion (SE); a water-soluble concentrate (SL) or a capsule suspension (CS). 18. Composition according to claim 17, characterized by the fact that it comprises: 5% to 70% by weight of component a), and 2.5% to 70% by weight of component b). 19. Composition according to claim 17, characterized by the fact that it comprises: 1% to 50% by weight of component a), and 1% to 90% by weight of component b). 20. Composition according to any one of claims 17 to 19, characterized by the fact that it comprises: 5% to 40% by weight of component a), and 5% to 60% by weight of component b).