BG97993A - Integral engine - Google Patents

Abstract

The engine has universal application and operates with all types of fuels and energy sources. It has high efficiency factor, is economic, has high torque and is lightweight, technological, noiseless, wear-resistant and ecologically clean. The integral engine consists of a block (1) having a head (3) and combustion chamber (2). The block (1) houses cylinders in which piston-connecting rod groups are mounted resting on the camshaft (7) on roller bearings. A gas distribution shaft (14) and the control valve (21) are mounted in the head (3) of the cylinder block (1). The valve (21) is connected, by grooves, to the evaporation cylinder in the combustion chamber (2) in which gas-oil burners (39) and water nozzles (32) are mounted, connected to an axial piston pump (35). A steam turbine (49) and steam condenser (48) are mounted to the block (1).

Description

The invention relates to an integrated motor with a scope in cars tractors, ships, aircraft and other vehicles, thermal power and

the use of solar energy, as well as in any field of technology where power drives are needed.

Until now, known are engines / engines / external and internal combustion »By these signs are known steam engine, steam turbine and Stirling engine of the first type and gasoline, diesel, Wankel engine and gas turbine of the second type, and others in - less used motors. In principle, the above may be referred to as differential motors, since each of them requires a strictly defined type of fuel with certain performance indicators.

The disadvantages of the most used gasoline and diesel engines so far are known. The more important ones are:

mismatch of engine torque with the resistance of the vehicle to move, which necessitated the use of a gearbox with clutch and high-speed motors, resulting in greater wear and tear;

the need to split the torque into two

or more wheels resulted in the use of a main-gear and differential mechanical transmission, which together with the above-mentioned gearbox and clutch increases the weight of the power unit and results in a reduction of the transmitted power from the motor to the wheels, due to mechanical losses of up to 15X or more;

use of high-temperature thermodynamic cycles, leading to the need for a cooling system for the engines, with about 30- 357 being taken away from the heat brought in by the combustion of the fuel. The second disadvantage is the formation of harmful nitrogen oxides (1M0x) at high temperatures and pressure in the combustion chamber of the motor;

imperfection of thermodynamic cycles, due to the inability to fully expand the exhaust gases, resulting in the ejection of heat with the same up to 30 - 357 from outside the hay during combustion;

idling the engine when braking the vehicle in urban traffic, which in addition to fuel costs, but also to pollution of the environment with unburned gases such as carbon monoxide (CO) / and hydrocarbons (StNp);

complex fuel-mixing systems such as carburettors for gasoline and fuel injection pumps with diesel engine nozzles;

a heavier construction that is caused by high pressures and dynamic loads when burning the combustion need to use sliding

BASIC AND WASHER ”your forced-lubrication bearings because of the above

disadvantages;

the use of four-stroke operating cycles, resulting in less liter power;

engine noise, which requires the use of silencing systems

The disadvantages of the steam engine and the steam turbine are high weight and volume due to the presence of a steam room;

low efficiency due to external combustion;

less mobility due to the large amount of water that needs to be heated to the boiling point, which requires technological time;

the steam turbine requires the use of a gearbox

The disadvantages of the gas turbine are low efficiency due to the exhaust of high temperature exhaust gases;

high speeds and inappropriate torque, which necessitates the use of a gearbox;

noisy

The object of the invention is to create an integral motor that can use any kind of traditional and non-traditional sources of energy - solid, liquid, gaseous, electric current and solar energy, to have a rotating

moment, corresponding to the external resistances exerted on the working machine, to be light, economical, technological, wear-resistant, efficient, environmentally friendly and quiet.

The task is solved by creating an integral motor that combines elements of the steam engine and the piston engine. According to the invention, the integral motor includes: a motor block to which the head of the block and the combustion chamber are cast together, from below with a crankcase and from the sides with lids. The engine block has piston cylinders and beds for the main crankshaft bearings. The crankshaft is detachable with encapsulated roller bearings on the main necks. There is a toothed wheel on its outer end for connecting to the camshaft by means of a toothed belt, a slotted end on which a brake is mounted

disk of non-ferromagnetic material with magnetic sectors on the periphery. The pistons have two radial sealing segments, one in the forehead, the other in his skirt. »The reel is mounted in the piston bolt and crankshaft crankshaft by encapsulated needle roller bearings. For vehicles in the engine block there are two crankshafts / double-sided drive / one for each drive wheel with a minimum of 3 cylinders per crankshaft so that it is ensured during one revolution / 360 ° / always one working cylinder / 120 ° /. Any other numerical combination of cylinders over 3 is possible, as well as different locations (V-shaped, etc.). Connecting sleeves are mounted on the inside of the crankshafts, on a slotted shaft, which is supported in the main shaft neck of the encapsulated roller bearings, and the sleeves are connected by a fork. At the top of the block, there is a head with it, in which a cylindrical hole along the block transversely to the cylinders is grinded, which is connected to them by means of rectangular openings

In this cylindrical opening there is one for one-sided or two for two-sided propulsion

camshafts and controls, cylindrical gate / single or double-sided respectively

The camshaft is essentially a cylindrical slide and represents two cylindrical pipes of different diameters, poured into each other with two openings (one for the inner tube and one for the outer one) and for connection with each cylinder separately.

The space of each cylinder from the center of view of the cylindrical shaft is sealed by two radial and four front segments pressed against a cylinder.

th e opening of the tilting plates fitted into the corresponding slots of the shaft. On the outer end of the camshaft is mounted the same toothed caliper as the crankshaft, which are connected to the toothed belt

It is mounted externally with an encapsulated anti-friction bearing and internally with a needle anti-friction bearing

E <the middle of the head of the block in the gap between the cylinders for the two-way drive and at one end for the one-sided mounting the cylindrical shaft with a control lever. It represents, as well as the camshaft, two tubes of different diameter, cast into each other and having at each other opposite openings of the outer diameter sealed by two radial and four front segments and radial segments of the inner tube which enters the same of the camshaft. Four rectangular openings are made in the head of the block, which are transversely located on the control valve. The upper and lower openings are connected by an overflow pipe, in which a plunger is located

oil pump and one of the side openings is connected to the evaporator cylinder. The evaporation cylinder consists of two cylindrical vessels of different diameter welded into each other, the space between which is filled with liquid or solid heat storage medium (molten salts, alkali metals). In this space are placed electrical resistance heaters. Water nozzles are mounted at both ends of the evaporation cylinder, which are connected to a water axial-piston pump, operated by a pedal and equipped with an electric motor and switch, and also have a temperature sensor and a safety valve. For fuel containing

an oxidizer (gunpowder, chemical propellant), and a flange are made on the evaporation cylinder and a fuel cap and igniter are attached to it. On the underside of the evaporator cylinder, solid fuels located at the briquette outlet are connected to a screw hopper and compartment valves, respectively, and there are gas oil burners covered by thermal insulation cones, waste bins and an ignition device. The whole space inside the fuel

camera is lined with thermal insulation material and covered with cover. The storage medium in the evaporation cylinder is connected to of from gear pump through tubes with vertical ribs mounted

in the focus of high-temperature parabolic cylindrical solar concentrators (greater than 150 °) made as a solar coil on the vehicle body or stationary on the ground covered with transparent material. The brake discs with magnetized sectors at their periphery are freely enclosed bilaterally by a brake pedal and a switch with a solenoid and coupled electrical axes to the heater in the heat storage medium of the evaporation cylinder. The same devices are placed on the non-driven ones

to olla

On the other side opening in the head against the control valve is mounted a steam turbine, connected via belt wheels with an air fan and a dynamo for electricity, and with a flange for the steam condenser, in the housing of which the central and side louvers are connected, connected to a lever. system. Under the control valve, the heat exchanger tubes and exhaust exhaust pipe are installed in the unit. On the dashboard of the car is a key to control the engine.

The advantages of the integrated motor are the following:

Possibility to use traditional and non-traditional sources of energy (including solar) at the same time. At low crankshaft speeds - transmission of high torque, ie possessing excellent traction. High efficiency, respectively economy due to full use and preservation of heat from combustion of fuel and heat released during braking, use of low temperature cycles (which avoids engine cooling), heat retention at non-working intervals , as well as the possibility of using solar energy. Ease and adaptability due to the use of fewer mechanical parts / and due to clutch failure, gearbox, main gear and differential /. High automation of combustion processes and possibility for their management. High wear resistance due to lower cylinder temperature, low engine speed and lack of dynamic loads. Last but not least, ecological numbers

and the quietness of work.

An exemplary embodiment of the invention is shown in the accompanying drawings, of which:

Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the integral motor through the 1st cylinder.

fi 2 - cut A - Oh by FIG. 1 fi 3 - cut IN ·- IN by fi 2 FIG. 4 - cut B. - B. by fi 1

Fig. 5 - gasket of the camshaft and control valve Fig. 6 - idling of the control valve

Fig. 7 - reverse / reverse / of the control valve Fig. 8 - brake pedal Fig. 9 - water injection system Fig. 10 - solar coil Fig. 11 - section D - D of Fig. 10 Fig. 12 - Evaporative cylinder with fuel capsule Fig. 13 - Plunger oil pump Fig. 14 - Water injection nozzle Fig. 15 - Fuel selection switch

According to the invention, the integral motor consists of: a motor unit 1 to which the combustion chamber 2 and the head 3 are cast. The cylinder is made into the block, in which the pistons 4 with two radial sealing segments 5 are inserted. The reel 6 is connected to the piston bolt. 63 and the crankshaft 7 thrusters by means of encapsulated needle roller bearings 64. The crankshaft 7 is disassembled with encapsulated main thrust bearings 8. In a two-sided drive, the integral motor has two crankshafts / one for each driven wheel / respectively piston -motovilkovi groups

which must be at least 3 pieces / x120 ° /. All other larger numbers / of 3 / cylinders and placements / V-shaped, opposite, star-shaped, etc. / are possible. In the gap between the cylinders in the middle of the double-acting drive unit and at one end, the heat exchanger tubes 9 and the outlet tube 10 are arranged unilaterally.

At the outer end of crankshaft 7, a toothed wheel is gripped by a toothed belt

The engagement is made on the notches of the toothed wheels, so that the phases of the distribution are strictly carried out. Outside the toothed belt

cover 62. The crankshaft ends at its outer end with slots directly connected to the wheels. On these slots, hubs with disks of non-ferromagnetic material along the periphery of which are sequentially engulfed by plus and minus magnetized sectors bilaterally enclosed by windings of copper conductor 16, pedal 17 and switch which are connected through the brake to the resistive heaters 19 placed in the closed space of the evaporation cylinder with the heat storage medium. The same braking devices shall also be fitted to the wheels of the vehicles. At the bottom of the block 1 is closed with the crankcase 59. On the axis of the crankshafts 7, when driven in two ways on the inside, a slotted shaft 22 is positioned freely by means of rolling encapsulated bearings 23 in beds made in the main necks of the crankshafts 7 and on which shaft 22 are provided with clutches 24 with lateral teeth covered by the fork 25. E-! the upper part of the unit 1 is molded together with the head 3, in which a polished cylindrical orifice is made parallel to the axis of the crankshaft 7 transversely to the cylinders,

which connects by means of rectangular holes to each of them x

In this cylindrical orifice, one with one sided and two with one is mounted. two-way actuator camshaft 14 and control, cylindrical gate pass, double-sided for two camshafts 14 and unilaterally pass for unilateral drive

The camshaft is camped externally with a cap roller bearing, bearing 60, with ?.

inside with a needle bearing

61. The gas shaft, for example, whether the shaft is two cylindrical tubes with

different diameters poured into each other with two openings for connecting the respective cylinder, respectively, respectively defaced, depending on the order of operation of the cylinders. The inlet and outlet phases are 180 ° each, or there is one duty cycle and one exhaust cycle for one revolution of the crankshaft 7. To seal each cylinder on the outer diameter of the camshaft, two radial slots and four ends at the ends of its openings are made, in which there are two radial 26 and four front 27 segments pressed to the cylindrical opening by means of the plate springs 28, which represent

sealing cartridge. In the middle of the head of the block in the gap between the cylinders for two-way propulsion and at one end for one-sidedly there is a control cylinder 21 for supplying * steam / gas / to the cylinders. The cylindrical slide 21 has three positions which are controlled by a driver S3 or motor control:

a / forward motion / fig.3 / b / neutral position - blank code / fig 6 / c / reverse / reverse / or compression mode / fig 7/.

The control valve 21 also represents, as the camshaft 14, two cylindrical tubes molded into each other that enter respectively the inner and outer tubes of the camshaft 14

The sealing is made by radial segments 29 and 30 of the inner tubes and the sealing cassette / fig.3 of the outer tube. In the head of block 3 there are openings against the openings of the cylindrical gate

made of four openings through the steam exchange (gas exchange), the upper and lower openings are connected by the overflow pipe

1, in which the plunger oil pump 69 is mounted

In the combustion chamber 2 is located the evaporator cylinder 20, which is flange-locked for one hole in the head against the control valve 21. The evaporator cylinder 20 is two cylindrical vessels of different diameters welded into each other, the space between which is filled with heat-accumulating medium / molten salts. , alkali metal or the like /. Electro-resistive heaters are also located in this space 19. Water injection nozzles 32 are installed at both ends of the evaporation cylinder 20, which are heat protected by thermal insulation cones 33 and which are connected to a multi-cylinder axial-piston pump 35 provided with electric motor 36 and switch 37 coupled to the water pedal 38. A variant of the evaporation cylinder 20 (FIG. 12/) is provided with a technological opening for fixing fuel capsules 65 containing / gunpowder, chemical. compounds / and igniter

66 used rocket technician a

The evaporation cylinder has a safety valve 68 and a temperature sensor

4. Gas-oil burners and ignition are mounted on the sides of the evaporation cylinder

Below it is an outlet 41 for briquettes of solid fuels, which is connected to a hopper with auger 42, provided with shut-off valves 43 and trays

44 located at the bottom of the combustion chamber 2

The entire space around the evaporation cylinder 20 is lined with thermal insulation material 45

The top of the combustion chamber is closed with the lid

46. A steam turbine 49 is mounted on the other side opening in the head against the control valve 21, connected to the belt wheels 51 by an air fan 47 and the dynamo 50, and to the flange of the steam condenser 4S, in the skin of which the central blinds are mounted. 11 and the side 52 connected to each other by a lever system so that when one is open, the other is closed and back

The liquid accumulating medium in the enclosed space of the evaporation cylinder 20 is connected by a gear pump to the solar coil 55, which is made on the vehicle body or stationary on the ground and is a parabolic cylindrical concentrator 56 and a tube with two vertical ribs 57 located in the focal rib 57 and covered with transparent material 58 »On the instrument panel in vehicles or on the control panel of stationary motors, a key 67 is inserted to switch the power supply to the corresponding d fuel-

The integrated motor works as follows

The choice of fuel type is made by means of key 67 with five positions for liquid, solid, gaseous

fuel, electricity and solar power. It rotates in one of these positions and includes the corresponding electric power supply respectively to the pump and the liquid fuel, the electric motor of the hopper with a solid fuel auger, the motor of the circulating pump for the solar coil 55, includes the electrical resistance heaters 19 to external

electrical source, including gas supply valves to the burners 39.: 3a Switching on the solar coil circulation pump 54, a certain temperature of the storage medium in the same as determined by the sensor must be reached.

The ignition switch is switched on after the ignition switch has been assigned. In this situation, the combustion chamber 2 is injected through the burners 39 with fuel or gas and ignited with the ignition device 40. An additional switch activates the fan 47 via the dynamo 50, which supplies combustion air to the chamber 2. In motion, this is done by driven by the steam turbine 49. This is continued until the evaporation cylinder 20 with the storage medium is heated to a temperature sufficient for vaporization. The switching off and on of the combustion is automatic via the temperature sensor

When ignition of solid fuels, after giving a portion, set the key to the position of liquid or gaseous fuel for a few seconds to ensure the ignition of the briquettes, then return to the position of solid fuels

It is automatically submitted to

certain doses through a certain so after

ignition to self-sustain its burning.

After reaching a certain temperature of the evaporation cylinder 20, the integral motor is ready for operation. The control valve 21 is switched on by means of the lever 53 in the forward position, after which the water pedal 38 is pressed. The electric motor 36 is then actuated by means of the switch 37, which drives the piston-axial pump 35. When the pedal is pressed further 38 the axis of the axial-piston pump increases, leading to an increase in the flow rate of water injected into the evaporation cylinder 20 through the nozzles 32. In small quantities, it is injected through side openings. As the flow rate of © the sprayed water rises, the needle cone end of the central hole is raised, which automatically adjusts the pressure of the supply water to the evaporation cylinder. Thus, as the amount of water injected changes, the motor power is increased accordingly. The large internal area heated to the appropriate temperature facilitates the rapid evaporation of the water. The steam generated through the opening in the head of the block enters the control valve .21, from where it enters the internal channel of the camshaft 14 into the cylinders, where it exerts its pressure on the pistons, which rotate the crankshaft 7. At rpm. of the piston, the inlet opening closes and the outlet opens with the rotation of the camshaft 14. The steam exits through the outer tube of the camshaft 14 and the outer tube of the control valve 21 through an opening in the head 3 passes through the steam turbine and

from there it falls into the steam condenser 48.

Steam Tour-

the pin 49 rotates by means of a belt and belt pulleys S1, a dynamo for the current 50 and a fan 47 which cools the condenser of the steam and the exhaust pipes 9 and supplies the warm

the combustion chamber air 2. When the combustion chamber 2 is switched off automatically, when the temperature is reached and when operating with electricity and solar energy, the central louvers 11 are automatically closed and the side louvers 52 are opened. pours out of the combustion chamber 2 when there is no combustion or the storage medium in the evaporation cylinder 20 is heated by electricity or solar energy.

When inertial / idle / the control valve 21 is switched to the middle position, in which the air (steam) in the cylinders passes from one to the other (stroke), and

in evaporator cylinder 20 is not filed water, ie the heat ss ? saves. At turn on on the ruler sunroof 21 c position moving backwards / reverse / at movement of car going forward,

the motor goes into compressor mode, ie. the pistons pressurize the air in the evaporation cylinder 20, in which the pressure rises until the vehicle stops and if it does not shut off in the intermediate position the control valve 21, the compressed air drives the motor to the rear;

The discs 15 s of the ~ gene gene sectors along their periphery are also used for braking, which, when the brake pedal circuit 17 is switched on, induces elec- tricity in the coils

16, which is converted into heat by the resistance heaters in the heat storage medium. This way instead of losing heat when stopped

it returns to the integral motor again

The movement of the integrated motor with electric current is possible mainly by public transport, where the heat storage medium is brought in at the end stops so that at one charge it reaches the other end point. Frequent shutdowns also help maintain heat as described above

Solar energy is possible on sunny summer days. Due to the difficulty of orienting to the sun-

Parallel cylindrical concentrators for the movement of vehicles are made vertical ribs 57 tubes 57 of the solar coil 55, which capture the displacement of the focus up to 20 ° sun heating in the sides of the tikal, which allows the means to use solar energy up to 40 °

45 ° north and south latitude during the summer season, respectively.

For speed cars and dragsters / for setting speed and acceleration records / 20 capsules with reactive fuel 65 / having an oxidizer / are placed on the evaporation cylinder which, when burned, create high pressure in the evaporation cylinder for a minimum time at which high speeds are achieved. integral motor. Locking couplings 24 that connect the two crankshafts 7 into one are used to overcome poor road conditions, thus avoiding the slippage of one of the wheels of the vehicle.

Claims (4)

1. Integral motor, including a block with at least three cylinders and three piston-reel groups arranged symmetrically (x120 °), pistons with radial sealing segments, the reels being connected to the piston bolts and crankshaft necks by encapsulated needle roller bearings, detachable crankshaft bearing in the block of encapsulated main roller bearings, all enclosed below by a crankcase and flanked on the sides, characterized in that a head (3) is cast into the block (1). made cylindrical hole in the ax along the axis of the crankshaft (7) transversely to the cylinders, to which it connects by means of rectangular openings to each of them, and into which the camshaft (14) is constructed, made as a whole of two tubes of different diameters, against each cylinder there is one opening for the inner and one for the outer tube, sealed by two radial (26) and four front (27) segments, pressed by bent plates (28), supported at its outer end by a capsule roller bearing (60), and by the inner one with a needle bearing (61) and connected by means of a toothed wheel (12) and named a belt (13) with a crankshaft (7), and at the same aperture in the head (3) is mounted on one end a steering cylinder (21) made of two tubes of different diameters passing to the camshaft (14). and which enter therein sealed by radial seals (29) and (30) connected by a control lever (53) which passes through a slot in the head of the motor (3) and which has a reciprocally opposite opening for the inner and an outer tube which are sealed to the cylindrical opening in the head by radial (26) and four front segments (27), pressed by bent plates (28), with four openings made in the head of the block (3) against the openings of the cylindrical manhole (21), of which the upper and the lower are connected to the overflow pipe (31), in which the plunger oil pump (69) is mounted ), and to one side opening for the control valve (21) is attached the evaporation cylinder (20), which consists of two cylindrical vessels welded into each other, the gap between them is filled with heat-accumulating medium (liquid salts, alkali metal), in which the electrical resistance heaters (19) are mounted, on both bottoms are h water nozzles (32) with small peripheral openings and a central opening closed by a conical needle, which are connected to a multi-cylinder variable-flow water axial-piston pump (35) operated by a pedal (38) and provided with an electric motor (36) and switch (37), there is a temperature sensor (34) and a safety valve (68), and also the combustion chamber (1) is poured into the motor unit (1). 2) lined internally with thermal insulation material (45) in which the evaporator cylinder (20) is fitted with gas and liquid fuel burners (39), a solid fuel hearth (41) and trays (44), an ignition device (40) and closed a solid fuel hopper (42), which is separated from the combustion chamber (2) by the shut-off valves (43), is connected to the lid (46) above it, and to the other side opening in the head (3) is mounted opposite the control valve. the steam turbine (49), connected via the belt wheels (51) to the fan (47) and the dynamo (50), and to the flange with the cone the steam conduit (4S), in which the central blinds (11) and side (52) are connected to a lever system with each other, with heat exchange pipes (9) installed in the block (1) under the control valve (21) and the exhaust pipe (10), the outlet end of the crankshaft (7) ends with slots on which the toothed wheel (12) is mounted and which are directly connected to the drive wheels or devices and the motor is controlled by a key (67). Integral motor according to claim 1, characterized in that for cars and tractors each drive of your axle has its own motor with a single block (1) in which two crankshafts (7) are mounted with piston-reel groups of- for left and right wheels, at least three pieces for each individually connected internally by means of couplings (24), on a slot shaft (22), mounted in the crankshaft main shafts (7) of encapsulated rolling bearings (23) and the sleeves (24) are guided by a fork (25), with two gas camshafts in the head (3). (14), between which a two-pass control valve (21) is mounted. Integral motor according to Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that a solar coil (55) is made on the vehicle body, representing parabolic cylindrical reflectors (56), in the focus of which is a tube with vertical ribs (57). , the reflector being covered with a transparent material (58), and the tubes are filled with a heat storage medium from the evaporation cylinder (20) connected thereto by a circulation pump (54). Integral motor according to Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that at the outlet end of the crankshaft (7) are mounted on the slots brake disks (15) with magnetized sectors on their periphery, covered by the windings (16) which are connected by the brake pedal (17) through the switch (18) to the electrical resistance heaters (.1.9) in the evaporation cylinder (20), the same devices being mounted on the non-driven wheels Integral motor according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that a capsule with fuel (65) / containing an oxidizer / with a igniter (66) is attached to a flange made on the evaporation cylinder (20).