BE344429A - - Google Patents

Description

       

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  "Fully automatic, electrically operated absorption refrigeration installation intended particularly for domestic needs."
A refrigeration cabinet of the absorption system, intermittently operating and fully automatic, must, in order to meet practical requirements, meet the following conditions:
1.) Switching on and off of the boiling period must take place automatically.

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  2. My quantity of liquid therefore cond4nodt the amount $ trlgot1: tlque. dolvtmt âtra a'P1n'oxtmatty¯en \ the same for all t <M! MtuMt <4t cold water, 3 *? i * a'bsQ ï9 trêvapomteur (ur must * h short intervals -cd "odiqueub approximately after each perlodo dtd- bUl11tton .. its automatic removal of the solvent results in 4 * 1 tomatic and having to act against the lack of water and the flow of water in between too great a reduction in the flow of this one had a general crack and against the o'bstaoles supposing to the cooling of the c-ondensaur. -pr4vuo * 5 these seOU't1td devices also automatically trigger the mprloo of the rooe.BU8 4té'bul1ttton Interrom'Pu.

   4S that the eondangetty receives again sufficient food from Circulation yes, in a way generated * when the refrigeration of the condenser has become exhausting again * 6s The resumption of the -bubble period after 1) the refrigeration mode must depend on a thamoscope measuring the temperature of the cabinet the regular or (and) diun while requiring that c-na period of t1bUIU.tlon -pu1sGa -produce its full and turn off during the retreat mode which reads it. It follows before that a non- 'Velle -0el-iodine of ébttlt1tlon was their the 1 la t4m.00 "ratura voyome of it refrigerated armtre that must be adjustable at volcnté and 4th.

   within wide limits * 8 *) ± * will sit trlg, or1t1que must be able to be adapted to usual currents of any kind, of any voltage and of
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 any frequency
 EMI2.3
 He knew the quantity of condensed liquid 4vwpcrâe d31'iS a> 1 :: ': -, ch1nq. tr1al "ifiq11e 11 abaomtion At P.

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 intermittent operation, depends on the one hand on the final boiling temperature and on the other hand on the temperature of the cooling water used. If it is desired to keep the cooling capacity of such a machine approximately constant for various cold water temperatures, it is generally necessary to make a correction to the final boiling temperature.



   Usually, the boiling process is stopped automatically by means of thermostats. However, such thermostatic devices are in themselves, in general, quite complicated and constitute delicate precision devices.



   These devices become even more complicated and delicate when their operation must be corrected by other thermostats whose operation depends, for example, on the temperature of the cold water.



   This is why, in most cases, automatic capacity control has been dispensed with depending on the temperature of the cooling water. From this result other disadvantages. If the filling of the machine and the boiling temperature are adjusted in such a way that the cooling capacity is sufficient for the highest cold water temperature that can occur, it will happen that, for a lower water temperature cold and for the same boiling temperature, the amount of condensed liquid evaporated will greatly exceed the normal figure and, in most cases, it cannot be used entirely for the production of cold,

   especially when the evaporator of the absorption machine is fitted with automatic devices carrying out the return ¯ of the entrained solvent and on which the operation depends

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 of some liquid level. It will then be necessary to return to the boiler the total amount of condensed liquid evaporated in excess and remained inactive, this will result in poor thermal efficiency of the machine, a longer boiling period and more intense heating of the refrigeration cabinet during heating. boiling period.



   According to the present invention all of these disadvantages are avoided by the fact that the end of the boiling period is exclusively a function of the level of the condensed liquid in the evaporator or in a collector provided in front of it. This level, referred to here as the maximum level, which simultaneously also ensures the maximum possible cooling capacity of the evaporator under the given conditions, activates an electrical contact and, through this, any appropriate relay, the current of which triggers. a switch device which ends the boiling period.



   The electrical contact device in the evaporator consists, usefully, of a kind of electric spark plug provided with two electrodes insulated against the mass or with an insulated electrode and the other uninsulated connected to the ground in connection. with a float device closing the relay circuit by the spark plug.



   When the product of the condensation of the refrigerant medium contains entrained solvent, the specific weight of this condensate is modified and the float causing the initiation of the boiling process plunges, depending on the degree of purity of the condensate, more or less deeply ; thus, it does not always actuate the electrical contact device when the same level of the condensed liquid has been reached. Of

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 therefore, the quantity of refrigerant liquid evaporated per boiling period and, consequently, the refrigerating capacity of the apparatus, will be different depending on whether the condensate contains more or less solvent.

   In addition, the production of cold will be reduced by the mere fact of the presence of larger quantities of solvent in the condensate, due to this than large quantities of refrigerant liquid. retained in the evaporator by the solvent, do not evaporate and therefore do not produce cold.



   The proposed object of evaporating a constant quantity of refrigerant liquid and thus of maintaining constant the production of cold, is therefore not achieved by the device alone. float contact ensuring the triggering of the boiling process; instead, a device must be added which automatically returns the entrained solvent so that the evaporator is always supplied with condensate of equal purity. It is only in this way that a machine is obtained which regulates itself with precision. Even more difficult than the automatic triggering of the boiling period is the automatic re-engagement of the latter.



   The devices adapted for this purpose to compression refrigeration machines cannot be applied to absorption refrigeration machines operating intermittently or else their use involves significant disadvantages.



   It is not possible, without special precautions, to re-engage the boiling process only according to the temperature of the enclosure and to the

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 using a thermoscope because, in this case, for example when it comes to the first refrigeration of a room, it often happens that the boiling period which has just ended , cannot produce its effect, or in a very poor proportion, in a subsequent period of evaporation.



   It is also wrong and inopportune to wish, as other inventors have already proposed, to perform both the automatic switching on and the automatic triggering of the boiling process only by means of a contact device by float because, in this case, a boiling period and a refrigeration period necessarily follow each other immediately, so that the desired temperature cannot be maintained in the refrigeration cabinet.



   This is also valid for another solution proposed according to which the automatic re-engagement of the boiling period is carried out according to the pressure or the temperature of the evaporator instead of this operation being a function of the temperature of the evaporator. enclosure or (and) a circuit breaker.



   These values are also not invariable and they cannot serve as a basis for a well-defined operation.



  They depend, on the one hand and to a large extent, on the temperature of the cooling water, the purity of the condensate and other similar factors; on the other hand, there is a well-defined pressure or temperature at least twice in each temperature diagram of the evaporation period: once at the start of the refrigeration period when the evaporator is cooled. - tor and, later, again when the temperature rises.

   There can therefore be no question of a

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 rationalization of the production of cold from the condensate generated during the immediately preceding period of boiling, just as it cannot be a well-defined task of regulating and maintaining the temperature of the water. refrigerated cabinet.



   These obvious defects are avoided, according to the present invention, on the one hand, by the fact that the re-engagement of the boiling process is obtained as a function of a level of condensate which can vary at will within wide limits and by means of a contact device actuated by a float and isolated against earth and by a thermoscope controlling the temperature of the enclosure to be cooled or (and) by a night current switch, this reclosing being blocked until '' at the moment when the desired normal temperature prevailing in the enclosure is reached or (and) until night current is available and, on the other hand, due to the fact that during the duration of the blocking the condensate continues to be evaporated in the evaporator and cooling continues.



   To these devices ensuring automatic and well-determined operation belong, according to this invention, as mentioned above, certain safety devices exceeding the usual limit against stopping and, respectively, against an excessive reduction in the flow rate. cooling water or, in general, against obstacles preventing the cooling of the condenser.



   These safety devices, which can be found next to the other usual devices (safety valve, breaker plate, etc.), must not only trigger the boiling process when the cooling of the condenser is totally or partially suppressed.

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 award-winning (ie as long as the pressures do not come out too high) but they must also perform an automatic restart of the boiling process when the cooling of the condenser has returned to about normal.



   In order to be able to be used everywhere, a domestic refrigerating cabinet must also offer the possibility of being easily installed at any location for each voltage, type of current or number of periods: in addition, the normal temperature of the refrigerating cabinet must can be conveniently adjusted from the outside within certain limits. Convenience is further increased when, not only the normal temperature is set, but also when the oscillations thereof can be read every moment outside of 1 refrigeration cabinet.



   The present invention is described below in more detail:
Figures 1 and 2 each show schematically a control and, respectively, an arrangement for the initiation and re-engagement of the boiling process as a function of the temperature of the refrigerating cabinet and the temperature of the boiling chamber. cooled enclosure or (and) a night current switch, consisting of:

   a.) a main circuit H supplied by a network, fitted with a main switch A controlling the working phase and a secondary switch B, serving as a safety device, independent of the first and controlled by a secondary circuit III in connection with a regulating and measuring device for the cooling water.

   b.) a secondary circuit 1 with 2 current breakers S1, S2, the first of which is synchronous, or more or less,

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 with the main switch and the second of which is closed by a float actuated by the maximum level of the condensed liquid in the evaporator or in the collector or by the minimum level in the boiler = absorber, this float being in connection with two electrodes isolated against the mass or one of these Insulated and the other with earth connection.

   c.) a secondary circuit II with 2 or more sectionings S3, S4, S5, S6, the first of which is opposed to the main circuit, the second of which is closed depending on the level of the condensed liquid, which can be reduced in li- desired moths or of a similar level in the absorber by means of floats and two electrodes isolated against the mass or one of these isolated and the other with earth connection, the third of which is blocked by a thermoscope T measuring the temperature of the cabinet and the fourth of which is blocked, if necessary, entirely by a night current switch (N, N "). The night current switch can also be placed at any place (NI 'of the main circuit, before or after the heating source.



   The third and fourth disconnections can also be replaced by a fourth secondary circuit (IV) with one or two disconnections actuated by a thermoscope measuring the temperature of the refrigerating cabinet or (and) a night current switch, the fourth secondary circuit mechanically and temporarily blocking the action of the third secondary circuit (Fig. 2).



   The thermoscope T is conveniently used at the same time as a thermometer with external reading of the temperature of

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 the refrigerated cabinet and its contact can be easily adjusted from the outside without opening the cabinet to a desired normal temperature and within wide limits.



   In figures 1 and 2 the following annotations designate: 1 boiler = absorber, 2 the countercurrent condenser, 3 a preliminary condenser or water separator,
 EMI10.1
 4 l evaporator
The refrigerant (for example ammonia) expelled from the boiler - absorber 1 by the action of the heating elements 5 arrives, in a known manner, over the water separator 3, condenser 2 and condensed liquid pipe.
 EMI10.2
 6, as a liquid in the evaporator 4.



   In the latter are preferably placed in one or more attached domes, a dehydration device described below and two float devices 7 and 8 also described below and which open and close the relay circuits according to the level of the condensed liquid, these circuits controlling the triggering and respectively the re-engagement of the boiling process, using contact devices (contact spark plugs), the two electrodes of which are insulated against ground or one of which electrode (short in the vapor chamber) is insulated against the ground and the other electrode (long immersed in the refrigerant) is insulated against the ground but with earth connection.



   (The main circuit is designated in Figures 1 and 2 by H, the first secondary circuit by I, the second by II, the third by III, the fourth (Fig. 2) by IV).



   The main current line H leads first from the positive blade Q of the network to the isolation of the main current A

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 which is continued, preferably, by a liquid rocker switch or a rotary switch.



   From here the main current line H goes to one secondary switch B which constitutes, as we said at the beginning, a device for safety and metering of the cooling water, the latter being described below, in order to reach the heating elements 5 and to reach from here the negative pole 10 of the network.



   The secondary currents I :, 'II, III, IV, also branch off from the positive pole 9 and terminate at the negative pole 10. The disconnections Si and S3 for the secondary circuits 1 and III and respectively II are, for the sake of simplicity, combined with the disconnection A and shown in the figures by a six-pole switch, they can, of course, also be produced separately on the condition that their engagement position is arranged in accordance with that of the current switch main, as drawn in the two figures.



   The secondary current 1 leads from the positive pole to the isolating SI which opens and closes at the same time, or with a slight delay, as the isolating A, and from here to an electromagnet 11 which cuts, at the moment of the excitation, A and Si, closing on the other hand 83, Of the magnet 11 the secondary circuit 1 led to the float contact device 8 located in the evaporator 4 and provided with the secondary circuit S2 isolating which closes when the maximum level of the condensed liquid is reached and, from here, to the negative pole 10.



   The isolation A and SI as well as the establishment of the contact in S3 by the electromagnet excites 11, occurs as follows:

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On an axis 12 perpendicular to the plane of the figure and rotating freely, are rigidly fixed, the switches A, Si and S3, a bracket 13 and a rest lever 14, so that the whole system rotates in the same meaning.



   If the electromagnet is excited by the secondary circuit I the iron caliper 13 is attracted until it has touched the core of the magnet 11, thus reaching its original horizontal position (operating position ) for which A and if were closed, S3 was open, together with A, Si and S3 and lever 14, in the inclined position shown in Figures 1 and 2 and for which
A and Si are open, S3 is closed, so that the heating circuit H is interrupted at A although B is still horizontal and gives contact, and the heating at 5 ceases.



   The lever 14 slightly pushes down the hook 15 located under the action of the spring 16, until it is caught and the group A, Si, S3, 13, 14 is retained in this position. Circuit III was, during the horizontal position of group A, SI, S3, 13, 14 (operating position) closed in SI, magnet 17 was therefore energized, the water metering valve of cooling 18, the operation of which is described below, was set to a large quantity of water, the cooling water measuring and distribution member 19 was in a horizontal position due to the formation of the level and the supplement. of weight to the right and, therefore, the sectioning is formed
It is necessary, once the secondary circuit III is interrupted in SI due to the excitation of the magnet 11,

   that the magnet 17 is free of current and lets go of the

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 adjustment of the cooling water 1, which therefore, under the action of the spring 20, regulates the small amount of cooling water required during the cooling period. As a result, the dipstick d The cooling water lq is empty, swings under the influence of the counterweight 21 to the left and empties the small quantity of water, not in the cooling water discharge pipe 22, but in a pipe 23 which acts as a cooling coil in the boiler.



   In this way, as we will explain below, the automatic emptying of the evaporator is carried out and, in connection with this operation, the cooling or absorption period is initiated,
Circuit II was, during the boiling period open at S3,
During the automatic emptying or immediately after, S2 is opened again. Once the circuit 1 has been opened in Si, during tripping or immediately after, it is cut in two places and the magnet II is free of current.



   Circuit II is, throughout the duration of the cooling period, closed in S3. but in 85 or (and) S6 (Fig. 1) as well as first of all in S4, cut (Figs. 1 and 2).



   When the level of the condensed liquid 24 is reached in the evaporator, this level being able to vary within wide limits, the sectioning S4 is closed by the weight of the float device 7.



   If the contact of the thermometer S5 or (and) the contact of the night current switch (N, NI) is at this moment already closed, a new period of boiling begins immediately.

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 diatement. This takes place when a cabinet or chamber is cooled for the first time from a relatively high temperature to a cabinet or low chamber temperature because the amount of refrigerant evaporated up to level 24, n ' is not yet sufficient to cool the room down to the set temperature (contact) and, instead, several short boiling and cooling periods are required.



   The level must be measured, in general, so that the cold generated in the state of equilibrium and until level 24 is obtained, is sufficient to fall below the contact temperature. of the thermometer T set in advance (normal temperature of the refrigeration cabinet
In this case, the evaporation of the refrigerant continues after level 24 is reached, possibly until the evaporator is completely emptied and the resumption of the boiling period takes place only when the evaporation, become insufficient, can no longer balance the effect of radiation in the cabinet or when the latter has consumed the excess cold available in the cabinet, so that the contact -temperature is reached from below.

   This is sometimes the case when the contents of the evaporator have evaporated for some time already.



   If now the temperature contact S5 of the thermometer T and the contact of the night current switch (N, Ni) are closed, the entire circuit 2 is closed.



  It follows the excitation of the magnet 25 and its core attracts an armature 26 which by means of a traction member 27 ,.



  (or in the case of another arrangement by means of the pressure member) carries the hook 15 to the snap-in unlike @

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 to the action of the spring 16 which opposes it, while under the spring 28, the group A, SI, S3, 13, 14, returns to the horizontal operating position. Then A and if are closed and S3 interrupted. By interrupting S3, magnet 25 immediately becomes current-free and spring 16 pulls lever 15 below lever 14 until it touches latch 29. The main circuit is then closed at A, but is still provisionally cut at B, because the cooling water gauge pan 19 is still in its tilting position.



   The secondary circuit III is closed in SI and the magnet 17 is energized, attracting the cooling water valve 18 which, therefore, regulates the large quantity of water (operation). The cooling water dipstick 19 fills and swings right back into its horizontal position, until it rests on the latch 30. In this way, contact B is also closed and the heating elements 5 receive current.



   Circuit 1 is interrupted due to the fact that while having the contact in SI, it is lacking in S2.



   From that moment, the same cycle begins again.



  S4 first remains closed until the level in the evaporator has risen to 24. Then S4 opens, so that circuit II is cut in two places.



   When the level 31 is reached, the float 8 again closes the spark plug contact S2 and also the circuit I, which causes the stopping of the boiling period.



   The arrangement shown in Fig. 2 differs from that shown in Fig. I, as the thermometer contact T or (and) the current switch of

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 night (N, N ") has been placed in a special secondary circuit IV which, when closed, exits a magnet 32.



   In front of this magnet 32 is placed, in a guide slide 33, the stop lever 34 which is retained, towards the left, by a spring 35, as long as the magnet 32 is not energized and prevents the attraction of the armature 26 by the latching magnet 25, If the magnet 32 is energized due to the obtaining of the contact of the thermometer or (and) of the night current, the stop lever 34 is pulled out to the right and delivers the frame 26 which is pulled to the right by the magnet 25 and pro-
 EMI16.1
 thus evokes the re-engagement.



   A considerably simplified arrangement compared to the two arrangements which we have just described is represented by FIGS. 3 and 6 in various phases of operation.



   It differs from the first two arrangements, mainly by the fact that only one magnet is needed, only one float device and only two bipolar liquid switches.



   The bodies represented by the figures above are designated by the same numbers as long as they agree with those of Figures 1 and 2.



   The arrangement consists of: a.) A main or heating circuit H connected to the network with a main disconnection A (rocking liquid contact or rotating contact, and with a secondary disconnection B (safety contact) which leads, by passing by the heating elements 5, at the negative pole 10, b. () a secondary circuit 1 which, starting from the positive pole 9 and passing through a magnet 11, joins an electrode of the

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 spark plug contact controlled by float 7 and leads, from the second electrode of the spark plug contact with a single isolation SI between the electrodes of the spark plug, to the negative pole 10.

   c.) a secondary circuit II which, starting from the electrodes of the contact spark plug, passes through the terminals of a contact thermometer measuring and regulating the temperature of the room and provided with a disconnection if between the electrodes of the spark plug at contact and an S2 disconnection in the contact thermometer. d.) a secondary circuit III placed between the terminals of the contact thermometer and provided with a disconnection D, in the form of a pivoting contact. Circuit III can also be deleted.



   Figure 3 shows that phase of operation where the cooling period is almost completed. The heating current H is cut off following the sectioning at A and B, the level of condensed liquid in the evaporator has fallen to 36, the float 7 has opened the sectioning, Si, the circuit secondary 1 is connected to the parallel secondary circuit II passing through the right electrode of the spark plug 37, then passes through the left terminal 39 of the contact thermometer and going to the closed section S2 of the thermometer T whose temperature indicator Z, during the development of the cooling period, has fallen below the contact of the thermometer set to the normal temperature of the cabinet,

   going from here and passing through the right terminal of thermometer 38, to the left electrode of the spark plug 40 and, from the, in its old direction to the negative pole 10.



    @

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The magnet 11 is therefore energized and the armature 13 rotating around the point 12 of the magnet support 41 is attracted by the core of the magnet contrary to the action of the pressure spring 20.



   Frame 13 carries the mercury rocker contact
A (main current switch) which, in this 13 position, is open.



   In addition, the frame 13 is connected by the intermediary of a bracket 42 with the cooling water adjustment member 19 which, here, operates in the opposite direction with respect to FIGS. 1 and 2, are in its lowest position when the armature is closed, allowing only small amounts of water necessary for the cooling process to pass through.



   The cooling water gauge pan 19 is emptied and, under the action of the counterweight 21, has tilted to the left, so that the quantity of cooling water is poured into the coil 23 of the boiler and maintains the absorption of the cooling effect.



   The safety rocker switch B has opened in this position of the rocker 19, also the contact, so that the main circuit is twice cut.



   If now the temperature of the cabinet (chamber) rises again while evaporation continues or when evaporation is stopped, the contact of the thermometer S2 is finally open again while the contact by spark plug is already open. In this way, the secondary circuit I, II is opened at 82¯ and the magnet 11 is free of current. Under the influence of spring 20, the magnet armature 13 folds upwards and closes the main disconnection A. At the same time

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 the caliper 42 is pulled upwards with the adjusting member 18, this regulates the large quantity of water, the container 19 fills up and tilts to the right until it rests on the stopper 30 .

   Thus the contact B is also closed, so that the heating elements 5 receive current and the large quantity of cooling water no longer flows through the coil 23 of the boiler, but through the evacuation pipe. cuation 22.



   The boiling period is thus initiated. During this the temperature indicator Z of the contact thermometer T rises by about 2-30 C and the contact of the thermometer is wide open.



   The float contact spark plug which is configured as a time delay contact, as described below, i.e. the SI spark plug contact remains open when the level of the condensed liquid in the evaporator rises until that the prescribed maximum level 31 has been reached and that the float has reached its highest position, from where it activates a mechanism establishing spark plug contact (fig.5).



   Thus the switch of the secondary circuit Si is thus closed and, concurrently, the circuit I passing through the contact thermometer is also closed (S2 is still cut off). The magnet 11 is energized and attracts the armature 13 by opening A, so that the heating circuit H is interrupted.



   At the same time the valve 18 is pushed downwards by the yoke 42, whereby the small quantity of water for cooling is regulated. The container 19 empties and tilts under the influence of the counterweight 21 to the left, also interrupting contact B; the small amount of water

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 cooling flows through the coil 23 of the boiler, first causes the automatic emptying of the evaporator, as described below, and maintains, after completion of this emptying, the absorption process.



   Figure 6 shows another characteristic phase of operation, once the level of the condensed liquid
24 has been reached during evaporation, the float 7 has not yet caused the opening of the spark plug contact Si. However, in the cabinet, cold has been generated in an amount such that the indicator Z of the thermoscope T, has dropped below the determined contact temperature. Evaporation therefore continues normally even, if immediately thereafter. the SI contact is opened by the float 7, because the secondary circuit is now closed (see fig. 3) by the contact thermometer and the magnet 11 remains energized.



   The purpose of the door contact D is to prevent premature reclosing and thus to save current if, due to the cabinet or the room being left open inadvertently, contact S2 is opened prematurely at a time when the contact Si had already opened (level in the evaporator between 24 and 36) (see fig. 3 and 6).



   Door contact D is closed when the door of the refrigeration cabinet is open and conversely open when the door of 1 refrigeration cabinet is closed.



   The construction of the float and that of the contact spark plugs is shown in Figures 7 and 8, Figure 7 shows the construction of the float and the spark plugs for the diagram according to Figures 1 and 2 and Figure 8 the arrangements of the float contact and to retardation according to figures 3 and 6.

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   The two constructions have certain important features in common, but they differ in other important details.



   The question of the float and the contact spark plugs presents rather important constructive and principle difficulties owing to which, so far, no practical construction allowing to solve and to overcome these difficulties in a satisfactory way, has not been made. still know. These difficulties will be briefly discussed here for a specific refrigerant, ammonia.



   Ammonia condensed at a temperature of about
25 0 is an unusually light liquid, weighing approximately 0.6. A float capable of floating on such a liquid, and which, moreover, must possess an excess of usable upward force, say, to generate pressure or to perform work, must in general be of extremely light construction.



   On the other hand, the maximum operating pressure in intermittently operating ammonia absorbers is, depending on the temperature of the cooling water, 10 to 12 atmospheres. Assuming a 3 to 4 times safety factor, the floats should be constructed for a destruction limit of 30 to 40 effective atmospheres.



   To this is added as an additional requirement, that the material of construction of the float is not attacked considerably by the refrigerant, even after long years of operation.



   In the case of Figure 7, these requirements are relatively easier to achieve by the arrangement of counterweights 43, 44 which makes it possible to balance the own weight of the waves.

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 rates up to a desired percentage; in this way, it is possible to choose, for the floats, a material of a specific weight and a resistance chosen ad libitum and comprising fairly strong wall thicknesses while obtaining an excess of upward force making it possible to obtain the pressure required at the point of contact. In addition, the construction of the floats can also be chosen ad libitum.



   The conditions are clearly different and cause more difficulties in the case of figure 8. Here the float must not only have sufficient own lifting force to be able to float itself, but it must still lift the rod 45 and the balance weight 46 ensuring contact after the triggering and during the first part of the cooling period, (up to level 24) (see Fig. 6) and must overcome, in addition, various not insignificant friction resistances. .



   It has been determined, by means of many and long tests and calculations, that this problem can only be solved by choosing as the material of the float, duralumin sheet in relation to the construction and execution described above. .



   Duralumin is slightly attacked by ammonia, but already after a few days a thin gray protective film forms on its surface which protects the material below against further destruction. The same goal is achieved by lightly chroming the surface.



   The specific gravity of duralumin is very little greater than that of aluminum; its tenacity, on the other hand, is equivalent, when it is refined, to that of a good steel.



   Refining takes place by means of heating ranging from 400 to 5000 C and a consequent storage of several days.

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   Regarding the construction and execution of the floats, the following should be said:
The float consists of two halves, ie two equal hollow bodies 7a and 7b which preferably have a cylindrical shape and are joined together by a transverse weld 7c in a tight and solid body,
The float halves 7a and 7b are hot-drawn at a temperature of 400-500 ° C. in a suitable sheet, that is to say without the thickness thereof being reduced. It is not advisable to press in such a way as to reduce the thickness of the sheet, since the material tends to show cracks.



   The weld 7c however causes, in its immediate surroundings, a certain reduction in the solidity of the material which cannot have a detrimental effect if one considers the conformation of the deformation at break and which seems to be more than compensated for. by the addition of material by welding.



   The float therefore has a single short weld and, therefore, it will also have a very low own weight compared to a float having a longitudinal weld and two transverse welds.



   For guiding and protecting the float against transport damage and ingress of dirt, in the mechanism shown in figure 8 described later, the latter is surrounded by a tube 47 closed at its lower end and serving float guide. this tube has small orifices 48, 49, so that the condensed liquid penetrates without obstacle to the float and that the level in the tube is the same as outside this tube. Tube 47 can be

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 rigidly connected with the evaporator instead of with the spark plug (e.g. to the press, to the solder, etc ...)
Small guide bosses 50 prevent the formation of capillary forces between the float and the guide tube which could result in retention or sticking of the float.



   Another essential characteristic of the invention consists in the elimination of the supply of the current to the contact of the float located in the gas chamber as well as the departure of the current from here. This current addition must be, as has already been said, carried out by passing through two electrodes insulated against the mass or by an electrode insulated against the mass but with earth connection.



   The place where the current is introduced is required, in addition to excellent insulation qualities, sufficient strength to withstand the always very high operating pressures, absolute tightness against gas leaks and that there is no not, even after long years of operation, corrosions due to the refrigerant agent and this replacement can hardly be considered.



   All these conditions have been fulfilled flawlessly, as extensive and long-term tests have demonstrated, by a spark plug body 51 consisting of pure para rubber and without filler, half hard or even hardened to the li - moth - To be reached with this material. This limit is below the hardness of ordinary ebonite.



   This spark plug body 51, which encloses the current input wires 53, 54, consists of an upper part and a lower part, both cylindrical, of small diameter, and of an intermediate part of slightly diameter. stronger.

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   The middle and lower portions are inserted into a fitted thread 52, the lower portion preferably protruding slightly. If now the thickest part of the spark plug body 51 is subjected to pressure by clamping a gland follower 55 in the thread 52, the rubber, remained somewhat plastic and forming the intermediate part of the spark plug. , cannot yield on any side and thus creates a very effective sealing pressure on all the lines of its periphery: it also forms a seal against the inner wall of the thread 52, as well as against the surface of the threads. electrodes 53, 54. The seal is absolutely complete.



   The electrical isolation of the float contact device by means of the combination described, however, is not yet perfect.



   It is also necessary to isolate the float itself making contact against the two current inlets 53, 54.



   Pure liquid ammonia is referred to in all scientific textbooks as an absolute electrical non-conductor. However, the inventor's tests have shown that its conductivity is however large enough to give rise to disturbances in the switching and tripping circuits and, in particular, in the excitation of the magnets.



   If there is an earth connection in the network, it suffices to connect the electrode 54 (fig. 7 or if necessary, fig. 8) electrically connected to the float, with the earth connection which, in this case, takes the position of the negative polo shirt 10 and of figure 1. If, on the other hand, there is no

 <Desc / Clms Page number 26>

 earth, the float must be insulated against the contact mechanism itself.



   This is done in fig. 7, on the one hand from the fact that the electrode 54, immersed in the condensed liquid and which serves as a guide for the float, is insulated, at least over the distance which may have contact with the float or with the liquid, unless this electrode is made in an insulating material and, on the other hand, because the connecting chain 56 of the floats 7 and 8 with the contact bridge 57, contains an insulating link 58
In the case of Figure 8, this insulating link 58 is replaced by the bridge 59 isolating the float.



   The level designated in fig. 7 by 31, represents the maximum level that can be reached by the product of condensation during operation. In accordance with this invention, the current conducting parts therefore do not come into contact with the condensed liquid but, on the other hand, they are in permanent contact with the vapor of the NH3 refrigerant which, according to the invention. the tests, has a conductivity that is barely measurable and, consequently, can never cause disturbances in the operation of the electrical control devices.



   With regard to the delayed contact device, fig. 8 Note the following:
The contact device is housed here in a casing 68 divided into two or more parts and executed in soapstone, stecolith, porcelain, good quality ebonite, or another suitable ceramic mass, and which is rigidly connected by the current arrivals 53, 54 to the spark plug body 51.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 27>

 



   In addition, to the current inlet 53 is a contact plate 61, notched and placed at the lower part, on or near the wall of the insulating casing; to the current inlet 54 is also connected a contact bracket 52 notched several times, and whose two lower ends form the pivots 65 for the bridge 59,
This bridge is constructed from an insulating material (ebonite, soapstone, stecolith, porcelain, glass, or other), however, provided with a metallic bearing bridge 63 for the sphere 46 and rotating around the pivot 65 of the contact bracket 62. This rolling bridge is concave at its upper part so that the sphere can roll freely in a groove without grazing the wall of the casing.

   This bridge is also provided in its middle with two lateral flanges or clips (see fig. 8a) on which the pivots: 65 of the caliper 62 roll, so that the sphere 46 is always in connection with the arrival current 54.



   In the isolated lower part of 59, there is fixed a point 60 in connection with the guided rod 45, causing the tilting of the bridge 5 to the left when the float 7. at the moment when the level of the condensed liquid 31 is reached, exerts a pressure from bottom to top against rod 45. The sphere then rolls to the left, it simultaneously touches 61 and 63 and thus establishes the conductive connection between the two current inlets 53 and 54.



   If now, after the start of evaporation, the float 7 gradually lowers, the sphere 46 acts as ballast and maintains the conductive connection between 53 and 54 until the float 7, after reaching a

 <Desc / Clms Page number 28>

 level of the condensation product located between 24 and 36, pulls, thanks to a large part of its own weight, on the chain 56 and the rod 45, so that the bridge 59 is tilted to the right. In this way the magnet excitation circuit is interrupted and heating can begin.



   Transportable domestic installations (household refrigerating cabinets) which are usually sent to all countries must be able to be connected without special knowledge of the electrical distribution of current of any kind, frequency and voltage. .



   The automatic controls according to fig. 1 are for this reason connected, according to the invention, according to Figures 9, 9a to of and those of Figures 3 to 6 according to Figures 10, 10a to 10c. Both schemes are based on the same new principle.



   . This principle consists in that the various circuits are fixed on a basic diagram which is the same for all types of current, all voltages and all frequencies (fig. 9 and 10), while the desired voltages are coupled by unit of tension, by means of a system of superimposed bars. the nature of the current and the frequencies being taken into account by a simple change of the magnets.



   The magnets are, for this purpose, divided into individual coils with a voltage unit, from p. e., 110 volts, while the heating elements also have a voltage unit of 110 volts.



   This is how network voltages from 95 to 125 volts (fig. 9a, 9d and 10a) from 190 to 250V can be used.



  (fig. 9b, 9c and 10b) as well as from 380 to 350 Volts (fig. 9c, 9f and 10c) /.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 29>

 



   Intermediate voltages can be established using sockets of around 80 volts, optionally also by the use of 80 volt unit windings on the magnets.



   The diagrams 9a to 9c are those of the terminals of the magnets, Fig. Qd to qf the diagrams for the heating sockets of the control device according to fig. 1.



   In the diagrams fig, 10a to 10c for the control arrangements according to fig. 3 to 6, a-f denote the connection of the heating sockets, IA to IE., IIA toIIE, IIIA to IIIE.



    IVA IVE the connection of magnets,
In fig. 9 the arrangements of the magnets I to III correspond to the arrangements of the magnets 11, 25 and 17 of the control arrangement, according to fig. 1.



   Only two kinds of magnets are used, one magnet with alternating current and the other with direct current. Alternating current is connected in one phase, like alternating current, so that only one pair of rocker switches is sufficient.



   The magnets are exchanged in the simplest way by tapping on the core, as shown in figures 11 and 12. The terminals IA to IVA and IE to IVE on the cylinder head always remain the same and the magnet is immediately connected. properly. Fig. 11 shows the arrangement in elevation and FIG. 12 in plan.



   The fixed yoke 66 is provided with an articulation 67 around which moves an armor or armor 68 and an arm 69 serving as a core. The coil 70 of the magnet is movable but it cannot rotate on the core 69 and it is only fixed by means of a knurled nut 71 or respectively protected against sliding to the right and to the left during transport.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 30>

 



   The nut 71 also ensures the pressure of the contact terminals.



   The rigid terminals 72 of the magnet press on the corresponding terminals 73 of the magnet yoke and in this way they ensure good contact at all times. The spring 74 ensures the lifting of 1 armor when the magnet is free of current which causes the lifting of the water valve.
18 (fig. 3-6) and establishing the full water regime.



   After straightening the arm 68 and loosening the nut 71, the coil 70 can be pulled up and replaced with one for which the terminal connection is suitable without modification.



   In order to be able to achieve the coupling of the voltages in a very simple manner by means of said connection strips, so that this operation can be carried out without special technical knowledge, the following device has been adopted which will be explained in more detail. by means, p. e. figs. 10, 10a, 10b and 10c.



   The fixed connection terminals a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h,
IA, IE, IIA, IIE, IIIA, IIIE, IVA, IVE, are extended and threaded through an insulating plate, p. e. in ebonite, in fiber, etc ... drilled accordingly on this insulating plate, a sheet of paper with identical perforations and bearing the inscription of the tensions, is placed on this insulating plate, sheet on which are intended, in natural size, in accordance with at the listed voltages, the connections 10a, respectively 10c, from terminal to terminal.



   In this way, it suffices that the strips supplied in corresponding number and size are placed on the terminals and connected with them, so that the image drawn on the paper is exactly covered. Coupling in (voltage is thus ready.

 <Desc / Clms Page number 31>

 



   Then, the nature of the current and the frequency are obtained by tapping the corresponding magnet coils on the arm 69 of the cylinder head (fig. II) *
Coupling the voltages is even simpler when the three combinations of strips for three voltage intervals are supplied with the refrigeration cabinet. fique in the form of a body ready to be connected to the choice and according to the needs, stitched on the basic diagram. In this way, each diagram is obtained with a minimum of work and knowledge, at any place where the voltage, nature or current and frequency are not known in advance. This greatly facilitates the sale and remote installation of refrigeration cabinets.



   The water purge device indicated above for the evaporator of the absorption machine is shown schematically in Figures 13 to 21 and described briefly below.



   The return of the absorption liquid impeded in the evaporator during the expulsion of the vapors of the refrigerating agent and this despite the use of a pre-condenser has hitherto offered in absorption refrigeration machines in operation. intermittent, the biggest difficulties.



  Most of the devices of this nature known hitherto have fulfilled their function only to an entirely insufficient degree and they require difficult handling which is particularly unacceptable in automatic domestic machines.



   Most of these devices are based on the principle of creating a pressure rise in the evaporator by an artificial means consisting of the addition

 <Desc / Clms Page number 32>

 from a heating lamp or by pouring hot water into a hollow in the evaporator.



   The device described below, for safe and automatic operation, is based on the use of capillary forces which, according to experience, take on fairly large values and can close with absolute safety, shaped steam orifices. and of suitable dimensions, during the purging of water against an overpressure which can reach one meter of water column and more.



   In figs. 13 and 14 the evaporator of the absorption machine is designated by 4; it is provided with a bag 76 in which accumulates the liquid with a higher specific weight, that is to say that part of the refrigerant which is made impure by the entrained solvent. Into the evaporator penetrates from above to a certain normal level 81, a vapor discharge tube 77 for the return of the vapors of the refrigerant, during the cooling period, to the boiler absorber.

   Into this tube 77 is introduced from below a tube 78 of a slightly smaller diameter which ends, on the one hand, in the pocket 76 of 1 evaporator 4 where it communicates with the surrounding refrigerant liquid containing soil. front and, on the other hand, at its upper part, somewhat exceeds the maximum level 31 established at the end of the boiling period, The outer diameter of this tube 78 is determined so as to leave a space annular 79 in the tube 77, the section and length of which are measured so that, during the water purge,

     a capillary force of such magnitude is created in the annular space that after completion of the boiling period and beginning of the cooling of the boiler operation resulting in a difference in

 <Desc / Clms Page number 33>

 pressure in relation to the evaporator, there is no rise of rich liquid or, at least, no appreciable extent, The tube can also wrap the tube 77 from below with a suitable capillary clearance (fig. 15 and 16).



   If now, after completion of the boiling period and for the purpose of initiating the cooling period, the cooling water is diverted to the boiler coil 23 (fig. 17 to 21) and, consequently, the boiler is cooled, there results in the latter, as already said, a certain reduction in the pressure which could immediately cause the beginning of the absorption if the annular space 79 were not obstructed by the 'condensed refrigerant stuck against the two walls by the effect of capillarity and forming a sort of plug which evaporates only very slowly. The film of capillary liquid fills the annular space over its entire height, therefore even above level 31.

   This results in siphoning through the tubes 78 and 77 of the liquid from the deepest part 76 of the evaporator where the solvent has accumulated and drawn towards the boiler-absorber and this siphoning lasts, not only as long as the normal gas inlet section in the vapor tube 77 is not cleared at level 81, but still as long as all the film of capillary liquid in space 79 has not evaporated, which results in a new drop from level 81 until the start of evaporation.



  Since in this way the gas inlet section at the start of evaporation is completely free, a very powerful and regular evaporation immediately takes place instead of the slow and irregular evaporation which takes place. pro-

 <Desc / Clms Page number 34>

 would decrease if it started immediately after the level
81 is reached.



   Fig. 14 shows a capillary device of somewhat improved construction. The tube 77 is flared there at its lower part forming the annular capillary space
79, so that it can receive, inside, a tube 78 having the same internal diameter as the non-flared part of
77. In this way, a detrimental change in section is first avoided, interfering with the movement of the liquid along the entire path of its upward suction, and then the capillary effect of the annular space 79 is amplified because the thin annular jet of rich solution generated by the suction effect of the moving liquid column would be forced to change direction at the flare 77 and would find no opportunity to enter the continuous column of liquid flowing from 78 to 77.



   Figs. 17 and 18 show another variant of the device. The tube 7 is, in this case, near its lower part connected to the condensed liquid line 6 and, preferably at a right angle, so that the condensed liquid line is connected on the one hand, with the part at lower by 1 = evaporator and that on the other hand, it communicates freely at its upper part, with the steam chamber and with the gas evacuation tube 77.

   This has first of all the advantage that the solvent which can be entrained during boiling joins, in any circumstance immediately the lowest part of the evaporator into which the tube 78 opens and is deposited there; then the part of liquid containing solvent which, before the start of the suction proper, was also mounted in the condenser 2 up to a

 <Desc / Clms Page number 35>

 certain level 75, is sucked back by the suction effect of the elevator 77, 78 and now also joined by the tubes 78, 77, the boiler = absorber 1.

   Fig. 17 shows the situation immediately before the upward suction; Fig. 18 shows immediately before the end of the transfer during which level 80 has already fallen somewhat below level 81.



   The arrangement is susceptible of many variations from a constructive point of view. For example, figs. 19 and 20 show a construction in which the capillary section 79 is not constituted by an annular space but by a fine and long perforation while in place of the purge tube 78 there is provided a tube of condensed liquid 6 passing through. the condenser. This tube transports, during the boiling period, the condensed liquid towards the evaporator and, at the end of the boiling period, the impure solution of 76 passing through the condenser 2 towards the boiler = absorber 1.

   The vapor return pipe 77 enters through its capillary end 79, up to the normal level 81 (fig. 20). Into the evaporator, but it does not carry any gas towards the boiler as long as the liquid is transported by 6 because the evaportaion is tiny because of its relatively small free section, neither liquid because the capillary forces constitute a much greater resistance compared to, the pipe 6, 2.



   Instead of the purge pipe 6 passing through the condenser 2, one could also, in this case, use for the evacuation of the water a pipe 82 arranged directly below the level of the liquid in the boiler and terminated. sant to part 76 of the evaporator (fig. 21).

 <Desc / Clms Page number 36>

 



   The safety device, mentioned at the beginning, against the lack and respectively against an excessive reduction of the cooling water flow rate and respectively, of the cooling of the condenser device serving at the same time as a cooling water metering device and as a reversing member is described in more detail below in support of FIGS. 22 to 31.



   This device ensures the exact quantity of cooling water for each stage of operation of the appliance, it doses the cooling water for the period of boiling and refrigeration, it inverts the course of the appliance. cooling water, it adjusts the amount of cooling water for the refrigeration process, depending on the temperature of the cooling water and the desired refrigeration rate,

   it automatically eliminates the heating as soon as there is a certain insufficiency of the cooling water quantity for the boiling period and it automatically restores the heating when the cooling water flow has again reached a level. minimum normal without modifying the operating position of the remainder of the control, it adjusts the cooling water to a full or reduced flow rate, independently of the position of the safety tilting container , it automatically reduces the cooling water, in order to avoid losses, when possible (see fig.

   1 and 2) if the current source fails, it controls the normal supply of cooling water when the lack of current has ceased, it interrupts the heating current without the heat source needing to be eliminated when the cooling water is temporarily lacking and it removes' 1 immediately by moderate cooling of the boiler with water

 <Desc / Clms Page number 37>

 under low flow, any pressure rises in the device which have occurred as a result of too little cooling water inlet,
Figures 22, 24 and 25 show, in elevation, such a cooling, dosing and reversing water safety device in various operating positions, while Figure 23 is a sectional view.

   The whole device is placed behind the condenser so that it can check the situation at all times. If, for example, the condenser cooling water line is partially clogged with scale or other impurities and as a result the normal cooling water quantity is reduced by a certain percentage to be determined in advance, the safety device triggered automatically or respectively no longer allows engagement. It is thus indicated that cleaning of the condenser is necessary.



   Unlike other cooling water safety devices, the present device operates only depending on the amount of cooling water passing through h. per minute and regardless of the cooling water pressure. this is why it is not linked to the presence of a determined minimum pressure of the cooling water and it avoids the fault of most of the known cooling water safety devices which allow 1 switching on of the heating source even when the cooling water flow is absolutely insufficient, provided that the necessary water pressure exists.



   83 is the cooling water discharge pipe coming from the condenser. This pipe discharges its contents into one of the compartments 84 of a tilting container 19 divided,

 <Desc / Clms Page number 38>

   according to its height, by a partition 85; container is housed in a distribution box 89 divided also by a partition 88 and is suspended there eccentrically and so as to rotate almost without friction around 87. Compartment 84 of the tilting container 19 has a discharge nozzle. It is also dimensioned in such a way that, for a normal level 91, there flows through the nozzle, per minute, during the boiling period, exactly the quantity of cooling water required.

   The whole of the tilting vessel is, moreover, balanced in such a way, by means of a counterweight q2 fixed on the part opposite the chamber 84, that for a maximum level 93, which corresponds to a quantity of water 'Par barely admissible minute for the boiling period, the chamber
84, still in the extreme horizontal position, is pushed against a catch 30 of the cooling water distribution box 89; but, when the level 93 is no longer reached, this chamber tilts upwards, so that the nozzle 90 is deflected over the intermediate wall 88 and spits into the compartment 95 of the distribution box 89. this compartment being connected by a pipe 96 with the coil of the boiler 23.

   The quantity of water corresponding to level 93 and respectively to a lower level is therefore used for the cooling of the boiler and rapidly eliminates the inadmissible overpressure which could have been established there in the meantime. The chamber 97, which is to the left of the partition 88 of the distribution box 89, empties, via a pipe 98, directly into the discharge funnel.



   If, for some reason, the normal flow rate of cooling water required for the boiling process

 <Desc / Clms Page number 39>

 is higher than expected, the level in the compartment 84 of the container 19 gradually reaches level 9 and it follows that the excess cooling water flows over the crest of the partition 85 and through an orifice d sufficiently sized drain 100 from chamber 101 to left compartment 97 of distribution box 89; from there, through a pipe 98, it also joins the cooling water flow funnel, without an overflow of the receptacle tilting outwards.



   On the tilting vessel 19 is an auxiliary switch B preferably executed in the form of a mercury toggle switch. the latter participates in all the tilting movements of the receptacle 19. It is engaged in the horizontal position shown in Figure 22, and released in the inverted position (Fig. 24, 25).



   This switch is interposed, as it results from FIGS. 2Q to 31 and as explained below, preferably between the switch of the main circuit A and the heating elements 5. The switch of the main circuit A can therefore remain in its operating position while the secondary circuit switch B interrupts or restores the current. In figure 24, the righting moment P2 x b is smaller than the righting moment P1x a in figure 22 and it is no longer sufficient to return the tilting box to the horizontal position. For a slight rise in level 102, the moment P2 x b reaches the necessary value and the vessel is again tilted to the horizontal position, the current being restored.



   Figure 25 shows the arrangement of the vessel in the "refrigeration" position. The reduced flow of cooling water

 <Desc / Clms Page number 40>

 dissement flowing from tube 83 is here so low that there is no longer any level above flow nozzle 90; accordingly, the counterweight 92 maintains, when the current is removed, the vessel continuously in the tilted position.



   FIG. 26 shows another variant of the device which has just been described, in that the counterweight is produced in the form of a movable weight with fine adjustment. In this way, it is possible to obtain an adjustment of the normal full flow of cooling water flow conditioned by the variability of the temperature of the cooling water.



   Figures 27 and 28 further show how the control of the cooling water flow for the boiling and refrigeration period is carried out completely independent of the position of the tilting vessel.
19. and how one can also regulate at reduced flow of cooling water according to the temperatures of this water.



   The cooling water tube 83 coming from the condenser in this case ends in the body 103 of a valve or a valve above which is a magnet coil.
17 which, as will be shown with the aid of Figures 2Q, 31 (see also Figures 1 and 2) receives current as long as the main switch A, SI, is horizontal and no longer receives it when that the main switch A, Si is switched. if the magnet coil 17 is energized, which is the case during the boiling period, the cooling water valve 18.

   which, otherwise, is retained by a spring 20, in its lowest position set by means of a screw 104, is attracted and the channel of the valve 105 opens the entire inlet section of cooling water coming from the feed tube 83, so that the tilting vessel 19 receives the full

 <Desc / Clms Page number 41>

 water flow. If, however, 1 electromagnet 17 is deprived of current, the spring 20 returns again to its lowest position and the cooling water inlet via the tube 83 is almost completely blocked, except for a small notch 106 leaving just pass the reduced flow of cooling water for the chill period, as shown in Figure 27.



   Figure 2 shows the position of the valve for the boiling period.



   Figures 20 to 31 show the entire device (see also fig. 1 and 2) and, in particular, the correlation between 1 main switch, the metering devices, safety and the heating elements.



   Fig. 29 shows, in particular, the stage of normal operation during the heating period, Fig. 30 the stage of normal operation during the boiling period, the water flow is too low or completely lacking.



   The main current line H - H is carried on board by the main switch A, which has a secondary contact if; however, the latter can, as has been said during the explanation of Figures 1 and 2, be rigidly coupled with the main switch A.



   The main switch A is held in the operating position by the spring 28, as shown in figures 29 and 31. With the main switch A is also integrally connected the latch 14 which is pulled downwards by a any force P3 (pulling the magnet 11, Fig.l) when the boiling period is over, thus interrupting the contact of A and Si. A rest lever 15, rotating

 <Desc / Clms Page number 42>

 around a fixed point 94. is returned by a force P1 (for example, by the action of the spring 16) after having been, during the release, pushed to the side by the lever
14; the lever 14 is thus locked in the release position.

   The engagement of switches A and SI can be operated with a force P5 (for example, by the traction of the rod 27 under the action of the magnet 25, fig. 1) which, opposing the force P4 of the spring 16 , withdraws the locking pawl 15 of the lever 14, so that the spring 2 can come into action and return the rocker switch A, Si, to the horizontal operating position.



   A secondary circuit III connected to the main circuit H, passing from the main switch A, passes through the secondary contact Si and goes to the coil of the magnet.
17 and, from here, downstream of the heating elements 5 to join again the line of the main circuit H.



   Since the secondary contact Si switches on and off simultaneously with] :, main switch A, coil 17 is always energized when 1 main switch is in the operating position and not energized when the main switch is switched.



   The auxiliary switch B is connected, on the one hand, with the main switch A and, on the other hand, with the heating elements 5 of the boiler and can, as shown in figure 31, trigger these elements independently of the main switch position.

** ATTENTION ** end of DESC field can contain start of CLMS **.


    

Claims (1)

CLAIMS 1.- Absorption refrigeration installation, fully automatic and electrically controlled, intended particularly for domestic needs, charac- <Desc / Clms Page number 43> ensured by the fact that the end of the boiling period takes place exclusively according to a maximum level of the condensed liquid, the recovery taking place according to a level of the condensed liquid chosen within widely spaced limits, these stopping and resuming operations being carried out by means of contact devices controlled by floats and isolated against ground; an automatic evaporator water purge device ensuring an always constant purity of condensed liquid. 2. - Absorption refrigeration installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the resumption of the boiling process is temporarily prevented by a thermoprobe controlling the temperature of the room to be cooled (contact thermometer) or (and) a circuit breaker ) until the normal room temperature for which the thermoscope is set is reached, respectively, until night current is available. 3. - Absorption refrigeration installation according to claim 2, characterized in that, while the resumption of the boiling process is prevented, the condensed liquid continues to evaporate in the evaporator and continues refrigeration, boiling being prevented from occurring, either by means of the float contact device according to a level of condensed liquid chosen within very limited limits or (and) by a thermoscope or a circuit breaker-contactor. 4. - Absorption refrigeration installation according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, for the purpose of automatic suction of the absorbent entrained ,. the inlet section of the vapor return piping (77) <Desc / Clms Page number 44> of the trigoriferous agent at the end of the boiling period and before the beginning of the refrigeration period, is closed by the capillary effect of condensed liquid and this, until the quantity of liquid transported from the bottom from the evaporator to the boiler = absorber via a pipe connecting the lowest point of the evaporator with the boiler = absorber, ie such, that the level of the condensed liquid in the evaporator has fallen below the inlet of the vapor return tube. 5.- Absorption refrigeration installation according to claim 4, characterized in that the return tube (77) enters the evaporator up to the height of the fixed level determined for the start of refrigeration ( 81) level exceeded at the end of the boiling period) and formed with a second return suction tube (78) coming from the bottom of the evaporator and entering the tube (77) or surrounding it, a narrow annular section (79) for generating capillary forces. 6.- absorption refrigeration installation according to claim 5, characterized in that the outer tube (7?) In FIG. 14, 78 respectively in FIG. 16) is flared in its part receiving the second tube, so that its non-flared part has the same internal diameter as the other tube. 7.- absorption refrigeration installation according to claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the water purge tube (78) is preferably connected at its lower part with the condensed liquid tube (6) under a right angle. 8.- Absorption refrigeration installation according to claims 4. 7.characterized in that the purge tube <Desc / Clms Page number 45> water (78) is, at its lower part, in conductive connection with the lower part of the evaporator and its upper end exceeds the maximum level (31) 9.- absorption refrigeration installation according to claim 4, characterized in that the extraction of the vapor from the evaporator from the refrigerating agent takes place via a vapor return pipe ending in a capillary tube while the evaporator water is purged by means of a pipe (82) (Fig. 21) terminating at its lowest part and passing below the level of liquid in the boiler = absorber. 10.- Absorption refrigeration installation according to claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the arrival of cooling water is regulated by an automatic metering device acting at the same time as a monitoring and safety member. 11.- absorption refrigeration system according to claim 10, characterized by a tilting cooling water vessel, eccentrically suspended and rotating and provided with an adjustable flow nozzle; this vessel is connected with a switch participating in the rocking movement of the vessel, respectively actuated by the latter; this switch cuts off the power when a determined minimum quantity of water, just admissible for the boiling process, is not obtained, automatically diverting the cooling water to the boiler coil, while when this quantity of If the minimum water is exceeded to a certain extent, this switch automatically restores the power and diverts the cooling water back to the. discharge pipe. <Desc / Clms Page number 46> 12, - Absorption refrigeration system according to 11, characterized by the fact that the tilting vessel has a partition serving as an overflow (85) which, when a maximum level (99) is reached, transports the excess cooling water through a second chamber ( 101) with larger nozzle (100) to the common flow (98). 13.- Absorption refrigeration installation according to claims 11 and 12 characterized in that the rocking switch actuated by the cooling water safety switch and distribution) is disposed behind the condenser with free flow of the latter and no longer allows power to be restored when the condenser coil is loaded or blocked to such an extent that the quantity of water passing through it becomes smaller than the minimum admissible quantity of water. 14.- Absorption refrigeration installation according to claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the electrical safety switch B rigidly connected to the rocker switch or actuated by the latter, is arranged in the main circuit, behind a switch main switch (A) so that the main switch can remain in its operating position when the safety switch cuts out, 15. - Absorption refrigeration installation according to claims 11 to 14, characterized in that the adjustment of the cooling water, on full or reduced flow, takes place, regardless of the position of the cooling water vessel rocker (19) and the safety switch (B) by means of an adjustment member (103, 18. 20, 105, 106) placed in front of the water inlet, this or- <Desc / Clms Page number 47> gane being controlled by 1 electromagnet 1 excited by a secondary circuit (III) parallel to the main circuit (H - H). 16. - Absorption refrigeration installation according to claims 11 to 15, characterized in that the normal full flow and the minimum admissible water flow for the boiling period, are adjusted by means of a counterweight (92 ) located on the 'Tilting vessel. 17.- absorption refrigeration system according to claims 11 to 16, characterized in that the normal full flow rate and the minimum admissible water flow rate for the boiling process can be regulated by means of a mobile weight (22 ) placed on the tilting vessel, this weight being provided, preferably, with a fine adjustment. 18.- Absorption refrigeration installation according to claims 11 to 17, characterized in that the reduced water flow can be adjusted, depending on the cooling water temperature, by an adjusting member (104) in connection with a notch (106) provided for the adjustment valve (18.105). 19.- Absorption refrigeration installation according to claims 1, 18, characterized in that: a.) A main circuit (H) supplied by a network, provided with a main switch (A) controlling the operating phase and, independently of this switch, a secondary switch B acting as a safety device, controlled by a secondary circuit (III) connected with a device for dosing and regulating the cooling water, b.) a secondary circuit (I) with two disconnections (Si, 82), the first of which is synchronous, or approximately synchronous, with the breaking of the current of the circuit <Desc / Clms Page number 48> main and, the second of which is closed by a float controlled by the maximum level of the liquid condensed in the evaporator or in the collector or by the minimum level in the boiler 8: absorber, this float being connected with two electrodes isolated against earth or with an insulated electrode and another with earth connection by neutral wire. c.) a secondary circuit (11) with two or more actuators (S3, S4., S5, S6, etc.), the first of which is controlled in the opposite direction to the main circuit, the second of which is closed in function. a level of condensed liquid which can be selected between wide limits or a similar level in the absorber, by means of a float device and two electrodes insulated against ground or an insulated electrode and another with an earth connection by neutral wire, the third of which is temporarily blocked by a thermoscope (T) measuring the temperature of the refrigerating cabinet and the fourth of which is temporarily blocked by a circuit breaker (N, N ' ,). 20.) Absorption refrigeration installation according to claim 19, characterized in that the third and fourth sectionings are replaced by a fourth secondary circuit (IV) comprising one or two sectionings and actuated by a thermoscope measuring the temperature of the cabinet or (and) circuit breaker - the fourth secondary circuit temporarily and mechanically blocking the action of the third secondary circuit. 21.- absorption refrigeration system according to claims 1 to 18, characterized by: a.) A main or heating circuit (H) connected to the network with a main disconnection (A) built, <Desc / Clms Page number 49> preferably, as a liquid rocking contact or rotary contact and with a secondary isolation (B) acting as a safety contact and leading through the heating elements (5) to the negative pole (opposite pole) (10). b.) a secondary circuit (I) which, starting from the positive pole (9) leads, passing through a magnet (11), to an electrode of the contact spark plug controlled by the float (7) and to the second electrode of this contact spark plug, fitted with a disconnection (Si) between the two electrodes of the spark plug towards the negative pole (10). c.) a secondary circuit (II) which is arranged between the electrodes of the contact spark plug and the terminals of a contact thermometer regulating the temperature of the cold room and provided with a disconnection (SI) between the electrodes the contact spark plug and a disconnect (S2) in the contact thermometer (T). 22.) Absorption refrigeration installation according to claim 21, characterized by a secondary circuit (III) disposed between the terminals of the contact thermometer and provided with a sectioning D produced in the form of a door contact. 23.- Absorption refrigeration installation according to claims 1 to 22, characterized in that the various circuits are fixed according to a single basic diagram for currents of all kinds and all voltages while the different voltages are coupled in units of tension by means of superimposed bars. 24. - Absorption refrigeration installation according to claims 1 to 23, characterized in that account is taken of the nature of the current and the number of periods by simple substitution of the magnets. <Desc / Clms Page number 50> 25.- Absorption refrigeration installation according to claim 23, characterized in that the coupling of the tensions is facilitated by means of a template or cardboard representing the diagram and indicating the tensions. 26. - Absorption refrigeration installation according to claims 24 or 25, characterized in that the interchangeable magnet coils consist of several unit coils for a unit voltage. 27.- Absorption refrigeration installation according to claim 26 characterized in that all the ends of the unit coils lead to terminals fixed on 1 casing of the coil which, with the corresponding elastic terminals placed on the yoke of the magnet, always give the same unchanging connections for currents of all kinds, all voltages and all frequencies, (when replacing magnets). 28.- Absorption refrigeration installation according to claims 24 to 27, characterized in that the interchangeable magnets can slide on the fixed arm of the breech, after lifting the armor, but cannot be mounted therein so as to to be able to turn. 29.- Absorption refrigeration installation according to claims 23 to 28, characterized in that a normal heating voltage is used, by means of which the main voltages can be coupled. 30. - Absorption refrigeration installation according to claim 2Q, characterized in that one can couple all the less usual intermediate voltages by means of a second heating voltage. 31. - Absorption refrigeration installation according to claims 1 to 30, characterized in that the floats controlling the contact spark plugs are constructed <Desc / Clms Page number 51> by means of duralumin subjected to heat treatments. 32. - Absorption refrigeration installation according to claim 31, characterized in that the duralumin floats consist of two halves stamped with the press at the temperature of 400 to 500 C and joined by a single transverse weld. 33.- Absorption refrigeration system according to. Claims 19 and 20, characterized in that the two floats are partially balanced by counterweights. 34.- Absorption refrigeration installation according to claims 21 to 32, characterized by the fact that a movable weight moving automatically maintains the contact by spark plug, even after the end of the boiling period and until 'so that the float is lowered from its highest position than at the point of opening the contact by a part of its own weight. 35.- Absorption refrigeration installation according to claims 21 to 32 and 34, characterized in that the spark plug contact is kept open, after the completion of evaporation and by means of a moving weight. - placing automatically, until the float reaches the trigger level. 36.- Absorption refrigeration installation according to claim 34 and 35, characterized in that the mobile weight rolls, under the influence of the float, freely on a tilting bridge isolated against the float, respectively against the refrigerating liquid, controlling or carrying thus establishing contact. 37, - absorption refrigeration system according to <Desc / Clms Page number 52> claims 31, 32, 34 to 36, characterized in that the float is guided in a guide tube in such a way that it cannot rest on the walls of the tube and generate capillary forces, 38.- Absorption refrigeration installation according to claims 1 to 37, characterized in that the contact point (s) of the float contact are located exclusively in the gas chamber, and therefore cannot be connected making operation by 1 liquid refrigerant. 39.- Absorption refrigeration installation according to claim 38, characterized in that the arrival and departure of the current u and the contact are in the gas chamber takes place at the means of a body of the kind of candles of ignition constructed of pure rubber, vulcanized without load, 40. - Absorption refrigeration installation according to claim 39, characterized in that the spark plug body which is almost exactly fitted in a thread reminiscent of a stuffing box, is compressed by the tightening of this thread, both axially and radially (direction centri- fart) to such an extent that the spark plug body itself as well as the two incoming current wires (electrodes) located in the spark plug body form a perfectly tight seal.