BE1019659A5 - FLOOR PANEL AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING FLOOR PANELS. - Google Patents

Abstract

Floor panel of the type comprising at least a substrate (13), a top layer (14) applied thereon, and a bottom layer or counter layer (28) arranged underneath, said top layer (14) having at least one motif (15) and one above it transparent or translucent layer (16), characterized in that both said bottom layer or backing layer (28) and said transparent or translucent layer (16) contain or mainly consist of thermoplastic and / or vinyl-based plastic, and that said substrate (13) contains vegetable particles and / or thermosetting plastic.

Description

Floor panel and method for manufacturing floor panels.

This invention relates to floor panels and methods for manufacturing floor panels.

More specifically, the invention relates to floor panels of the type that are at least composed of a substrate and a top layer applied to this substrate, said top layer exhibiting a motif. As is known, a transparent or translucent plastic layer can be provided above such a motif, which then forms part of the aforementioned top layer.

In particular, the present invention relates to floor panels of the type comprising coupling means or coupling parts at two or more opposite edges, with which two such floor panels can be coupled to the relevant edges such that they are locked to each other both in a horizontal direction perpendicular to the edge and in the plane of the floor panels, as in a vertical direction perpendicular to the plane of the floor panels. Such floor panels can be used to assemble a so-called floating floor covering, wherein the floor panels are connected to each other at their edges, but lie freely on the substrate.

Laminate floor panels are known from WO 97/47834 for forming a floating floor covering. However, laminate floor panels have the disadvantage that they are generally provided with a moisture-sensitive substrate, namely MDF or HDF (Medium Density Fiberboard or High Density Fiberboard), and that the top layer applied to this substrate gives rise to ticking noises when the floor covering is used. The top layer is made of thermosetting resin, and gives rise to a very hard surface layer. The substrate is also hard because of the high density of MDF or HDF. Through the belt, laminate floor panels have a thickness between 6 and 12 millimeters, the thickness of the top layer usually being less than 0.5 millimeter.

Vinyl-based floor panels are known from EP 1 938 963 for forming such a floating floor covering. Such vinyl-based floor panels usually have a thickness of 3 to 5 millimeters and have a high material density. Their limited bending stiffness and their high formability are inherent in these floor panels. These properties lead to problems when the floor panels are applied on a non-level surface. After all, the unevenness of the substrate can telegraph over time to the surface of the floor covering. With local loads, for example under the legs of tables or chairs, permanent impressions are created, which are also undesirable.

The present invention contemplates an alternative panel, which is primarily intended as a floor panel for forming a floating floor covering. According to various preferred embodiments of the invention, a solution is also provided for one or more problems with the floor panels from the prior art.

To this end, according to a first independent aspect, the invention relates to a floor panel of the type which has at least one substrate, a top layer applied to it, and a bottom layer or counter layer applied below, wherein said top layer has at least one motif and a transparent or translucent layer above it. characterized in that both said bottom layer or counter layer and said transparent or translucent layer contain thermoplastic plastic, while said substrate contains thermosetting plastic. For the thermosetting plastic, a plastic is preferably chosen which cures on the basis of a polycondensation reaction. The thermosetting plastic is preferably selected from the list of melamine formaldehyde resin, urea formaldehyde resin, melamine urea formaldehyde resin and phenol based resin. The thermosetting plastic may, for example, be present in the substrate as a binder for particles of a sheet material, such as for binding wood particles in wood chipboard or fiberboard, LDF (Low Density Fiberboard), MDF (Medium Density Fiberboard) or HDF (High Density Fiberboard).

For the same purpose, according to a second independent aspect, the invention relates to a floor panel of the type comprising at least one substrate, a top layer applied thereto, and a bottom layer or counter layer applied below, said top layer comprising at least one motif and a transparent or translucent one above it. layer, characterized in that both said bottom layer or counter layer and said transparent or translucent layer contain or consist essentially of thermoplastic plastic, and that said substrate contains vegetable particles. Preferably wood particles are used, such as wood flour, wood chips and / or wood fibers. Preferably, use is made of at least 70 weight percent and more preferably at least 80 weight percent of the vegetable particles. The substrate preferably contains a binder for joining the vegetable fibers together. This binder preferably consists mainly of thermosetting plastic. It is clear that in the latter case the characteristics of the first aspect are also achieved.

For the same purpose, according to a third independent aspect, the invention relates to a floor panel of the type having at least one substrate, a top layer applied thereto, and a bottom layer or counter layer applied below, said top layer comprising at least one motif and a transparent or translucent one above it. layer, characterized in that both said bottom layer or counter layer and said transparent or translucent layer contain or consist essentially of vinyl-based plastic, and that said substrate contains vegetable particles and / or thermosetting plastic.

The specific choice of the substrate in combination with the said top layers and bottom layers, as in the above first, second and / or third aspect of the invention, can lead to a floor panel with reduced production of ticking sounds, while still achieving a stable floor panel, namely with acceptable bending stiffness. The combination also leads to a strong reduction in telegraphy of unevenness on the substrate to the upper surface of the floor panels or the floor covering that has been assembled on the basis of such floor panels.

Preferred embodiments of the above three independent aspects of the invention are further explained below. It is of course possible that the characteristics of two or more of the above aspects are combined in one floor panel, in so far as they are not contradictory.

For the substrate, use is preferably made of a substrate which mainly consists of MDF or HDF. According to an alternative, use can be made of wood chipboard. It is not excluded that the substrate comprises substrate portions or edge portions of one or more edges of a material other than the actual substrate which, for example, as according to this preferred embodiment, consists of wood chipboard, LDF (Low Density Fiberboard), MDF or HDF. It is clear that in this case the aforementioned vegetable particles consist of wood fibers and wood chips respectively. Preferably, use is made of at least 70% by weight of the vegetable particles. It is furthermore clear that such substrate preferably contains a binder for joining the vegetable fibers together. This binder preferably consists of thermosetting plastic, for example of a plastic that hardens on the basis of a polycondensation reaction. The thermosetting plastic is preferably selected from the list of melamine formaldehyde resin, urea formaldehyde resin, melamine urea formaldehyde resin and phenol based resin.

The substrate preferably has a density of more than 300 kilograms per cubic meter, and more preferably of more than 500 kilograms per cubic meter. The substrate preferably has a thickness of four, five millimeters or more. With such a density and / or thickness of the substrate, the risk of the occurrence of the aforementioned telegraphic effects is further minimized. The use of an actual substrate with a density of more than 500 kilograms per cubic meter makes it possible to profile one or more peripheral sections for forming coupling means thereto. The qualitative substrate material thus intervenes in the locking of two such floor panels that are connected at their edges. Such a profiling with a covering layer can optionally be provided with moisture-resistant or sealing substance.

Preferably, the substrate or the actual substrate consists of a single layer. However, it is not excluded that a substrate or actual substrate comprising several layers would be used, preferably each of these layers then satisfying the properties of the substrate mentioned in the first, second and / or third aspect. For example, they can all comprise vegetable particles. According to a special example thereof, the aforementioned substrate consists of an MDF or HDF plate material above which a cork layer has been applied. The cork layer is in such a case between the aforementioned motif and the substrate. Of course, other layers can also be situated between the cork layer and the pattern, such as a possible back layer integrated in the top layer, which is described further below with reference to a special embodiment.

Preferably, said top layer and / or said bottom layer or counter layer comprise PVC (Polyvinyl chloride) or another vinyl compound, such as EVA (Ethylene Vinyl Acetate). More preferably, said top layer and / or bottom layer or counter layer mainly consist of one or more of these plastics, preferably mainly of PVC.

According to a preferred embodiment, the thickness of the top layer together with the thickness of the bottom layer or counter layer is at least 10 percent, and more preferably at least 20 percent of the total thickness of the floor panel. Whether or not in combination with this preferred embodiment, the aforementioned substrate preferably constitutes at least 50 percent, and more preferably at least 75 percent, of the total thickness of the floor panel. With the exception of any adhesive or adhesive layers, the floor panel preferably does not contain any other layers than the aforementioned top layer, counter layer and substrate.

It is important to keep the thickness of the top layer preferably thinner than 3 or 2.5 millimeters, with 1.3 to 1.7 millimeters being a good value. Preferably, the substrate is then immediately below the top layer. In this way good resistance to permanent impressions of the top layer is obtained. In addition, when the substrate is mainly composed of a material with a density of more than 500 kilograms or more than 700 kilograms per cubic meter, this property is further optimized. The bending stiffness of the panels is also further positively influenced, certainly in cases where this substrate makes up at least 50 percent of the total thickness of the floor panel.

Preferably, said transparent or translucent layer consists mainly of PVC and / or plasticizer.

Preferably, said top layer is connected to the substrate over an adhesive layer.

According to a preferred embodiment, said top layer and / or said bottom layer or counter layer comprise filling material, such as chalk or wood fiber. In the case of the top layer, such filler material is preferably concentrated under the motif, for example in the optional back layer, which is further described below with reference to a special embodiment.

According to a special embodiment of the first aspect, said top layer per se is composed of at least one back layer, a motif or pattern applied thereto and a transparent or translucent wear layer. Said backing layer preferably has a thickness that is 45 percent or more of the total thickness of the top layer. Such a backing layer preferably consists of a vinyl compound or, optionally, a polyurethane compound, wherein use is preferably made of fillers, such as chalk. The plastic used herein preferably contains recycled plastic or consists essentially of this. The backing layer is preferably designed with a higher density than the wear layer. Among other things, the use of filler materials in the backing layer is interesting for this. For the design or pattern, use can be made of a printed material sheet, such as a plastic film or of a printing carried out directly on the substrate. For the above-mentioned translucent or transparent wear layer, use is preferably made of a vinyl layer or polyurethane layer of at least 0.2 millimeter thick, and more preferably of at least 0.3 millimeter thick. Preferably, this translucent or transparent layer is not thicker than 1 millimeter. On the basis of a transparent layer of 0.25 to 0.7 millimeter, a wear resistance can be achieved comparable to that of laminate floor panels. The transparent or translucent layer can either be applied as a film with or without the aforementioned printed film, or be applied in liquid form and subsequently cured on the substrate. The transparent or translucent layer preferably has a thickness that corresponds to at least 25 percent of the total thickness of the top layer. Preferably, said translucent or translucent top layer is free of hard mineral particles, such as alumina particles. According to the inventors, this is not necessary if the transparent layer has a thickness of at least 0.2 millimeters. After all, with such a thickness a wear resistance of IP 2000 according to the standard for laminate floors EN 13329 can be obtained. If a larger wear resistance is to be obtained with similar thicknesses, hard particles are preferably used.

In general, when using thin transparent thermoplastic layers, namely layers thinner than 0.5 millimeter or thinner than 0.35 millimeter, use is preferably made of hard mineral particles, such as aluminum oxide, in the relevant layer. Preferably, between 3 and 30 grams per square meter of such particles are used, the average particle size of these particles preferably being between 20 and 200 micrometres, or more preferably between 30 and 120 micrometres.

The inventors have found that even thin transparent thermoplastic layers, namely layers thinner than 0.5 millimeter or thinner than 0.35 millimeter, can still be provided with a structure on their surface. It is preferably a structure of indentations, for example applied on the basis of a press mold. Preferably the impression in location and / or size correspond to the design of the floor panel. Preferably the indentations extend locally in the transparent thermoplastic layer, and the motif remains flat. However, it is not excluded that work would be done with impressions which penetrate into the possible backing layer or the substrate.

Optionally, the top layer can enclose a surface layer on the basis of a radiation-cured translucent or transparent plastic layer, for example on the basis of a UV-curing substance. Such surface layer may optionally include hard mineral particles, such as alumina particles. This preferably concerns particles with a grain size of less than 100 micrometres, and more preferably less than 50 micrometres. Optionally, even particles with a diameter of less than 10 micrometres can be used, such as particles with an average size of about 0.2 micrometres. In case the transparent thermoplastic layer is provided with a structure of impressions, it is preferably achieved that these impressions are still perceptibly and visibly present in the final surface of the floor panel. This can be achieved, for example, when less than 100 grams per square meter of the radiation-curing substance is applied, and even better when less than 45 grams per square meter thereof is applied.

It is noted that according to the above special example, the backing layer, the motif and the wear layer can be manufactured according to different possibilities.

According to a first possibility, they are all originally designed as a plastic layer, which, for example, are connected to each other at least with the use of heat, preferably without separate additional glue or adhesive connections. This connection can be obtained, for example, in a heated pressing device, such as in a short cycle press. Such a composite layer can then be adhered to the substrate, for example by means of an adhesive connection or by means of a welded connection in which the substrate and the top layer are fused together. According to a second possibility, at least the backing layer and / or the wear layer are applied in liquid or pasty form to a carrier material, such as a glass fiber fleece, where they cure. According to this second possibility, the motif can then either be applied via a separate printed film, or be printed directly on the backing layer or on the underside of the wear layer, for example by means of offset printing or inkjet printing, preferably on the basis of UV-supported inks. or solvent inks.

Preferably, use is made of a material similar to that of the aforementioned backing layer for the said bottom layer or counter layer. The bottom layer or counter layer therefore preferably comprises mainly thermoplastic plastic, for example on the basis of a vinyl compound, such as PVC, or, optionally, a polyurethane compound, wherein use is preferably made in each case of fillers, such as chalk. The plastic used herein preferably contains recycled plastic or consists essentially of this. The bottom layer or counter layer preferably has a lower hardness and / or density than the possible back layer that can form part of the top layer.

The thickness of said bottom layer or counter layer is preferably between 20 and 120% of the thickness of the top layer, and more preferably between 20 and 100% of that thickness. In particular in those cases where an annealed or tempered thermoplastic top layer is used, a bottom layer with a thickness between 20 and 50% of the thickness of the top layer will suffice.

The assembly of the first, second and / or third aspect, namely the assembly of top layer, substrate and counter layer or bottom layer can be obtained by joining the respective layers together by means of an adhesive connection. According to another possibility, at least the top layer and / or the counter layer may, for example, be applied partially to the substrate as a liquid or pasty substance, where they are cured. According to yet another possibility, at least portions of the substrate, for example edge portions thereof, may be provided as a liquid or pasty substance on the underside of the top layer and / or the top side of the counter layer or bottom layer, where this substance hardens and the material of the substrate. concerned substrate portions. You can also work with a combination of these three options. For example, the top layer can be attached to the top side of the substrate mainly with an adhesive connection, while the top layer is fixed at the location of one or more edges with the relevant substrate parts, because the material of these substrate parts is cured against the bottom side of the top layer. In this way the chance of delamination of the top layer at the relevant edges is greatly reduced. It is clear that the relevant substrate portions may then possibly have a different composition than the actual substrate.

Preferably, the floor panel of the first, second and / or third aspect contains no further layers than said substrate, top layer, bottom layer and any adhesive layers, the top layer then being applied directly on the top side of the substrate and the bottom layer directly against the bottom side of the substrate, for example in each case on the basis of an adhesive layer, and wherein the substrate preferably consists of a single layer. However, it is not excluded that other layers may also be present in the assembly, such as intermediate layers. The possible intermediate layer can here be designed in such a way that the floor panel also has the properties of the fifth and / or sixth aspect of the invention mentioned below.

According to a special example, the substrate is essentially or completely embodied in a color that matches or corresponds to the color of the possible backing layer or the counter layer or bottom layer. Preferably it is the same color. For example, both the backing layer and the substrate can be in black. This preferably concerns a coloring of the substrate that extends over the entire bulk material of the substrate, such that even when performing random cuts through the floor panel, the color of the substrate is retained at the edge of the cut. In the case of MDF or HDF, pigmented MDF or HDF can be used. According to this special example, it is achieved that any slit formation on the surface or on the edge of the floor covering is noticed less quickly.

For the same purpose as in the first, second and third aspect, the invention according to a fourth independent aspect relates to a floor panel of the type which has at least one substrate, a top layer applied thereon and a bottom layer or counter layer applied below, said top layer having at least one motif and has a transparent or translucent layer above it, characterized in that both said lower layer or counter layer and said transparent or translucent layer contain or consist essentially of thermoplastic plastic and / or PVC, and that said substrate comprises two or more layers of wood veneer. Preferably, the aforementioned substrate consists essentially of foamed veneer layers, preferably of an odd number of such veneer layers. By "layered veneer layers" it is meant that two adjacent veneer layers with their respective wood growth direction are positioned transversely to each other.

Preferably for one or more of the aforementioned veneer layers a veneer quality of grade B, C or lower is used, according to ANSI / HPVA HP-1-2000. Preferably, the majority or all of the veneer layers are of such low quality.

The veneer layers are preferably glued waterproof.

It is clear that the substrate of the fourth aspect can be designed essentially as a multiplex board.

The top layer and / or bottom layer preferably have a thickness that is between 75% and 150% of the average thickness of the aforementioned veneer layers. All veneer layers are preferably of substantially the same thickness, namely with a thickness between 1 and 2.5 or 2 millimeters.

For the material, composition and thickness of the top layer and / or the counter layer, those mentioned in connection with the first, second and / or third aspect of the invention can be used. According to a special embodiment, the upper veneer layer of the substrate forms the aforementioned motif or decor and the top layer is completely transparent or translucent.

The top layer, veneer layers and bottom layer or counter layer of the floor panel of the fourth aspect are preferably connected to each other in a single processing step and / or in the same pressing device. For example, use can be made of the pressing device which is customarily used for the production of plywood. Adhesive bonds are preferably used between the veneer layers themselves and between the substrate and the top layer and bottom layer. Preferably, a similar or identical glue is used between each of these layers, for example, a thermosetting glue or a thermoplastic glue.

According to a fifth independent aspect, the invention further contemplates an alternative floor panel which, according to preferred embodiments, can offer a solution for one or more disadvantages with the floor panels from the prior art.

To this end, the invention according to its fifth independent aspect relates to a floor panel of the type which has at least one substrate and a top layer applied thereto, wherein said top layer has at least one design and a transparent or translucent layer made of thermoplastic plastic above it, characterized in that the floor panel comprising an intermediate layer between said motif and said substrate, the hardness of which is greater than the hardness of the substrate and said transparent or translucent layer. On the basis of the thermoplastic plastic layer at or on the surface of the floor panel, a solution is offered for the occurrence of excessive tap noise. Because an intermediate layer is used that is both harder and the top layer, and harder than the actual substrate, a good assembly is obtained, whereby permanent impressions can be minimized, while the softer substrate results in a reduced propagation of sound to underlying spaces. Moreover, said intermediate layer avoids marking or telegraphing irregularities on the substrate to the aforementioned top layer.

Preferably, the substrate exhibits a hardness that lies between the hardness of said intermediate layer and the hardness of said transparent or translucent layer, or, in other words, a hardness higher than that of the transparent or translucent layer, but lower than the hardness of the aforementioned intermediate layer. The not too soft condition of the substrate ensures that relatively rigid or rigid panels are nevertheless obtained, which can be installed easily without glue.

Preferably the substrate consists essentially of a thermoplastic material. For example, a vinyl-based substrate such as PVC, a polyethylene-based substrate, a polypropylene-based substrate or a polyurethane-based substrate can be used. These materials are resistant to water or moisture and are easily available. The substrate preferably consists essentially of a foamed plastic plate. In that case it is preferably plastic of the closed cell type. By foaming, a thicker and stiffer substrate is obtained on the basis of a comparable quantity of plastic material as with the floor panels of EP 1 938 963, such that the risk of the occurrence of telegraphic effects from the substrate to the surface of the floor covering is minimized. can become. This is mainly the case when an average density of more than 300 kilograms per cubic meter is applied. The aforementioned substrate preferably has a thickness of four, five millimeters or more. With such a thickness of the substrate, the risk of the occurrence of the aforementioned telegraphic effects is further minimized. The minimum thickness of four or five millimeters also allows sturdy mechanical coupling means to be formed in one piece with the plastic sheet, for example in that they are provided at least partially directly in the plastic sheet as milled profiles.

The preferred minimum average density of the foamed plastic sheet is also advantageous when providing, more particularly when milling, the profiles, and can lead to coupling means that provide a firm vertical and / or horizontal locking. At the aforementioned minimum density, it is avoided that the edges of the plastic sheet are distorted too much. Namely, plates of lower density exhibit a higher risk of pushing the edges, with such pushed edges protruding above the actual plate surface. Such an effect is undesirable. Another advantage of the aforementioned minimum density is that it leads to a better resistance to local loads.

According to a special embodiment, the aforementioned foamed plastic sheet is of the closed cell type, more preferably it concerns a closed cell foamed PVC

plate. It is known per se that with foamed plastic of the closed cell type the chambers of the foam are practically not interconnected, at least to a much lesser extent than is the case with foamed plastics of the open cell type. A closed cell type foamed plastic sheet provides very high rigidity, shape stability and water resistance at a limited density of, for example, 600 kilograms per cubic meter or less. The limited density provides interesting benefits in logistics, such as in transport. The limited density also provides a more ergonomic whole when 5 to 10 of such floor panels are offered together in a packaging unit. It is clear that the present invention also relates to such a packaging unit. In itself, the packaging used here preferably consists at least of a cardboard box or tray, and shrink-wrap. For example, the packaging materials that are known per se from WO 2006/103565 can be used.

In general, the substrate preferably has an average density of 400 kilograms per cubic meter or more. Preferably, the average density of the substrate is no more than 600 kilograms per cubic meter, for example an average density between 500 and 600 kilograms per cubic meter. It is clear that the aforementioned advantages of the preferred minimum density are more pronounced at a higher density of the foamed sheet material or any other sheet material. Too high a density, however, leads to adverse effects, such as a high sensitivity to impact and an increased sensitivity to any unevenness in the substrate, which may result in sound boxes that provide a reinforcement of any noise that may occur when using the floor covering.

Preferably, the aforementioned intermediate layer consists of a separate material layer, the material of this intermediate layer preferably being different from the material of the substrate and / or the transparent or transparent plastic layer. However, it is not excluded that the same material is used as for the substrate. For example, they can both be essentially composed of a vinyl connection. It is also possible that the intermediate layer, instead of consisting of a separate material layer, is formed in one piece from the same material as the substrate. In this case, for example, it may be a denser material layer or reinforced material layer of the substrate material. In the case of a plastic sheet, such as a foamed plastic sheet, it preferably exhibits a local density on one or both flat sides that is higher than in a central layer of the foamed plastic sheet. With such a construction, an optimum combination of an average low density and sufficient rigidity can be obtained. The locally higher density, preferably at least 5 or 10 percent higher than the average density, can of course be situated both on the surface itself and at some distance below the surface of the relevant side, but at a distance from a central layer of the substrate. In the cases where the locally higher density is realized essentially only on one of the two flat sides, it preferably concerns the side of the substrate that is closest to the aforementioned top layer. On the basis of such an embodiment, the risk of permanent impressions occurring can be considerably minimized, while the floor panel as a whole has a low weight.

It is not excluded that the above-mentioned one or more layers of locally higher density are combined with an intermediate layer consisting of a separate material layer, wherein this material layer then has a greater hardness than the substrate according to the invention. As mentioned, the presence of such layers of locally higher density has a positive influence on the stability of the floor panel, and in particular on its bending stiffness. A sufficient bending stiffness is desirable for the smooth installation of the floor panels.

According to the invention, there is a multitude of possibilities for the material of the intermediate layer. A few options are explained below.

According to a first possibility for the material of the intermediate layer, it mainly consists of a vinyl compound, such as PVC, which may or may not be provided with filler materials, such as with chalk or wood particles. According to a first practical embodiment of this first possibility, the aforementioned intermediate layer consists of a layer of hard PVC or another vinyl connection, which is for instance separately provided in the assembly of the panel. By "hard" it is meant that the vinyl compound in question exhibits a Rockwell hardness of more than R100. The vinyl layer from this first practical embodiment preferably has a hardness between R110 and R120. Such hardness leads to an acceptable resistance to permanent impressions. According to a second practical embodiment of this first possibility, the aforementioned intermediate layer consists of a layer of soft PVC or another vinyl compound, which further comprises filling material such as chalk or wood particles. Preferably, the layer contains between 20 and 85 weight percent of said filler material, and more preferably more than 60 weight percent. By "soft" it is meant that this layer has a Shore A hardness of less than 100. The intermediate layer according to these two practical embodiments preferably has a shore A hardness between 45 and 100.

According to a special example of the above-mentioned second practical embodiment, said top layer per se is composed of at least one back layer, a motif or pattern applied thereto and a transparent or translucent wear layer, said back layer forming the intermediate layer of the invention. Said backing layer preferably has a thickness that is 45 percent or more of the total thickness of the top layer. Such a backing layer preferably consists of a vinyl compound or, optionally, a polyurethane compound, wherein use is preferably made of fillers, such as chalk. The plastic used herein preferably contains recycled plastic or consists essentially of this. The backing layer is preferably designed with a higher density than the wear layer. Among other things, the use of filler materials in the backing layer is interesting for this. As aforementioned, use can be made for the design or pattern of a printed material sheet, such as a plastic film or of a printing carried out directly on the substrate. For the above-mentioned translucent or transparent wear layer, use is preferably made of a vinyl layer or polyurethane layer of at least 0.2 millimeter thick, and more preferably of at least 0.3 millimeter thick. Preferably, this translucent or transparent layer is not thicker than 1 millimeter. On the basis of a transparent layer of 0.25 to 0.7 millimeter, a wear resistance can be achieved comparable to that of laminate floor panels. The transparent or translucent layer can either be applied as a film with or without the aforementioned printed film, or be applied in liquid form and subsequently cured on the substrate. The transparent or translucent layer preferably has a thickness that corresponds to at least 25 percent of the total thickness of the top layer. Optionally, the top layer can enclose a surface layer based on a UV-cured substance.

It is noted that according to the above special example, the backing layer, the motif and the wear layer can be manufactured according to different possibilities.

According to a first possibility, they are all originally designed as a plastic layer, which, for example, are connected to each other at least with the use of heat, preferably without separate additional glue or adhesive connections. This connection can be obtained, for example, in a heated pressing device, such as in a short cycle press. Such a composite layer can then be adhered to the substrate, for example by means of an adhesive connection or by means of a welded connection in which the substrate and the top layer are fused together. According to a second possibility, at least the backing layer and / or the wear layer are applied in liquid or pasty form to a carrier material, such as a glass fiber fleece, where they cure. According to this second possibility, the motif can then either be applied via a separate printed film, or be printed directly on the backing layer or on the underside of the wear layer, for example by means of offset printing or inkjet printing, preferably on the basis of UV-supported inks. or solvent inks.

According to a second possibility for the material of the intermediate layer, it mainly consists of a wood-based layer, such as MDF or HDF. It is preferably a layer with a thickness of between 1.5 and 3 millimeters and an average density of more than 700 kilograms per cubic meter, and more preferably of more than 1000 kilograms per cubic meter.

Preferably, the aforementioned motif is provided on a support. The motif may, for example, consist of a print applied to such a support. The carrier preferably comprises thermoplastic plastic, as is the case with a printed plastic film, for example a printed PVC film, or a printed polyurethane film. In the above case, wherein said intermediate layer mainly consists of thermoplastic plastic, at least the back layer and the transparent or translucent layer can be connected to each other through the thermoplastic plastic of said carrier. However, the invention does not exclude the possibility that the pattern may be formed in any other way, for example by printing directly on the aforementioned substrate, or on a base layer applied to this substrate. The top layer, according to the invention, encloses a transparent or translucent layer above the motif based on thermoplastic plastic. The layer in question is preferably realized by one of the following techniques, either a technique in which it is applied as a film, whether or not together with the aforementioned printed film, or a technique in which it is applied in liquid form and subsequently cured on the substrate.

The intermediate layer preferably has a higher average density than the substrate, more preferably an average density that is higher than 600 kilograms per cubic meter, or even of more than 700 kilograms per cubic meter. A very high density of 1000, 1200 or more kilograms per cubic meter is not excluded. According to a first practical embodiment, such density is realized on the basis of an intermediate layer of hard PVC, of the type mentioned above. Such PVC can have a density of 1000, 1200 or more kilograms per cubic meter. The thickness of such a vinyl-based intermediate layer is preferably from 1 to 3 millimeters. According to a second practical embodiment, such density is pre-eminently realized with a thin MDF or HDF layer, for example with an MDF or HDF layer of 1.5 to 3.5 millimeters thick.

Preferably the intermediate layer exhibits a Rockwell hardness of more than R100, and more preferably of more than R110. With such hardness, positive properties can be obtained with regard to the resistance of the assembly of the coated panel against permanent impressions. Preferably, such hardness is combined with a minimum thickness of such a layer of 1 millimeter. The thickness of the intermediate layer is preferably limited to a maximum of 3.5 millimeters.

It is clear that, according to the invention, there is an intermediate layer, a material is intended which extends substantially over the entire surface of the substrate and, preferably, is free or substantially free of thickness variations. If thickness variations are involved, they are preferably limited to a maximum deviation of 20%, or even 10% or 5%, with respect to the average thickness of such a layer. Furthermore, it is clear that, according to the invention, the aforementioned intermediate layer preferably extends in a plane which is parallel or at least substantially parallel to the upper surface of the floor panel.

Preferably, said transparent or translucent layer consists mainly of PVC and / or plasticizer. The preparation of this layer is preferably carried out with a paste containing a percentage of plasticizer, which is between 5 and 75% by weight. Preferably, said transparent or translucent layer exhibits a Shore A hardness between 50 and 100.

According to a preferred embodiment, said substrate consists essentially of a plastic plate, preferably a foamed plastic plate. The substrate preferably has an average density that is less than the average density of said intermediate layer. Preferably a density between 300 and 750 kilograms per cubic meter, more preferably between 400 and 650 kilograms per cubic meter. Because a foamed plastic plate is used, a less moisture-sensitive floor panel is obtained than in the case of an MDF or HDF substrate. The use of a foamed substrate results in a reduced risk of the occurrence of telegraphic effects from the substrate to the surface of the floor covering.

It is clear that, where there is "hardness", the hardness is meant from the surface of the relevant layer, substrate, or other material, measured on a flat side thereof, namely the side thereof upwardly directed in the final floor panel or the side that is relevant to the occurrence or non-occurrence of permanent impressions.

According to a sixth independent aspect, the present invention relates to a floor panel of the type that has at least one substrate and a top layer applied thereto, wherein said top layer has at least one motif and a transparent or translucent layer of thermoplastic plastic above it, and wherein the aforementioned substrate consists essentially of thermoplastic plastic, characterized in that the floor panel comprises an intermediate layer between said motif and said substrate, said intermediate layer comprising a thermosetting plastic. Due to the presence of the thermosetting plastic in the intermediate layer, similar advantages can be obtained as in the aforementioned fifth aspect. The floor panel of the sixth aspect preferably also has the features of the fifth aspect and / or the preferred embodiments thereof. The material of the intermediate layer is preferably made from a wood-based material, such as from MDF or HDF. It is known that MDF or HDF consists of wood fibers that are connected by means of a thermosetting glue, such as a melamine and / or urea formaldehyde glue. It is preferably a layer with a thickness of between 1.5 and 3 millimeters and an average density of more than 700 kilograms per cubic meter, and more preferably of more than 1000 kilograms per cubic meter.

According to the seventh aspect, the invention further contemplates a special method that allows a smooth production of novel floor panels. To this end, the invention relates in an independent manner to a method for manufacturing panels, wherein these panels are of the type which has at least one substrate and a top layer applied thereto, wherein for the manufacture of the panels, a carrier material is used on which a liquid substance is applied. applied, characterized in that the carrier material is based on a web-like material consisting of MDF or HDF. The web-shaped material preferably has a thickness of 1.5 to 3.5 millimeters. By the fact that the material is "web-shaped", it is meant that this material is provided as an almost endless strip, which may be unrolled with a roll.

Such a method can be used for manufacturing the floor panels with the characteristics of the aforementioned sixth aspect, wherein the aforementioned web-like material forms said intermediate layer in the final panel.

Such a method can also be used to manufacture the floor panels with the characteristics of the aforementioned first, second and / or third aspect, wherein the aforementioned web-like material forms said substrate in the final panel.

According to all aspects of the invention, the floor panel preferably has a thickness of 5 to 10 millimeters, said top layer per se having a thickness of 0.5 to 3 millimeters.

As mentioned above, according to all aspects of the invention, the floor panel is primarily intended for assembling floating floor coverings. To this end, the floor panel of the invention preferably has coupling means or coupling parts at least on two opposite edges, with which two such floor panels can be locked to each other both in the horizontal direction and in the vertical direction. This preferably relates to coupling means of the type known per se from WO 97/47834. Preferably, said coupling means are essentially designed as a tooth in groove coupling provided with locking means or locking parts, said tooth in groove coupling realizing said vertical locking, while said locking means or parts are provided for realizing said locking in horizontal direction. The coupling parts on the pair of long edges are preferably designed similarly to the coupling parts on the pair of short edges, and they preferably both allow at least one coupling by means of a turning movement along the relevant edges. However, it is not excluded that the coupling parts on the respective pairs of edges are of different design. For example, coupling parts can be provided at the long edges that allow at least one coupling by means of such a turning movement, while at the coupling parts at the short edges at least one coupling can be provided by means of a translation movement, for example by means of a horizontal sliding movement of the relevant movement. edges towards each other or by means of a downward movement of the relevant edges towards each other.

Preferably, said coupling means are mainly implemented in said substrate. The above-mentioned coupling means are preferably provided on the basis of a milling operation with rotating milling tools. The floor panel of the invention preferably relates to a rectangular, either elongated or square, panel which is provided with mechanical coupling means on both pairs of opposite edges.

According to a special embodiment, the floor panel is provided with a lowered edge on at least two opposite edges, for example on the long edges of an elongated floor panel, and preferably on all opposite edges, for example with the shape of a bevelled edge. Such a bevelled edge is preferably limited in depth to the thickness of said transparent or translucent layer. In case a deeper lowered edge is envisaged, the surface of the lowered edge can be provided with a separate decorative coating, or the color and / or appearance of a possible backing layer and / or the substrate can be adjusted to achieve the desired result effect. Said lowered edge is preferably realized by removing a material portion at the relevant edges. Alternatively, they can also be realized on the basis of a deformation exerted at the location of the edge material.

According to an alternative to the above special embodiment, the aforementioned lowered edge can in each case be provided on only one edge with a pair of opposite edges.

According to all aspects, the present invention relates to floor panels or other panels which are per se rigid and therefore cannot be rolled up per se. The final panel preferably has a thickness of more than 5 millimeters, but preferably of less than 15 millimeters. A good value for the thickness is 7 to 10 millimeters. Such panels lend themselves well to the provision of mechanical coupling means which allow two or more of such panels to be connected to each other at their edges. It is clear that also the possibly larger plates, from which a plurality of such floor panels are formed, and the substrates per se are rigid. The floor panels, plates and substrates are preferably so rigid that they bend less than 10 centimeters per meter under their own weight.

It is clear that, according to the invention, by "substrate" is meant an internal layer of the floor panel itself, which may per se be of one or more layers, but wherein the layer or layers in question have a common thickness that is greater than half of the thickness of the entire panel in question and / or wherein the layer or layers in question have a joint weight that is greater than half the weight of the entire panel in question. Preferably, the contour of the optional coupling parts is mainly or completely embodied in the substrate, but optionally with a sub-dimension which takes into account a coating layer of moisture-resistant or sealing substance to be applied thereto.

Preferably, the optional intermediate layer extends above the horizontal level determined by a central line of the floor panel, and even better above the central line of the optional coupling parts, such as above the central line determined by the tongue-in-groove coupling. Preferably, the respective intermediate layers of two similarly connected or coupled floor panels are free from mutual contact. By avoiding this contact, cracking noise can be limited or excluded. By avoiding this mutual contact, a more reliable contact can be obtained between the top layers themselves, whereby a water-sealing effect can optionally be obtained from the joints between two such floor panels. In the case of a top layer comprising thermoplastic plastic, a certain compression can occur at the level of the connection of the floor panels, which in itself is a positive property for achieving a possible water seal.

In the case where coupling parts are used that provide a locking both in a horizontal direction and in a vertical direction, so-called "pretensioning" is preferably applied. This principle is known per se from EP 1 026 341. The coupling parts and associated locking parts here comprise over a bendable or compressible part that is bent or compressed in the assembled state of two of such floor panels and produces a force which the panels face towards each other such that a certain active closure of the floor panels can be achieved. In the case of coupling parts which are essentially designed as a tongue-in-groove coupling, it is preferably the lower groove lip which is bent in the assembled state of the panels. The aforementioned "pre-stressing", in combination with a top layer containing thermoplastic material, can lead to an improved sealing of the connection of two such floor panels. Furthermore, in combination with respective intermediate layers that are free of mutual contact, "bias" can lead to a seal in a more reliable manner.

The above-mentioned provision of one or more lowered edges has the advantage that a possible bulging of the top layer is camouflaged. Such a sprain can for example result from a compression of thermoplastic material on the upper edge of the floor panels. Such compression may occur, for example, in the case of "bias".

With the insight to better demonstrate the characteristics of the invention, a few preferred embodiments are described below as an example without any limiting character, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: figure 1 represents a floor panel in perspective with, inter alia, the characteristics of the fifth aspect of the invention; Figure 2 represents a cross-section according to the line II-II shown in Figure 1; figure 3 represents a view on a larger scale of the area F3 indicated in figure 2; figure 4 represents a variant in a similar view; figures 5 to 8 show some steps in a possible method for manufacturing such a variant; figure 9 represents in a view similar to that of figure 2 another floor panel with the features of, among other things, the first aspect mentioned in the introduction; figure 10 schematically represents an example of a method with the features of the seventh aspect of the invention mentioned in the introduction; Figure 11 represents a panel with the features of, inter alia, the first aspect of the invention; figure 12 represents a cross-section on a larger scale according to the line XII-XII shown in figure 11; figure 13 represents on an even larger scale a view of the area indicated by F13 on figure 12; figure 14 represents a cross-section on the same scale as figure 12 according to the line XIV-XIV shown on figure 11; figure 15 represents on the same scale as figure 13 a view of the area indicated by figure F15 in figure 14; and figure 16 shows the installation of single panels with the features of, inter alia, the first aspect of the invention.

Figure 1 shows an elongated floor panel 1 with a pair of long opposite edges 2-3 and a pair of short opposite edges 4-5. Both the short pair of edges 4-5 and the long pair of edges 2-3 are herein provided with coupling means or coupling parts 6, with which two of such floor panels 1 can be coupled to the relevant edges 2-3-4-5 such that they are connected to each other. are locked both in a horizontal direction H1 perpendicular to the relevant edge 2-3-4-5 and in the plane of the floor panels 1, and in a vertical direction V1 perpendicular to the plane of the coupled floor panels 1. The coupling parts are preferably 6 on the pair of long edges 2-3 made similar to the coupling parts 6 on the pair of short edges 4-5, and they preferably both allow at least one coupling by means of a turning movement along the respective edges 2-3-4-5 . However, it is not excluded that the coupling parts 6 on the respective pairs of edges 2-3 and 4-5 are of different design. For example, at the long edges 2-3 coupling parts 6 can be provided which allow at least one coupling by means of such a turning movement, while at the coupling parts 6 at the short edges 4-5 at least one coupling can be provided by means of a translational movement, for example by by means of a horizontal sliding movement of the relevant edges 4-5 towards each other or by means of a downward movement of the relevant edges 4-5 towards each other. Preferably in the latter case it is achieved that the downward movement of the edges 4-5 and their coupling is automatically obtained by means of the turning movement at the edges 2-3. It is not excluded that the actual locking in the vertical direction V1 of the coupling parts 6 on the short pair of edges 4-5 is not automatically achieved, but requires an additional action on the part of the installer, as is the case, for example, with the coupling means known per se. are from, among others, WO 2009/116926.

Figure 2 clearly shows that these coupling parts 6 can be designed essentially as a tooth 7 and a groove 8, this groove 8 being delimited by an upper lip 9 and a lower lip 10. Said tooth 7 and groove 8 result in a manner known per se in the above-mentioned locking in vertical direction V1. For obtaining the locking in the horizontal direction H1, the said tooth 7 and groove 8 are provided with locking parts, which here mainly consist of a protrusion 11 near the end of the lower lip 10 and a recess 12 cooperating with it in the underside of the said tooth 7. On the right-hand side of figure 2 it is also shown that the cooperation of two of such floor panels 1 results in an extension B of the lower lip 10. This creates so-called "pre-stress", whereby two of such floor panels 1 are actively pressed towards each other.

Figure 2 further clearly shows that the floor panel 1 of the example is of the type that has a substrate 13 and a top layer 14 applied to it. The top layer 14 herein comprises at least one design 15 and a transparent or translucent layer 16 of thermoplastic plastic situated above it.

The special feature of the present invention according to its fifth and sixth aspect is that the floor panel 1 comprises an intermediate layer 17 between the aforementioned motif 15 and the aforementioned substrate 13. In this case it is an intermediate layer 17 comprising thermosetting plastic, more particularly an intermediate layer 17 consisting of HDF with a density of more than 1000 kilograms per cubic meter. The substrate 13 in this case comprises a foamed plastic sheet, more particularly a closed cell PVC sheet, with an average density of approximately 600 kilograms per cubic meter. The materials of the top layer 14, intermediate layer 17 and substrate 13 are selected such that the hardness of the intermediate layer 17 is greater than the hardness of the substrate 13 and the aforementioned transparent layer 16. In this case, the intermediate layer 17 is at least ten percent and better yet at least twenty percent harder than the substrate 13, the hardness being expressed on the Rockwell scale.

The substrate 13 here relates to an internal layer of the floor panel 1 itself, which in itself consists of a single layer and wherein the layer in question has a thickness T1 that is greater than half the thickness T of the entire panel 1 concerned.

In the example, the contour of the coupling parts 6 is completely embodied in the substrate 13, as is also clearly apparent from Figure 3. By the contour is meant the surface comprising all contact surfaces 18 between two coupled floor panels 1, with the exception of the contact surface 18A on the upper edge 19 of the panels 1. It is of course not excluded that, for example, the underside of the upper groove lip 9 and / or the upper side of the tooth 7 coming into contact with it consists of the material of the intermediate layer 17. In such a case, the remaining part of the contour of the coupling parts 6 is preferably formed in the material of the substrate 13.

In the example, the intermediate layer 17 extends above the horizontal level N1 determined by a central line of the floor panel 1. In this case, it even extends above the horizontal level N2 determined by a central line of the coupling parts 6, determined by the tongue-in-groove coupling 7-8.

Figure 3 clearly shows that the respective intermediate layers 17 of two similarly connected or coupled floor panels 1 are free from mutual contact. For this purpose an air chamber 20 is provided above the tongue-in-groove coupling 7-8 but below the surface of the floor panels 1. This air chamber 20 in this case consists of undercuts 21 which are arranged on both the tongue and the groove side of the panels 1. It is of course possible to obtain such an air chamber 20 by applying such undercut 21 only on one of both sides 2-3, preferably on the groove side; for example, the undercut 21 can also be useful in joining tooth 7 and groove 8.

Figure 3 furthermore shows that the top layer 14 in this case per se is composed of a back layer 22, a motif 15 applied to it and a transparent or translucent wear layer 16. The back layer 22 forms more than 45 percent of the total thickness of the top layer 14. The back layer 22 in this case consists of a layer of soft recycled PVC that is filled with chalk. The backing layer 22 per se has a higher density than the above-mentioned transparent or translucent layer 16. The motif 15 in this case is provided on a carrier 23. This is a printed PVC foil. For the transparent or translucent layer 16, a PVC layer with a thickness T2 of at least 0.2 millimeter is preferably used. The PVC layer is preferably no thicker than 0.6 millimeters. The inventors have found that a thickness T2 of 0.3 to 0.4 millimeters provides good wear resistance.

The combined thickness T3 of said top layer is preferably between 1.5 and 3 millimeters, a thickness T3 of 1.7 to 2.5 millimeters being desirable.

The aforementioned intermediate layer 17, in turn, preferably has a similar thickness T4 as the top layer 14, for example from 100 to 150 percent of the thickness T3 of the top layer 14.

Figure 4 shows that the edges 24 of the intermediate layer 17 can be treated with plastic or other moisture-resistant materials. This is especially interesting when working with the intermediate layer 17 with porous and / or moisture-sensitive materials, such as with MDF or HDF. In the example, an edge material 25 of plastic is used at the level of the intermediate layer 17 which extends from in the top layer 14 to the substrate 13. Such edge material 25 can be realized in any way. Such edge material 25 can also be used in any embodiment of the floor panels 1 with the characteristics of the fifth and / or the sixth aspect.

Figure 5 shows that it is possible to start from an assembly comprising the consolidated layers 13-14-17 of the floor panel 1, and which has already been obtained, for example, by division from a larger plate which has the same composition. In dashed line 26 the coupling parts 6 to be formed are shown.

Figure 6 shows that material portions can be removed, in this case for forming grooves 27, such that the edges 24 of the intermediate layer 17 to be sealed are at least partially released or become accessible. Such removal of material is preferably done on the basis of a machining operation with rotating milling tools. It is preferably a milling operation that is carried out in the same milling machine as the one used for milling the contour of the coupling parts 6.

Figure 7 shows that the aforementioned peripheral material 25 can then be introduced. The edge material 25 may, for example, consist of a solid material which is glued in the formed grooves 26 to the edges 24 of the intermediate layer 17 or of a liquid-applied material which hardens in the formed grooves 26. It is preferably a plastic material such as polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polyurethane or polypropylene. After this, the contour of the coupling parts 6 and the top edge 19 of the floor panels 1 can then be finished further.

Figure 8 shows the final result of the operations from Figures 5 to 7. The edge material 25 extends both at the tooth 7 and at the groove 8 from in the top layer 14 into the substrate 13. Preferably, such edge material 25 is applied to all edges 24 of the intermediate layer 17, for example to all edges 2-3 -4-5 of the floor panel 1.

Figure 9 shows a floor panel 1 with the features of, among others, the first, second and third aspect of the invention mentioned in the introduction. To this end, the floor panel 1 comprises a substrate 13, a top layer 14 applied thereto, and a bottom layer or counter layer 28 provided below. In the example, the top layer 14 has a similar composition as in the case of Figure 3, namely a design 15 and a transparent or translucent layer 16 above. The special feature of the example is that both said lower layer or counter layer 28 and said transparent or translucent layer 16 contain or even consist essentially of thermoplastic plastic, while the substrate 13 comprises thermosetting plastic. In this case, an MDF or HDF substrate 13 is used. PVC, preferably recycled PVC, is used for the back layer 28, filled with chalk. PVC is also used for the top layer 14. In principle, the same or similar composition can be used for the back layer as for the back layer 22.

In the example of Fig. 9 it is further noted that the contour of the coupling parts 6 is mainly formed from the substrate 13, or that at least nonetheless at least the vertically active contact surfaces 18B are formed from the substrate 13. Preferably also the horizontally active contact surfaces 18C, with the exception of the contact 18A at the upper edge 19 of the panels 1, are formed at least partially and preferably completely in the material of the substrate 13. It is not excluded that, for example, the underside of the upper groove lip 9 and / or the upper side of the tooth 7 coming into contact with it consists of the material of the top layer 14.

It is clear that no counter-layer is shown in the example of Figures 1 to 8, but that a counter-layer of any material can also be useful there. Preferably, a counter-layer of thermoplastic material is also used in such cases, such as, for example, a counter-layer comprising PVC and filling material, such as chalk.

Figure 10 schematically shows a few more steps in a method which, among other things, shows the features of the seventh aspect of the invention mentioned in the introduction. For the manufacture of panels 1 or larger plates, from which a plurality of such panels 1 can be obtained, a carrier material 29 is used on which a liquid or pasty substance 30 is applied. The special feature of the method of the invention is, however, that the carrier material 29 is based on a web-like material consisting of MDF or HDF or another wood-based material, such as chipboard. This relates to a web-like carrier material 29 with a thickness T5 of 1.5 to 3.5 millimeters, with 1.5 to 2.5 millimeters providing a smooth process. The carrier material 29 in question is supplied to the process from a roller 31 in the example.

In the example of Figure 10, a layer 32 containing thermoplastic plastic, in this case vinyl, is applied to the web-like material 27. To this end, an extruder 33 is arranged above a pair of heated rollers 34. With the aid of the extruder 33, amounts of vinyl are applied between the aforementioned heated rollers 34 and are pasted in pasty form onto the web-like carrier material 29, where it cures. The carrier material 29 can be heated per se, for example on the basis of one or more infrared heating units 35. The applied plastic can in the final floor panel 1, for example, form a backing layer 22 or a wear layer 16, depending on any layers already applied to the web material 29 in advance. or substances. For example, the support material 29 may already be provided with a printed plastic film, which represents the design 15 of the final floor panel 1. In such a case, the extruded vinyl forms a thermoplastic transparent or translucent layer 16 above the motif 4. It is clear that in a similar manner, optionally also the optional backing layer 22 and / or the optional backing layer 28 can be formed against the substrate 13.

Furthermore, it is also shown on figure 10 that the treated web-like material 29 can still be subjected to a pressing operation 36, heated or not, in which case a structure in the surface of the panels 1 or larger plates can be realized.

Prior to the pressing operation 36, the treated web material 29 is preferably cut with the cutting device 37 or sawing device. A so-called Kurz stroke press 38 is used here for the pressing operation 36. This is an open and closed pressing device which is provided with a structured pressing plate 39. The structure of the pressing plate 39 is imprinted in the surface of the panels 1 or the larger plates during the pressing operation 36.

Figure 11 shows a floor panel 1 with the features of, among others, the first aspect of the invention. In this case it concerns a rectangular and elongated floor panel 1 with a pair of long sides or edges 2-3 and a pair of short sides or edges 4-5.

Figure 12 shows that the floor panel 1 is of the type that has at least one substrate 13 and a top layer 14 applied to it. In the example, the top layer 14 has a thickness T3 of at least 0.3 millimeter, in this case even 0.5 millimeter or more. This is, in this specific example, an annealed thermoplastic top layer, which mainly consists of PVC. It is clear that, according to other examples, it is also possible to work with a non-annealed thermoplastic layer.

Figure 13 shows that the thermoplastic top layer 14 is preferably constructed per se from a backing layer 22, a motif 15 applied thereon and a transparent or translucent wear layer 16. The backing layer 22 preferably covers a thickness T4 of more than 45 percent of the total thickness T3 of the top layer 14. The back layer 22 in this case consists of a layer of soft recycled PVC which may be filled with chalk. The backing layer 22, in this case, has a higher density per se than the aforementioned transparent or translucent layer 16. The motif 15 is provided on a support 23 in this case. It is a printed PVC foil. For the transparent or translucent wear layer 16, a PVC layer with a thickness T2 of at least 0.2 millimeter is preferably used. The PVC layer is preferably no thicker than 0.6 millimeters. The inventors have found that a thickness T2 of 0.3 to 0.4 millimeters provides good wear resistance. The combined thickness T3 of said top layer 14 is preferably between 1.3 and 3 millimeters, with a thickness T3 of 1.7 to 2.5 millimeters being desirable.

For the substrate 13 of the floor panel 1 of Fig. 11, use is made of a substrate 13 which comprises wood particles, in this case wood fibers, connected to a binder, such as MDF or HDF. The substrate material used preferably has a residual moisture content of less than 10% by weight. Instead of MDF or HDF, it is also possible to opt for a substrate of low density, for example of less than 600 kilograms per cubic meter. It may, for example, be a wood-based material that comprises wood fibers obtained from recycled wood, and which are also connected to a binder. You can also opt for a chipboard.

At the bottom of the substrate 13 there is a bottom layer 12 or counter layer. In this case the back layer contains thermoplastic plastic. Preferably PVC, preferably recycled PVC, is used for the back layer or bottom layer 28, optionally filled with chalk. In principle, a similar composition can be used for the back layer or bottom layer 28 as for the back layer 22 located in the top layer 14. The back layer or bottom layer 28 shown here is of a thinner design than the aforementioned back layer 22. The inventors have found that this can be achieved inter alia be achieved when working with an annealed or tempered thermoplastic top layer 14. It is not excluded that the back layer or bottom layer 28 has a thickness that is less than half the thickness T4 of the back layer 22, also in cases where an annealed one thermoplastic top layer 14 is worked.

The floor panel 1 of figures 11 to 14 has at least one edge 4, in this case on both opposite edges of the short pair of sides 4-5, an edge portion 40 of synthetic material, wherein this synthetic material is different from the substrate material 13. The synthetic material here extends at least over 80 percent of the thickness T1 of the substrate 13. The attachment of the edge portion 40 to the substrate material 13 is achieved by the curing of the aforementioned synthetic material on the relevant part of the substrate material 13. In this case, by the curing of the synthetic material, an adhesion has also been obtained on the underside of the top layer 14 and on the side edges of the counter layer 28.

Figure 12 shows that the connection between the edge portion 40 and the substrate material 13 runs over a boundary surface 41 which has sub-surfaces 42 extending transversely to the normal of the surface 43 of the panel 1. In this case, the respective sub-surfaces 42 each time extend substantially horizontally. However, this is not necessarily the case, and it is possible to work with sloping sub-surfaces and / or curved boundary surfaces.

In the example, the relevant edge 4 of the substrate material 13 is formed exclusively from the aforementioned edge portion 40.

For the synthetic material of the edge portions 40 use has been made of a material obtained on the basis of a two-component system, such that the characteristics of the second aspect are also satisfied. Preferably a polyurethane is used, obtained on the basis of the components polyol and isocyanate. On the basis of this material a chemical bond can be obtained on the wood particles of the substrate 6. In addition, the polyurethane preferably exhibits the properties of a thermosetting polymer.

Figure 12 shows that the relevant edges 4-5 are profiled and that this profile has coupling means 6 with which this panel 1 can be coupled to other similar panels 1, as shown in broken line 44. In the coupled state, not shown here, arises locking both in a horizontal direction H1 perpendicular to the edge and in the plane of the panel 1, and in a vertical direction V1 perpendicular to the plane. The coupling means 6 shown here are mainly designed as a tooth 7 and a groove 8 bounded by a lower lip 9 and upper lip 10. For obtaining the locking in horizontal direction H1, tooth 7 and groove 8 are provided with cooperating locking parts, in this case case in the form of a protrusion 11 near the end of the lower lip 10 and a recess 12 cooperating therewith in the underside of said tooth 7. The tooth profile can in this case at least be guided by a turning movement W along the relevant edge in the groove 8 is introduced to achieve the coupled state. Preferably, the coupling means 6 also allow one or more other coupling movements, such as a coupling by means of a substantially horizontal sliding movement of the panels 1 towards each other.

Figure 14 shows that on the other pair of opposite edges 2-3, in this case on the long sides 2-3 of the floor panel 1, provisions have been made for reducing its water sensitivity, according to the present invention. The substrate has a profiling 45 at the relevant edges 2-3 and a profiling or sealing covering layer 46 is applied to this profiling 45, in this case a hot-melt adhesive, which may for instance be based on polyurethane.

This covering 46 extends, in the example, along the long sides 2-3 of the floor panel 1 at least over the full distance between the edge portions 40 of the short pair of edges 2-3. This relates to a covering 46 which has been calibrated at least on a part of the profiled edge area or profiling 45, such that the coupling means 6 and locking parts 11-12 present there experience no or hardly any hindrance in carrying out the coupling movement. What is special about the covering layer 46 shown here is that it extends over the profiling 45 to a side surface 47 of the aforementioned top layer 14. Moreover, the covering layer 46 is at least on one of the long edges, in this case on both long edges 2-3 , provided in an undercut 48 made in the aforementioned side surface 47. By means of this measure it is achieved that in the coupled state a gap of less than 0.2 millimeter is obtained between the upper edges 19 of the panels 1, and in this case not even any crack. Preferably, in the coupled state, a height difference between the upper edges 49 of less than 0.2 or 0.1 millimeter is obtained, and more preferably no height difference, that is to say a height difference of 0.05 millimeter or less.

The covering 46 extends at a maximum to a point 49 at a distance from the upper edge 19 or decorative side 43 of the relevant panel 1. At this point 49, the covering 46 is at least partially, in this case even completely, sunk into the aforementioned undercut 48.

In general, the tip 49 is preferably located in said recess or undercut 48 disposed in the side surface 47 of the top layer 14. Preferably, the aforementioned recess or undercut 48 extends substantially or even completely under the motif 15 of the top layer 14, as is the case here.

In the example of Fig. 14, the covering 46 is arranged at least calibrated on a portion of the profiled edge region or the profiling 45 that forms a contact surface 18B-18C in a coupled state of two such panels 1. In the present case this is arranged at least calibrated on the contact surfaces 18B responsible for the vertical lock V1 and on the contact surfaces 18C responsible for the horizontal lock H1.

According to the example of Fig. 14, coupling means 6 are used on the long pair of opposite edges 2-3 as on the short pair of opposite edges 4-5, in that they also allow coupling at least by means of a turning movement W along the respective edges. However, this is not necessarily the case, and it is possible that coupling by rotation is only possible at the long pair of edges 2-3, while the short pair of edges 4-5 allows at least one coupling by means of a substantially horizontal or downward coupling movement N from the respective edges 4-5 towards each other. Such an embodiment is shown in Figure 16.

The floor panel 1 of figure 16 is provided on the short pair of edges 4-5 with coupling means 6 which allow coupling by means of a downward movement N of the coupling means on one edge 4 in the coupling means on the other edge 5. The coupling means 6 are herein embodied as a male coupling part 50 and a female coupling part 51, wherein the male coupling part 50 can be arranged in the female coupling part 51 on the basis of said downward movement N.

Figure 16 illustrates how these panels 1 can be coupled, wherein these panels 1 are provided on the long sides 2-3 with coupling means 6 which allow at least one coupling by means of a turning movement W, and are provided on the short sides 4-5 of coupling means 6 allowing at least one coupling on the basis of a downward movement N. As shown, they can be joined together by means of a single folding movement N, the long sides 2-3 being rotated into each other and a downward coupling movement N automatically occurring on the short sides 4-5.

It is clear that the panels shown in the figures can possibly also be provided with an additional UV coating or surface layer on their surface, which is for instance intended to increase the scratch resistance of the surface, or the resistance to the formation of stains due to shoe soles.

Many of the features cited above and shown in the figures can, within the scope of the invention in all its aspects, be applied more broadly than in combination with the other features of the example. The following features can each yield interesting advantages individually or in any combination: the feature that the coupling means or coupling parts 6 on one or more pairs of opposite edges provide both a locking in the horizontal direction H1 and in the vertical direction V1, independently of the fact that the coupling means 6 are mechanical and / or whether or not mainly in the form of a tooth 7 and a groove 8; characterized in that at least one pair of cooperating horizontally active locking surfaces 18C of the coupling means 6 is formed at one or more opposite edges in the substrate 13 and / or that the substrate 13 has a profiling 45 provided with a covering layer 46, wherein at least one pair cooperating horizontally active locking surfaces 18C of the coupling means 6 on the cladding layer 46 is formed; characterized in that one or more pairs of cooperating vertically active locking surfaces 18B are formed at least partially and preferably completely from the substrate 13 and / or that the substrate 13 has a profiling 45 provided with a covering layer 46, wherein at least one pair of cooperating vertically active locking surfaces 18B of the coupling means 6 are formed on the covering layer 46; - the characteristic that the mechanical coupling means 6 consist of milled profiles which are provided for at least 70 percent of their circumference in the substrate 13 of the invention and / or that the edges of the substrate 13 on one or more edges of the panel 1 are milled have a profiling 45 which determines the shape of the coupling means 6, wherein this profiling 45 may optionally be provided with a covering layer 47; - the feature that both the first pair of opposite edges 5-6 and the second pair of opposite edges 7-8 are provided with coupling means; - the characteristic that the mechanical coupling means 6 permit a coupling on the basis of a revolving movement W along the respective edges 5-6 and / or a horizontal sliding movement S of the edges towards each other and / or a downward movement of a male coupling part, for example with a tooth 7, into a female coupling part, for example with a groove 8; - the feature that the lower lip 10 of the groove 8 extends in horizontal direction beyond the upper lip 9; characterized in that in a coupled state of two such floor panels 1 a tensioning force is obtained between the top layers 14 of the respective floor panels 1; the lower lip 10 of the groove 8 is then preferably in a bent state; characterized in that the lower lip 10 of the groove 8 has a bending B in a coupled state.

Preferably, the optional coating layer 46 has a global or average thickness D2 of at least 100 micrometers. Preferably, the thickness D2 of the coating layer 46 is 300 micrometers or less. Preferably, some variation in the thickness D2 of the covering layer 46 over the profiling 45 of the relevant edge is limited to a maximum of half the average thickness D2. Thus, it is achieved that the coating layer 46 is and / or remains completely covering. It is clear that the profiling 45 on which the covering layer 46 is situated preferably has the shape of the coupling means 6, but with some under-dimension. Preferably with an under-size such that, after the covering layer 46 has been applied, in the coupled state of two such floor panels a locking without play is created in all directions of the plane extending perpendicular to the relevant edge. Preferably, even a slight clamping or bias is obtained with the coupling means 6. Such bias is known per se, for example from EP 1 026 341, and can for instance be embodied as shown in figure 9, namely on the basis of an excess at the location of the locking parts 11-12, such that in the coupled state the lower lip 10 has an elastic bending B and, in an attempt to spring back, exerts a force against the underside of the tooth 7; which forces the panels 1 towards each other.

The present invention is by no means limited to the embodiments described above, but such methods and floor panels can be realized according to different variants without departing from the scope of the present invention. Moreover, instead of being floor panels, the panels can also be designed as wall panels or ceiling panels or even as furniture panels. The methods of the invention can of course be applied, mutatis mutandis, to the manufacture of wall panels, ceiling panels, furniture panels or the like.

Claims (12)

A floor panel of the type comprising at least one substrate (13), a top layer (14) applied thereto, and a bottom layer or counter layer (28) disposed below, said top layer (14) comprising at least one pattern (15) and one transparent or translucent layer (16) above, characterized in that both said lower layer or counter layer (28) and said transparent or translucent layer (16) consist essentially of thermoplastic plastic, and that said substrate (13) contains thermosetting plastic. A floor panel of the type comprising at least one substrate (13), a top layer (14) applied thereto, and a bottom layer or counter layer (28) disposed below, said top layer (14) comprising at least one pattern (15) and one transparent or translucent layer (16) above, characterized in that both said lower layer or counter layer (28) and said transparent or translucent layer (16) consist essentially of thermoplastic plastic, and that said substrate (13) contains vegetable particles. The floor panel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that both said bottom layer or counter layer (28) and said transparent or translucent layer (16) consist essentially of vinyl-based plastic. Floor panel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the aforementioned substrate (13) consists essentially of MDF or HDF. Floor panel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said top layer (14) and / or said bottom layer or counter layer (28) comprise or consist essentially of PVC. Floor panel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said top layer (14) and / or said bottom layer or counter layer (28) comprise filling material. Floor panel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thickness of the top layer (14) and the bottom layer or counter layer (28) make up at least 20 percent of the total thickness of the floor panel (1). Floor panel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the aforementioned substrate (13) makes up at least 50 percent of the total thickness of the floor panel (1). The floor panel according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said top layer (14) comprises a back layer (22) located below said motif (15), said back layer (22) being at least 45 percent of the total thickness of forms the top layer (14). The floor panel according to claim 9, characterized in that said backing layer (17) consists essentially of filled PVC. Floor panel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said transparent or translucent layer (16) mainly consists of PVC and / or plasticizer. Floor panel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the surface layer of this floor panel (1) is formed by a radiation-cured translucent or transparent plastic layer. /