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AU2020376136B2 - Shock-proof battery module, in particular for use in a submarine - Google Patents

Shock-proof battery module, in particular for use in a submarine Download PDF

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Publication number
AU2020376136B2
AU2020376136B2 AU2020376136A AU2020376136A AU2020376136B2 AU 2020376136 B2 AU2020376136 B2 AU 2020376136B2 AU 2020376136 A AU2020376136 A AU 2020376136A AU 2020376136 A AU2020376136 A AU 2020376136A AU 2020376136 B2 AU2020376136 B2 AU 2020376136B2
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AU
Australia
Prior art keywords
housing part
module housing
accumulators
module
battery module
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Application number
AU2020376136A
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AU2020376136A1 (en
Inventor
Marc Pein
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ThyssenKrupp AG
ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems GmbH
Original Assignee
ThyssenKrupp AG
ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems GmbH
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Publication of AU2020376136A1 publication Critical patent/AU2020376136A1/en
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Publication of AU2020376136B2 publication Critical patent/AU2020376136B2/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/107—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/172—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing
    • H01M50/174—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing adapted for the shape of the cells
    • H01M50/179—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing adapted for the shape of the cells for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/183—Sealing members
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/213—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/242—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries against vibrations, collision impact or swelling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/258—Modular batteries; Casings provided with means for assembling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/3425—Non-re-sealable arrangements in the form of rupturable membranes or weakened parts, e.g. pierced with the aid of a sharp member
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/547—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells
    • H01M50/55—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells on the same side of the cell
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
    • B63G8/00—Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
    • B63G8/08—Propulsion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a battery module (10). The battery module (10) has at least one first battery (20) and a second battery (20), and all of the batteries (20) have a cylindrical design. All the batteries (20) have at least one electric contact (24) on a first cylinder base, and all of the batteries (20) have a bursting membrane (22) on a second cylinder base. All of the batteries (20) are arranged parallel to one another, and all of the first cylinder bases are arranged in the same direction. All of the batteries (20) are arranged in the module housing, and the module housing has a first module housing part (30) and a second module housing part (40), wherein the first module housing part (30) and the second module housing part (40) are designed to be flat and are arranged perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction of the batteries (20). The first module housing part (30) has first recesses for receiving a respective share of the batteries (20) in the region of the first cylinder base surfaces, and the first module housing part (30) has openings for feeding through the electric connections in the region of the first recesses. The second module housing part (40) has second recesses for receiving a respective share of the batteries (20) in the region of the second cylinder base surfaces, and the second module housing part (40) has bursting points (44) in the region of the second recesses. A potting compound (50) is arranged between the first module housing part (30), the second module housing part (40), and the batteries (20), and a respective cavity (60) is arranged between the bursting points (44) of the second module housing part (40) and the bursting membranes (22) of the second cylinder bases.

Description

SHOCK-PROOF BATTERY MODULE, IN PARTICULAR FOR USE IN A SUBMARINE
1. FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to a battery module, in particular for lithium-based accumulators.
2. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Lithium-based accumulators are becoming of increasing interest, for example due to their high energy density. Especially for large energy storage systems, however, there are two fundamental differences, for example, from the lead-sulfuric acid accumulator. On the one hand, the individual cells cannot simply be enlarged arbitrarily. This leads to the fact that a large number of accumulators are regularly assembled into a larger module. On the other hand, it is precisely with these accumulators that the problem of thermal runaway exists. Since this also produces a large amount of gas, this means a significant risk, especially in critical environments, as has been shown in accumulators in aircraft.
Submarines traditionally have large-capacity batteries for underwater voyages, O making them a vital energy supply. Even in an emergency, it must always be ensured that energy is provided to keep the crew alive and to surface. Therefore, especially in the area of submarines, it is important that all important components are designed to be shock-proof, i.e. to survive a shock wave triggered by a detonation in the immediate vicinity and then still be functional. Extremely high forces occur in a short ?5 time.
At the same time, the safety of lithium cells in a submarine is much more important than, for example, in a passenger car. While there people can leave the vehicle almost immediately and safely, this is impossible with a submerged submarine. To make matters worse, a submerged submarine provides only a very small breathable atmosphere, so pollutants are not quickly released and diluted.
19206985_1 (GHMatters) P117869.AU
A battery with lithium cells with a flame-retardant filling foam between the lithium cells is known from patent document US 2012/0003508 Al.
A battery module with at least two battery cells and at least one safety valve each is known from patent document DE 10 2017 214 289 Al.
A battery system with multiple battery cells encapsulated within a potting compound is known from patent document DE 10 2015 219 280 Al.
An electrochemical accumulator with a degassing chamber for the absorption of a gas escaping from the cells in an accident is known from patent document DE 10 2008 013 188 Al.
A solid-state secondary battery is known from patent document JP 02 174 077 A.
A battery block with multiple battery cells and a potting compound is known from patent document DE 10 2016 001 287 Al, wherein the battery cells are surrounded by a polyimide coating.
3. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It would be advantageous to provide a battery module which ensures a high level of safety even in the event of a thermal runaway of a single accumulator.
In accordance with a first aspect, the battery module according to the invention is a ?5 shock-resistant battery module which is devised to be particularly suitable for use in a submarine. The battery module has at least a first accumulator and a second accumulator. Preferably, the battery module has 20 to 500, more preferably 50 to 200, such accumulators. All accumulators have a cylindrical design. This means that the individual accumulators are not designed as pouch cells, which can usually compensate for a larger change in volume. For this purpose, accumulators in cylindrical form can be easily produced and also connected in large numbers to form a module. All the accumulators have at least two electrical contacts, preferably
19206985_1 (GHMatters) P117869.AU exactly two, one for the anode and one for the cathode. All the accumulators have at least one electrical contact on a first cylinder end face. For example, the other electrical contact can be contacted via the jacket surface. Furthermore, all accumulators have a burst membrane on a second cylinder end face.
In the battery module, all accumulators are arranged parallel to each other, with all the first cylinder end faces arranged in the same direction. As a result, the electrical energy can be dissipated centrally on one side. All accumulators are arranged in a module housing.
The module housing has a first module housing part and a second module housing part. The first module housing part is flat and arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the accumulators. The second module housing part is also flat and arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the accumulators.
The first module housing part has first recesses for accommodating a part of each of the accumulators in the area of the first cylinder end faces. The first module housing part has openings in the area of the first recesses for feeding through the electrical connections. This is necessary in order to be able to contact the accumulators electrically and conduct away the power. The second module housing part has second recesses for accommodating a part of each of the accumulators in the area of the second cylinder end faces.
A potting compound is arranged between the first module housing part, the second ?5 module housing part and the accumulators. The potting compound ensures shock proof positioning of the accumulators relative to each other.
The second module housing part has burst points in the area of the second recesses. A cavity is arranged between the burst points of the second module housing part and the burst membranes of the second cylinder end faces. The cavity may be gas-filled, for example and preferably, in particular air-filled or shielding gas-filled, in particular with nitrogen or argon.
19206985_1 (GHMatters) P117869.AU
Due to the arrangement of all accumulators in the module housing, all accumulators are protected against the environment. If a thermal runaway of an accumulator occurs, it produces large amounts of hot gases, which, in direct contact, can easily lead to neighboring accumulators also becoming critical and undergoing thermal runaway themselves. However, since the accumulators are protected within the module housing, a single accumulator running away cannot make adjacent accumulators critical. However, a simple and complete installation would mean that the resulting pressure cannot be dissipated. If a single accumulator now experiences a thermal runaway, a pressure is created inside the accumulator, causing the burst membrane to burst on the second cylinder end face. This increases the pressure in the cavity, which is adjacent to the accumulator. This increase in pressure also causes the burst point in the area of the second recesses of the second module housing part to burst, so that the resulting gases are discharged to the outside and the pressure is reduced without further damage being produced.
In a further embodiment of the invention, all accumulators have at least two electrical contacts on the first cylinder end face.
O In a further embodiment of the invention, a seal is arranged between the first module housing part and the accumulators in each case. The seals mean that there can be no contact between the potting compound and the openings of the first recesses of the first module housing part or the accumulators' electrical contacts. In particular, this prevents the openings or contacts from becoming closed or made inaccessible ?5 by the potting compound itself and thus preventing electrical contact.
In a further embodiment of the invention, one or more seals are placed on the electrical contacts leading through the openings. These serve to prevent the ingress of moisture and corrosion, for example.
In a further embodiment of the invention, the distance between the second module housing part and the jacket surfaces of the accumulators is 0.1 mm to 5 mm,
19206985_1 (GHMatters) P117869.AU preferably from 0.2 mm to 2 mm. This gap width is optimal, since the potting compound can penetrate a little into the gap to establish the mechanical connection between the accumulators and the second module housing part, but cannot penetrate completely and thus prevent the formation of the cavity.
In a further embodiment of the invention, the electrical contacts of the accumulators protrude from the battery module through the openings of the first recesses in the first module housing part.
In a further alternative embodiment of the invention, the electrical contacts are electrically connected by means of a bus bar located in the first module housing part and thus the power is led away from the battery module. For this purpose, the first module housing part has, for example, at least a first bus bar to contact one of the two contacts on each accumulator. Preferably, the first module housing further has at least a second bus bar to contact the other of the two contacts on each accumulator. This corresponds to a parallel electrical connection. Alternatively, the accumulators can also be connected in series to achieve a higher output voltage. The disadvantage here is that the failure of an accumulator would interrupt the electrical functionality. There may also be a combination of series connection and parallel connection.
In a further embodiment of the invention, one contact is contacted via a first bus bar and the second contact is led out and contacted outside the battery module.
?5 In a further embodiment of the invention, the first module housing part and the second module housing part consist of a fiber-reinforced plastic, preferably a fiber reinforced epoxy, in particular of glass fiber-reinforced epoxy.
In a further embodiment of the invention, the potting compound is a thermosetting material, preferably an epoxy.
19206985_1 (GHMatters) P117869.AU
Preferably, the potting compound has a modulus of elasticity of 25 to 200 MPa, more preferably of 50 to 125 MPa, particularly preferably of 60 to 90 MPa, according to ISO527.
Preferably, the potting compound has a tensile strength of 2 to 20 MPa, more preferably of 3 to 15 MPa, particularly preferably of 4 to 9 MPa, according to ISO 527.
Preferably, the potting compound has a hardness of 20 to 100 Shore D according to ISO 53505, preferably of 35 to 80, more preferably of 50 to 75.
In a further embodiment of the invention, the accumulators are separated from the potting compound by a polyimide film, in particular a film of a polycondensate of 1,2,4,5-benzene tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride and 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether. Polyimide is particularly impact-resistant and thus leads to a further separation and thus securing of the accumulators relative to each other.
In a further embodiment of the invention, the thermal conductivity of the potting compound is greater than 0.03 W / (m - K), preferably greater than 0.2 W / (m K), more preferably greater than 0.5 W / (m - K), particularly preferably greater than 0.8 W / (m - K). Even if an arbitrarily high thermal conductivity would be desirable, the potting compound realistically has a thermal conductivity that is less than 20 W (m - K), more likely less than 5 W / (m - K), even more likely less than 2 W / (m - K). In particular, the thermal conductivity is determined according to ISO 8894-1.
In a further embodiment of the invention, the distance between the burst points of the second module housing part and the burst membranes of the second cylinder end faces is 0.5 mm to 2 mm.
In a further embodiment of the invention, the burst points of the second module housing part have a thickness of 0.1 mm to 0.4 mm. Particularly preferably, the burst points of the second module housing part consist of the same material of which the
19206985_1 (GHMatters) P117869.AU second module housing part also consists. Particularly preferably, the burst points are produced by a reduction in the wall thickness in this area of the second module housing part. In a further development of the embodiment, a circular groove is arranged around the burst point.
In a further embodiment of the invention, the second module housing part has at least a first gas channel, wherein the first gas channel at least connects the burst point of the second module housing part, which is arranged downstream of the first accumulator, and the burst point of the second module housing part, which is arranged downstream of the second accumulator, to each other on the opposite side of the cavities. Through the first gas channel, gases that arise during a thermal runaway or other exothermic chemical reaction of an accumulator can thus be dissipated in a targeted manner, for example dissipated upwards. This is particularly preferred if multiple battery modules are to be placed next to each other so that the resulting gases do not come into contact with the electrical contacts of another battery module, as they could damage them.
In a further aspect of the invention, a large battery module is formed from two battery modules. The battery modules are preferably designed according to one of the above embodiments. The two battery modules are arranged in the large battery module in such a way that the first cylinder end faces of all accumulators are arranged towards the center of the large battery module and thus directly opposite each other. The distance between the battery modules is between 1/20 and 1/1 of the extent of the battery module in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the accumulators, for ?5 example between 10 cm and 20 cm. As a result, all electrical cables run in the middle, preferably mirror-symmetrically from both sides. This makes cabling possible with a very low electromagnetic signature and thus reduces the probability of detection for a submarine with such a large battery module. In a gap between the two battery modules, therefore, at least the electrical contacting is arranged. Furthermore, the gap is encapsulated with the potting compound and cured. It may be advantageous to attach a border around the gap before potting to prevent leakage of the potting compound. The border can then be removed again. Although this
19206985_1 (GHMatters) P117869.AU makes it practically impossible to carry out maintenance work or repairs, it is advantageous that all contacts within the potting compound are stabilized and thus shock-proof. Therefore the contacts cannot or can hardly detach from the contacting and the potting compound prevents a loosened contact in the space between them from moving freely. A short circuit due to a loosened contact is thus practically impossible.
In a further embodiment of the invention, the large battery module has a base plate, wherein the base plate is glued to the two battery modules and/or encapsulated. The two battery modules can also be screwed together, for example for a first fixing before potting. Bonding and/or potting produces a large-scale connection between the base plate and the battery modules so that the forces occurring in the event of a shock can be transmitted safely and non-destructively. For example, the connection to a guide rail can be established via the base plate.
In a further embodiment of the invention, a cooling water supply and cooling water drainage in the gap are encapsulated in the potting compound.
In a further aspect, the invention relates to a method for producing a battery module, O wherein the method has the following steps: a) providing a first module housing part, wherein the first module housing part has first recesses for accommodating a part of each of the accumulators in the area of the first end faces, wherein the first module housing part has openings in the area of the first recesses for leading through at least one electrical connection, ?5 b) providing a second module housing part, wherein the second module housing part has second recesses for accommodating a part of each of the accumulators in the area of the second end faces, wherein the second module housing part has burst points in the area of the second recesses, c) arranging the first module housing part in such a way that the first recesses are arranged facing upwards, the openings being arranged facing downwards,
19206985_1 (GHMatters) P117869.AU d) arranging accumulators in the first recesses, wherein the first cylinder end faces with the respective at least one electrical contact are arranged facing downwards, e) arranging the second module housing part in such a way that the accumulators are inserted with the second end faces into the second recesses of the second module housing part, f) introducing a mixture of epoxy resin and hardener into the area between the first module housing part and the second module housing part, g) curing the mixture to form a potting compound.
The introduction of the mixture of epoxy resin and hardener in the area between the first module housing part and the second module housing part is carried out in particular in such a way that a gas inclusion is formed in the area between the burst points of the second module housing part and the membranes of the accumulator.
In other words, the first module housing part is first placed in such a way that the first recesses point upwards, in which the accumulators are then inserted in such a way that the electrical contacts point downwards. The second module housing part is then placed on top of the accumulators and the area between the module housing parts is filled with a mixture of epoxy resins and hardener and this is then cured. This then creates the finished battery module.
This procedure and in particular the spatial arrangement lead to the fact that gas inclusions form during backfilling in the second recesses of the second module ?5 housing part, which then form desired cavities after curing the material, which leave parts of the accumulators uncovered. Due to the partial penetration of the epoxy material from below into the second recesses, the gas cannot escape in these areas, so the pressure slowly increases and creates a counterforce against the penetration of the epoxy material. This prevents the penetration of potting compound between the burst membranes and burst points and ensures the safety of the battery module. For the operation of the battery module, this battery module would usually be rotated by 900, so that the individual accumulators are not vertical, but are arranged
19206985_1 (GHMatters) P117869.AU horizontally. However, if the battery module were manufactured in this orientation, the cavities would not form or at least not with the same reliability.
In a further embodiment of the invention, between step d) and step e) a sealing adhesive is introduced into the gap between the jacket surfaces of the accumulators and the first module housing parts. The sealing adhesive is intended to prevent the liquid mixture of epoxy resins and hardener from reaching and blocking the openings of the first module housing part and/or the electrical contacts of the accumulators. As a further positive side effect, it is also achieved that the accumulators are fixed relative to the first module housing part and thus stability is already ensured. This makes it easier to fit the second module housing part, as all accumulators maintain their relative position.
In an alternative embodiment of the invention, an O-ring is applied to each accumulator before step d), which is arranged in step d) in the gap between the jacket surfaces of the accumulators and the first module housing.
In a further embodiment of the invention, a mold is arranged before step f), which is removed again after step g). For example, and in particular, after step e) an outer lateral border is attached as a mold for the battery module, which prevents a lateral escape of the potting compound. Preferably, this mold additionally has an insertion device for introducing the potting compound. Alternatively, a tub-shaped mold, for example, can be provided before step c), in which the first module housing part is then inserted in step c). Subsequently, the further making up and curing of the ?5 mixture as well as the subsequent removal of the mold takes place.
Alternatively, a lateral sealing of the housing is also achieved by the fact that the module housing parts contact each other extensively or are temporarily closed on the side by covers, wherein the corners are removed again after encapsulation.
19206985_1 (GHMatters) P117869.AU
In a further embodiment of the invention, before step d) the accumulators are wrapped with a polyimide film, in particular a film of a polycondensate of 1,2,4,5 benzene tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride and 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether.
In a further aspect, the invention relates to a method for producing a large battery module according to the invention. In addition to the steps of the method for the production of a battery module, the following steps will be carried out after step g): h) provision of a second battery module produced in accordance with steps a) to g) of the method, i) arranging the two battery modules with the first cylinder end face facing each other so that a space is created between the two battery modules, j) introducing a mixture of epoxy resin and hardener into the space between the two battery modules and curing the mixture.
In a further embodiment of the invention, the attachment of electrical connections to the contacts of the accumulators is carried out. This can be done before step h), after step i) or partly before step h) and after step i).
In a further embodiment of the invention, the attachment of cooling water connections to the battery modules is carried out. This can be done before step h), after step i) or partly before step h) and after step i).
In a further aspect, the invention relates to an energy storage device. The energy storage device has a load output for the transfer of electrical energy to at least one ?5 consumer. For example, this is a bus bar that collects the electrical energy from various accumulators and transfers it to the on-board electrical system of, for example, a submarine. The energy storage device has at least a first battery module according to the invention. Preferably, multiple modules are arranged grouped in strings. More preferably, multiple strings are arranged. A submarine, for example, usually has an energy storage device which has about 10 to 50 strings, wherein each string has about 4 to 10 modules. For example, a module may have 20 to 500 accumulators.
19206985_1 (GHMatters) P117869.AU
In a further aspect, the invention relates to watercraft with an energy storage device according to the invention. Preferably, the watercraft is a military watercraft. In particular, the military watercraft is selected from the group including submarines, aircraft carriers, helicopter carriers, cruisers, destroyers, frigates, corvettes, landing ships, minelayers, mine clearance vehicles, mine-hunting vehicles, patrol boats, speedboats, escort boats, hovercraft and reconnaissance ships. Particularly preferably, the military watercraft is selected from the group including submarines, cruisers, destroyers, frigates, corvettes, speedboats and escort boats. Particularly preferably, the military watercraft is a submarine.
The battery module according to the invention is explained below in more detail on the basis of an exemplary embodiment shown in the drawings.
4. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a schematic illustration of a battery module according to an embodiment of the invention; Fig. 2 is a schematic illustration of a a battery module embodiment similar to fig. 1 but with seals; Fig. 3 is a schematic illustration of a battery module embodiment similar to fig. 1 but with a gas channel; Fig. 4 is a schematic illustration of a battery module embodiment similar to fig. 1 but with a bus bar Figs. 5 to 10 comprise a sequence of schematic illustrations showing an assembly sequence of a battery module according to fig. 4; and
Fig. 11 is a highly schematic illustration of a large battery module in accordance with another embodiment of the invention.
5. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION In fig. 1 the battery module 10 is shown schematically in cross-section. The battery module 10 has six accumulators 20 shown by way of example. The accumulators 20
19206985_1 (GHMatters) P117869.AU each have two electrical contacts 24, via which electrical energy can be output. A respective burst membrane 20 of the accumulator 20 is arranged on the opposite side of the cylindrically constructed accumulators. The accumulators 20 are located in a module housing, which consists of a first module housing part 30, a second module housing part 40 and a potting compound 50. The first module housing part 30 has first recesses, which can be recognized in fig. 1 as those depressions facing downwards. The accumulators 20 each protrude slightly into these first recesses. The electrical contacts 24 of the accumulators 20 protrude through openings in the first recesses to the outside, so that electrical contact of the entire battery module 10 is possible via the individual electrical contacts 24 on one side. Alternatively, the electrical contacting can be carried out independently within the first module housing part 30 without the electrical contacts 24 protruding from the first module housing part 30 in order to provide a closed surface. In this alternative, electrical cables can then be arranged in the first module housing part 30.
The second module housing part 40 has mirror-image recesses compared to the first module housing part 30, as the two are placed on the opposite sides of the accumulators.
For example, the burst point 44 is produced by thinning out the second module housing part 40, for example when drilling out the second recesses from the second module housing part 40.
Usually, for example, one would operate the battery module 10 rotated by 90 °
?5 counterclockwise. As a result, the accumulators 20 come into a lying position, wherein the electrical contacts 24 are all accessible on one side.
Fig. 2 additionally shows seals 70 between the accumulators 20 and the first module housing part 30.
In fig. 3, the battery module 10 also has a gas channel 90. The gas channel 90 is arranged in such a way that it runs behind the burst points 44 in such a way that it
19206985_1 (GHMatters) P117869.AU receives and dissipates the escaping gases. If thermal runaway of an accumulator 20 occurs, the burst membrane 22 thereof bursts. The resulting gases reach the cavity 60, whereby the internal pressure thereof increases and the burst point 44 of the second module housing part 40 also bursts and thus conducts the resulting gases into the gas channel 90. The resulting gases are discharged via the gas channel 90. If the battery module is operated in a 90 0 counterclockwise rotated state, the gas channel 90 points upwards, which is conducive to the removal of hot gases through the gas channel 90. In this case, the gas channel 90 is closed at the bottom and open at the top, being closedbyavalveorclosed by another closure membrane. The closure membrane may be designed in such a way that it closes the opening and is opened when gas escapes. It is a thin adhesive film, for example. The dual sided closure of the gas channel 90 prevents moisture from accumulating in the gas channel 90 in a damp or wet environment.
A battery module 10 with a first bus bar 100 is shown In fig. 4. The accumulators 20 are rotated by 90 0 compared to fig. 1 to fig. 3 so that the second electrical contact 24 is behind the first. A second bus bar is arranged behind the first bus bar 100, so that the two poles are tapped separately. The electrical contacts 24 can be connected electrically and mechanically to the busbars 100 when inserting the accumulators 20, for example by means of conductive silver adhesive.
In fig. 5 to fig. 10, the method for producing a battery module 10 is shown schematically. Fig. 5 shows the first module housing part 30, which is arranged horizontally, so that the first recesses are arranged pointing upwards and the ?5 openings are arranged pointing downwards. In fig. 6 the accumulators 20 are inserted into the first recesses of the first module housing part 30 so that the electrical contacts 24 protrude downwards through the openings. Next, a seal, in particular in the form of a sealing adhesive, is inserted into the area between the jacket surface of the accumulators 20 and the first module housing part 30 in the area of the first recesses, as shown in fig. 7. On the one hand, this ensures that the accumulators 20 are already mechanically fixed. On the other hand, it prevents the potting compound from penetrating into deeper areas. After fitting the module
19206985_1 (GHMatters) P117869.AU housing part 40 on the accumulators 20, this results in the image shown in fig. 8. To ensure that no potting compound reaches the outside when filling the interior with potting compound, a mold 80 is attached to the outside as shown in fig. 9. Subsequently, a mixture 52 of resin and hardener is introduced, as shown in fig. 10. This is cured and after curing the casting mold 80 is removed. After removal of the mold 80, the battery module 10 shown in fig. 1 is obtained.
A large battery module 110 is shown in fig. 11. The large battery module 110 has two battery modules 10, each of which is arranged in such a way that the first cylinder end faces of all accumulators 20 point towards the middle, where the electrical contacting 130 is arranged in the gap. This gap is encapsulated with a potting compound 50. The base plate 120 can, for example, be glued to the battery modules 10 before assembling the large battery module 110 or may be connected to it when encapsulating the gap with the potting compound 50 by potting compound flowing under the battery modules 10. Alternatively, the base plate 120 can also first be glued to the battery modules 10 at the edge, for example, and then further encapsulated by penetrating potting compound 50. In all cases, a full-surface connection between the battery modules 10 and the base plate 120 is desirable.
19206985_1 (GHMatters) P117869.AU
Reference characters 10 Battery module 20 Accumulator 22 Burst membrane 24 Electrical contact 30 First module housing part 40 Second module housing part 44 Burst point 50 Potting compound 52 Mixture of resin and hardener 60 Cavity 70 Seal 80 Mold 90 Gas channel 100 Bus bar 110 Large battery module 120 Base plate 130 Electrical contacting
19206985_1 (GHMatters) P117869.AU

Claims (19)

1. A battery module devised as a shock-resistant battery module for use in a submarine, comprising: at least a first accumulator and a second accumulator, wherein all the accumulators have (i) a cylindrical design, (ii) at least two electrical contacts at least one of which is located on a first cylinder end face, and (iii) a burst membrane on a second cylinder end face; and a module housing in which all accumulators are arranged parallel to each other with all first cylinder end faces facing in the same direction, wherein the module housing has a first module housing part and a second module housing part, wherein the first module housing part is of flat configuration and is arranged perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of the cylindrical accumulators, wherein the second module housing part is of flat configuration and is arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the accumulators, wherein the first module housing part has first recesses for accommodating a part of each of the accumulators in the area of the first cylinder end faces, wherein the first module housing part has openings in the area of the first recesses for feeding through electrical connections for the electrical contacts, wherein the second module housing part has second recesses for accommodating a part of each of the accumulators in the area of the second cylinder end faces, wherein the second module housing part has burst points in the area of the second recesses, wherein a potting compound is arranged between the first module housing part, the second module housing part and the accumulators, wherein the potting compound is devised to ensure a shock-proof positioning of the accumulators relative to each other, and wherein a respective cavity is arranged between the burst points of the second module housing part and the burst membranes of the second cylinder end faces.
2. The battery module as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that a seal is arranged between the first module housing part and each of the accumulators.
19206985_1 (GHMatters) P117869.AU
3. The battery module as claimed in either one of the preceding claims, characterized in that there is a distance of 0.1 mm to 5 mm, or of 0.2 mm to 2 mm, between the second module housing part and jacket surfaces of the cylindricalaccumulators.
4. The battery module as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrical contacts of the accumulators protrude from the battery module through the openings of the first recesses in the first module housing part.
5. The battery module as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the potting compound is a thermosetting material, preferably an epoxy resin.
6. The battery module as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the accumulators are at least partially separated from the potting compound by a polyimide film, and wherein the polyimide film is optionally a polycondensate of 1,2,4,5-benzene tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride and 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether.
7. The battery module as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thermal conductivity of the potting compound is greater than 0.03 W / (m - K), and preferably greater than 0.2 W / (m - K).
8. The battery module as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a distance between the burst points of the second module housing part and the burst membranes of the second cylinder end faces is 0.5 mm to 2 mm.
19206985_1 (GHMatters) P117869.AU
9. The battery module as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the burst points of the second module housing part have a thickness of 0.1 mm to 0.4 mm.
10.The battery module as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second module housing part has at least a first gas channel that connects at least the burst point of the second module housing part, which is arranged downstream of the first accumulator, and the burst point of the second module housing part, which is arranged downstream of the second accumulator, to each other on the opposite side of the cavities.
11.A large battery module formed from two battery modules as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the two battery modules are arranged in such a way that the first cylinder end faces of all accumulators are arranged facing towards a center of the large battery module and thus directly opposite each other, wherein a gap between the two battery modules contains at least the electrical connections, and wherein the gap is encapsulated with potting compound.
12.The large battery module as claimed in claim 11, characterized in that it comprises a base plate that is glued to the two battery modules and/or encapsulated.
13.The large battery module as claimed in claim 11 or 12, characterized in that a cooling water supply and a cooling water discharge in the gap are encapsulated in the potting compound.
19206985_1 (GHMatters) P117869.AU
14.A method for producing a battery module as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the method has the following steps:
a) providing the first module housing part with the first recesses for accommodating a part of each of the cylindrical accumulators in the area of the first end faces, wherein the first module housing part openings in the area of the first recesses are used for carrying out at least one electrical connection, b) providing the second module housing part with the second recesses for accommodating a part of each of the accumulators in the area of the second end faces, c) arranging the first module housing part in such a way that the first recesses are arranged facing upwards and the openings are arranged facing downwards, d) arranging the accumulators in the respective first recesses, wherein the first cylinder end faces with the respective at least one electrical contact are arranged facing downwards, e) arranging the second module housing part in such a way that the accumulators with the second end faces are inserted into the respective second recesses of the second module housing part, f) inserting a mixture of epoxy resin and hardener into the area between the first module housing part and the second module housing part, and g) curing the mixture to form the potting compound.
15.The method as claimed in claim 14, characterized in that between step d) and step e) a sealing adhesive is introduced into the gap between the jacket surfaces of the accumulators and the first module housing.
16.The method as claimed in claim 14, characterized in that before step d) an O-ring is applied to each of the accumulators, which is arranged in step d) in the gap between the jacket surfaces of the accumulators and the first module housing.
19206985_1 (GHMatters) P117869.AU
17.The method as claimed in any one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that before step f) a mold is arranged, which is removed again after step g).
18.The method as claimed in any one of claims 14 to 17, characterized in that before step d) the accumulators are wrapped with a polyimide film, in particular a film of a polycondensate of 1,2,4,5-benzene tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride and 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether.
19. A method for producing a large battery module as claimed in any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein in addition to the method for producing a battery module as claimed in any one of claims 14 to 18, the method is characterized in that after step g) the following steps are carried out:
h) providing a second battery module produced according to steps a) to g) of the method according to any one of claims 14 to 18, i) arranging the two battery modules with the first cylinder end faces facing each other, so that a space is produced between the two battery modules, and j) inserting a mixture of epoxy resin and hardener into the space between the two battery modules and curing the mixture.
19206985_1 (GHMatters) P117869.AU
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