AT516115A1 - Process for a photochemical, such as photocatalytic and / or photosynthetic, process - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a device for a photochemical process, in particular for the cultivation and production or hydroculturing of microorganisms. A reaction medium (8) is guided meander-shaped in a reactor element (2) which is formed at least from two upright, connected chambers (4). Several reactor elements (2) are connected in series to form a biosolar reactor and, due to the hydrostatic pressure and level compensation in the biosolar reactor, a flow of the reaction medium which is stress-free for the microorganisms is produced. The introduction of additives (20), such as air, oxygen or CO 2 takes place during the process at the bottom of the liquid column. The additives (20) are introduced via at least one distribution line (21) with a discharge element (22), wherein each chamber (4) of the reactor element (2) is associated with at least one discharge element (22) of the distribution line (21). At presettable time intervals, a cleaning process to remove deposits on the dispensing element (22) is performed.

Description

The invention relates to a method, a device and a biosolar reactor as described in the preambles of claims 1, 14 and 22.

From AT 506 373 B1 a system is known, in which the biosolar reactor consists of at least one reactor element, the reactor element being formed of at least two upright, downwardly connected tubes in order to achieve a meandering course of a reaction medium. In this case, the reaction element has an inlet and an outlet at the upper edge of the reactor. The meandering guidance of the medium takes place vertically, whereby due to the hydrostatic pressure and level equilibrium a stress-free flow is generated for the medium. The introduction and discharge of the medium takes place at the top of the plant.

A disadvantage of such a system that a supply of the system with additives only limited functions, since after a short time, the microorganisms or algae deposit on the distribution line and close this. This can lead to a shortage of supplies that are not supplied enough or the supply can be completely interrupted when completely closed. Such plants have a high maintenance effort to clean the distribution line.

Another similar plant is known from AT 507 989 B1, in which now the reactor element is arranged in a preferably light-permeable liquid. Again, the same disadvantages occur.

From DE 41 34 813 A1 a bioreactor for phototropic microorganisms, which consists of glass or plastic, known. The culture medium is either pumped through the bioreactor or directed meandering down the horizontally positioned web plates. Furthermore, turbulence generating means are mounted in the lands. According to this method, carbon dioxide is introduced at the top and the operation becomes natural or

Artificial light used. The bioreactor is placed or tracked at right angles to the light source.

Furthermore, from GB 2 235 210 A and DE 196 44 992 C1, bioreactors for phototropic microorganisms or for photocatalytic processes are also known.

The object of the invention is to provide a method, a device and a biosolar reactor of the initially cited type, which on the one hand avoid the above disadvantages and on the other hand ensure long-term safe and maintenance-free operation in the introduction of additives into the reaction medium of the plant. Another object of the invention is to achieve an improved introduction of additives into the reaction medium of the plant.

The process according to the invention for a photochemical, as photocatalytic and / or photosynthetic process, in particular for cultivation and / or hydroculturing of, preferably phototrophic, microorganisms, is characterized in that the additives are introduced via at least one distribution line with a delivery element, each chamber of the reactor element at least a dispensing element is associated with the distribution line and that at a presettable time interval a cleaning process for removing deposits on the dispensing element is performed. With the invention it is possible for the first time that a very long-maintenance-free operation of the system is made possible because it is ensured via the cleaning process that the openings of the distributor line, in particular the openings of the delivery element, are freed of deposits. This is achieved in a simple manner by increasing the pressure, as this further expands and opens the deformable and reversible material, thereby loosening and repelling the deposits. At the same time, the size of the bubble can be influenced and the volume introduced can be controlled. In particular, it is advantageous that thereby a flow-assisting feed is made, so that the system is operated practically without pumps. Should it be necessary to use a pump, the speed and thus the load for the reaction medium can be kept extremely low.

According to an embodiment of the invention, to increase the flow of the reaction medium into an ascending branch, a greater volume or volume of additive, in particular twice or twice the volume, is fed via the discharge element into the chamber of the reactor element than when a branch is falling. It is thereby achieved that, on the one hand, an assistance in the flow direction takes place through the ascending gaseous additives and, on the other hand, the opposing resistance in the case of a sloping branch is reduced by the ascending gas bubbles. Thus, it is possible that such a plant may be operated without aids such as pumps, since movement of the reaction medium is caused due to the introduction of gases, so that a flow for the reaction medium is formed in the plant. Of course, it is possible that the plant could also be operated with pumps.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the distribution line is supplied from both sides of the reactor element, in particular from the two end faces of the reactor element. Thereby it can be ensured that a uniform pressure is present over the entire length of the distributor line and thus a uniform bubble formation takes place in the reactor element.

According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the additive with a pressure between 0.4 bar and 4.0 bar, in particular between 1.0 and 2.0 bar, fed. This ensures that the delivery element in the distribution line is constantly open and the reactor medium is continuously supplied with additives.

According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the additives are in the form of balls or possibly round bubbles, preferably with a diameter between 0.5 to 5 mm, in particular 1 to 3 mm, from

Output element generated in the distribution line. As a result, it is achieved in an advantageous manner that optimum mixing of the microorganisms or algae occurs when the spheres rise, and the microorganisms or algae thus come into sufficient contact with the additives.

According to a special feature of the invention, the dispensed Mengebzw. the delivered volume of additives, in particular CO 2, controlled or regulated as a function of the pH determined in the reaction medium. This advantageously achieves that optimum growth is achieved.

According to a further particular feature of the invention, the discharge elements are formed in the distribution line and / or the distribution line itself is formed from a reversible deformable material, in particular a silicone tube or a silicone insert element. By using such a material, it is achieved in a simple manner that the delivery element consists of a reversible and easily stretchable material, so that it can be extended very far in the cleaning process. This loosens the deposits and releases from the manifold, upon completion of the cleaning process the manifold, in particular the discharge member, returns to its normal shape and size to provide optimum balling for the bubbles of the additives.

According to a very particular feature of the invention, the dispensing element in the distribution conduit is formed by a longitudinal slot aligned longitudinally of the distribution conduit, preferably 0.3 to 3 mm in length and 0.1 to 1 mm in width. With such advantageous embodiment, a very simple and cost-effective manufacture. Moreover, the formation of longitudinal slots allows for easy variation of different lengths and widths.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, each output branch of the reactor element is assigned two delivery elements, in particular two longitudinal slots and each falling branch, a delivery element, in particular a longitudinal slot. This ensures that only very small influences on the flow rate of the reactor medium are taken, because the flow supports in the ascending branch, so accelerated, and is achieved in the falling branch only a small effect by less counterflowing bubbles.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, in the cleaning process the pressure for introducing the additive, in particular the air, over a defined period of time for the expansion and expansion of the delivery element, in particular the longitudinal slot, increased. As a result, the dispensing element is opened very wide, so that the deposit is detached.

According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the cleaning process is carried out by introducing additives or during the cleaning process, the supply of additives is stopped and a cleaning agent is supplied during the cleaning process. However, it is also possible that a combination of the two different cleaning operations are performed in one plant, i.e., for example, that each cleaning process is performed with one cleaning agent while the other cleaning processes are done with the additives.

According to an embodiment of the invention, in which the cleaning process is repeated at certain presettable time intervals, in particular every 1 to 15 minutes, for a presettable period of, for example, 0.5 to 4 seconds, in particular 0.9 seconds, an optimum service life of the equipment is achieved and simultaneously are not too large accumulation of deposits possible.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, during the cleaning process, the pressure for introducing additives or

Cleaning substances between 3 bar and 15 bar, in particular 8 bar, increased. Thus, the nozzle or the longitudinal slot of the dispensing element is very far expanded, so that the openings are cleaned and in turn an undisturbed operation of the system is possible.

The object of the invention is also achieved by a device.

The device according to the invention is characterized in that a plurality of dispensing elements are arranged in the dispensing line, wherein each chamber of the reactor element is associated with at least one dispensing element and that the dispensing line is formed with the dispensing element for carrying out a debris removal process on the dispensing element. With the invention, it is possible for the first time in an advantageous manner to ensure a very long operation of the plant, without high maintenance work. Thus, optimal growth for the microorganisms can be achieved since such equipped plants enable very long-term, uninterrupted operation.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the delivery elements in the distribution line and / or the distribution line itself are formed from a reversible deformable material, in particular a silicone tube or a silicone insert element, wherein optionally the silicone tube is mounted in the prestressed state. It is thereby achieved that different pressures of the gaseous additive or the cleaning agent can be used for the different processes, in particular for the supply process and the cleaning process.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the distribution line consists of a silicone tube, preferably of a talc-coated silicone elastomer for use in the food industry, wherein the silicone tube has a temperature resistance between -60 ° to + 200 ° C and a hardness of 55 +/- 5Shore A and a tensile strength greater than or equal to 8 N / mm2 and an elongation at break greater than 350%. Such a silicone tube has proven optimal in test trials.

According to one embodiment of the invention, to regulate the flow rate of the reaction medium, the delivery element is formed in an ascending branch for delivery of a larger volume of additive, in particular twice the volume, than for a sloping branch. Thus, a flow-assisting effect is achieved, and the plant can be operated without pumps, or when using a pump, the rotational speed can be kept low so that there is no deterioration of the microorganisms or algae in the reaction medium.

According to a development of the invention, the distribution line is connected to a supply system, wherein the supply system has a control unit for controlling the pH measured in the reaction medium. As a result, a special supply of additives can be made so that a corresponding value can be maintained after cultivated microorganisms or algae.

According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the dispensing element in the dispensing line is formed by a longitudinal slot aligned in the longitudinal direction of the dispensing line, preferably with a length of 0.3 to 3 mm and a width of 0.1 to 1 mm. This is a simple, inexpensive solution for forming the delivery elements.

According to an advantageous development of the invention, each discharge branch of the reactor element has two delivery elements, in particular two longitudinal slots, and each falling branch is assigned a delivery element, in particular a longitudinal slot. As a result, an optimal supply of additives at the lowest flow resistance is possible.

According to a particular feature of the invention, a control unit is provided for the cleaning process, wherein the control unit prescribes the additives and / or presettable time intervals and / or the time duration and optionally the pressure increase for the cleaning process. As a result, the supply of additives can be adapted to the various growth parameters of the microorganisms or algae and these can be adapted accordingly.

Furthermore, the object of the invention is achieved by a biosolar reactor.

The biosolar reactor according to the invention is characterized in that a plurality of discharge elements are arranged in the distribution line, wherein each chamber of the reactor element is associated with at least one discharge element and that the distribution line is formed with the discharge element for performing a cleaning process for removing deposits on the delivery element. With this invention, it is now possible to ensure a very long-maintenance-free operation of the system. This also means that a long undisturbed growth for the microorganisms or algae is made possible. Thus, the yield of such cultivations in short time intervals is substantially increased. In this case it is possible that in each reactor element or also only in one or in selected reactor elements a distribution line for the supply of additives can be arranged. This also has the advantage of promoting growth in one reactor element and providing a resting phase for the microorganisms or algae in a subsequent one without a distribution line. It is also possible that the individual reactor elements are designed differently, in particular may have different numbers of chambers, so that, for example, in the region where the growth is excited, more chambers are arranged, as in that reactor element where a rest phase for the reactor medium is performed.

According to a particular feature of the invention, a plurality of reactor elements are connected via a support to a reactor panel. Thus, a high yield is achieved in such a system.

According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the individual reactor elements on the underside at each of the outermost chambers inlet and outlet openings for the reaction medium, wherein the inlet opening in each case against the direction of gravity, ie an ascending branch and the outlet opening in the direction of gravity, ie a sloping Branch, and all connections, in particular the inlet opening, the outlet opening and the introduction inlet, are flushed around with the reaction medium. It is thereby achieved that easy maintenance can be carried out, since all connections are arranged within the reach of the maintenance personnel. Also, the withdrawals of samples to determine the growth are simple.

According to a particular feature of the invention, the reactor element is formed of several, in particular seventy, preferably rectangular, upright chambers separated by a dividing wall, the dividing wall being open once on the top and then underneath, ie in the region of a bottom, for the circulation of the reaction medium is. This advantageously ensures that a sufficient residence time in a reactor element is ensured.

According to a very particular feature of the invention, the biosolar reactor, in particular the reactor elements, can be adjusted via at least one axis for light or solar irradiation. As a result, the microorganisms or algae can optimally be supplied with solar energy, so that the growth is optimally accelerated.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to exemplary embodiments which are illustrated in the drawing.

Show it:

1 is a schematic representation of a biosolar reactor consisting of Plates with individual preferably rectangular chambers,

2 shows a schematic representation of a reactor element with a dispensing element in the form of a nozzle, according to FIG. 1, FIG.

Figure 3 is a partial view of the reactor element with a delivery element in the form of a tube and simplified control for supplying the reaction medium with additives, partly cut away and diagrammatically;

4 shows a partial view of a plan view of the reactor element, cut along the lines IV-IV in FIG. 3, in a simplified, schematic representation;

5 shows a partial view of an end view of the reactor element according to the lines V-V in FIG. 3, in a simplified, schematic representation;

Figure 6 is a partial view of an end view according to Figure 5 of the reactor element, however, during the cleaning process, in a simplified schematic representation.

Fig. 7 shows another embodiment of the biosolar reactor with another form of manifold, simplified in front view, cut;

Fig. 8 shows another embodiment of the biosolar reactor with double distribution line, in a simplified, schematic representation.

FIGS. 1 to 8 show a biosolar reactor 1, which is preferably formed from a plurality of reactor elements 2.

In this design, a reactor element 2 consists of at least two, preferably rectangular, upright plates and, preferably at least one, web or web multiple plates 3, which form such, preferably rectangular-shaped chambers 4. One side of the chamber 4 is formed as a partition wall 5. Both an inlet opening 6 and an outlet opening 7 for a reactor medium 8 are preferably arranged at the lowest point of the reactor element 2. These openings are provided at the lower most outer edge of the plate on a lower side 9, in particular in the first and the last chamber 4, the multi-plate plates 3. Preferably, several, in particular seventy, chambers 4, form a reactor element 2, wherein several, in particular 12, serially connected reactor elements 2 form a module 10, as shown in FIG. 1 of the biosolar reactor 1, In this case, several reactor elements 2 are preferably connected via a holder to a reactor panel. A plant consists of several such modules 10, wherein the modules 10 can be operated differently.

The reactor elements 2 are preferably arranged upright or inclined at an angle, wherein a reactor element 2 is formed from at least two upright connected chambers 4, so that the reaction medium 8 at least once vertically or at an angle inclined from bottom to top, ie against the direction of gravity as an ascending branch and from top to bottom, ie in the direction of gravity as a falling branch, flows. Several reactor elements 2 are connected in series to the biosolar reactor 1, in particular the module 10, and due to the hydrostatic pressure and level compensation in the biosolar reactor 1, a microorganism free flow of the reaction medium 6 is generated. That is, after the filling operation, the reaction medium 8 flows meandering through the chambers 4 without additional pumps. Of course, it is however possible that pumps can be used, for which purpose preferably impeller pumps are used for the gentle transport of the microorganisms or algae in the reaction medium 8.

The inclination by an angle is then important when the sun direktbzw. would stand vertically above the biosolar reactor. An inclination would be very congenial to the sun's rays.

In order to achieve a meandering course of the reaction medium 8 in the chambers 4, with a connection of two adjacent chambers 4 whose partition wall 5 is formed at a rising branch lower than the partition wall 5 between the chambers 4 at a sloping branch, that is, at an ascending Branch the partition wall 5 is shortened on a top 11 opposite the outer wall parts 12 of the chamber 4, whereas in a sloping branch, the partition wall 5 is formed on the bottom 9 shorter than the outer wall parts 12 of the chamber 4. This results in an overflow 13 on the upper side 11 or a communicating opening 14 on the lower side 9, when the liquid level in the reactor elements 2 is higher than the partition wall 5 between the reactor elements 2.

Furthermore, the individual reactor elements 2 are preferably transparent or translucent or, if required, also light-tight. As materials, both glass or UV transparent plastic such as polymethylmethacrylate can be used. The connections of reactor element 2 to reactor element 2 are located at the underside 9 of the plates, in particular the web-web multiple plates 3 of the reactor element 2.The inlet opening 6 and the outlet opening 7 are so applied and milled that in each case at the bottom 9 of the outermost chamber 4, the inlet openings 6 and outlet openings 7 are arranged for hose connectors or connection lines 15 to the next reactor elements 2, wherein an outlet opening 7 is always connected to an inlet opening 6. The chamber 4 at the liquid inlet, that is to say with the inlet opening 6, is an ascending branch, in which the liquid flows against the force of gravity towards the upper side 11, whereas the chamber 4 at the outlet, that is to say at the outlet opening 7, is a sloping branch, in which the liquid flows from the Top 11 to the bottom 9 in the direction of gravity flows, is assigned. Preferably, an exhaust system 16 is arranged on the upper side 11 of the reactor element 2, for which purpose the reactor element 2 is closed with a preferably removable cover element 17 and is connected to the interior of the reactor elements 2 via openings in the exhaust air system 16.

In order to achieve the highest possible yield of the system, a pressure-free or pressureless transport of the reaction medium 8 is advantageous, since thereby the Algenbzw. That is, the reaction medium 8 is not exposed to any further pressure during the entire transport than that produced inside the transport element by the dead weight of the reaction medium 8. However, if a pump is used, it is gently operated at a low speed. At a low speed, the reaction medium 8 is not exposed to appreciable centrifugal forces. The development of the microorganisms or the course of the process is not interrupted or disturbed by the transport.

Furthermore, the yield of such a system can be significantly increased if the reactor elements 2 is arranged such that the sun rays 18 - as indicated schematically by arrows - impinge at a right angle to the module axis, ie the end face, so that the sun rays 18 between the parallel positioned reactor elements 2 of a module 10 in and thus the microorganisms or algae are best supplied with solar rays 18 to promote the growth. In particular, in weak solar radiation, bad geographical situation or in particularly light-needy microorganisms 6 or photocatalytic processes, the modules 10 via at least one axis 19 to the light radiation adjustable designed so that the module 10 on the Achse19, preferably automatically, is rotated and the sun is tracked.

According to the invention, in order to further improve the growth of the microorganisms or algae, it is provided that one, continuous or batchwise, introduction of additives 20, such as oxygen or. Compressed air and / or CO2, preferably during the process, at the bottom of the liquid column to accelerate and increase the growth of the microorganisms or algae in the reaction medium 8. The additives 20 are introduced via a distribution line 21 with at least one discharge element 22, each chamber 4 of the reactor element 2 being associated with at least one discharge element 22 of the distribution line 21. It is of course possible that a discharge element 22 need not be arranged in each chamber 4, but only in those Chambers 4, where a supply is to take place. The distribution line 21 is supplied from both sides of the reactor element 2, in particular from the two end faces of the reactor element 2, so that it is guided on both sides out of the reactor element 2 and / or that a connection element is arranged on both sides.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 2, the connecting pipe 21 is formed by a sturdy pipe, in particular a plastic pipe, the discharge elements 22 being in the form of nozzles with preferably elastic and reversible inserts (not shown). The nozzles may be constructed mechanically or electronically. The delivery of the additives 20 is controlled such that in an ascending branch, a greater or greater volume of additives 20, in particular double the volume or twice the volume, is fed via the discharge element 22 into the chamber 4 of the reactor element 2 a falling branch. As a result, it is achieved that a flow of the reaction medium 8 is caused and thus the plant can find a way out even without pumps or other conveying aids. The flow of the reaction medium 8 is thus supported thereby and the conveying speed can be kept low due to aids, so that a gentle promotion is ensured. It is also possible that due to the volume or the pressure, the conveying speed of the reaction medium 8 is controlled or regulated.

The dispensing element 22, in particular the nozzle, is designed such that the additives 20 in the form of spheres or possibly round bubbles, preferably with a diameter of between 1 and 3 mm, are generated and delivered by the dispensing element 22 in the distributor line 21. By introducing the additives 20 at the lower end of the liquid column, mixing and even distribution of the additives 20 in the reaction medium 8 is achieved by the ascent of the bubbles. The introduction of additives 20, in particular of gases, further optimizes the supply of light, since the resulting turbulence in the reaction medium 8 sufficiently guides all molecules or microorganisms to the light-flooded, near-wall-near light zone of the reactor element 2. Furthermore, it is achieved that a turbulence in the reaction medium 8 is formed, whereby a further advantageous effect comes into play, namely that by the

Rising of the gas bubbles causes a continuous cleaning of the reactor inner surfaces. Furthermore, heating or cooling of the reaction medium 8 can also take place by means of defined introduced fluids and gases. A significant advantage of introducing additional gaseous additives 20 is that it can control the flow rate of the reactor medium 8 by, for example, adding more additives 20 to the flow rate in the ascending branch and / or less additives 20 in the falling branch.

Essential in the supply of the reaction medium 8 with the additives 20is that the additive 20 is fed from both sides of the reactor element 2 into the distribution line 21, so that over the entire length of the distribution line 21 an equal pressure is present and thus over the entire length always the same defined amount is delivered. It is of course also possible for a suitable embodiment of the distribution line 21 or of the delivery system to carry out the supply from only one side.

As in the liquid, in particular in the reaction medium 8, Mikroorganismenbzw. Algae are stored, these store after prolonged operation in the area of the dispensing elements 22, which can lead to the extent that the delivery element 22 is completely closed, resulting in interruptions in the circulation and of course in operation.

In order to avoid this in the present embodiment of the plant, provision is made for a cleaning process to remove deposits on the dispensing element 22 at presettable time intervals. In this case, in the cleaning process, the pressure for introducing the additive 20 is increased over a defined period of time for expanding and expanding the delivery element 22. That is, during dispensing of additive 20, dispensing element 22 readily opens to form the bubbles, and in the cleaning process, dispensing element 22 is opened much further than either additive 20 dispensing and then dispensing element 22 is resealed. By expanding the dispensing element 22, in particular the nozzle, it is achieved that the applied deposits are loosened, quasi blasted off and peeled off. Thus, with such a system design, very long operation is possible without disturbances and without rapidly following maintenance operations. Thus, the growth process is also not stopped, so that more efficient operation of the plant is possible due to the special design of the distribution line 21 with the discharge elements 22.

Furthermore, it is possible that the discharge elements 22 in the distribution line 21 and / or the distribution line 21 itself be formed of a deformable material, in particular of a silicone tube or a silicone insert element, as shown in Figs. 4-6. Here is a completely deformable hose, in particular silicone hose as Verteilerleitung 21 shown. The silicone tube 21 used is preferably a pretreated Rehau tube in the quality RAU-SIK 8128 (silicone elastomer MVQ) for use in the food sector. The silicone tube 21 is temperature resistant between -60 ° to + 200 ° C and has a hardness according to DIN 53505 of 55 +/- 5Shore A. The tear strength according to DIN 53504, Sil is> = (greater than or equal to) 8 N / mm 2, the elongation at break being> = 350%. A tear propagation resistance according to ASTM-D 624B is> = 15 N / mm. The silicone hose 21 is suitable for use in the food industry according to BfR XV and FDA §177.2600. Preferably, the hoses are talcum-coated on the outer surface, which are preferably cleaned before use in the reactor element 2. Of course, it is possible that other material may be used for the connection line 21, which should preferably be suitable for use in the food industry.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if the distributor line 21, in particular the silicone tube, is arranged in the prestressed state in the reactor elements 2, since thereby the delivery elements 22, in particular the longitudinal slots 25, can be aligned optimally. The bias also ensures that the flow velocity of the reactor medium 8 can not cause rotation of the manifold 21.

The discharge element 22 in the distribution line 21 is preferably formed by a longitudinal slot 25 aligned in the longitudinal direction of the distribution line 21, preferably with a length of 0.5 mm to 3 mm, in particular 1.4 mm and a width of 0.1 mm to 1 mm, in particular 0.2 mm , educated. Here, each ascending branch of the reactor element 2 is assigned two delivery elements 22, in particular two longitudinal slots 25, and each falling branch, a delivery element 22, in particular a longitudinal slot 25. If all the longitudinal slots 25 are formed the same way, it is achieved that in those chambers 4 with two longitudinal slots 25 twice the volume or twice the volume is discharged, compared to those chambers 4 with only one longitudinal slot 25. Of course, it is possible that the individual longitudinal slots 25 different For example, it is also possible that the nozzle according to the embodiment of Fig. 2 also has a reversible deformable region, in particular a silicone insert element.

The distribution line 21 is connected to a supply system 26, the supply system 26 having a control unit 27 for controlling the pH measured in the reaction medium 8. Via lines, the control unit 27 is connected to components of the system, in particular a pH value sensor 28, a level sensor 29, and / or a gas sensor 30, etc., to which components only the corresponding lines are shown. The control unit 27 is responsible for the cleaning process and supply process, wherein the control unit 27 sets the presettable time intervals and the time duration and the pressure increase or decrease for the cleaning process and / or the supply process. Of course, it is possible that the control unit 27 can also be used for further control or control processes, such as for the exhaust air system 16, the filling or refilling with liquid or reaction medium 8. During the supply process, the additives 20 are fed at a pressure between 0.4 bar and 4.0 bar, in particular 1.0 bar to 2.0 bar. The cleaning process is repetitively carried out at certain presettable time intervals, in particular every 1 to 15 minutes, for a presettable period of time of, for example, 0.5 to 4 seconds, in particular 0.9 seconds. During the cleaning process, the pressure for introducing additives or cleaning agents is increased between 3 bar and 15 bar, in particular 8 bar. However, it is also possible that during the cleaning process, the supply of the additives 20 is stopped and a cleaning agent is supplied during the cleaning process. It is also possible for the delivered quantity or the delivered volume of additives 20, in particular CO2, to be controlled or regulated as a function of the pH determined in the reaction medium 8. That is, at pre-settable intervals, the pH is measured via the pH sensor 28, comparing the measured PH value with a previously stored PH value, such that due to decreasing or increasing PH value, the delivery of the additives 20 , decreased or increased.

In the illustrated and described embodiments of FIGS. 1-8, the additives 20 are formed from a mixture of compressed air 31 and CO2 32. The two gaseous substances are fed via a valve 33 on both sides of the distribution line 21, wherein the control of the valve 33 via the control unit 27, as shown schematically.

As can be seen in FIG. 3, a control curve is shown for the individual substances, in particular the compressed air 31 and the CO2 32, from which it can be seen that the compressed air 31 is constantly fed over a certain period of time, so that the valve 33 is activated such that a supply of compressed air 31 takes place in the distribution line 21. Subsequently, the valve 33 is switched over so that the compressed air 31 is interrupted and now CO2 32 is fed via the valve 33 in Verteilerleitung 21, so that the CO2 32 in the distribution line 21 with the compressed air 31 mixed and the corresponding bubbles are formed via the discharge element 22. Of course, another feed-in control is possible, in which the compressed air 31 and the CO2 32 are mixed in advance and only one pressure level control is required. In the described supply system 26, both the supplying process and the cleaning process are performed with the same additives 20, but mainly at the pressure increase for the cleaning process, this is done via the compressed air 31

In detail, it can be seen from Fig. 4 that for each ascending branch of the reactor element 2, two delivery elements 22, in particular two longitudinal slots 25, and each falling branch are assigned a delivery element 22, in particular a longitudinal slot 25, the longitudinal slots 25 being shown in the supply process so that they only are slightly open, as it is also apparent from Fig. 5. In Fig. 6, the distribution line 21 is shown in the cleaning process, so now is clearly seen that the pressure increase the discharge element 22, in particular the longitudinal slot 25, much further opened and thus any deposits are loosened and blown off, so that the longest possible operation of the distribution line 21st This means that in the cleaning process the dispensing element 22 is opened substantially further (FIG. 6) than in the dispensing of additives 20 (FIG. 5). Since the distribution line 21 or at least a part of the discharge element 22 is formed by a reversible, deformable material. When the longitudinal slot 25 or the dispensing element 22 closes or pressure is reduced during pressure termination, the opening of the dispensing element 22 is reduced so that the bubbles of the desired size are re-produced for operation.

Furthermore, an embodiment is shown in Fig. 7, in which the distribution line 21 is not round in the form of a tube, but is formed by a rectangular profile. Such a design has the advantage that the distribution line 21 can be easily positioned on the bottom of the reactor element 2 and the delivery elements 22 are always aligned correctly.

Another embodiment is shown in Fig. 8, in which now two distribution lines 21 are used. In this case, the two distribution lines 21 may have the same or a different diameter. With the use of two distribution lines 21, different delivery elements 21, in particular longitudinal slots 25, can also be easily realized. Preferably, an ascending branch distribution line 21 and the falling branch second distribution line 21 are used. As a result, a simple control via the control unit 27 is now possible. In particular, this is advantageous if it is intended to influence the flow velocity of the reactor medium 8, for example by reducing the volume or bubble size on a falling branch, since the bubbles act against the flow whereas with a rising branch to accelerate the flow, the feed volume or volume will be reduced Of course, it is possible here that only a single distribution line 21 can be used with subdivided chambers, so that again a separate control of the additives 20 is possible.

In the above-described embodiments, it is further possible that the distribution line 21 can be exchanged during the operation of the plant. For this purpose, a new distribution line 21 is connected to one side of the reactor element 2 at the connection element 23, whereupon the distribution line 21 is pulled out on the opposite side and thus at the same time the new distribution line 21 is inserted into the reactor element 2. A significant advantage of using a reversible deformable material for the dispensing element 22 is that when the supply of additives 20 ceases, the dispensing elements 23 automatically close so that leakage of the reaction medium 8 is not possible. This is important insofar as, for example, the storage tank for CO2 is emptying or emptying

Pressure drop takes place, so that in the distribution line 21, a low pressure is present, as is generated by the liquid column in the reactor element 2.

For the sake of convenience, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiments, but may include other forms. For example, it is possible that tubes or a pipe system can also be used instead of the multiple base plates 3.

Claims (28)

1. A process for a photochemical, such as photocatalytic and / or photosynthetic process, in particular for a breeding and Produktionbzw. Hydroculturing of, preferably phototrophic, microorganisms, wherein a reaction medium, for example an aqueous solution or a suspension, is meandered in a reactor element formed of at least two upright connected chambers such that the reaction medium is perpendicular or angularly inclined at least once from below above or against the directional force as an ascending branch and from top to bottom or in the direction of gravity as a falling branch, preferably several reactor elements are connected in series to a biosolar reactor and due to the hydrostatic pressure and level compensation in the biosolar reactor a microorganism stress-free flow of the reaction medium is generated and a, continuous or batchwise, introduction of additives, such as air, oxygen or CO2, preferably during the process, takes place at the bottom of the liquid column, thereby geke characterized in that the additives (20) are introduced via at least one distribution line (21) to a discharge element (22), each chamber (4) of the reactor element (2) being associated with at least one delivery element (22) of the distribution line (21) and a cleaning process at presettable time intervals for removing deposits on the delivery member (22). Method according to claim 1, characterized in that for the flow of the reaction medium (8) into an ascending branch, a larger amount or more. a larger volume of additives (20), in particular twice or twice the volume, is fed via the delivery element (22) into the chamber (4) of the reactor element (2) than at a falling branch. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the distribution line (21) from both sides of the reactor element (2), in particular from the two end faces of the reactor element (2), is supplied. 4. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the additive (20) at a pressure between 0.4 bar and 4.0 bar, in particular between 1.0 and 2.0 bar, is fed. 5. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the additives (20) in the form of balls or possibly round bubbles, preferably with a diameter of 0.5 to 5 mm, in particular 1 to 3 mm, from the delivery element (22) are generated in the distribution line (21). 6. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the delivered amount or the volume delivered by additives (20), in particular CO 2, is controlled or regulated as a function of the PH value determined in the reaction medium (8). 7. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the discharge elements (22) in the distribution line (21) and / or the distribution line (21) itself from a reversible deformable material, in particular from a silicone tube or a silicone insert element are formed or will. 8. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the discharge element (22) in the distribution line (21) by a longitudinal direction of the distribution line (21) aligned longitudinal slot (25), preferably with a length of 0.3 to 3 mm and a width of 0.1 to 1 mm. 9. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that each rising branch of the reactor element (2) has two delivery elements (22), in particular two longitudinal slots (25) and each falling branch, a delivery element (22), in particular a longitudinal slot (25). , is assigned. 10. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that in the cleaning process, the pressure for introducing the additive (20), in particular the air, over a defined period of time for expansion and expansion of the discharge element (22), in particular the longitudinal slot (25). , is increased. Method according to one or more of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the cleaning process is carried out by introducing additives (20) or during the cleaning process the supply of the additives (20) is stopped and a cleaning agent is supplied during the cleaning process. 12. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the cleaning process is repeated in certain, presettable time intervals, in particular every 1 to 15 minutes, over a presettable period of, for example, 0.5 to 4 seconds, in particular 0.9 seconds performed , 13. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that during the cleaning process, the pressure for the introduction of additives (20) or cleaning agents between 3 bar and 15 bar, in particular 8 bar, is increased, Device for carrying out the method according to one or more of claims 1 to 13, wherein a reactor, in particular a biosolar reactor, consists of at least one reactor element which is formed of at least two upright connected chambers and a distributor line for the continuous or batch introduction of additives, such as air , Oxygen or CO 2, preferably at the lower end of the liquid column during the process, characterized in that a plurality of delivery elements (22) are arranged in the distribution line (21), each chamber (4) of the reactor element (2) being associated with at least one delivery element (22) in that the distribution pipe (21) is formed with the discharge element (22) for performing a cleaning process for removing deposits on the discharge element (22). 15. Device according to claim 14, characterized in that the dispensing elements (22) in the distribution line (21) and / or the distribution line (21) itself is formed from a reversible, deformable material, in particular a silicone tube or a silicone insert element, wherein optionally the silicone tube is mounted in the prestressed state. 16. The device according to claim 15, characterized in that the distribution line (21) consists of a silicone tube, preferably of a lalkumierten silicone elastomer for use in the food sector, wherein the silicone tube has a temperature resistance between -60 ° to + 200 ° C and a hardness of 55 +/- 5Shore A and a tear strength greater than or equal to 8 N / mm 2 and an elongation at break greater than 350%. Device according to one or more of Claims 14 to 16, characterized in that, for regulating the flow rate of the reaction medium (8), the delivery element (22) is arranged in an ascending branch to deliver a larger quantity or volume of additives (20), in particular double the amount or volume, is formed as a sloping branch. Device according to one or more of Claims 14 to 17, characterized in that the distribution line (21) is connected to a supply system (26), the supply system (26) comprising a control unit (27) for controlling the PH measured in the reaction medium (8) Value. A device according to one or more of claims 14 to 18, characterized in that the dispensing element (22) in the distribution line (21) by a longitudinal slot (25), preferably with a length of 0.3 bis aligned in the longitudinal direction of the distribution line (21) 3 mm and a width of 0.1 to 1 mm. 20. Device according to claim 14, characterized in that each ascending branch of the reactor element (2) has two delivery elements (22), in particular two longitudinal slots (25) and each falling branch, a delivery element (22), in particular a longitudinal slot (22). 25). 21. Device according to one or more of claims 14 to 20, characterized in that for the cleaning process, a control unit (28) is provided, wherein the control unit (28), the additives (20) and / or presettable time intervals and / or the duration and, where appropriate, the pressure increase for the cleaning process pretends. 22. Biosolar reactor for a photochemical, such as photocatalytic and / or photosynthetic process, in particular for the cultivation and hydrocultivation of, preferably phototrophic, microorganisms, wherein a reactor, in particular a biosolar reactor, consists of at least one reactor element, which consists of at least two upright connected chambers and a distribution line, for the continuous or batch introduction of additives, such as oxygen or CO 2, preferably during the process at the lower end of the liquid column, characterized in that in the distribution line (21) a plurality of discharge elements (22) are arranged, each chamber (4) the reactor element (2) is associated with at least one dispensing element (22), and that the dispensing line (21) is formed with the dispensing element (22) for performing a debris removal process on the dispensing element (22). A biosolar reactor according to claim 22, characterized in that the biosolar reactor is adapted to carry out the method according to any one of claims 1 to 13. 24. Biosolar reactor according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that the biosolar reactor (1) is formed according to the device according to one or more of claims 14 to 21. 25. Biosolar reactor according to one or more of claims 22 to 24, characterized in that a plurality of reactor elements (2) are connected via a support to a reactor panel. 26. Biosolar reactor according to one or more of claims 22 to 25, characterized in that the individual reactor elements (2) on the lower side (9) at each of the outermost chambers (4) inlet and outlet openings (6, 7) for the reaction medium (8) in which the inlet opening (6) is assigned in each case a direction in the direction of gravity, ie ascending branch and the outlet opening (7) in the direction of gravity, ie a sloping branch, and that all connections, in particular the inlet opening (6), the outlet opening (6). 7) and the introduction inlet, with the reaction medium (8) are lapped. 27. Biosolar reactor according to one or more of claims 22 to 26, characterized in that the reactor element (2) of a plurality, in particular seventy preferably rectangular, upright chambers (4) is formed, which are separated by a partition (5) from each other, the Partition (5) once on the top (11) and then at the bottom (9), ie in the region of a bottom, for the circulation of the reaction medium (8) is open. 28. Biosolar reactor according to one or more of claims 22 to 27, characterized in that the biosolar reactor (1), in particular the reactor elements (2), via at least one axis (19) is adjustable to the light or Suneinstrahlung.