NO751752L - - Google Patents

Description

In the operation of oil burners and internal combustion engines, deficiencies such as: Corrosion and wear due to acidic combustion products occur in many operating conditions due to incomplete combustion;

residues in the combustion chamber and in the discharge paths;

harmful substances such as CO and unburnt hydrocarbons in the exhaust gases.

These irreversible phenomena are particularly serious in the case of engines that are driven undercooling, as is the case when driving over short distances.

When the aforementioned are missing, as these occur in the case of incomplete combustion, in the case of carbureted engines, there is also contamination in the intake system from the outside and due to the crankcase ventilation. These impurities can threaten a perfect mixture formation, favoring the above-mentioned deficiencies. Above all, however, the content of toxic CO in the exhaust gases can rise above the permitted value.

Attempts are made to override the above-mentioned shortcomings by adding various additives to fuels. Such an additive must continuously clean the intake system from contaminants that do not or only to a small extent evaporate, such as rubber, resins, lubricant components, dirt and the like and thus ensure correct mixture formation. Furthermore, the additives must dissolve the combustion residues in the combustion chamber and in the discharge paths and protect the materials from corrosion.

Numerous combinations of substances with anti-corrosive and cleaning effects have already been proposed as additives. This preferably involves combinations of corrosion protection agents or also selected detergents with solvents such as turpentine oils, camphor oils, alcohols, ketones, esters and halogenated hydrocarbons. Recently, an additive has been proposed which should be particularly effective and which consists of polyalcohol fatty acid esters, respectively free fatty acids with at least 12 C atoms, aliphatic fatty acid esters and calcium phenylstearate. Furthermore, instead of aliphatic fatty acid esters, it is proposed to use esters of phenol and homologues thereof or fatty acid esters with a hydroxy or alkoxy group in the fatty acid part or in the alcohol part or in both, as well as mixtures of these esters in the above-mentioned additive.

The invention relates to the use of an ester of a saturated cycloaliphatic alcohol with 5 to 7 ring atoms and a lower fatty acid as a component for fuels or as a solvent component for additives for fuels. The preferred ester is cyclohexanol acetate. The cycloaliphatic residues' can also be substituted with methyl or methyl groups or the like. As an acid component for this ester, formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid come into consideration above all.

Additives that contain are particularly advantageous

a) a condensation product of & mol glycerin or 1 mol of a polyethanolamine and 1 to 2 mol of a fatty acid with

at least 10 carbon atoms or an equivalent amount of a mixture of such fatty acids, b) an ester as indicated above as solvent component and c) one or more mineral oil raffinates with a viscosity of at least 1.6° E/20°C and a maximum 15°E/50°C.

Component a) can be produced in a manner known per se. heating e.g. 1 mol of triethanolamine with 1 mol of a fatty acid with at least 10 carbon atoms, e.g. oleic acid, for 1 to 3 hours to temperatures above 130°C. In order to obtain light condensation products, it is advantageous to carry out the reaction in containers made of glass, porcelain or corrosion-resistant steel, furthermore it can be useful to carry out the reaction in a vacuum with the addition of metal deactivators such as e.g. a Schiff base of salicylaldehyde. After complete distillation of water and cooling, a light yellow to slightly brownish colored liquid condensation product is obtained by using oleic acid which predominantly consists of monooleic acid esters of triethanolamine. If instead of 1 mol of oleic acid, 2 mol of this acid is used, predominantly triethanolamine diol ester is produced. The two condensation products mentioned are easily soluble in most solvents and in the mineral oil raffinates to be used.

Instead of the condensation product of triethanolamine and a fatty acid with at least 10 carbon atoms, a product obtained by analogous condensation of 1 mol can also be used. diethanolamine with 1 mol of a fatty acid with at least 10 carbon atoms or a mixture of such fatty acids. If technical oleic acid is used as the fatty acid, the reaction product is predominantly monooleic acid esters of diethanolamine.

Instead of a condensation product of a polyethanolamine, a corresponding condensation product of glycerin can also be used, for example glycerin monooleate, glycerin dioleate or glycerin monostearate.

Suitable additives contain the components, e.g. in the following quantities: 1) 10.0 volume-% component a 30.0 volume- component b

60.0 vol% component c

This product can be added in amounts of 0.25% by volume to normal motor fuel. This corresponds to the following concentration in motor fuels:

0.02 5% by volume component a

0.0 75% by volume component b

0.150% by volume component c

2') 20 volume-% component a

2 8 vol% component b

52% by volume component c

If you add this product in an amount of 1 volume-$ to normal motor fuel, the following concentration results in the motor fuel:

0.20 volume-% component a

0.28% by volume component b

0.52% by volume component c

In engine tests, it has been shown that even small amounts of the individual components of the additive exert an optimal effect on ordinary fuel. Usually 0.005 to 1 volume-preferably 0.02 to 0.5 volume-$, calculated on the motor fuel, is sufficient.

The quantity of the individual components in the additive largely depends on the desired concentration of the individual components in the fuel and on the amount of additive to be added to the fuel.

In addition to mineral oil raffinates, the additives may also contain synthetic aliphatic hydrocarbons such as "Kogasin", or also synthetic or natural aromatic hydrocarbons such as alkylbenzenes. The additive can also contain substances such as e.g. corrosion inhibitors, ignition accelerators, octane improvers, anti-oxidants, high pressure additives, combustion catalysts and the like, such as are usually added to fuels.

In the following examples, some additives that have proven to be particularly effective will be explained. However, the individual components can also be added directly to the incinerator fuels in the specified quantities.

Example 1

Additive for a diesel fuel:

6 to 12 vol-$ of a condensation product of 1 mol triethanolamine and 2 mol technical oleic acid 6 to 12 vol-/? of a cyclopentanol or cyclohexanol ester of formic acid, acetic acid or propionic acid

88 to 76 vol spindle oil raffinate (1.5° E at 50°C)

By adding approx. 2% by volume of this additive to a normal diesel fuel constitutes the share of the active components in the diesel fuel:

about. 0.12 to 0.24 vol% condensation product

about. 0.12 to 0.24 vol-$ ester

about. 1.52 to 1.76 volume-$ spindle oil raffinate

Example 2

Additive for gasoline:

5 to 15% by volume of the condensation product of 1 mole of diethanolamine and 1 mole of commercially available technical oleic acid 10 to 35% by volume of a cyclopentanol or cyclohexanol ester of formic acid, acetic acid or propionic acid 10 to 20% by volume of spindle oil raffinate (2, 5 E at 20°C and I(j6° E at 50°C) 75 to 30% by volume of a mixture of synthetic alkylbenzenes (Z iCKoKe range 140 to 240°C)

This additive can be added in amounts of approx. 0.2 to 2% to ordinary petrol, so that the concentration of the active components in the petrol has the following values: approx. 0.01 to 0.30 volume-% condensation product approx. 0.02 to 0.70 vol # of ester

about. 0.02 to 0.40'volume-$ spindle oil eraf f inat

about. 0.06 to 1.5% by volume alkylbenzene mixture

This additive is suitable for free substances ' for two-stroke and four-stroke carburettor engines.

Example 3

Additive for petrol (two-stroke engine oil-e-)

A) 10 to 15% by volume of the condensation product of Inmol triethanolamine and 2 mol technical oleic acid 10 to 35% by volume of a cyclopentanol or cyclohexanol ester of formic acid, acetic acid, or propionic acid

80 to 50 volume-# light oil raffinate

B) 10 to 20% by volume of the components mentioned under A) are mixed with 90 to 80 volm-# engine oil SAE 40 (55 to 70° E at 20°C and 10 to 12° E at 50°C) to prepare a motor oil for tot act against ore r.

If you add 2 to 5 Volume-# of this engine oil to commercial gasoline, you achieve corresponding concentrations of the active components, calculated for the mixture of gasoline and oil, as in example 2.

In all these examples, instead of the polyethanolamine co-condensation product, corresponding glycerin monoesters or glycerin diesters can also be used. Cyclohexanol acetate is preferred as component B1.

It has been shown that the use of fuels containing components A, B and C in the quantities indicated above achieves the following advantages: - Intensification and improvement of the combustion of diesel oil. - Deterioration and build-up of residues (soot etc.) in the combustion chamber through the injection nozzles and in the discharge paths. - Deterioration of harmful substances (soot, unburned hydrocarbons, etc.) in the exhaust gases. - Less wear on the injection units, piston rings and cylinder liners. - Protection of parts that come into contact with fuel against corrosion and as a preservative for the combustion chamber (which during periods of standstill must be protected against corrosion). - Improvement of the aging stability of diesel-b fuels.

Claims (12)

1. Additive for fuels and fuels, characterized in that it contains a) a co-condensation product of 1 mol of glycerin or 1 mol of a polyethanolamine and 1 to 2 mol of a fatty acid with at least 10 carbon atoms or an equivalent amount of a mixture of such fatty acids, b) an ester of a saturated cycloaliphatic alcohol with 5-7 ring atoms and a lower fatty acid and c) one or more mineral oil raffinates with a viscosity of at least 1.6° E/20°C and a maximum of 15° E/50°C. 2. Additive according to claim 1, characterized in that the component b) is an ester of a substituted, e.g. methyl ether <-> "ethyl substituted, saturated cycloaliphatic alcohol with 5 to 7 ring atoms. 3. Additive according to claim 1, characterized in that the components b) are cyclohexanol acetate. 4. Fuel and fuel, Characterized by the fact that it contains aj a condensation product of 1 mol of glycerin or 1 mol of a polyethanolamine and 1-2 mol of a fatty acid with at least 10 carbon atoms or an equivalent amount of a mixture of such fatty acids, b) an ester of a saturated cycloaliphatic alcohol with 5-7 ring atoms and a lower fatty acid and c) one or more mineral oil raffinates with a viscosity of at least 1.6° E/20°C and a maximum of 15° E/50°C. 5. Fuel according to claim 4, characterized in that the component b) is an ester of a substituted, e.g. methyl- or ethyl-substituted, saturated cycloaliphatic alcohol with 5-7 ring atoms. 6. Fuel according to claim 4, characterized in that component b) is cyclohexanol acetate. 7.. Additive for fuels and fuels, characterized in that it contains as a solvent component an ester of a saturated cycloaliphatic alcohol with 5-7 ring atoms and a lower fatty acid. 8. Additive according to claim 7, characterized in that the cycloaliphatic alcohol is substituted in the ring, e.g. methyl or ethyl substituted. 9. Additive according to claim 7, characterized in that the ester is cyclohexanol acetate. 10. Fuel and fuel, kk characterized in that it contains an ester of a saturated cycloaliphatic alcohol with 5-7 ring atoms and a lower fatty acid. 11. Fuel according to claim 10, characterized in that the cycloaliphatic alcohol is substituted in the ring, e.g. methyl or ethyl substituted.. 12. Fuel according to claim 10, characterized in that the ester is cyclohexanol acetate.