NO155303B - DEVICE FOR BUILDING ELEMENT. - Google Patents
DEVICE FOR BUILDING ELEMENT. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO155303B NO155303B NO843488A NO843488A NO155303B NO 155303 B NO155303 B NO 155303B NO 843488 A NO843488 A NO 843488A NO 843488 A NO843488 A NO 843488A NO 155303 B NO155303 B NO 155303B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- chipboard
- building element
- door frame
- wood
- door
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000011093 chipboard Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011094 fiberboard Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011120 plywood Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002025 wood fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000218657 Picea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000218680 Pinus banksiana Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011121 hardwood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011122 softwood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B1/00—Border constructions of openings in walls, floors, or ceilings; Frames to be rigidly mounted in such openings
- E06B1/04—Frames for doors, windows, or the like to be fixed in openings
- E06B1/06—Wooden frames
- E06B1/08—Wooden frames composed of several parts with respect to the cross-section of the frame itself
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B21/00—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board
- B32B21/02—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board the layer being formed of fibres, chips, or particles, e.g. MDF, HDF, OSB, chipboard, particle board, hardboard
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B21/00—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board
- B32B21/13—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board all layers being exclusively wood
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B1/00—Border constructions of openings in walls, floors, or ceilings; Frames to be rigidly mounted in such openings
- E06B1/04—Frames for doors, windows, or the like to be fixed in openings
- E06B1/34—Coverings, e.g. protecting against weather, for decorative purposes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2317/00—Animal or vegetable based
- B32B2317/16—Wood, e.g. woodboard, fibreboard, woodchips
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2419/00—Buildings or parts thereof
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Securing Of Glass Panes Or The Like (AREA)
- Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
- Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Packaging Of Annular Or Rod-Shaped Articles, Wearing Apparel, Cassettes, Or The Like (AREA)
- Vending Machines For Individual Products (AREA)
Description
Foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører en anordning ved bygningselement for å bedre innfestingen av skruer og dermed øke uttrekksstyrken, omfattende i det minste ett element av trefiberplate, fortrinnsvis av hård type, -med elementer av sponplater anbragt på begge sider av denne og med limfuger i det minste stedvis mellom elementene. The present invention relates to a device for a building element to improve the attachment of screws and thereby increase the pull-out strength, comprising at least one element of wood fiberboard, preferably of a hard type, - with elements of chipboard placed on both sides of this and with glue joints at least in places between the elements.
Innenfor bygningsindustrien er det kjent å anvende i stor utstrekning sponplater både som kledning til gulv, tak og veg-ger, men også til bruk i forbindelse med innredninger, såsom skap, møbler etc. Det er også kjent at sponplater gir for-holdsvis dårlig feste for skruer som utsettes for strekkpå-kjenninger. Dette forsøker man i alminnelighet å løse ved spesielle sponplateskruer eller ekspansjonshylser som skruene anbringes i. Selv med slike ekspansjonshylser forekommer det, når skruen og hylsen utsettes for store påkjenninger at festet i sponplaten løsner således at skrue med hylse kommer ut av sponplaten. Det har derfor lenge foreligget et ønske om, Within the construction industry, it is known to use chipboard to a large extent both as cladding for floors, ceilings and walls, but also for use in connection with furnishings, such as cupboards, furniture etc. It is also known that chipboard gives relatively poor adhesion for screws that are subjected to tension loads. This is generally attempted to be solved with special chipboard screws or expansion sleeves in which the screws are placed. Even with such expansion sleeves, it happens, when the screw and sleeve are subjected to great stress, that the fastener in the chipboard loosens so that the screw with the sleeve comes out of the chipboard. There has therefore long been a desire to,
på en rimelig måte å forbedre de kjente sponplater, for der-ved å bedre skruefestet i disse, enten skruefestet skjer ved direkte innskruing eller ved hjelp av de nevnte ekspansjonshylser. in a reasonable way to improve the known chipboards, in order to improve the screw fastening in these, whether the screw fastening takes place by direct screwing in or by means of the aforementioned expansion sleeves.
Et eksempel på anvendelse av et bygningselement av den innledningsvis nevnte type er kjent fra norsk patentsøknad nr. 81.2586. Her vises et dørblad som primært tar sikte på å gi liten lydgjennomgang og god brannhemmende virkning. Den lyd-hemmende virkning oppnås ved at dørbladet er sammensatt av en rekke litt adskilte plater av forskjellig materiale, deri-blant en sentral trefiberplate og myke trefiberplater på begge sider av denne. Selv om det er viktig med en viss avstand mellom platene for å redusere lydgjennomgangen, må det også foreligge forbindelse mellom de midterste platene for å for-hindre at de faller ut av dørens ramme dersom kledningsplatene skulle brenne opp i en brann. De tre midterste platene er derfor limt til hverandre ved hjelp av relativt smale limfuger. Disse tre sentrale plater har imidlertid ingen vesentlig bærende eller avstivende virkning, idet denne funksjon ivaretas av dørens treramme og utvendige dekkplater, fortrinnsvis trefiberplater. Denne konstruksjon gir heller dårlig skruef este og er derfor forsynt med en treramme for bl ..a. å An example of the use of a building element of the type mentioned at the outset is known from Norwegian patent application no. 81.2586. A door leaf is shown here, which primarily aims to provide little sound penetration and a good fire-retarding effect. The soundproofing effect is achieved by the fact that the door leaf is composed of a number of slightly separated plates of different material, including a central wood fiber plate and soft wood fiber plates on both sides of this. Although it is important to have a certain distance between the panels to reduce sound transmission, there must also be a connection between the middle panels to prevent them from falling out of the door frame should the cladding panels burn up in a fire. The three middle boards are therefore glued to each other using relatively narrow glue joints. These three central plates, however, have no significant bearing or stiffening effect, as this function is taken care of by the door's wooden frame and external cover plates, preferably wood fiber plates. This construction provides rather poor screw fastening and is therefore provided with a wooden frame for e.g. to
gi feste for dørens hengsler. provide attachment for the door hinges.
Ved fremstilling av dørkarmer, har det vært vanlig å gjøre bruk av heltre, idet slike karmer gir godt skruef este. Imid-r lertid blir slike dørkarmer ofte relativt kostbare, særlig dersom dør og dørkarm skal fremstilles av kostbare tresorter. For enkelte tresorters vedkommende, er formstabiliteten under temperatur- og fuktighetsendringer relativt dårlig, slik at dørbladet vil kunne risikere å bli fastkilt i dørkarmen på grunn av formforandringer hos denne. Laminerte konstruksjoner, slik som kjent fra de tradisjonelle møbelplater, vil ikke egne seg særlig for dørkarmer, især på grunn av komplisert og meget kostbar oppbygning. Heller ikke kryssfinér egner seg til bruk for dørkarmer på grunn av relativt høy produk-sjonskostnad og at en bearbeidet kryssfinér vil kunne få et lite tiltalende utseende. Videre er det et faktum at kryssfinér ikke alltid er lett å bearbeide på grunn av tendensen til oppflising. Heller ikke de tradisjonelle sponplater egner seg som dørkarmer på grunn av at materialet blir for sprøtt i forbindelse med bruk i en dørkarm, hvor påkjenning-ene ofte kan være store. Videre gir en sponplate dårlig skruefeste for hengsler. When manufacturing door frames, it has been common to use solid wood, as such frames provide good screw fastening. Meanwhile, such door frames are often relatively expensive, especially if the door and door frame are to be made from expensive types of wood. In the case of certain types of wood, the shape stability under changes in temperature and humidity is relatively poor, so that the door leaf could risk being wedged in the door frame due to changes in its shape. Laminated constructions, as known from the traditional furniture boards, will not be particularly suitable for door frames, especially because of the complicated and very expensive structure. Plywood is also not suitable for use for door frames due to the relatively high production cost and the fact that a processed plywood can have an unattractive appearance. Furthermore, it is a fact that plywood is not always easy to process due to its tendency to chip. The traditional chipboards are also not suitable as door frames because the material becomes too brittle when used in a door frame, where the stresses can often be great. Furthermore, a chipboard provides a poor screw connection for hinges.
Et forsøk på å benytte sponplater i en dørkarm er vist i An attempt to use chipboard in a door frame is shown in
norsk patentsøknad nr. 84.0510.. Her omfatter karmkonstruk-sjonen en kjerne av doble sponplater, som er forsynt med opp-stivende ytterlag på begge sider av hårde trefiberplater. Dette gir sannsynligvis en relativt stabil konstruksjon, men på den annen side er uttrekksstyrken for hengselskruene util-fredsstillende. Skruene vil hovedsakelig få feste kun i sponplatene fordi hengselbladet må felles inn i trefiberplaten slik at dennes tykkelse reduseres vesentlig. Prøver etter norsk standard NS 314 7 "Bestemmelse av dørers bæreevne ved vertikal last på dørbladet", har vist at karmer av sponplate-materiale ikke holder mål ved bruk av vanlige hengsler og skruer, idet døren ved prøven regelrett rives ut av karmen. Norwegian patent application no. 84.0510.. Here, the frame construction includes a core of double chipboard, which is provided with stiffening outer layers on both sides of hard wood fiber boards. This probably results in a relatively stable construction, but on the other hand, the pull-out strength for the hinge screws is unsatisfactory. The screws will mainly only be attached to the chipboard because the hinge blade must be folded into the wood fiberboard so that its thickness is significantly reduced. Tests according to Norwegian standard NS 314 7 "Determination of the bearing capacity of doors with vertical load on the door leaf", have shown that frames made of chipboard material do not measure up when using ordinary hinges and screws, as the door is regularly torn out of the frame during the test.
Formålet med foreliggende oppfinnelse er å tilveiebringe et bygningselement som for en stor del består av sponplater, men som likevel har tilstrekkelig stor uttrekksstyrke for skruer til å kunne benyttes i dørkarmer. Dette oppnås ifølge oppfinnelsen ved at i det minste i en del av en dørkarm benyttes et bygningselement av den innledningsvis nevnte type, hvor limfugene dekker elementene i hele deres utstrekning. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a building element which for the most part consists of chipboard, but which nevertheless has a sufficiently high pull-out strength for screws to be used in door frames. This is achieved according to the invention by using a building element of the type mentioned at the outset in at least part of a door frame, where the adhesive joints cover the elements in their entire extent.
Det har overraskende vist seg at ved å lime trefiberplaten mellom sponplatene får man en uttrekksstyrke for skruer som er flere ganger høyere enn for rene sponplater og som dertil er betydelig høyere enn for vanlig heltre, f.eks. furu. Da heller ikke trefiberplater gir spesielt god uttrekksstyrke for skruer, står man her åpenbart overfor en synergistisk effekt som selv i etterhånd ikke er lett å forklare. Mulig-ens ligger noe av effekten i at sponplatene "holder på" trefiberplaten og hindrer denne i å sprekke opp når skruene som penetrerer trefiberplaten belastes. It has surprisingly been shown that by gluing the fiberboard between the chipboards, you get a pull-out strength for screws that is several times higher than for pure chipboard and which is also significantly higher than for ordinary solid wood, e.g. pine. As wooden fiberboards do not provide particularly good pull-out strength for screws either, one is obviously faced with a synergistic effect which, even in retrospect, is not easy to explain. Possibly some of the effect lies in the fact that the chipboards "hold on" to the fiberboard and prevent it from cracking when the screws that penetrate the fiberboard are loaded.
De usedvanlig gode egenskaper til dørkarmmaterialet ifølge oppfinnelsen gjør at dørkarmen kan lages relativt tynn, f.eks. ikke mer enn 20 mm tykk, mens det vanlige tilsvarende mål for en dørkarm i heltre furu eller gran er 30 mm. The exceptionally good properties of the door frame material according to the invention mean that the door frame can be made relatively thin, e.g. no more than 20 mm thick, while the usual corresponding measurement for a solid pine or spruce door frame is 30 mm.
Ifølge en fordelaktig utførelse av oppfinnelsen omfatter bygningselementet kun ett element av trefiberplate. Dette gjør bygningselementet enklest mulig idet det hovedsakelig består av kun tre deler, mens skruene får godt feste uansett om de skrus inn fra den ene eller andre side. En velegnet kombina-sjon av styrke og stivhet oppnås når elementet av trefiberplate er stort sett halvparten så tykt som elementene av sponplate . According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the building element comprises only one element of wood fibreboard. This makes the building element as simple as possible, as it mainly consists of only three parts, while the screws get a good hold regardless of whether they are screwed in from one side or the other. A suitable combination of strength and stiffness is achieved when the fiberboard element is roughly half as thick as the chipboard element.
Til bedre forståelse av oppfinnelsen skal den beskrives nær-mere under henvisning til utførelseseksemplene vist på ved-føyede tegning. Fig. 1 viser et snitt gjennom et bygningselement ifølge oppfinnelsen . Fig. 2 viser et tverrsnitt gjennom en del av en dørkarm fremstilt av et bygningselement som vist på fig. 1. For a better understanding of the invention, it shall be described in more detail with reference to the design examples shown in the attached drawings. Fig. 1 shows a section through a building element according to the invention. Fig. 2 shows a cross-section through part of a door frame produced from a building element as shown in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 viser en modifikasjon av dørkarmen ifølge fig. 2. Fig. 3 shows a modification of the door frame according to fig. 2.
På fig. 1 er det vist et bygningselement bestående av to elementer 1, 2 av sponplate med en i mellomrommet mellom disse anbragt og fastlimt trefiberplate 3, som fortrinnsvis er av hård type. Sponplatene kan eventuelt være forsynt med et overflatebelegg 4, fortrinnsvis finér, på sin utadvendende side. In fig. 1 shows a building element consisting of two elements 1, 2 of chipboard with a wood fiber board 3 placed and glued in the space between them, which is preferably of a hard type. The chipboards can optionally be provided with a surface coating 4, preferably veneer, on their outward facing side.
Dørkarmen vist på fig. 2 består av et bygningselement ifølge fig. 1 tilskåret i en bredde som tilsvarer dørkarmens dybde. De langsgående kanter av dørkarmen er belagt med en list 5 av samme tresort som finérbelegget 4. Videre er det i byg-ningselementets ene sponplatedel 1 utfrest et spor hvori det er festet en anslagslist 6 for dørbladet. Denne anslagslist bør være fremstilt av heltre og fortrinnsvis av samme tresort som finérbelegget 4 og listene 5. Dørkarmen får dermed et helhetlig utseende. Det er selvsagt intet til hinder for at man kan sløyfe nevnte finérbelegg 4 og lister 5 i de tilfel-ler hvor dørkarmen skal behandles, f.eks. ved maling. The door frame shown in fig. 2 consists of a building element according to fig. 1 cut to a width that corresponds to the depth of the door frame. The longitudinal edges of the door frame are coated with a strip 5 of the same type of wood as the veneer coating 4. Furthermore, in one chipboard part 1 of the building element, a groove is milled into which a stop strip 6 for the door leaf is attached. This stop strip should be made of solid wood and preferably of the same type of wood as the veneer covering 4 and the strips 5. The door frame thus gets a holistic appearance. There is, of course, nothing to prevent you from looping said veneer covering 4 and strips 5 in the cases where the door frame is to be treated, e.g. by painting.
På fig. 3 er det vist en modifikasjon av dørkarmen på fig. 2, hvor man istedenfor en overflatebehandling med finér eller maling anvender en plastkappe 7, som er slik utformet at den vil kunne sneppes på plass i et spor 8. In fig. 3 shows a modification of the door frame in fig. 2, where instead of a surface treatment with veneer or paint, a plastic cover 7 is used, which is designed in such a way that it can be snapped into place in a slot 8.
Det vil forstås at oppfinnelsen ikke er begrenset til bruken av kun to sponplater og én mellomliggende trefiberplate, slik figurene angir, men at det kan anvendes flere sponplater og tilsvarende antall mellomliggende trefiberplater for å oppnå bygningselementet ifølge oppfinnelsen. It will be understood that the invention is not limited to the use of only two chipboards and one intermediate wooden fiberboard, as the figures indicate, but that several chipboards and a corresponding number of intermediate wooden fiberboards can be used to achieve the building element according to the invention.
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NO843488A NO155303C (en) | 1984-08-31 | 1984-08-31 | DEVICE FOR BUILDING ELEMENT. |
PCT/NO1985/000047 WO1986001557A1 (en) | 1984-08-31 | 1985-08-02 | Arrangement relating to a door frame |
GB08609889A GB2176744B (en) | 1984-08-31 | 1985-08-02 | Arrangement relating to a door frame |
FI861319A FI80114C (en) | 1984-08-31 | 1986-03-26 | ANORDINATION WITH A CLAIM. |
FI861502A FI861502A0 (en) | 1984-08-31 | 1986-04-09 | DOORRKARM BEROERANDE KONSTRUKTION. |
SE8601745A SE458871B (en) | 1984-08-31 | 1986-04-17 | DEVICE INTENDED TO IMPROVE FIXING OF SCREWS IN A DOOR FRAME |
DK187586A DK187586D0 (en) | 1984-08-31 | 1986-04-23 | ARRANGEMENT AT A DOOR FRAMES |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NO843488A NO155303C (en) | 1984-08-31 | 1984-08-31 | DEVICE FOR BUILDING ELEMENT. |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO843488L NO843488L (en) | 1986-03-03 |
NO155303B true NO155303B (en) | 1986-12-01 |
NO155303C NO155303C (en) | 1987-03-11 |
Family
ID=19887818
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO843488A NO155303C (en) | 1984-08-31 | 1984-08-31 | DEVICE FOR BUILDING ELEMENT. |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DK (1) | DK187586D0 (en) |
FI (2) | FI80114C (en) |
GB (1) | GB2176744B (en) |
NO (1) | NO155303C (en) |
SE (1) | SE458871B (en) |
WO (1) | WO1986001557A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL9100671A (en) * | 1991-04-17 | 1992-11-16 | Johannes Nicolaas Van Drogenbr | FRAME CONSTRUCTION AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THAT. |
FR2892145B1 (en) * | 2005-10-19 | 2011-04-01 | Righini Ind | DOOR OR WINDOW FRAMES |
WO2019152971A1 (en) | 2018-02-05 | 2019-08-08 | William-MacRae and Company | Composite molded shell with stiffening inner core for interior trim molding applications |
WO2022120058A1 (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2022-06-09 | William-MacRae and Company | Blended wood interior door jamb |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DK112677B (en) * | 1966-05-05 | 1969-01-06 | A Damgaard | Frame for door and window opening in a wall or wall. |
SE339988B (en) * | 1970-03-04 | 1971-11-01 | Lectus Ab | |
CH563518A5 (en) * | 1972-11-03 | 1975-06-30 | Westag & Getalit Ag |
-
1984
- 1984-08-31 NO NO843488A patent/NO155303C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1985
- 1985-08-02 GB GB08609889A patent/GB2176744B/en not_active Expired
- 1985-08-02 WO PCT/NO1985/000047 patent/WO1986001557A1/en active IP Right Grant
-
1986
- 1986-03-26 FI FI861319A patent/FI80114C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-04-09 FI FI861502A patent/FI861502A0/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1986-04-17 SE SE8601745A patent/SE458871B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-04-23 DK DK187586A patent/DK187586D0/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FI861502A (en) | 1986-04-09 |
FI861319A0 (en) | 1986-03-26 |
GB2176744B (en) | 1988-01-27 |
DK187586A (en) | 1986-04-23 |
FI861319A (en) | 1986-03-26 |
GB8609889D0 (en) | 1986-05-29 |
GB2176744A (en) | 1987-01-07 |
FI80114C (en) | 1990-04-10 |
SE8601745L (en) | 1986-04-17 |
FI861502A0 (en) | 1986-04-09 |
DK187586D0 (en) | 1986-04-23 |
SE458871B (en) | 1989-05-16 |
FI80114B (en) | 1989-12-29 |
SE8601745D0 (en) | 1986-04-17 |
WO1986001557A1 (en) | 1986-03-13 |
NO155303C (en) | 1987-03-11 |
NO843488L (en) | 1986-03-03 |
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