NL2029955B1 - Soil conditioner based on biochar and ammoniated straw, preparation method and use thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The present disclosure discloses a soil conditioner based on biochar and ammoniated straw, and a preparation method and a use thereof. The soil conditioner can quickly increase the content of soil organic matter, promote the formation of soil aggregates; 5 form a soil structure with reasonable texture, improve soil air permeability and water permeability, establish rainwater infiltration and drainage channels in the trench soils; balance carbonate and bicarbonate ions, lower the soil pH value, improve the fertility of the newly created lands, and furthermore, has the 10 effect of carbon sequestration and emission reduction.

Description

P774/NLpd

SOIL CONDITIONER BASED ON BIOCHAR AND AMMONIATED STRAW,

PREPARATION METHOD AND USE THEREOF

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to the technical field of or- ganic combination of modified biochar and ammoniated straw, more particularly to a soil conditioner based on biochar and ammoniated straw, and a preparation method and a use thereof.

BACKGROUND ART

Currently, most of soil conditioners are made with core ma- terials of biochar and straw and combined with bacterial residues and trace elements, etc. Although the straw biochar can activate and increase the available phosphorus content in the soil and change phosphorus cycle and availability, the application of bio- char to the alkaline soil in the Northern China will cause the pH value to rise. The direct application of biochar will affect the absorption of other nutrients for crops, moreover, the biochar it- self has limited mineral nutrients and the carbon sources are dif- ficult to use, and there is saturation for the adsorption and en- capsulation of soluble organic carbon in the soils, and sustained carbon sequestration and emission reduction cannot be achieved. In addition, the existing straw organic materials are likely to cause an imbalance in the ratio of soil carbon and nitrogen, which will affect the nitrogen absorption of crops and cause nitrogen compe- tition between straw materials and crops.

SUMMARY

In order to solve the above technical problems, it is neces- sary to prepare a soil conditioner suitable for saline-alkali soil or new land based on biochar, wood vinegar, straw and other organ- ic materials, so as to establish an efficient and sustainable soil conditioner for improving the soil fertility and effective storage of carbon in new lands in Northern China.

The present disclosure provides the following technical solu-

tion:

In a first aspect, the present disclosure provides a soil conditioner based on biochar and ammoniated straw, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of biochar; 35-45 parts of ammoniated straw; 0.02-0.04 parts of fermentation strain; 5-10 parts of oil residue; 5-10 parts of bacterial residue; 5-10 parts of fruit residue; 0.6- 0.8 parts of urea; 1.8-2.2 parts of calcium sulfate; and 5-10 parts of wood vinegar.

As a preferred embodiment, at least one of the oil residue and bacterial residue is included.

As a preferred embodiment, the ammoniated straw is at least one of wheat, corn, and rape straw.

As a preferred embodiment, the fruit residue includes at least one of apple pomace and tomato pomace.

As a preferred embodiment, the soil conditioner further com- prises Bacillus subtilis and Streptomyces thermodiastaticus, wherein the Bacillus subtilis and the Streptomyces thermodiastati- cus are used in equal proportions, the Bacillus subtilis is an in- hibitory strain of pathogenic bacteria, and the Streptomyces ther- modiastaticus is a fermentation strain.

As a preferred embodiment, the weight ratio of the Bacillus subtilis to the ammoniated straw and the weight ratio of the

Streptomyces thermodiastaticus to the ammoniated straw are both 2:100 to 4:100.

As a preferred embodiment, a process for preparing the bio- char is as follows: crushing crop straws to about 3-5 cm, then air-drying to a moisture content of 13-14%, to obtain air-dried straws; mixing the crushed air-dried straws with sludge at a ratio of 5:2, and calcinating in a box furnace at a temperature of 600-700°C and a nitrogen flow rate of 200 ml/min for a period of 100-120 minutes under the protection of nitrogen, then cooling to room temperature, grinding and sieving through a 1 mm sieve, to obtain a biochar.

As a preferred embodiment, a process for preparing the ammo- niated straw is as follows:

dissolving 1.33% of nitrogen and 4% of calcium sulfate by dry mass of the straw in water, and the total mass of the solution be- ing 30% of the dry mass of the straw; spraying the aqueous solution onto crushed straw 1-2 mm, and at the same time placing the Bacillus subtilis and the Streptomy- ces thermodiastaticus evenly into the crushed straw, mixing well, sealing with a plastic bag, incubating at a room temperature of 25°C for 6-7 days and air-drying for later use.

After the biochar of the present disclosure is applied to the soil as a soil conditioner, it can not only increase the available phosphorus and change the phosphorus cycle and availability, but also has a positive effect on promoting the growth of plant roots and the multiplication of microorganisms, forming large agglomer- ates and increasing the content of organic carbon. However, the application of biochar to alkaline soil will cause the soil pH to rise and affect the absorption of other nutrients for crops. More- over, the biochar itself has limited mineral nutrients and the carbon sources are difficult to use; the use of biochar modifica- tion technology can overcome the above shortcomings. Ammoniated straws can increase the straw decomposition rate, soil respiration rate and total nitrogen content after returning to the field, and significantly increase the content of large-size water-stable ag- gregates and soil enzyme activity in the surface soil; Bacillus subtilis is conducive to inhibiting the adverse effect of patho- genic bacteria on the growth of crop roots after ammoniated straws return to the field, and Streptomyces thermodiastaticus is condu- cive to the fermentation and decomposition of ammoniated straws.

The mycelia of bacterial residue are the bacterial residue of the production of local edible fungi, and are rich in amino acids, cellulose, hydrocarbons and trace elements; the oil residue is the remaining rape residue for the production of rape oil and is an important organic fertilizer, mainly containing nitrogen, further- more, it contains a considerable amount of phosphorus, potassium and various trace elements; both of them have good fertilizer ef- ficiency and can improve the soil structure, increase the soil fertility and enhance the microbial activity.

In a second aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for preparing a soil conditioner based on biochar and ammoniated straw, comprising the following steps: sorting the prepared biochar to remove impurities, pulveriz- ing and grinding to less than 1mm, then scaking in 15 ml/kg wood vinegar for 24 hours, shaking and filtering, rinsing and air- drying at room temperature, sieving through a 20-mesh sieve for later use; air-drying the ammoniated straw, the bacterial residue, the oil residue and the fruit residue, pulverizing and grinding them to less than 1 mm respectively, and sieving through a 20-mesh sieve for later use; mixing the prepared modified biochar, crushed ammoniated straw, bacteria residue, oil residue and fruit residue, stirring and granulating, cooling and drying, and packaging.

The present disclosure can quickly increase the content of soil organic matter, promote the formation of soil aggregates; form a soil structure with reasonable texture, improve soil air permeability and water permeability, establish rainwater infiltra- tion and drainage channels in the trench soils; balance carbonate and bicarbonate ions, lower the soil pH value, improve the fertil- ity of the newly created lands, and furthermore, has the effect of carbon sequestration and emission reduction.

In a third aspect, the present disclosure provides a use of a soil conditioner based on biochar and ammoniated straw in modify- ing the poor saline soil or improve the fertility of newly created land.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

Example 1:

The present example provides a soil conditioner based on bio- char and ammoniated straw, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of biochar; 35 parts of amoniated straw; 0.02 parts of fermentation strain; 5 of oil residue; 5 parts of bacterial residue; 5 parts of fruit residue; 0.6 parts of urea; 1.8 parts of calcium sulfate; and 5 parts of wood vinegar, wherein the ammoni- ated straw comprises wheat, corn, rape straws, and the fruit resi-

due comprises apple pomace and tomato pomace;

In the example of the present disclosure, the soil condition- er further comprises Bacillus subtilis and Streptomyces thermodia- staticus, wherein the Bacillus subtilis and the Streptomyces ther- 5 modiastaticus are used in equal proportions, the Bacillus subtilis is an inhibitory strain of pathogenic bacteria, and the Streptomy- ces thermodiastaticus is a fermentation strain. The weight ratio of the Bacillus subtilis to the ammoniated straw and the weight ratio of the Streptomyces thermodiastaticus to the ammoniated straw are both 2:100.

In the example of the present disclosure, the process for preparing the biochar is as follows: crushing crop straws to about 3 cm, then air-drying to a moisture content of 13%, to obtain air-dried straws; mixing the crushed air-dried straws with sludge at a ratio of 5:2, and calcinating in a box furnace at a temperature of 600°C and a nitrogen flow rate of 200 ml/min for a period of 100 minutes un- der the protection of nitrogen, then cooling to room temperature, grinding and sieving through a 1 mm sieve, to obtain a biochar.

In the example of the present disclosure, the process for preparing the ammoniated straw is as follows: dissolving 1.33% of nitrogen and 4% of calcium sulfate by dry mass of the straw in water, and the total mass of the solution be- ing 30% of the dry mass of the straw; spraying the aqueous solution onto crushed straw 1 mm, and at the same time placing the Bacillus subtilis and the Streptomyces thermodiastaticus evenly into the crushed straw, mixing well, sealing with a plastic bag, incubating at a room temperature of 25°C for 6 days and air-drying for later use.

In a second aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for preparing a soil conditioner based on biochar and ammoniated straw, comprising the following steps: sorting the prepared biochar to remove impurities, pulveriz- ing and grinding to less than 1mm, then soaking in 15 ml/kg wood vinegar for 24 hours, shaking and filtering, rinsing and air- drying at room temperature, sieving through a 20-mesh sieve for later use;

air-drying the ammcniated straw, the bacterial residue, the oil residue and the fruit residue, pulverizing and grinding them to less than 1 mm respectively, and sieving through a 20-mesh sieve for later use; mixing the prepared modified biochar, crushed ammoniated straw, bacteria residue, oil residue and fruit residue, stirring and granulating, cooling and drying, and packaging.

The present disclosure can quickly increase the content of soil organic matter, promote the formation of soil aggregates; form a soil structure with reasonable texture, improve soil air permeability and water permeability, establish rainwater infiltra- tion and drainage channels in the trench soils; balance carbonate and bicarbonate ions, lower the soil pH value, improve the fertil- ity of the newly created lands, and furthermore, has the effect of carbon sequestration and emission reduction.

Example 2:

In a first aspect, the present disclosure provides a soil conditioner based on bicchar and ammoniated straw, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 16 parts of biochar; 40 parts of ammoniated straw; 0.03 parts of fermentation strain; 6 of oil residue; 6 parts of bacterial residue; 6 parts of fruit residue; 0.7 parts of urea; 1.9 parts of calcium sulfate; and € parts of wood vinegar, wherein the oil res- idue and the bacterial residue are comprised, the ammoniated straw comprises wheat, corn, rape straws, and the fruit residue compris- es apple pomace and tomato pomace.

In the example of the present disclosure, the soil condition- er further comprises Bacillus subtilis and Streptomyces thermodia- staticus, wherein the Bacillus subtilis and the Streptomyces ther- modiastaticus are used in equal proportions, the Bacillus subtilis is an inhibitory strain of pathogenic bacteria, and the Streptomy- ces thermodiastaticus is a fermentation strain. The weight ratio of the Bacillus subtilis to the ammoniated straw and the weight ratio of the Streptomyces thermodiastaticus to the ammoniated straw are both 3:100.

In the example of the present disclosure, the process for preparing the biochar is as follows:

crushing crop straws to about 4 cm, then air-drying to a moisture content of 13.5%, to obtain air-dried straws; mixing the crushed air-dried straws with sludge at a ratio of 5:2, and calcinating in a box furnace at a temperature of 650°C and a nitrogen flow rate of 200 ml/min for a period of 110 minutes un- der the protection of nitrogen, then cooling to room temperature, grinding and sieving through a 1 mm sieve, to obtain a biochar.

In the example of the present disclosure, the process for preparing the ammoniated straw is as follows: dissolving 1.33% of nitrogen and 4% of calcium sulfate by dry mass of the straw in water, and the total mass of the solution be- ing 30% of the dry mass of the straw; spraying the aqueous solution onto crushed straw 1.5 mm, and at the same time placing the Bacillus subtilis and the Streptomy- ces thermodiastaticus evenly into the crushed straw, mixing well, sealing with a plastic bag, incubating at a room temperature of 25°C for 7 days and air-drying for later use.

In a second aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for preparing a soil conditioner based on biochar and ammoniated straw, comprising the following steps: sorting the prepared biochar to remove impurities, pulveriz- ing and grinding to less than 1mm, then scaking in 15 ml/kg wood vinegar for 24 hours, shaking and filtering, rinsing and air- drying at room temperature, sieving through a 20-mesh sieve for later use; air-drying the ammoniated straw, the bacterial residue, the oil residue and the fruit residue, pulverizing and grinding them to less than 1 mm respectively, and sieving through a 20-mesh sieve for later use; mixing the prepared modified biochar, crushed ammoniated straw, bacteria residue, oil residue and fruit residue, stirring and granulating, cooling and drying, and packaging.

The present disclosure can quickly increase the content of soil organic matter, promote the formation of soil aggregates; form a soil structure with reasonable texture, improve soil air permeability and water permeability, establish rainwater infiltra- tion and drainage channels in the trench soils; balance carbonate and bicarbonate ions, lower the soil pH value, improve the fertil- ity of the newly created lands, and furthermore, has the effect of carbon sequestration and emission reduction.

Example 3:

In a first aspect, the present disclosure provides a soil conditioner based on bicchar and ammoniated straw, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of biochar; 45 parts of ammoniated straw; 0.04 parts of fermentation strain; 10 of oil residue; 10 parts of fruit resi- due; 0.8 parts of urea; 2.2 parts of calcium sulfate; and 10 parts of wood vinegar, wherein the ammoniated straw comprises wheat, corn, rape straws, and the fruit residue comprises apple pomace and tomato pomace;

In the example of the present disclosure, the soil condition- er further comprises Bacillus subtilis and Streptomyces thermodia- staticus, wherein the Bacillus subtilis and the Streptomyces ther- modiastaticus are used in equal proportions, the Bacillus subtilis is an inhibitory strain of pathogenic bacteria, and the Streptomy- ces thermodiastaticus is a fermentation strain. The weight ratio of the Bacillus subtilis to the ammoniated straw and the weight ratio of the Streptomyces thermodiastaticus to the ammoniated straw are both 4:100.

In the example of the present disclosure, the process for preparing the biochar is as follows: crushing crop straws to about 5 cm, then air-drying to a moisture content of 14%, to obtain air-dried straws; mixing the crushed air-dried straws with sludge at a ratio of 5:2, and calcinating in a box furnace at a temperature of 700°C and a nitrogen flow rate of 200 ml/min for a period of 120 minutes un- der the protection of nitrogen, then cooling to room temperature, grinding and sieving through a 1 mm sieve, to obtain a biochar.

In the example of the present disclosure, the process for preparing the ammoniated straw is as follows: dissolving 1.33% of nitrogen and 4% of calcium sulfate by dry mass of the straw in water, and the total mass of the solution be- ing 30% of the dry mass of the straw; spraying the aqueous solution onto crushed straw 2 mm, and at the same time placing the Bacillus subtilis and the Streptomyces thermodiastaticus evenly into the crushed straw, mixing well, sealing with a plastic bag, incubating at a room temperature of 25°C for 7 days and air-drying for later use.

In a second aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for preparing a soil conditioner based on biochar and ammoniated straw, comprising the following steps: sorting the prepared biochar to remove impurities, pulveriz- ing and grinding to less than 1 mm, then soaking in 15 ml/kg wood vinegar for 24 hours, shaking and filtering, rinsing and air- drying at room temperature, sieving through a 20-mesh sieve for later use; air-drying the ammcniated straw, the bacterial residue, the 0il residue and the fruit residue, pulverizing and grinding them to less than 1 mm respectively, and sieving through a 20-mesh sieve for later use; mixing the prepared modified biochar, crushed ammoniated straw, bacteria residue, oil residue and fruit residue, stirring and granulating, cooling and drying, and packaging.

The present disclosure can quickly increase the content of soil organic matter, promote the formation of soil aggregates; form a soil structure with reasonable texture, improve soil air permeability and water permeability, establish rainwater infiltra- tion and drainage channels in the trench soils; balance carbonate and bicarbonate ions, lower the soil pH value, improve the fertil- ity of the newly created lands, and furthermore, has the effect of carbon sequestration and emission reduction.

Claims (4)

CONCLUSIONS A soil conditioner based on biochar and ammoniated straw, comprising the following components by weight: 15-20 parts biochar; 35-45 parts of ammoniated straw; 0.02-0.04 parts fermentation strain; 5-10 parts oil residue; 5-10 parts of bacterial residue; 5-10 parts of fruit residue; 0.6-0.8 parts of urea; 1.8-2.2 parts calcium sulfate; and 5-10 parts wood vinegar. A biochar-based and ammonia-treated straw soil conditioner according to claim 1, further comprising Bacillus subtilis and Streptomyces thermodiastaticus, wherein the Bacillus subtilis and the Streptomyces thermodiastaticus are used in equal proportions, the Bacillus subtilis is an inhibitory strain of pathogenic bacteria , and Streptomyces thermodiastaticus is a fermentation strain; wherein the weight ratio of the Bacillus subtilis to the ammonia-treated straw and the weight ratio of the Streptomyces thermodiastaticus to the ammonia-treated straw are both 2:100 to 4:100. The biochar-based and ammonia-treated straw soil conditioner according to claim 2, wherein the process for preparing the ammonia-treated straw is as follows: dissolving 1.33% nitrogen and 4% calcium sulfate per dry mass of the straw in water, and wherein the total mass of the solution is 30% of the dry mass of the straw; spraying the aqueous solution on crushed straw with a size of 1-2 mm and at the same time evenly placing the Bacillus subtilis and Streptomyces thermodiastaticus in the crushed straw, mixing well, sealing with a plastic bag, incubating at room temperature of 25°C for 6-7 days and air drying for later use. A process for preparing the biochar-based and ammonia-treated straw soil conditioner according to claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of: sorting the prepared biochar to remove impurities, pulverizing and milling to less than 1 mm, then soaking in 15 ml/kg wood vinegar for 24 hours, shaking and filtering, rinsing and air drying at room temperature, sieving through a 20-mesh sieve for later use; air-drying the ammonia-treated straw, bacterial residue, oil residue, and fruit residue, crushing and grinding them to less than 1mm, respectively, and sifting through a 20-mesh sieve for later use; mixing the prepared modified biochar, ground ammonia treated straw, bacterial residue, oil residue and fruit residue, stirring and granulation, cooling and drying, and packaging know.