NL2019701B1

NL2019701B1 - Off shore wind energy installation foundation system.

Info

Publication number: NL2019701B1
Application number: NL2019701A
Authority: NL
Inventors: Riemers Mark
Original assignee: Spt Equipment Bv
Priority date: 2017-10-10
Filing date: 2017-10-10
Publication date: 2019-04-15
Also published as: WO2019074363A1; EP3695055B1; US12110862B2; US20200277936A1; CN111183259A; EP3695055A1

Abstract

A marine structure comprising a foundation system with three or more suction buckets (l) to be installed in the seafloor to operate as a foundation to support an offshore structure (3) resting onto the seafloor, the suction buckets support a connector body (2) and the connector body is designeclto support a payload.(3). The connector body is completely below the water level (100). The invention also relates to a method of installing a suction bucket, wherein the suction bucket bottom penetrates the seafloor and fluid is removed from the suction space such that penetration proceeds by suction.

Description

Off shore wind energy installation foundation system.

The invention relates to a foundation system for an offshore payload, preferably an offshore wind energy installation, however also applicable to oil or gas applications. The foundation system is provided with three or more suction buckets (hereafter also called "bucket"). The foundation system is in particular designed for the next generation off shore wind energy installations of 9 MW and higher. Particularly the foundation system is designed for supporting a single upright mast (also called pole or post) which supports the payload, preferably at its top end. In case of a wind energy installation the mast preferably comprises an upright monopole and on top of it an upright tower, wherein the tower supports the nacelle at its top. In stead of a nacelle the payload could comprise a platform, e.g. for oil or gas application. The mast, monopole and tower are preferably a single tube and/or made of steel however reinforced mineral cement concrete is also feasible. The payload preferably will be located high above the sea, e.g. at least 10 or 20 metre. Sea depth typically will be at least 10 or 20 or 50 metre.

Suction buckets and how to install them are a.o. known from GB-B-2300661 and EP-B-0011894, which are enclosed in here by reference. Briefly, a suction bucket is a thin walled steel sleeve or pipe or cylinder, which cylinder is closed at its longitudinal top end by a bulkhead (also called top plate) or different sealing means and which cylinder is sealingly located on the subsea bottom with the open end opposite the bulkhead since this open end penetrates the subsea bottom due to the weight of the suction bucket. Thus the cavity, also called suction space, delimited by the cylinder and the bulkhead is sealed by the subsea floor such that vacuum or suction can be generated by removing water from within the suction space such that a resulting force tends to force the suction bucket deeper into the subsea floor. The creation of the suction can be with the aid of a suction source, such as a pump, being on, or close to or at a distance from the suction bucket and connected to the suction space. The applied level of the suction can be e.g. at least substantially constant, smoothly increase or decrease or else pulsate, for which there are convenient means. After use, the suction bucket can easily be removed by creating an overpressure within the suction space, e.g. by pumping in (sea) water. A self installing marine structure, e.g. platform applying suction buckets is known from e.g. W099/51821 (SIP1) or EP-A-1 101 872 (SIP2) of the present inventor. WO 02/088.475 (SIP3) discloses a tower carrying a wind turbine at the top and suction buckets as foundation.

Suction buckets are more and more applied as (part of) a foundation of an off shore wind energy turbine. For such application, typically three or more mutually spaced suction buckets are applied, providing a static balanced (in case of three suction buckets) or overbalanced (in case of more than three suction buckets) support. In operation, the suction buckets have at least almost completely penetrated the sea bed, are at equal or substantially equal level and have a mutual horizontal spacing providing a clearance of at least 5 metre, typically in the order of 20 metre, or a clearance of at least 0.5 or 1.0 times the diameter of the suction bucket (clearance means the shortest distance between the facing side walls). This assembly of suction buckets carries a single monopole or a space frame (also called jacket) of steel beams or tubes and on top of it a vertical tower supporting at its upper end the nacelle of the wind energy turbine provided with rotor blades, typically rotating around a horizontal axis and driven by the wind. The wind energy turbine converts wind energy into electrical energy. The wind turbine is typically part of a wind farm of identical wind turbines each provided with its own foundation of three or more suction buckets. A cable brings the electricity from the wind turbine generator to an electricity consumer on shore, e.g. a household.

One of the benefits of suction buckets is that a marine structure can be designed to be self bearing and/or self installing by providing it with one or more suction buckets.

So the hoisting device and the plant for installing the foundation, e.g. hammering device, can be eliminated.

Since the structure is provided with one or more suction buckets, removal (also called decommissioning) after use is made easier in that by pressing out the suction bucket, the anchoring of the structure to the underwater bottom can be removed. The structure is typically at least substantially made from metal, typically steel.

Preferably each suction bucket has one or more of : a diameter of at least 5 metres, typically between 10 and 15 metre or even more; a height of at least 5 metres, typically between 10 and 15 metre or even more, subject to the soil conditions; a wall thickness of at least 1 centimetre, typically at least 3 or 5 centimetre; the longitudinal axis of the suction bucket and the relevant supporting leg (of the upper structure to be supported by the suction bucket) are substantially in line or eccentric. OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

Particularly for wind energy turbines there are stringent requirements on many topics. Examples of these topics are: verticality of the tower for the complete service life (typically 20 years) of the structure; vibration frequency; low production costs; environmental friendly; efficient recovery of verticality to repair a failure.

For verticality, typically, a deviation of more than 1 degree from the vertical will result in a seizure of the wind turbine operation, which could lead to penalty claims. Such deviation can occur at any time during the lifetime of the structure, e.g. caused by settlement of the soil underneath or near the suction buckets, excessive forces from sea waves or the wind.

As an example for the vibration frequency topic, the design must be such that vibrations generated during operation may not lead to structural damage to the offshore structure. Natural frequencies play an important role in this respect. Resonance is preferably avoided.

The object of the invention is versatile and can be learned from the information disclosed in the application documents.

The present inventor has developed, in a preferred embodiment, a solution to this object embodied by a foundation system for an offshore wind energy installation, having one or more of the following: N, being at least three, suction buckets at the corners of an imaginary, preferably regular, polygon, seen in top view; a round or polygonal connector body, seen in top view, which preferably has at least N radially external corners and supports the payload, e.g. the tower of the wind energy installation, preferably at its centre, and which is, at each of N corners, connected to the top end of a relevant suction bucket by rigid connections, such that all N suction buckets are rigidly connected to the connector body; the connector body is provided completely below sea level and/or has a hollow monocoque structure or load bearing skin, possibly providing radial stays and/or being non tube like; the connector body being of closed profile for its complete extension, preferably without any slits and/or having an impermeable skin; the cross section of the connector radially towards the outside narrows in height (i.e. axial direction of suction bucket) and/or width (i.e. tangential direction); the vertical distance between a suction bucket or its top plate and the connector body is less than 5 or 2 or 1 metre, more preferably less than 25 centimetre. The invention is also defined in the claims.

Thus, the upper structure comprising the mast or monopole and/or tower is supported by the connector body and the connector body is supported by the suction buckets . In different words, the upper structure rests upon the connector body and the connector body rests upon the suction buckets.

Preferably one or more of the following applies to the connector body: comprises a centrally located tower or monopole receiving element; is designed to be or is filled with ballast material, preferably for at least 50% of its enclosed volume; is made of steel or reinforced mineral cement concrete; is thin walled; transfers all the loads (including vertical and horizontal loads, bending moments and torsion) from the monopole and/or tower to the suction buckets; is compact in height, e.g. to allow fabrication in a shop, which preferably does not exceed 1.5 times the outer diameter of the prismatic part of the monopole and/or tower; a width such that, seen in top view, the foundation system provides an envelope having a maximum span measuring at least 3 times the outer diameter of a suction bucket; overlaps, seen in top view, with the suction buckets and preferably does not radially extend beyond the suction buckets; extends substantially horizontal or at an angle of less than 10 or 20 degrees with the horizontal; substantially box shaped; made from flat sheets; one or more of side face, upper face and lower face are substantially flat and/or make corners where they mutually join and/or are locally provided with stiffeners, preferably inside; has an angular cross section, at least for its arms; is present above the top plate of the suction buckets; is free from the sea bed; keeps a gap with the sea bed of at least 25 or 50 centimetre; its arms have a height, preferably measured at their location of maximum height, at least 0.5 or 0.6 or 0.75 and/or less than 1.5 or 2 or 2.5 times the diameter of the monopole at the level of the connector body; its arms have a width, preferably measured at their location of maximum width, at least 0.25 or 0.5 and/or less than 1.0 or 1.5 or 2 times the height, preferably measured at their location of maximum height, of the arms; is substantially star or triangular or square shaped as seen in top view; has a wall thickness at least 2 or 5 or 10 millimetre and/or less than 200 or 100 or 50 millimetre; has a substantially flat lower side . The arm is the member extending from the central part towards a bucket.

The invention is based on the discovery, made by the inventor, that one or more or all the stringent requirements can be fully met by keeping the foundation system as deep as possible below the water level, preferably below 10 or 15 meters above the seabed. Thus the mast or monopole or tower must be as long as possible.

The invention is also based on the teaching, obtained by the inventor, that one or more of the following is possible: tilting correction; ease of transport over water to the final offshore destination; deeper penetration of the suction buckets into the sea bottom; locating ballast on top of the suction buckets; minimizing pumping effect caused by cyclic loading of bucket top plate by the payload.

For the mast/monopole/tower one or more of the following applies: the lower part connecting to the connector body has an enlarged diameter, e.g. diameter 10 or 12 metre compared to 6.5 metre at the prismatic part; diameter at water level at least 1 or 2 metre smaller than at the level of the connector body; wall thickness at least 20 or 35 millimetre and/or less than 200 millimetre, e.g about 50 millimetre; hollow; thin walled; cylindrical for substantially its complete height; above the level of the upper face of the suction bucket top plate or the under side of the connector body.

The prior art shows many proposals for a foundation system for a mast or monopole or tower. Examples are: WO2012103867A1 (Weserwind) discloses a below sea level extending tripod type foundation for off shore wind energy application using three into the sea bed rammed piles; EP2558648B1 (Siemens) discloses another tripod type for off shore wind energy application using three into the sea bed rammed piles; EP1805414B1 (Bard Engineering) discloses a from the sea bed to above sea level extending tripile type for off shore wind energy application using three into the sea bed rammed piles, and also addresses the need for avoiding the natural frequency of the foundation being equal to the rotor frequency to avoid resonance; US5567086A discloses a below sea level extending tension leg type system for off shore oil drilling; EP1074663A1 discloses an into the ground embedded star type foundation system for wind energy application using ground anchoring rods.

The in this application cited documents are inserted in here by reference and each provide technical background for a better understanding of this invention.

After installation into the sea bed is completed, a gap (also called "void") can remain between the top of a soil plug inside the suction space and the closed suction bucket top. For wind turbine applications, such gap needs be filled with filler material or a filler body to prevent settlement of the suction bucket and to transfer the loads, e.g. downward or shear, from the wind turbine and structure in to the seabed. It is feasible that this filler material cures or hardens or becomes rigid after it has entered the gap. This filler material provides a body (hereafter also called "slab") inside the suction space. Obviously, this slab is typically provided after the suction bucket is sunk to the water bottom and penetrated the water soil to its final depth, by pouring or casting the at that time flowable material of the slab into the sea water filled space between the top bulkhead and the top face of the soil plug within the suction bucket.

This slab typically has a height of at least 10 or 20 or 30 centimetres and/or less than 50 or 100 or 150 centimetres.

It is noted that the invention is preferably directed to suction buckets for foundations, in other words designed to carry the weight of an upper structure, e.g. wind turbine or platform, placed on top, to avoid that such upper structure sinks into the subsea bottom. Thus a foundation suction bucket bears loads from the associated upper structure which tend to force the suction bucket further into the ground. The slab below the top bulkhead is designed to prevent that the suction bucket moves deeper into the subsea bottom due to the pushing loads generated by the weight of the upper structure. A foundation suction bucket is by the nature of its loading different from a suction bucket for anchoring, which anchoring suction bucket must withstand pulling forces from the anchored object which tries to leave its desires location by trying to pull the anchoring suction bucket out of the subsea bottom.

Preferably one or more of the following applies: the suction required to penetrate the suction bucket into the subsea bottom during installation and/or the overpressure applied during settlement correction or to extract the suction bucket from the sea bed is generated within the suction bucket above the slab or above the top bulkhead of the suction bucket, preferably since the suction side of a suction pump means or the pressure side of a pressure pump means is connected to the suction bucket at a location above the slab, e.g. the top bulkhead is provided with a nozzle or different sealable port for fluid connection of the suction space with a suction or pressure pump means; the diameter of the suction bucket is constant over its height (the height is the direction from the top bulkhead towards the opposite open end); from the top bulkhead the cylinder walls of the suction bucket extend parallel; the open end of the suction bucket, designed to be located on the sea floor first is completely open, in other words, its aperture is merely bordered by the cylinder walls; the water depth is such that the suction bucket is completely below the water surface when its lower end contacts the sea floor, in other words when its lower end has not penetrated the sea floor yet; the foundation comprises three, four or more mutually spaced suction buckets; the slab completely fills the gap; with the penetration of the suction bucket into the sea floor completed, the top bulkhead is spaced from the sea floor and/or the lower side of the slab bears onto the sea floor which is possibly at elevated level within the suction bucket, compared to the seafloor level external from the suction bucket, due to raising of the seabed plug within the suction space caused by penetration of the suction bucket into the seabed; the by releasable sealing means, e.g. a valve, selectively closable port in the top bulkhead to allow water entering and/or exiting the suction bucket is provided with a coupling means designed for temporary engagement of a suction and/or pressure pump at the time of installing, settlement correction and removing, respectively, of the suction bucket into and from, respectively, the seafloor soil, which port is associated with the fluid flow channel.

Preferably, the design of the suction bucket is such that fluid from a source, e.g. pressure pump, flows from the source through a sealed channel, terminating below the bulkhead and within the suction space. During sucking in the pressure is typically at least 0.1 or 0.25 or 0.5 or 1 bars below the local water pressure external from the suction bucket. During pressing out (correction operation or decommissioning) the pressure is typically at least 0.25 or 0.5 or 1 or 2 bars above the local water pressure external from the suction bucket.

The suction bucket is also preferably provided with known as such valves and/or hatches adjacent or at its top bulkhead for selectively allowing water and air to enter or exit the suction space through the top side of the suction bucket.

Preferably the invention is directed to an offshore foundation system or a suction bucket of said system, the suction bucket preferably provided by an open bottom and closed top, advantageously cylindrical, elongate shell providing a suction compartment or suction space, said closed top having an externally facing upper face and an opposite, toward the suction space facing lower face and preferably provided with one or more valves selectively allowing fluid communication between the suction space and the environment, the suction space being provided with a fixedly located slab and wherein, in use, the slab bottom bears onto a top of a soil plug inside the suction space, the top bulkhead of the suction bucket bears onto the slab. A possible procedure is as follows: the foundation system provided with at least three suction buckets is installed and when the buckets have arrived at their final penetration depth into the sea bed, e.g. of sand or clay, the slab, if applied, is provided by introducing the flowable filler material such that the gap is completely or substantially filled. Subsequently the upper structure to be supported by the foundation system is installed. First, the monopole is located on top of the foundation system, followed by installing the tower on top of the monopole. The tower carries the wind energy turbine nacelle at its top end. The tower is completely or partly above water level.

The ballast material applied preferably has a specific weight of at least 1,400 (e.g. sand) or 2,000 (e.g. rock) kg per cubic metre, thus at least 1.4 times or twice the specific gravity of water. In an embodiment the ballast is concentrated near the suction buckets, e.g. located on top of the suction buckets. The ballast can have a thickness of at least 1 or 1.5 or 2 metres. Application of ballast to the connector body and/or the suction buckets is also feasible.

The connection between connector body and monopole can be provided by grouting or welding or mechanical fastening means, e.g. riveting or bolting. Use of a quick coupling is preferred, e.g. of so called slip joint type, such as disclosed in EP 2 910 686 (KCI the engineers, disclosed in here by reference) and to which claim 14 is directed. A quick coupling of slip joint type is preferably provided (see also fig. 15) by wedging walls inclined at a sharp angle relative to the axial direction of the tower and located at the tower and/or connector body at locations where the tower penetrates into the connector body, or vice versa, and oriented such that said wedging walls extend outward from the tower, as viewed in upward direction of the tower in its final vertical attitude as installed, such that the wedging walls provide a conical shaped circumferential or peripheral, e.g. ring like, means, a first one at the tower, a second one at the connector body and configured such that if the tower and connector body are mutually penetrated or inserted, the wedging walls of the first and second one mutually engage and contact, retaining the tower against further lowering by gravity action and also generating radially inward directed clamping forces between these wedging walls, keeping the tower clamped to the connector body. The first one and the second one make a pair and preferably there are two pairs, mutually spaced axially of the tower, at least 0.5 meter.

The words "mast", "monopole" and "tower" have individual meaning, however also identical meaning, e.g. more general, such as: each being an elongated tube or pole like object. Thus, if any of these three words is used in this disclosure, it can also have a meaning identical to any of the two other of these three words and/or the more general meaning.

The invention is further illustrated by way of non-limiting, presently preferred embodiments providing the best way of carrying out the invention and shown in the drawings.

Fig. 1A-C show a first embodiment from three different angles;

Fig. 2-4 show a perspective view of a second, third and fourth embodiment, respectively;

Fig. 5A-C show a perspective view, of exploded type, of three alternative ways of mounting the monopole to the foundation system;

Fig. 6-8 show in side view the three main phases during a possible manner of installing the off shore wind energy installation;

Fig. 9-14 show prior art foundation systems;

Fig. 15 shows a double slip joint in section from the side.

Fig. 1 shows three suction buckets, on top of it a star shaped connector body having three arms, each radially outward converging, and there above a single upright tube providing a mast and/or tower and/or monopole. The lower part of the mast has a conical shape.

Fig. 2 shows three suction buckets, there above a triangular shaped connector body and there above a prismatic mast. The water level 100 is also illustrated. Fig. 3 shows four suction buckets, a star shaped connector body having four arms and above it a prismatic mast. Fig. 4 shows a star shaped connector body having three arms and a prismatic mast.

In fig. 5A the lower end of the mast penetrates the connector body. In fig. 5B the lower end of the mast penetrates a from the connector body upwards projecting transition piece. In fig. 5C the transition piece penetrates the lower end of the mast. In all three cases the slip joint can be applied.

According to fig. 6, the suction buckets and connector body provide a sub assembly separate from the mast or tower or monopole. This subassembly was sailed to its final offshore location and there the suction buckets were penetrated into the sea bed. After that part of the mast was added (fig. 7) and after that a further part of the mast was added (fig. 8) .

Different from fig. 6-8, an alternative manner of installation is to sail the subassembly shown in fig. 7 (buckets, connector body and monopole mutually assembled at a remote location) to the final offshore location and install it there, after which the payload is added.

Fig. 9 shows a jacket type, fig. 10 a tripod type, fig. 11 a tripod type, fig. 12 a tri pile type, fig. 13 a buried type and fig. 14 a tension leg type offshore structure.

Typically, there are three stages during penetration of the suction bucket into the sea floor by suction within the suction space. In the initial stage the open bottom of the suction bucket has penetrated the seabed by gravity, such that the suction space is sealed. The second stage is obtained by removing water from the suction space by pumping, such that suction is created within the suction space such that the suction bucket penetrates deeper into the seabed, thus its top comes closer to the seabed. In the third stage the suction bucket is penetrated to its final depth, providing its design load bearing capacity for a weight resting on top of it. Typically, the top bulkhead is spaced from the sea floor. Within the suction space internal from the side wall of the bucket, the surface of the sea floor material rises due to penetration of the suction bucket. Such seabed part captive within the suction space is also called soil plug. Typically the void between the bulkhead and the soil plug is filled by a slab or body. The suction space is bounded by the top bulkhead, the cylindrical side wall and the open end opposite the top bulkhead.

Fig. 15 shows an inner tube, e.g. the monopole, and an outer tube, e.g. the wall of the central hole of the connector body to receive the monopole. Each tube is provided with two axially spaced conical rings, providing two pairs of each an inner ring of the inner tube and an outer ring of the outer tube. Due to the downward directed force Fv, oriented according to the gravity force, the radially inward directed clamping forces are generated (only shown for the upper pair).

The invention is not limited to the above described and in the drawings illustrated embodiments. E.g. the marine structure can have a different number of suction buckets. The drawing, the specification and claims contain many features in combination. The skilled person will consider these also individually and combine them to further embodiments. Features of different in here disclosed embodiments can in different manners be combined and different aspects of some features are regarded mutually exchangeable. All described or in the drawing disclosed features provide as such or in arbitrary combination the subject matter of the invention, also independent from their arrangement in the claims or their referral.

Claims

1. Marine structure incorporating a foundation system with three or more suction posts to be installed in the seabed located at the corners of an imaginary polygon, seen in plan view to act as a foundation system or part thereof for supporting an offshore structure that on the seabed, the suction piles carrying a connector body and the connector body being adapted for carrying a payload.

Marine construction according to claim 1, which is designed as an offshore wind energy installation of at least 9 MW extending upwards from the seabed at an offshore location where the seabed is at least 50 meters below the local water level, and from this installation an electric cable runs to an electricity consumer on land to supply the electricity generated offshore.

Marine construction according to claim 1 or 2, and having a star-shaped, seen in plan view, connector body with as many external angles as there are suction posts, which external angles are formed by the radially outwardly extending arms which provide the star shape; and / or of a single vertical tower placed centrally between the suction posts, seen in top view, formed by a single tube and made of thin-walled steel, which carries the nacelle of the windmill at its top, the nacelle with the rotor blades attached to it at least 20 meters above the local water level.

Marine construction according to any of claims 1-3 with one or more of; the tower rests on top of the foundation system and the connector body rests on top of all suction posts; arranged so that the foundation system is as deep as possible below the water surface and the tower has the greatest possible length; the tower is completely above the bottom of the connector body, has a diameter of at least 2 meters more at the connector body than at the level of the water level, is hollow and thin-walled with a wall thickness between 20 and 200 millimeters and prismatic above the water level its entire length and is rigidly mounted to the connector body.

Marine construction according to any of claims 1-4 with one or more of; each suction pole is a vertical standing thin-walled steel cylinder with a wall thickness of at least 3 millimeters and with a diameter and a height between 10 and 15 meters, which is hermetically sealed at its top end by a top plate and at its bottom end which is in fluid communication with the suction chamber inside the suction pole is open and with this bottom end protrudes into the seabed and during installation in the seabed by hydraulic underpressure generated in the suction chamber inside the cylinder, generated by connecting an external suction pump to a top plate and with the suction chamber suction port in suction-fluid connection with shut-off valve, which has penetrated deeper into the seabed to be almost entirely in the seabed; the suction posts have a mutual spacing of at least 5 meters and provide statically balanced or over-balanced support for the connector body; each suction pole contains a dimensionally stable filler body with which, after completing the suctioning, the gap between the top of the seabed within the suction pole and the top plate is completely filled and which filler body preferably has a height between 10 and 100 centimeters and prevents the suction pole pushed down deeper into the seabed by the resting construction on top.

Marine construction according to any of claims 1-5 with one or more of; the connector body has arms which are the elements extending radially outwardly from the central portion of the connector body to each a relevant suction post and secured thereto with their ends; the connector body has a flat underside and / or is free from the sea bottom and / or is at a vertical distance of at least 50 centimeters from the sea bottom and / or is a completely closed body and / or completely hollow and / or completely of thin-walled steel with a thickness of a minimum of 5 millimeters and a maximum of 50 millimeters and / or at each of its external corners, it is attached to the top plate of a relevant bollard by rigid connections so that all the bollards are rigidly attached to the connector body, and / or are completely under the local water surface at a distance of at least 50 meters from it and / or has a closed, thin-walled monocoque construction, the external walls of which bear the loads.

Marine construction according to any one of claims 1-6 with for the connector body one or more of: the cross section of the arms of the connector body decreases radially outwards in height and / or width; the vertical distance between the top plate of the suction pole and the connector body is less than 1 meter and / or the connector body is filled with ballast material for at least 50% of its content and / or overlaps with the suction posts so that the connector body is directly or vertically above the top plate of each suction post is and / or does not protrude radially beyond the suction posts, seen in top view and / or has a height of maximum 1.5 times the external diameter of the prismatic part of the tower located above the water surface and / or extends extends horizontally and / or is box-shaped with an angular cross-section and / or is made of flat plates, which are preferably fitted inside with stiffening ribs and / or the four flat sides (top, bottom, side, side) are closed via angled corners to each other.

Marine construction according to any of claims 1-7 with one or more of; the tower, the connector body and the suction posts are rigidly mounted together so that all loads, including vertical and horizontal loads, bending moments and torsion, are transferred from the tower to the suction posts via the connector body; the attachment of the tower to the connector body is arranged as a beam clamped with a single longitudinal end so that the tower extends vertically upwards from the connector body as a cantilever beam (so-called "cantilever beam"), in other words the tower is above the connector body free from structures with which mechanical loads are transferred from the tower to the seabed.

Marine construction according to any one of claims 1-8 the foundation system extends a maximum of 15 meters above the local seabed and is completely below the highest point of the connector body and extends only in the area down from the highest point of the connector body the tower fixed and transferring load from the tower to the sea bed transferring structures.

Marine construction according to any one of claims 1-9, the arms of the connector body have a height, measured in place of maximum height, between 0.75 and 1.5 times the diameter of the tower at the level of the connector body and / or have a width, measured in their place of maximum width, between 0.5 and 1.0 times their height, measured in their place of maximum height.

Marine construction according to any one of claims 1-10, the connector body and / or the tower are equipped with one or more quick couplings which, preferably as the only means, keep the tower and the connector body fixed or held together in load-bearing conditions , preferably where the quick-release couplings permit disconnection without causing permanent damage to the components involved in the coupling.

Marine construction according to claim 11, in which the full flow of force from the connector body to the tower, and vice versa, is at least 80 or 90 or 95 or 99% through the quick couplings.

Marine construction according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the quick-release couplings provide a clamping of the tower in the connector body, preferably by wedging action, arranged so that by moving the longitudinal end of the tower clamped in the connector body due to wobbling of the tower, the tower is increasingly tightly clamped to the connector body.

Marine construction according to claim 11, 12 or 13, wherein the one or more quick couplings are each equipped with one or more first wedge means, for example conical rings, provided on the turret, which are conical or wedge-shaped on one side and one or two second wedge means, for example conical rings, provided on the connector body, which are wedge-shaped or conical on the other side, so that there are one or two pairs of each a first and a second wedge means such that when the quick coupling is engaged, for example by inserting the turret inwardly into the connector body, or vice versa, the wedge means are co-axial and parallel and the wedge-shaped or conical sides of the wedge means of a pair face each other and are in contact with each other, the first wedge means on the inside or inside the second wedge means, or vice versa, in case there are two pairs, the distance between the first wedge means being equal to the distance between the second wedge means, viewed in the longitudinal direction of the tower, a pair providing a sliding connection (see fig. 15).

Marine construction according to claim 14, wherein there are two pairs that keep a distance axially from the tower, preferably at least 0.5 meters.

Marine construction according to any one of claims 1-15, arranged as an offshore wind energy installation of preferably at least 9 MW extending upwards from the seabed at an offshore location where the seabed extends, preferably at least 50 meters, below the local water level is located, and from this installation an electrical cable runs to an electricity consumer on land to supply the electricity generated offshore which is equipped with one or more of: a foundation system with three or more suction piles located on the angles of an imaginary polygon, seen in plan view and with a star-shaped, plan view, connector body having as many external angles as there are suction posts, which external angles are formed by the radially outwardly extending arms that provide the star shape; and from a single vertical tower placed centrally between the suction posts, seen in top view, formed by a single tube and made of thin-walled steel, which carries the gondola of the windmill at its top, the gondola with the rotor blades attached to it at least 20 meters above the local water level; the tower resting on top of the foundation system and the connector body resting on top of all suction posts; so that the foundation system is as deep as possible below the water surface and the tower is as long as possible; the tower is completely above the bottom of the connector body, with the connector body has a diameter that is preferably at least 2 meters more than at the level of the water surface, is hollow and thin-walled with a wall thickness between preferably 20 and 200 millimeters and above the water surface is preferably prismatic along its entire length and rigidly mounted to the connector body; each suction pole is a vertical standing thin-walled steel cylinder with a wall thickness of at least 3 millimeters and with a diameter and a height preferably between 10 and 15 meters, which is hermetically sealed at its top end by a top plate and at its bottom end which is in fluid communication with the suction space inside the suction pole, is open and with this bottom end protrudes into the seabed and during installation in the seabed by hydraulic underpressure generated in the suction space inside the cylinder, generated by connecting an external suction pump to a top plate and with the suction space in suction-fluid connection suction port with shut-off valve, has penetrated deeper into the seabed to be almost completely in the seabed, the suction posts have a mutual spacing of preferably at least 5 meters and provide a statically balanced or over-balanced support for the connector body, each suction pole contains inside by preference ur a form-retaining filler that, after completing the suctioning, completely fills the gap between the top of the seabed within the suction pile and the top plate and which filler has a height preferably between 10 and 100 centimeters and prevents the suction pile from going deeper downwards the seabed is pressed by the structure resting on top; the connector body has arms which are the elements which extend radially outwardly from the central portion of the connector body to each a relevant suction post and are attached thereto with their ends and the connector body preferably has a flat underside and is preferably free from the sea bottom and is preferably at a vertical distance of preferably at least 50 centimeters from the seabed and is preferably a completely closed body and preferably completely hollow and preferably entirely of thin-walled steel with a thickness of at least 5 millimeters and / or maximum 50 millimeters and at each of its external angles, preferably attached to the top plate of a relevant bollard by preferably rigid connections so that all bollards are preferably rigidly attached to the connector body, and located completely below the local water level at a distance of preferably at least 50 meters thereof and preferably has e and preferably closed, thin-walled monocoque construction whose external walls bear the loads and the cross-section of the arms of the connector body preferably decreases radially outward in height and / or width and the vertical distance between the top plate of the suction post and the connector body is preferably less than 1 meter and the connector body is preferably filled with ballast material for preferably at least 50% of its volume and preferably overlaps with the suction posts so that the connector body is preferably located directly above the top plate of each suction post preferably not radially beyond the suction posts, seen in top view and has a height of preferably up to 1.5 times the external diameter of the above-water level, preferably prismatic part of the tower and preferably extends horizontally and is preferably box-shaped with a preferably angular cross section and is preferably preferably made of flat plates, which are preferably fitted with stiffening ribs on the inside, and the four flat sides (top, bottom, side, side) preferably connect to each other via angled corners; the tower, the connector body and the suction posts are rigidly mounted together so that preferably all loads, including vertical and horizontal loads, bending moments and torsion, are transferred from the tower via the connector body to the suction posts and the attachment of the tower to the connector body is preferably arranged as a beam with a single longitudinal end clamped so that the tower extends vertically upwards from the connector body as a cantilever beam (so-called "cantilever beam"), in other words the tower is preferably free of structures above the connector body with which mechanical load is transferred from the tower to the seabed; the foundation system extends a maximum of 15 meters above the local seabed and / or is completely below the highest point of the connector body; only in the area downward from the highest point of the connector body extend attached to the tower and load from the tower transferring structures to the sea bed.

Installation according to any one of claims 1-16, the arms of the connector body have a height, measured in place of maximum height, between 0.75 and 1.5 times the diameter of the tower at the level of the connector body and / or have a width, measured in their place of maximum width, between 0.5 and 1.0 times their height, measured in their place of maximum height.

The method of installing the marine structure according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein a first sub-unit comprising the suction posts and the connector body and a second sub-unit comprising the tower are provided, and the first and second sub-unit subsequently separate from each other , preferably with a minimum distance of 10 meters from each other, floating on or in the water, a distance of preferably at least 100 or 1000 meters while sailing, are transported to the naval installation location, preferably with the first sub-unit in the upright position, and then the first and second subunits, floating on or in the water, are combined to form the naval structure.

A method according to claim 18, wherein during the floating transport on or in the water transport to the naval installation location, under one or more bridging bridges for car traffic, preferably of a fixed type, spanning waterways, the first and / or the second subunit, preferably without interruption of car traffic over the bridge.

The method of claim 18 or 19, wherein the first subunit and the second subunit are joined by activating quick connectors on the connector body and / or tower.