MXPA98000517A - Process to produce granula organic materials - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a process for producing granulated organic materials, where a precipitated fraction, which is obtained in a sedimentation tank, from a methane fermentation fluid that has been treated aerobically in an aeration tank, is added to a residual fluid from a fermentation process, according to the present invention, a process is provided for producing physically stable granulated organic materials, with a reduced increase in stickiness that occurs at the time of manufacture of the granulated organic materials from the residual fluid of a fermentation process

Description

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING GRANULATED ORGANIC MATERIALS BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a process for the production of granulated organic materials, by means of the use of residual fluids from the fermentation processes treated by the addition of methane fermentation materials. These granulated organic materials are useful as organic fertilizers. Because the residual fluids from the fermentation processes are rich in fertilizer components, such as nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potassium, and in the inorganic materials necessary for the growth of plants, such as sugars, amino acids and vitamins, they are useful as raw materials for fertilizers, but if they are concentrated at a high concentration, they become extremely sticky or viscous materials, due to the influence of high molecular weight organic materials, such as polysaccharides derived from molasses, etc., contained in the residual fluids of the fermentation processes. The production of organic fertilizers - using these residual fluids from the fermentation processes, presents several problems that result from this stickiness, such as the manifestation of flaking at the time of drying, inability to granulate.

REF: 26682 A wide variety of techniques have been examined so far to reduce the stickiness of residual fluids from fermentation processes Examples include a method of mineral acid addition and subsequent heating (Japanese Patent Application, Examined, Published, No. 16332/69), a method for mixing with chicken droppings (Japanese Patent Application, Examined, Published, No. 12243/70), a method of adding quick lime and subsequent drying (Patent Application Japanese, Non-examined, Published, No. 121060/75), and a method for drying the residual fluid from the fermentation process together with silicate (Japanese Patent Application, Not-examined, Published, No. 167292/89). However, the techniques of the prior art are practically unrealistic methods due to drawbacks such as complicated processes and lower productivity, presence of odors during the drying time, etc., or techniques that do not they are advantageous industrially, because the components of the fertilizer are made scarce by the use of additives that are unnecessary as components of the fertilizer. Currently, a method is used (referred to, from this moment as the sulfuric acid addition method) that involves adding concentrated sulfuric acid to the concentrated residual fluid from the fermentation of molasses (concentration of sulfuric acid: 10 to 30%); then heat it for several hours (temperature: 100 to 105 ° C) converting, in this way, the soluble organic materials (sugars, etc.) in the residual fluid, to the substance of the humus to improve its physical properties, and to dry it and solidify it (Request for Japanese Patent, Non-examined, Published, No. 18657/74).

However, this method of adding sulfuric acid requires enormous costs for the facilities, etc., in order to carry out the sulfuric acid treatment stage, therefore, there is a need for an economic process to produce granulated organic materials. physically stable.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a process for the production of physically stable, granular organic materials, with a reduced increase in stickiness that occurs at the time of manufacture of the organic materials granulated from the waste fluids from a fermentation process. The. present inventors extensively examined various methods to achieve an effect equivalent to, or superior to, that of the sulfuric acid addition method, and as a result, find that this method can be conceived by the addition of methane fermentation materials, to arrive at the present invention. The present invention relates to a process for producing granulated organic materials, wherein a precipitated fraction (hereinafter referred to as "mud"), obtained in a sedimentation tank from a methane fermentation fluid that has been aerobically treated in An aeration tank is added to the residual fluid of a fermentation process.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The residual fluid of a fermentation process includes several residual fluids from a fermentation process, such as the residual fluids of the alcoholic fermentation; residual fluids from yeast fermentation; residual fluids from the fermentation of amino acids such as the fermentation of glutamic acid, lysine, or ornithine; the residual fluids of the fermentation of organic acids, such as the fermentation of citric acid or gluconic acid. Specific examples of these residual fluids from a fermentation process include the residual fluids of alcoholic fermentation with a total solids content of 8 to 9%, prepared by the process by which yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, etc.) are grown in a medium containing 10 to 30% residues of molasses and 0.1 to 0.5% ammonium sulfate at a temperature of 20 to 35 ° C, for a period of 3 to 7 days, and the culture is subjected to simple distillation in a column of the type of dishes; a column of the bubble-bell type or Super-Allospase type; and the alcohol is distilled and separated from the distillate; and the residual fluids of amino acid fermentation, prepared by the process in which glutamic acid-producing microorganisms (eg, Corynebact erium glutamicum, etc.) are grown in a medium containing from 10 to 25% molasses residues, 0.05 to 0.5% "of Monoamo nio phosphate, and 0.05 to 0.5% of diammonium monophosphate, under an aeration rate of 0.1 to 1 vvm, is stirred at a speed of 50 to 100 rpm, at a temperature of 25 to 40 C for 1 to 4 days, and the culture is concentrated, and sulfuric acid, or something similar, is added to the concentrate to precipitate and remove the glutamic acid, then the concentrated residual fluids obtained by concentrating these residual fluids from a Fermentation process, preferably they are used, and the concentrated residual fluids include eg, residual fluids of a fermentation process concentrated in such a way that their content of total solids reaches of 20 to 60%. The methanol fermentation used can be any methane fermentation fluid obtained from methane fermentation. Examples are the methane fermentation fluids obtained by subjecting the residual fluids of methane fermentation, described above, and draining from the factory, from processes for the manufacture of beer, food, etc. Specifically, these residual fluids from methane fermentation are obtained by subjecting the above-described fermentation process fluids to the fermentation of methane at a temperature of 30 to 60 ° C, for a time from 3 days to 2 weeks. The preferred fluids of methane fermentation are those obtained by subjecting the fluids of the alcoholic fermentation to the fermentation of the methane at a temperature of 30 to 60 ° C, for a time from 3 days to 2 weeks. The sludge to be added includes a precipitated fraction obtained by subjecting the previous fluid, from the fermentation of methane, to an aeration treatment, at an aeration rate of 0.2 to 1.2 vvm, for a period of time from 1 to 7 days. , and introducing it in a sedimentation tank, preferably mud, etc., with a solids content of 15 to 55%, obtained by dehydrating the fraction in a decanter, or drying it in the sun. The amount to be added from the sludge is from 30 to 200% w / w, preferably from 50-100% w / w, in terms of the solids content, based on the residual fluid from a fermentation process or in the concentrated.

The residual fluid of a fermentation process to which the sludge has been added is granulated and dried in the usual manner mentioned above, using a plate type granulator equipment, etc., by means of which granulated organic materials can be obtained. If the granulated organic materials are used as fertilizer, these granulated organic materials can be used as such, or the granulated organic materials, prepared by adding an inorganic fertilizer to the residual fluid of a fermentation process containing the sludge and then granulating and drying it In the same way as mentioned above, it could be used as fertilizer. The added inorganic fertilizer includes phosphorus-containing compounds, such as phosphoric acid, diammonium phosphate, double calcium superphosphate, and calcium superphosphate.; compounds containing potassium, such as potassium sulfate and potassium chloride; nitrogen-containing compounds, such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride and urea; and magnesium sulfate. The amount of inorganic fertilizer added can be varied depending on the objective. For example, the inorganic fertilizer is added in an amount such that the ratio of the total solids content in the residual fluid of a fermentation process, mentioned above, and of the fraction precipitated, to the solids content in the inorganic fertilizer consisting of nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potassium, is 2: 3, while the content of nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potassium, are finally 8%, respectively. According to the present invention, there is provided a process for the production of physically stable, granulated organic materials, with a reduced increase in stickiness that occurs at the time of manufacture of granulated organic materials from residual fluids of a process of fermentation. EXAMPLES The present invention is described in more detail below, with reference to the following examples, which, however, are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Unless otherwise indicated, all parts and percentages are by weight.

EXAMPLE 1 (1) Preparation of the residual fluids of a fermentation process and of the concentrates of a fermentation process. To confirm the effect of the addition of the sludge at the time of dehydration and drying of the residual fluids of a fermentation process, several residual fluids of fermentation processes and various fermentation process concentrates were obtained in the following manner. (I) Preparation of the residual fluid of the alcoholic fermentation and the concentrate thereof. Saccharomyces cerevisiae was grown in a medium containing 20% molasses residues and 0.1% ammonium sulfate at a temperature of 30 ° C, for 4 days, to obtain a fluid from the fermentation process. This fluid from a fermentation process was subjected to simple distillation in a distillation column of the type Super-Allospase, where the alcohol was distilled and separated, to give a fluid of the alcoholic fermentation process with a total solids content of 8 to 9%. This residual fluid from the alcoholic fermentation was concentrated until its total solids content reached 40%, which resulted in a concentrate of the. alcoholic fermentation. (II) Preparation of the residual fluid from the fermentation of glutamic acid and the concentrate thereof. Corynebacterium glut amicum was grown in a medium containing 18% molasses residue, 0.1% monoammonium phosphate and 0.1% diammonium phosphate at an aeration rate of 0.2 vvm, 75 rpm, 35 ° C, for 2 days, and the resulting culture was concentrated, followed by the addition of sulfuric acid, or the like, to the concentrate, to precipitate and remove glutamic acid therefrom, whereby a residual fluid was obtained from the fermentation of the glutamic acid. This residual fluid from the fermentation of glutamic acid was concentrated until its total solids content reached 35%, whereby a concentrate of the fermentation of glutamic acid was obtained. (2) Preparation of the mud. The residual fluid of the alcoholic fermentation obtained in (l) - (I), above, was subjected to fermentation of the methane at a temperature of 50 to 60 ° C for 10 days and was subjected to an aeration treatment at a temperature of 35 to 40 ° C, at an aeration rate of 1000 NmVhora. The solution treated in this way was fed continuously to a sedimentation tank and a precipitated fraction was obtained. The precipitated fraction was dried in the sun, whereby a sludge with a solids content of 48% was obtained. (3) Examination of the effect of the addition of mud at the time of drying. A. 30-liter mechanical stainless steel kneader, with stirring blades, was loaded with 10 Kg (in terms of the solids content) of each of the 8 dried materials shown in Table 1, and the material was stirred and dried while heating with steam.

As the dehydration of the dried material proceeds during this treatment, the viscosity of the dried material increases depending on the physical properties of the material. Therefore, the physical properties of the material can be evaluated from the increase in the r supply to the agitation machine due to an increase in its viscosity, as well as from the stickiness of its flakes on the device at the moment of dehydration, and its state of spray. The effect of the addition of the sludge obtained by the process is shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1 Effect of the addition of sludge to the residual fluids of a fermentation, at the time of drying.

Amount of sludge added Amount with respect to the concentrate, where 100% means the addition of a volume equal to the concentrate. Addition of inorganic fertilizer * 2: The inorganic fertilizer is added in an amount such that the ratio of the content of total solids, in the concentrate and in the mud, to the solids content of the inorganic fertilizer consisting of nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potassium is 2: 3, while the content of nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potassium are, finally, approximately 8%, respectively.

If the slurry was not added, it was not possible to obtain dust from the dried material, while by the addition of the sludge, the energy feed to the stirring machine could be reduced, the stickiness and / or viscosity of the dried material could be prevented. it will increase, and dust could be obtained.

EXAMPLE 2 The physical properties of a compound fertilizer containing organic materials, prepared by the addition of the sludge of the present invention, were compared with those of a compound fertilizer containing organic materials, prepared according to the conventional method using sulfuric acid. The preparation of a fertilizer containing organic materials (referred to from this moment as fertilizer treated with sulfuric acid), according to the conventional method, was carried out as follows: A residual fluid, from a fermentation process, obtained from the same manner as in Example 1- (1) - (II) was subsequently concentrated until its total solids content reached 52%, whereby a concentrate was obtained. Concentrated sulfuric acid (15 parts to the concentrate (100 parts) was added, and the mixture was treated with heating at 105 ° C for 5 hours.The solution treated in this way was neutralized with ammonia, and the organic fertilizer was added in accordance with the method described in Table 1, in Example 1, and the mixture was granulated and dried in a d-type granulate, which resulted in a fertilizer treated with sulfuric acid, with a solids content of 52% , from the residual fluid of the fermentation process A compound fertilizer containing organic materials, to which was added mud (which is referred to from this moment as fertilizer added with mud) was prepared as follows: A concentrate of the same type was used that used previously to produce the compound fertilizer that has organic materials according to the conventional process, but with a solids content of 32%, without with sulfuric acid, and the sludge was added to it at 20%, in terms of the solids content, at its total solids content it was adjusted to the same level (52%) as in the fertilizer treated with sulfuric acid, with 1 which was prepared a fertilizer. The inorganic fertilizer was added to the preparation according to the method described in Table 1, in Example 1, and the mixture was granulated and dried in the same manner as for the fertilizer treated with sulfuric acid, whereby a fertilizer, added with mud, with a solids content of 52%, from the residual fluid of the fermentation process. The physical properties of the fertilizer added with sludge, prepared by the addition of the sludge of the present invention, were compared with those of the fertilizer treated with sulfuric acid, prepared according to the conventional method using sulfuric acid. Results are shown in table 2.

TABLE 2 Physical properties of the compound fertilizer containing organic materials, produced by the method of the invention.

Humus content * 1: substance insoluble in acid, soluble in alkali.

Moisture Absorption * 2: change of water content, with respect to time, at a temperature of 25 ° C, under a relative humidity of 80%.

As is evident from Table 2, the fertilizer added with sludge, of the present invention, was found to be a fertilizer containing humus materials at a similar level and having excellent physical properties, with significantly lower moisture absorption. , compared with conventional fertilizer treated with sulfuric acid.

EXAMPLE 3_ A concentrate of alcoholic fermentation (7.5 kg), with a total solids content of 40.2%, w / w, prepared according to the method described in Example 1- (1) - (I); sludge (8.5 kg), prepared according to the method described in Example l- (2); and a solution of phosphoric acid for fertilizer (1.7 kg, 52% of P2O5) was introduced in a 30 L mixing machine, equipped with an insulating jacket. Then, the mixture was stirred to give a suspension with adjusted pH. To the suspension were added ammonium sulphate (6.1 kg), diammonium phosphate for fertilizer (1.2 kg), potassium chloride for fertilizer (2.2 kg), calcium superphosphate (0.6 kg), and magnesium sulfate for fertilizer (0.8 kg).

The mixture was then stirred and dried while heating with steam to give 19.1 kg of a powder with a water content of 5.2%. Water (10 parts) was added to the powder (100 parts), so that its water content was adjusted to give 14%, and then it was granulated in a small granulator of the tray type and subsequently dried to give 18 kg of a compound fertilizer that contains organic materials. The results of the analyzes of the compound fertilizer containing organic materials are shown in Table 3.

TABLE 3 Moisture Absorption * 1: As determined after 72 hours, at 25 ° C, under a relative humidity of 80%.

EXAMPLE 4_ Sludge with a solids content of 18.5% was prepared, according to the same method as in Example l- (2), except that a decanter was used for dehydration, instead of drying it in the sol after the separation by means of precipitation. 110 kg of this sludge and 6.6 kg of a phosphoric acid solution for fertilizer (52% of P205) were added to an alcoholic fermentation concentrate (100 kg) with a total solids content of 20.5% w / w, prepared from according to the method described in Example 1- (1) - (I), and the pH was obtained a suspension with an adjusted pH (pH = 5.2, with a total solids content of 19.5%), according to the same So that in Example 3. "The suspension was dried using a drum dryer, with a heating surface of 0.5 m2, with steam (steam pressure, 3 kg / cm2; suspension feed rate, 40 kg / h) to give 21 kg of dry powder The results of the dry powder analysis are shown in Table 4.

TABLE 4 Dry powder (10 kg), ammonium sulphate (5.8 kg), diammonium phosphate for fertilizer (1.2 kg), potassium chloride for fertilizer (2.0 kg), calcium superphosphate (0.7 kg) and magnesium sulfate (6 kg) ) were introduced into a hammer mill, and mixed to give a powder preparation of the fertilizer. Water was added to the powder fertilizer preparation until its water content reached 15%, and it was mixed in a mixer and granulated in a tray type granulator, to give 7 kg of a granular compound fertilizer containing organic materials and that it has particles of 1.5 to 3.0 mm in diameter. The results of the analysis of the compound fertilizer containing organic materials are shown in Table 5.

TABLE 5 EXAMPLE 5_ The sludge (125 kg, total solids content: 19%) prepared according to Example 4, a solution of phosphoric acid (6.3 kg), ammonium sulfate (33.1 kg), potassium chloride (11.6 kg), and diammonium phosphate (7.5 kg), were added to a concentrate of glutamic acid fermentation (100 kg, total solids content: 35%, total nitrogen: 3.4%, and total potassium: 1.4%), prepared in accordance with Example 1- (1) - (I), and mixed with stirring to give a suspension with a water content of 59%. The suspension was dried using a drum dryer in the same manner as in Example 4, to give 98 kg of a powder (water content, 6.3%). The suspension (20 parts) was added to the dry powder (100 parts) and mixed in a mixer, then granulated in a tray-type granulator, to give 35 parts of the compound fertilizer, granulate, containing organic materials (diameter of the particle: 1.5 mm to 3 mm). The results of the analysis of this compound fertilizer, which contains organic materials, are shown in Table 6.

TABLE 6 It is noted that, in relation to this date, the best method known by the applicant to carry out the aforementioned invention, is the conventional one for the manufacture of the objects or substances to which it refers. Having described the invention as above, the content of the following is claimed as property.

Claims (8)

1. CLAIMS 1. A process for the production of granulated organic materials, characterized in that a precipitated fraction, obtained in a sedimentation tank from a methane fermentation fluid, that has been treated aerobically in an aeration tank, is added to a residual fluid from a fermentation process.
2. 2. The process, according to claim 1, characterized in that the residual fluid from the fermentation process is concentrated until its solids content reaches from 20% to 60%.
3. 3. The process, according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the methane fermentation fluid is a fluid from the methane fermentation that is obtained by subjecting a residual fluid from a fermentation process or the waste water from a factory to the methane fermentation.
4. 4. The process, according to claim 3, characterized in that the residual fluid from the fermentation process is a residual fluid from the alcoholic fermentation.
5. 5. The process, according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that the precipitated fraction is a precipitated fraction that is concentrated until its solids content reaches 15% to 55%.
6. 6. The process, according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, characterized in that, after the precipitated fraction is added to the residual fluid of the fermentation, an inorganic fertilizer is added.
7. 7. The process according to claim 6, characterized in that the inorganic fertilizer comprises at least one inorganic fertilizer selected from the group consisting of phosphoric acid, diammonium phosphate, double calcium superphosphate, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate, potassium chloride. , ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, urea and magnesium sulfate.
8. 8. An organic fertilizer characterized in that it comprises granulated organic materials, which are obtained in a process, according to one or more of claims 1 to 7.