MX2014002160A - Process for recovering hydrocarbons in operations of crude treatment with high water cut and recovery of crude from congenital waters in oil wells. - Google Patents

Abstract

Described is a process in situ, in continuous line, for recovering hydrocarbons resulting from flows of operations for treating crude with high water cuts, which results from congenital waters, these hydrocarbons resulting from flows or returns of operations of acid and non-acid stimulation of oil wells, operations of repair of oil wells and cleaning of oil wells.

Description

PROCESS OF RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBONS IN RAW TREATMENT OPERATIONS WITH HIGH WATER CUTTING AND RAW RECOVERY FROM CONGENITAL WATERS IN OIL WELLS TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention is related to means and processes for the recovery of petroleum hydrocarbons and more specifically with crude oil treatment processes with high water cut and recovery of crude oil from congenital waters in oil wells; treatment of returns of acidic and non-acidic stimulation of oil wells to increase their productivity and processing heavy and light crude oil in dehydration and desalination operations.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In the known art, currently Petróleos Mexicanos (PEMEX), makes many efforts to raise national oil production, applying various methods; among these are the processes of recovery of hydrocarbons in oil treatment operations with high water cutoff and recovery of crude oil from congenital waters in oil wells that may be necessary, both when an acid or non-acid stimulation is carried out in the well, either dehydration or desalination operations of the crude are required, operations that will depend on the characteristics and conditions under which the crude is stored in the subsurface formations or the treatments administered to the wells. i Most production of crude oil requires treatment to remove water, salts and other contaminants before transmission to the refinery. There are several types of contaminants that may exist in crude oil including: Free Suspended Contaminants like the water and sand that exist in the crude in a free form. The pollutants are carried and sustained in the suspension by the turbulence of the current. The reduction in flow velocity allows these contaminants to be easily separated.

Emulsified Contaminants describe the water and BS &W that are strongly trapped in the crude in an emulsified form. The removal of these contaminants may require a variety of treatments including chemical substances, heating, coalescence, etc.

Dissolved Contaminants can be wax or bitumen that are dissolved in the crude. The removal of these contaminants may also require a variety of treatments including chemical substances, heating, coalescence, etc.

Dehydration of the crude. Crude dehydration is the process by which the water associated with the crude oil is separated, either in emulsified or free form, until its content is reduced to a percentage equal to or less than 1% of water.

Congenita water. Congenital water is salt water that is found in the interstices of the rock, associated with the exploitation of hydrocarbons. In Mexico, during 2002, in the exploitation of crude oil and natural gas, 12.09 million cubic meters of congenital water were produced, of which 86.4% were reinjected.

Treatment of congenital waters. In Mexico, congenital water is used in secondary recovery, which is why it must undergo treatment "cleaning". Considering the characteristics of the composition of the subsoil in the area where the treated water will be injected, the contaminants whose removal is essential were identified. In the first place, to avoid the clogging phenomenon, it is necessary to completely remove the suspended solids as well as the compounds that generate the calcareous water.

Free water. Free water is easily separated from the crude oil by gravity, as soon as the speed of the fluids is indicated.

Emulsions The other part of the water is combined with the crude oil in the form of emulsion of water droplets dispersed in the oil. Emulsions can be reduced by eliminating turbulence and removing water from the oil as soon as possible.

Dehydration methods. There are several methods to perform dehydration of oil. In general, a combination of thermal and chemical methods is used with a mechanical or electrical method to achieve effective dehydration of the emulsion. The dehydration of crude oil allows us to avoid: a) Water causes corrosion in tanks and pipelines. b) Increase in the cost of transporting oil. c) Higher expense of the equipment due to the handling of a larger volume.

Sedimentation and dehydration. It is the simplest method, is the use of gravity to allow the drops to settle. Tanks are filled with petroleum and left static for sedimentation, then heating and a demulsifier is applied. With the help of deflectors degassing is carried out and emulsions are prevented from arising again.

Heat treatment. The treatment by heating consists in the heating of the crude oil by means of heat exchange equipment. In this method heat is applied to the emulsion to reduce the surface tension and to break it increasing the solubility, reducing the viscosity, which promotes separation by gravity. This accelerates the speed of the demulsifiers, as well as the expansion and gasification of water due to the temperature gradient.

Electrical treatment Involves the use of an electric field in order that the drops move to the electrodes and fall by gravity; This happens because the particles are attracted to each other when a high voltage electric field is formed, these processes are not very profitable, because they require higher temperature and pressure than chemical processes.

Chemical treatment The chemical treatment consists in applying a demulsifier product, which must be injected as early as possible at the surface or at the bottom of the well. This allows more contact time and can prevent the formation of emulsion and allows the action of gravity to form and separate the layers of liquids.

In all cases of the known art, as it is necessary to condition the flows coming from the well, high-pressure chemical products are injected at high pressure, in order to apply a deep cleaning and release the obstructions that cause the low production of the well. These chemicals, once they react chemically with the formation, are released to the surface by the same well pressure, together with significant amounts of water stored and released or from congenital waters, which will depend on the characteristics and conditions under the which is the crude stored in the subsurface formations or the treatments administered to the wells, the following occurs: 1. - Injected chemicals already spent and contaminated hydrocarbons, including large amounts of water, are received in a two-phase separator, which separates gas and liquid. The gas is recovered and sent to the process to the battery and the obtained liquids, which are a mixture of spent chemicals + contaminated hydrocarbons, are sent to a metal dam and then with tank cars are sent for reinjection in a latrine pit. 2. - Once the entire volume of the injected chemical products has been displaced, the contribution of the well from a volume of contaminated hydrocarbons begins. This hydrocarbon can not be sent to the normal process to a battery of dehydration and desalination, because it does not have the physical-chemical parameters adjusted: pH = 7 and low level of emulsion. 3. - All hydrocarbon production obtained after the stimulation process, is sent to metal dams and then with trucks pipes are sent to reinjection to a pit latrine. This situation is maintained, until and in a natural way, the physicochemical parameters are adjusted. The process for the well to return to provide uncontaminated hydrocarbon may take several days.

PREVIOUS ART KNOWN No.1.

Currently MiSWACO, an oil company, proposes a solution for the treatment and recovery of hydrocarbon mixed with water. The oil company had problems in handling the very stable oily emulsions that were generated daily. These stable emulsions could not be separated or treated by traditional methods. Another inherent problem was that the capacity of the tanks was limited at the time and 8,000 barrels of hydrocarbons had to be treated daily. The solution proposed by MiSWACO, involved a process to treat the entire volume of oily emulsions, so that as a result, water, oil and solids were separated, in such a way that the hydrocarbon could be sent to commercialization and the water to regular treatment. The process recommended and used by MiSWACO, was the following: 1. - During the first phase of the process, the hydrocarbon mixture was heated to more than 90 ° C. 2. - The mixture was processed in a decanting centrifuge 518, reaching a high G force, this to extract the larger solid particles. 3. - The emulsion and the fines were taken to a powerful three-phase, high-speed separator, where the water, the crude oil and the remaining solids were separated.

The result reported by MiSWACO, is based on the fact that they recovered more than 3,300 barrels of hydrocarbons, with water and sediments < 1%, in a period of 40 days.

COMMENTS ON PREVIOUS ART KNOWN No 1.- The process proposed and used by the company MiSWACO, requires a time of 40 days for its application. It is a process where the hydrocarbon-water mixture is stored in tanks. The process proposed by MiSWACO, requires a centrifugal stage equipment, which subjects the mixture to a high G force, so that solid-liquid separation is possible, this is a very complex stage of the process, which requires energy , additional equipment and a lot of space for equipment repair. Finally the process uses a three-phase separator, for water separation, hydrocarbon and solids.

PREVIOUS ART KNOWN No.2.- This prior known art, relates the use of a Separator at the foot of the well, for the separation of the fluids. This invention recommends the use of a combination of degassing tanks and flotation tanks for the subsequent separation of the remaining gas, water, oil and solids.

This separator is composed of a vertical cylindrical tank with a tangential inlet of the fluid, with at least one outlet for oil and gas in the upper part of the tank, an outlet for water in the lower part of the tank and a concentric inner wall and an optional outlet for solids in the lower part of the tank. In this separator, a first separation of the water-oil-gas phases is carried out. This invention includes and recommends a series of degassing tanks and flotation tanks, configured in series and in parallel, for the subsequent separation of gas fractions, which are trapped in the obtained liquids. In order to improve the separation, gas can be injected, before the mixture of the fluid enters the separator. Through these degassing tanks and flotation tanks, the liquids obtained are purified to be sent to refineries or other processes.

COMMENTS ON THE PREVIOUS ART KNOWN NO.2.- The invention of the previous art presented, is a process that is integrated by a combination of separators and tanks for the reception of the flows directly from the well. The formation gas, which is received at the surface, does not separate immediately, it is recovered in combination with the oil and subsequently achieves its separation in stages, by integrating the degassing tanks and flotation tanks. This requires residence times prolonged and space, as well as a complicated device of equipment in plant, all factors that affect the cost of operation.

THE PROCESS OF THE PRESENT INVENTION HAS THE FOLLOWING ADVANTAGES ABOVE THE PREVIOUS ART: 1. - The process of the present invention, offers an online treatment for all the flow coming from the well. The stages of this process are developed dynamically, allowing the fluid to be conditioned, separated and sent in the shortest time possible to Battery. 2. - Suspended solids, which have the mie of fluids coming from the well, are separated quickly when entering the three-phase separator and sent, collected and sent through pipes for final confinement. This stage of retention of solids does not require special equipment for the separation and final confinement. 3. - The process of thermal conditioning and phase separation are proposed in the present invention as consecutive processes, so that when entering the Three-Phase Separator, the fluid is already conditioned so that phase separation is carried out in a efficient. The gas is separated in the same way and is sent by independent pipe to Battery for further processing. Water and oil are separated by density difference and are sent to different storage chambers and by pressures are dislodged by independent pipelines. 4. - The residence time of the fluid of the materials in the whole process, from the outlet of the well, is approximately from 8 to 9 minutes, in this time there is the separation of Gas-Oil-Water-Solids phases.

SPECIFIC DIFFERENCE IN EACH TECHNICAL EFFECT DISADVANTAGES OF PREVIOUS ART 1. - The previous art No.1, offers the general process in three separate stages: Heating, Centrifugation and Separation. This necessarily requires more support equipment, to send all the hydrocarbon treated to Battery. 2. - The previous art No.1, presents much longer process times. They depend on the transfer of fluids from one device to another. 3. - In the previous art No.2, the separation of the phases in its first stage is partial, the liquids are separated together with gas fractions. This presents a non-complete process, which has to be defined with subsequent separation equipment. 4. - In order to improve the separation, this invention of the prior art recommends the injection of gas, which is recovered in part, in the later stage of separation. 5. - For the process of separation of the fluids that come from the well, be complete, prior art No.2, recommends a series of subsequent separators, which can be configured in series or in parallel and that convert to the process of this invention of the previous art in complex and not very functional.

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE PRESENT INVENTION AND THE NEAREST PREVIOUS ART. ADVANTAGES OF THE ART OF THE PRESENT INVENTION 1. - The process of the present invention offers, from a configuration modality of integrated equipment on a mobile platform, the possibility of being able to apply an on-site treatment for the recovery of contaminated hydrocarbons. 2 - . 2 - Integrates in line, four points of chemical injection and sample taking (mixer), for the conditioning of the contaminated hydrocarbon. It is also an automated system for pH adjustment. 3. -Integrates in line a water jet injection point for washing the hydrocarbon, solubilizing the acids contained in the fluid and allowing a rapid adjustment of the general pH of the fluid. 4. - Integrates an online recirculation system. The first stage of reception of non-polar chemicals mixed with contaminated hydrocarbons is sent to a metal dam to complement its process of parameter adjustments. The contaminated hydrocarbon flow is adjusted online and sent to the battery. In parallel, the non-polar chemicals already treated are integrated into the flow of the treated hydrocarbons for battery delivery.

ADVANTAGES OF THE PRESENT INVENTION 1. - The alignment of the drilled well is done quickly, starting the delivery of the well production, in a shorter time. This favors raising the plant availability factor. 2. - The process of recovery of hydrocarbons is a mobile process, of superficial application and in line and therefore can be applied to any oil well, for cases of acid or non-acidic stimulation, oil well repairs and cleaning of oil wells. oil wells, treatment of heavy and semi-heavy crude (dehydration and desalination), treatment of crude oil with high water cut-off and recovery of crude from congenital waters. 3. - The mixer used in the hydrocarbon recovery process allows to control the conditioning of the fluid to be treated. Allows to condition the flow for dehydration and desalination. 4. - The recirculation ring, allows the recovery of spent chemical products, as an oil phase and finally has the opportunity to reinject them and be sent to batteries along with the treated hydrocarbons, for commercialization. 5. - The process offers the appropriate way to apply a flow of clean water and solvents, as the case may be, which allows to apply washes and recover and solubilize specific chemical entities. 6. - All the production of contaminated hydrocarbons and all the non-polar chemical products used in the stimulation process is recovered, with this the daily oil production is increased and the deferred production is reduced. 7. - As all the volume of contaminated hydrocarbons and spent chemical products are recovered and integrated into the production, protection of the environment is favored, reducing the contamination of the water table.

ADDITIONAL DISADVANTAGES OF PREVIOUS ART 1. - The prior art offers much longer battery alignment times, because you have to wait for the well to be completely cleaned; that is, that the hydrocarbon is not contaminated, to then align with the battery. This is avoided with our treatment that is carried out in situ and online. 2. - During the process of receiving the returns displaced by the well after the stimulation, all the production is sent to metal dams and then to latrine wells, this means many truck trips, increasing the risks of accidents on the road and requiring more operating personnel in the well and more operating costs. This is avoided with our treatment that is carried out in situ and online. 3. - All the production generated during the post-stimulation process is sent to the latrine well; this situation is maintained until the contaminated hydrocarbons displaced by the well adjust their physicochemical parameters.

This is avoided with our treatment that is carried out in situ and online. 4. - As all the production of contaminated hydrocarbons and spent acids are sent to the latrine well, there is an important environmental impact that can contaminate the aquifers in the subsoil. This is avoided with our treatment that is carried out in situ and online.

TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MAIN EQUIPMENT OF THE CONFIGURATION NO.2 OF THE PRESENT INVENTION FREE WATER KNOCKOUT SEPARATOR .- It is a separator, which is used when you have a mixture of fluids from the well and containing high percentage of free water. The free water favors the formation of stable emulsions and therefore hinders the subsequent separation of the hydrocarbon. In a first stage, the FWKO separates all the free water present in the mixture. This equipment operates at low pressures and the displacement of the gas takes place in the upper part of the tank and the displacement of the oil and water is produced by effects of levels from floats acting on dispensing valves.

THREE PHASE SEPARATOR .- It is a phase separator, which is used as a first option, is the best known and effective. The separation of the phases is carried out by differences in densities and the results are very satisfactory. The gas is dislodged from the top of the tank and its vent is controlled by an automated valve. The next phase to separate is the oil that occupies the top of the liquid that enters the tank. The oil forms a layer approximately 2"thick and is sent to the oil chamber by overflow. With the use of floats and pneumatic valves, both the oil and the water in each chamber are discharged, the gas pressure inside the cylinder favors the evacuation of liquids.

TREATMENT WITH HEAT (HEATER TREATER). It is a very useful team in the Oil Industry, because it integrates the performance of 3 teams in 1: Free Water Knockout, Heater Fire Line (Line Heater) and Three Phase Separator. Therefore, it is expected that when using the Heater Treater, it is possible to eliminate the emulsions quickly, in most cases with the help of chemical products (Anti-Emulsifiers). This equipment operates at low pressures and the displacement of the gas takes place in the upper part of the tank and the displacement of the oil and water is produced by effects of levels from floats acting on dispensing valves.

The inventors of the present invention developed a series of experiments, tests and tests that produced an HYDROCARBON RECOVERY PROCESS IN RAW TREATMENT OPERATIONS WITH HIGH WATER CUTTING AND RAW RECOVERY FROM CONGENITAL WATERS IN OIL WELLS, with base in a computer configuration mode, which is very important in the part of the engineering in which the invention is included.

This is a novel online process that is applied on site during acid and non-acidic stimulations, in oil well repairs and cleaning operations, receiving and treating, all the returns of spent chemical products and contaminated hydrocarbons displaced towards the surface ( including high water cuts and congenital waters), sending them, quickly to battery, for processing and commercialization. Through this process, the spent chemical products are separated as polar and non-polar, recovering the non-polar chemical products and reintegrating them to process, so that they are mixed with the hydrocarbon that is ready for commercialization.

The applicant has developed a process that is applied online and recovers all contaminated hydrocarbons and non-polar chemicals injected, the waiting time is minimal to align the well battery and be able to send the process to the production of treated hydrocarbons, therefore the factor of plant availability is not affected by the stimulation works. All the contaminated hydrocarbons generated and the non-polar chemicals injected are recovered and sent to the battery for processing and commercialization. The process of the present application contributes to improving the environment, because it avoids the sending of contaminated hydrocarbons and spent chemical products to the latrine well.

OBJECTIVES OF THE INVENTION It is a main objective of the present invention to provide an online process for the recovery of hydrocarbons in treatment operations of crude oil with high water cut and recovery of crude oil from congenital waters in oil wells based on a preferred embodiment of process steps.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide an online process for the recovery of hydrocarbons in crude oil treatment operations with high water cutting and recovery of crude from congenital waters, based on a preferred embodiment of of process equipment.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS For a better understanding of the present invention, this is described based on a preferred embodiment illustrated in the figures that accompany this description and in which: Figure 1 is a conventional view of a step diagram of the hydrocarbon recovery process in oil treatment operations with high water cuts and from congenital waters of the present invention, as well as acid and non-acid stimulation operations. acidic oil wells; of oil well repair operations and operations of oil well cleaning and treatment of heavy and semi-heavy crude oil (dehydration and desalination), which are carried out based on a preferred configuration of process equipment.

Figure 2 is a conventional view of the flow diagram of the hydrocarbon recovery process in oil treatment operations with high water cuts and originating from congenital waters of the present invention, as well as from acid and non-acidic stimulation operations of oil wells; of oil well repair operations and operations of oil well cleaning and treatment of heavy and semi-heavy crude oil (dehydration and desalination), which are carried out based on a preferred configuration of process equipment, showing the main equipment and some minor details thereof.

PREFERRED MODALITY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is described based on a preferred embodiment in which: It is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of the construction and arrangement of the components that are set forth in the host presentation or illustrated in the drawings.

Mention is made, unless otherwise provided, that all technical or scientific terms used in this document have the same meaning as commonly understood by persons skilled in the arts of the invention. The methods and examples provided in this document are illustrative and are not intended to be a limitation.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the applications of the process thus described for the accomplishment of objectives or operations related to the process of recovery of hydrocarbons in oil treatment operations with high water cuts are combined in a single configuration of equipment. v. from conquering waters of the present invention, as well as from acid and non-acidic stimulation operations of oil wells; of oil well repairs and oil well cleaning, where the conditions of storage of such substances in the subsurface formations, have significant amounts of water. The configuration can be in each case fixed, semi-fixed or mobile; compact or modular. l) IN REFERENCE TO FIGURE 1.

The process of recovery of hydrocarbons in acid and non-acidic stimulation operations of oil wells; of oil well repair operations and oil well cleaning operations, is grouped in the following stages: 1 ONLINE RECEPTION OF MIXED WELL RETURNS. .- The process begins with the mechanical interconnection (1) of the equipment with the production pipeline of the well. This process can be applied to any well that, according to the characteristics of the subsoil formations that typify the storage of hydrocarbons, gases and water, as well as congenital waters or that have been performed acid or non-acid stimulation works.; of oil well repairs and oil well cleanups; this flow will be integrated to the other equipment through pipes. All the equipment, pipes and materials used are H2S-proof. 2 PHYSICOCHEMICAL CONDITIONING. In this stage the physicochemical parameters of the returns are sampled and according to them, the flow of the returns is conditioned by the injection of chemical conditioning products (2-3) and by the injection of clean water (2-1) conditioned thermally. from the recirculation ring, which has a conditioning unit (21), in order to facilitate the separation by later phases of the mixture, and to solubilize the polar compounds, and at the same time the spent chemical products are injected (2- 2) originated in well operations. 3 SEPARATION OF FREE WATER. It is done by means of the Free Water Knockout. In this stage, the FWKO separates all the free water present in the mixture. This equipment operates at low pressures and displacement of the gas is effected in the upper part of the tank (not shown) and the displacement of the oil and water is produced by effects of levels from floats (not shown) acting on dispensing valves (not shown). 4 THREE PHASE SEPARATION. In this stage the phase separation of the mixed and conditioned components of the flow, already stripped of the free water, takes place in a three-phase separator: non-polar oil phase (A), polar aqueous phase (B) and gas phase (C) . The suspended solids of the flow are separated in this stage. 5 HEAT TREATMENT. It is used in this stage to reinforce and make more intense online, the processes of separation by phases. It is a Team (22) very useful in the Oil Industry, because it integrates the performance of 3 teams in 1: Free Water Separator (23) (Free Water Knockout), Direct Fire Heater (Une Heater) and Three Phase Separator (10) . Therefore, it is expected that when using the Heater Treater (22), it is possible to eliminate the emulsions quickly, in most cases with the help of chemical products (Anti-Emulsifiers). This equipment operates at low pressures and the displacement of the gas takes place in the upper part of the tank and the displacement of the oil and water is produced by effects of levels from floats acting on dispensing valves. 6 CONTROL OF PROCESS PARAMETERS (IN MIXED FLOW ENTRY, PROCESS STAGES AND OUTPUT OF PROCESSED FLOWS) (6.1 and 6.2). All stages of operations of the process are monitored and controlled electronically, automated, and include sampling, control of process parameters and correction thereof, operating the operation of the components and equipment to make the correction actions of the process parameters in the lines and equipment, in order to control the efficiency of the process and the quality of the products, in benefit of the recovery of the inputs and products and of the protection of the environment 7 RECIRCULATION TO TREATMENT. This stage of the process closes the circle of forecasts and process control measures in all its stages to avoid waste of inputs and products thereof and further increase the economic efficiency and environmental benefits that the process provides, through the previous stage of control of process parameters. This process recirculation has a unit (21) for thermal conditioning of the flow coming from the process tank (14), in order to facilitate the separation by later phases of the mixture, by recirculating the flow to the process.

II) IN REFERENCE TO FIGURE 2. WE HAVE: 1. - The process begins with the mechanical interconnection (1) of the equipment with the production pipeline of the well. This process can be applied to any well that has undergone acid or non-acid stimulation work, for dehydration and desalination of heavy and semi-heavy hydrocarbons and in the treatment of hydrocarbon streams with high water content and recovery of crude oil. from congenital waters. This process is designed to withstand wells with head pressures of 3,000 to 5,000 psig. From this point, the process will receive all the contributions of hydrocarbons contaminated with water, salts, returns of spent chemical products and contaminated hydrocarbons and suspended solids; this flow will be integrated to the other equipment through pipes. All the equipment, pipes and materials used are H2S-proof. 2. - Immediately after the interconnection pipe with the well, there is a safety valve (2) calibrated at 5000 psig, pneumatically operated with nitrogen gas, which closes automatically; in case of overpressure of the well to the process, the response time for the closing of this safety valve in case of emergency is 3 seconds. 3. - This process pipe that is connected to the output of the well, interconnects with the pipe network to a mixer (3) composed of injection ports that has four ½ "inlets, controlled by ½ needle valves "In diameter (not shown) and support of 5000 psig of pressure. In this mixer (3), the following points are enabled: 3a) exit point for the sampling of the fluid coming from the well, this allows to characterize the fluid that is displacing the well, whether it is hydrocarbon or chemical product or a mixture of the two, and measurement of physicochemical parameters. 3b) A point for the injection of the neutralizing chemical. Here a train of chemical injection pumps (5) is interconnected, which has the ability to inject from 10 ppm to 1000 ppm; the concentration levels of neutralizing chemical will depend on the pH of the well fluid. At this point an automated pH meter (6) is installed, which by means of a 4-20 mamp signal. an electro-actuated valve is controlled, which adjusts the neutralizer injection volumes until a pH = 7 is reached. 3c) A point for the injection of the emulsion breaker chemical, in such a way that the de-emulsification process (5) is initiated, this to adjust the levels of natural emulsion in the well fluid. 3d) a point for future applications 4. - The mixer (3), interconnects with process pipe to a choke manifolds (4) of 2"variable opening, integrated by two lateral chokes of 1" full opening and 2"male valves. This choke manifolds (4) allows the delivery 5 of the flow of the well by any of the two extremes and allows the injection of fluids by the upper ends, with entrances to 2". At this point the pressure is controlled in the entire process line and prevents over-pressure from reaching the upstream equipment. This choke manifolds (4) has a pressure support of 15,000 psig. 5.- In the entrance of 2"upper right of the choke manifolds (4), 2" pipe coming from a metal dam (8) filled with clean water is interconnected. Through that 2"pipe and with a control valve (7), a jet of clean water is injected into the choke manifolds that impacts the fluid coming from the well. The volumetric ratio of water injected is 0.5 barrel of water per 15 5 barrels of fluid from the well. At this point the polar chemicals (spent acids) are dissolved in the thermally conditioned injected water and the non-polar chemicals are kept in the oil phase. This step, which can be considered as washing with clean water, contributes significantly to the recovery of the non-polar chemicals and their integration into the hydrocarbon flow and to a rapid adjustment of the pH in the free water of the treated hydrocarbons. 6. - In the choke manifolds (4), the fluid has already dissolved and the neutralizing chemicals and the emulsion breaker react. Then, the choke manifolds (4) is interconnected with a diagonal process pipe that includes temperature and pressure measurement points. Immediately, all the fluid that comes from the choke manifolds (4), is sent to a FWKO Separator (23) of Free Water (Free Water Knockout), equipment that separates all the free water present in the mixture. This equipment (23) operates at low pressures and the displacement of the gas takes place in the upper part of the tank and the displacement of the oil and water is produced by effects of levels from floats (not shown) acting on dispensing valves ( not shown). 7. - With the flow already conditioned with temperature and the addition of neutralizers and emulsion breakers and separated the free water, the Separator (23) of Free Water Knockout is interconnected, with the three-phase separating equipment (10), to send the conditioning flow. In the three-phase separator (10), the flow enters to develop the hydrocarbon-gas-water separation. The separated gas is recovered and sent to battery (11). To the separated hydrocarbon, the pH and emulsion levels are measured online, if it complies with the required parameters, it is sent to battery (17), otherwise it is recirculated (16) and returned to process (14). The recovered water (13) contains all the neutralized spent acids (acid stimulation), it is sent to metal prey (19) for reinjection in the latrine well. Electronic equipment is available for measuring the volume of gas recovered (11), hydrocarbon (12) and recovered water (13).

This recirculation (16) of fluids in the process of treatment of the returns of acid and non-acid stimulation operations, of repairs and cleanings of oil wells, based on a configuration modality of equipment, works as follows: 7. 1.- Reception and treatment of spent chemical products. After If the stimulation process is applied, the oil well initiates the displacement of the spent chemical products, together with significant volumes of water. This volume of spent chemical products, begins its entry to the team. To these spent chemical products are injected with chemicals to modify their physicochemical parameters, this conditions and improves their separation process. Then, this conditioning fluid enters the three-phase separator (10). The separated oil phase is sent to the process tank (14), to complement its conditioning. 7. 2.- Reception and treatment of contaminated hydrocarbons. When the oil well finishes displacing the spent chemical products, the natural contribution of the oil well begins and, in this case, mixed with significant amounts of free water and congenital waters. The hydrocarbon received is contaminated and under this condition the process is entered online; the chemical and mechanical actions are applied to condition the flow. The first volume 15 of contaminated hydrocarbon, which does not meet the control parameters, is sent to the process tank (14). The control parameters are adjusted and all the production of hydrocarbons already treated and conditioned by battery is sent (not shown), this is a process for its subsequent commercialization. 7. 3.- Recirculation (16) of the spent chemical products to the process tank (14). At the same time that the treated hydrocarbon is sent to a battery (not shown), the spent chemicals (oil phase received from the three-phase separator) are recirculated to the process, driven by the pump (15) and controlled by the control valve (7). ), this results in that all the oil phase (spent non-polar chemical products), are sent to battery 25 together with the treated hydrocarbons.

The recovered water (13) contains all the neutralized spent acids (acid stimulation), is sent to metal prey (not shown) for reinjection in the latrine well (not shown). Electronic equipment (not shown) is available for measuring the volume of gas (11) recovered, the liquid hydrocarbon (12) and the recovered water. (13) The recirculation ring (16) has a third heat treatment unit (21) for the flow of water from the metal dam (8), placed between it and the choke manifolds (4), with the aim of thermally conditioning the water and improve the efficiency of washing the flow of the well returns that is made in the choke manifolds (4) and the recovered water (13) contains all the neutralized spent acids (acid stimulation), it is sent to the metal dam (not shown) ) for reinjection in the latrine well (not shown), all operations controlled by electronic equipment (not shown) for measuring the volume of gas recovered (11), liquid hydrocarbon (12) and recovered water (13).

Still referring to Figure 2, finally, the flow processed by the three-phase separator (10), is channeled to the heather treater (22), which is used in this stage to reinforce and make more intense in line, the separation processes by phases. It is a Team (22) very useful in the Oil Industry, because it integrates in its structure the performance of 3 teams in 1: Free Water Separator (23) (Free Water Knockout), Direct Fire Heater (Line Heater) (not shown) ) and Three-Phase Separator (10). Therefore, it is expected that when using the Heater Treater (22), it is possible to eliminate the emulsions quickly, in most cases with the help of chemical products (Anti-Emulsifiers). This equipment (22) operates at low pressures and the displacement of the gas (11) is effected in the upper part of the tank and the displacement of the oil (12) and water (13) is produced by effects of levels from floats (not shown) acting on dispensing valves (not shown) .

It will be evident to those skilled in the art, that innumerable modifications to the present invention can be made without deviating from the spirit and scope thereof, so that it should be considered in its broadest and non-limiting sense.

NOVELTY OF THE INVENTION Having thus described the invention, it is considered as a novelty and, therefore, the content of the following is claimed in property:

Claims (11)

1. CLAIMS 1. - On-site, continuous-line process for recovering hydrocarbons from hydrocarbon recovery in oil treatment operations with high water cuts and from congenital waters, resulting from the resulting flows or returns from acid and non-acidic stimulation operations. oil wells, oil well repair operations and oil well cleanups; characterized by being integrated by the following main stages: 1 reception in line of returns of effluent flows resulting from the well, of crude treatment with high water cuts and from congenital waters; of acid stimulation operations of oil wells, repairs of oil wells and cleaning of oil wells; 2 automated control of physicochemical process parameters in reception, conditioning, treatment and recirculation of the inflows and outflows of the recovery process; 3 physical-chemical return conditioning; 4 thermal conditioning in the recirculation ring; 4 free water separation; 5 three-phase separation with recirculation of deficient or spent fluids to the process; and 6 heat treatment (heater treater); the configuration of the equipment comprising the stages can be fixed, semi-fixed or mobile; compact or modular. 2. - On-site, continuous-line process for the recovery of hydrocarbons in crude oil treatment operations with high water cuts and from congenital waters, resulting from the resulting flows or returns from acid and non-acidic stimulation operations of oil wells, oil well repair operations and oil well cleanups; from according to claim 1, characterized in that all its stages are controlled automated and include the sampling, the control of process parameters and the correction thereof by corrective actions in the lines and equipment of the process. 3. - On-site, continuous-line process for the recovery of hydrocarbons in oil treatment operations with high water cuts and from congenital waters, resulting from the resulting flows or returns from acid and non-acidic stimulation operations of oil wells, oil well repair operations and oil well cleanups; according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the first stage of reception in line of mixed returns of flow resulting in well of operations of treatment of crude oil with high cuts of water and from congenital waters, acid stimulation of oil wells , oil well repairs and oil well cleanups; dehydration and desalination of heavy and light crude oil; consists of the connection of a reception line connected to the mouth of the oil well and of the pumping of the returns to a mixer provided with four entrances that controls a second stage of physical-chemical conditioning of the influent received in line. 4. - On-site, continuous-line process for the recovery of hydrocarbons in crude oil treatment operations with high water cuts and from congenital waters, resulting from the resulting flows or returns from acid and non-acidic stimulation operations of oil wells, operations of repairs of oil wells and oil well cleanups; according to claims 1, 2 and 3, characterized in that in the second stage of the physicochemical conditioning of the returns, they are applied to these the chemical and mechanical actions to condition the flow; the first volume of contaminated hydrocarbon, which does not comply with the input control parameters, is sent to the processing tank for its conditioning where the control parameters are adjusted and all the production of hydrocarbons already treated and conditioned by battery is sent, this is a process for its subsequent commercialization. 5. - On-site, continuous-line process for the recovery of hydrocarbons in oil treatment operations with high water cuts and from congenital waters, resulting from the resulting flows or returns from acid and non-acidic stimulation operations of oil wells, oil well repair operations and oil well cleanups; according to claims 1, 2, 3 and 4, characterized in that in the second stage of the physicochemical conditioning of the returns, when the oil well finishes displacing the spent chemical products, the natural contribution of the oil well begins, the contribution mixed with significant amounts of free and congenital water, it is sent online to a mixer, in charge of the main operations of the stage, which is composed of a hollow body provided with four ports, which are four ½ "inlets, controlled by ½ "diameter needle valves and 5000 psig pressure support. The mixer used in the hydrocarbon recovery process allows to control the conditioning of the fluid to be treated. In this mixer, the following points are enabled: a) exit point for the sampling of the fluid coming from the well, this allows to characterize the fluid that is displacing the well, whether it is hydrocarbon or chemical or a mixture of the two, and measurement of the parameters 5 physicochemical inputs to the process. b) a point for the injection of the neutralizing chemical. Here a train of chemical injection pumps is interconnected, which has the capacity to inject from 10 ppm to 1000 ppm; The concentration levels of neutralizing chemical to be injected will depend on the pH of the well fluid. At this point, an automated pH meter is installed, which uses a 4-20 mamp signal to control an electro-actuated valve, which adjusts the injection volumes until a pH = 7 is reached. c) A point for the injection of the emulsion breaker chemical, in such a way that the demulsification process is initiated, this to adjust the 15 levels of natural emulsion in the well fluid, conditioning it primarily for its later separation. d) a point for future applications. 6. - On-site, continuous-line process for the recovery of hydrocarbons in 20 crude oil treatment operations with high water cuts and from congenital waters, resulting from the resulting flows or returns from acid and non-acidic stimulation operations of oil wells, of operations of repairs of oil wells and cleanings of oil wells; according to claims 4 and 5, characterized in that in the second stage of physicochemical conditioning of the returns, they are applied to these, a flow of clean, thermally conditioned water from the recirculation ring, which allows to wash and recover and solubilize specific chemical entities of polar character (neutralizing chemicals), by injecting a stream of clean water into a choke manifolds, which receives in line the flow from the mixer, previously conditioned by injection of chemical conditioning products. 7. - On-site, continuous-line process for recovering hydrocarbons from oil treatment operations with high water cuts and from congenital waters, resulting flows or returns from acid and non-acidic stimulation operations from oil wells, oil well repair operations and oil well cleanups; according to claims 4, 5, and 6, characterized in that the second stage of physicochemical conditioning of the returns is followed by a third stage of separation of free water, performed in a free water separator FWKO, equipment operating at low pressures and in which the displacement of a first gas phase of hydrocarbons is carried out in the upper part of the tank; and the displacement of the oil and water is produced by effects of levels from floats acting on dispensing valves. 8. - On-site, continuous-line process for the recovery of hydrocarbons from oil treatment operations with high water cuts and from congenital waters, resulting flows or returns from acid and non-acidic stimulation operations of oil wells, oil well repair operations and oil well cleanups; from according to claim 1, 2 and 7, characterized by a third step phase separation of physicochemically and thermically conditioned returns, which are channeled from the free water separator to a fourth phase separation stage performed in a three phase separator , equipment that produces the recovery of a second gaseous phase of hydrocarbons, a second aqueous phase containing polar chemical products, a second oil phase containing recovered hydrocarbons and non-polar chemical products and a phase of separated suspended solids. io 9.- On-site, continuous online process for the recovery of hydrocarbons from well flows in oil treatment operations with high water cuts and from congenital waters; of resultant flows or returns of acid and non-acidic stimulation operations of oil wells, of oil well repair operations and of oil well cleaning, according to claims 1, 2 and 8, characterized in that the fourth stage of three-phase separation is followed in line by a fifth stage, of thermal treatment of separation by phase, of the current of flow that leaves the fourth stage of three-phase separation, carried out by a heater treater, equipment that is used in this stage to reinforce and make more intense 20 in line, the processes of separation by phases, because it integrates in its structure the performance of three teams in one: Free Water Knockout, Heater Fire Line (Line Heater) and Three Phase Separator, which It makes it possible to eliminate the emulsions quickly, in most cases with the help of chemical products (Anti-Emulsifiers), operating at low pressures and that of displacement of the gas is effected in the upper part of the tank and the displacement of the oil and water is produced by effects of levels from floats that act on dispensing valves, which send the recovered fluids to their storage or processing. 10. - On-site, continuous-line process for recovering hydrocarbons from oil treatment operations with high water cuts and from congenital waters, resulting flows or returns from acid and non-acidic stimulation operations from oil wells, oil well repair and oil well cleaning operations, in accordance with claims 1, 2, 6 and 8; characterized by having a recirculation ring, which allows the recovery of spent chemicals, as an oil phase and that finally has the opportunity to reinject them to the process and to be sent processed and recovered, to batteries along with the treated hydrocarbons , for marketing; ring in which the recirculation of the spent chemical products in and out of the process tank, allows that, at the same time that the treated hydrocarbon is sent to the battery, the spent chemical products are recirculated towards the process to be conditioned, driven by a pump and controlled by a control valve, resulting in the entire oil phase (spent non-polar chemical products) being sent to the battery together with the treated hydrocarbons. 11. - On-site, continuous-line process for the recovery of hydrocarbons from oil treatment operations with high water cuts and from congenital waters, resulting flows or returns from operations of acid and non-acid stimulation of oil wells, of operations of repairs of oil wells and oil well cleaning, in accordance with claims 2, 6, 9 and 10, characterized by having in the recirculation ring with a heat treatment unit, for the flow of water from oil wells. the metallic dam, unit placed between it and the choke manifolds, previous to the free water separator (FWKO), with the objective of thermally conditioning the water and improving the efficiency of the flow washing of influents or well returns that is carried out in the choke manifolds and the recovered water containing all the neutralized spent acids (acid stimulation), is sent to metal prey for reinjection in the latrine well, operations all controlled by electronic equipment for measuring the volume of gas recovered, of the liquid hydrocarbon recovered and of the recovered water.