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Fontana et al., 1994 - Google Patents

The erbium-doped fiber amplifier: technology and applications

Fontana et al., 1994

Document ID
6261783704089013898
Author
Fontana F
Grasso G
Publication year
Publication venue
Fiber & Integrated Optics

External Links

Snippet

The basics of active fiber technology and their application to optical amplifiers and lasers are reviewed, with particular reference to the activities of the Italian groups involved in this research. The main uses of optical amplifiers in telecommunications and the perspective of …
Continue reading at www.tandfonline.com (other versions)

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices for generation, amplification, modulation, demodulation, or frequency-changing, using stimulated emission, of infra-red, visible, or ultra-violet waves
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accomodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
    • H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
    • H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
    • H01S3/06754—Fibre amplifiers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices for generation, amplification, modulation, demodulation, or frequency-changing, using stimulated emission, of infra-red, visible, or ultra-violet waves
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accomodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
    • H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
    • H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
    • H01S3/06708—Constructional details of the fibre, e.g. compositions, cross-section, shape or tapering
    • H01S3/06729—Peculiar transverse fibre profile
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices for generation, amplification, modulation, demodulation, or frequency-changing, using stimulated emission, of infra-red, visible, or ultra-violet waves
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accomodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
    • H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
    • H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
    • H01S3/0675—Resonators including a grating structure, e.g. distributed Bragg reflectors [DBR] or distributed feedback [DFB] fibre lasers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices for generation, amplification, modulation, demodulation, or frequency-changing, using stimulated emission, of infra-red, visible, or ultra-violet waves
    • H01S3/14—Lasers, i.e. devices for generation, amplification, modulation, demodulation, or frequency-changing, using stimulated emission, of infra-red, visible, or ultra-violet waves characterised by the material used as the active medium
    • H01S3/16—Solid materials
    • H01S3/1601—Solid materials characterised by an active (lasing) ion
    • H01S3/1603—Solid materials characterised by an active (lasing) ion rare earth
    • H01S3/1608—Solid materials characterised by an active (lasing) ion rare earth erbium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices for generation, amplification, modulation, demodulation, or frequency-changing, using stimulated emission, of infra-red, visible, or ultra-violet waves
    • H01S3/14—Lasers, i.e. devices for generation, amplification, modulation, demodulation, or frequency-changing, using stimulated emission, of infra-red, visible, or ultra-violet waves characterised by the material used as the active medium
    • H01S3/16—Solid materials
    • H01S3/1601—Solid materials characterised by an active (lasing) ion
    • H01S3/1603—Solid materials characterised by an active (lasing) ion rare earth
    • H01S3/1618—Solid materials characterised by an active (lasing) ion rare earth ytterbium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices for generation, amplification, modulation, demodulation, or frequency-changing, using stimulated emission, of infra-red, visible, or ultra-violet waves
    • H01S3/14—Lasers, i.e. devices for generation, amplification, modulation, demodulation, or frequency-changing, using stimulated emission, of infra-red, visible, or ultra-violet waves characterised by the material used as the active medium
    • H01S3/16—Solid materials
    • H01S3/1601—Solid materials characterised by an active (lasing) ion
    • H01S3/1603—Solid materials characterised by an active (lasing) ion rare earth
    • H01S3/1616—Solid materials characterised by an active (lasing) ion rare earth thulium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices for generation, amplification, modulation, demodulation, or frequency-changing, using stimulated emission, of infra-red, visible, or ultra-violet waves
    • H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
    • H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
    • H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
    • H01S3/0941—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light of a laser diode
    • H01S3/09415—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light of a laser diode the pumping beam being parallel to the lasing mode of the pumped medium, e.g. end-pumping
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices for generation, amplification, modulation, demodulation, or frequency-changing, using stimulated emission, of infra-red, visible, or ultra-violet waves
    • H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
    • H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
    • H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
    • H01S3/094003—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light the pumped medium being a fibre
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices for generation, amplification, modulation, demodulation, or frequency-changing, using stimulated emission, of infra-red, visible, or ultra-violet waves
    • H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
    • H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
    • H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
    • H01S3/094061—Shared pump, i.e. pump light of a single pump source is used to pump plural gain media in parallel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices for generation, amplification, modulation, demodulation, or frequency-changing, using stimulated emission, of infra-red, visible, or ultra-violet waves
    • H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
    • H01S3/11—Pulse generation, e.g. Q-switching, mode locking
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices for generation, amplification, modulation, demodulation, or frequency-changing, using stimulated emission, of infra-red, visible, or ultra-violet waves
    • H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
    • H01S3/106—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling a device placed within the cavity
    • H01S3/1063—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling a device placed within the cavity using a solid state device provided with at least one potential jump barrier
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices for generation, amplification, modulation, demodulation, or frequency-changing, using stimulated emission, of infra-red, visible, or ultra-violet waves
    • H01S3/30—Lasers, i.e. devices for generation, amplification, modulation, demodulation, or frequency-changing, using stimulated emission, of infra-red, visible, or ultra-violet waves using scattering effects, e.g. stimulated Brillouin or Raman effects
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/29—Repeaters
    • H04B10/291—Repeaters in which processing or amplification is carried out without conversion of the main signal from optical form
    • H04B10/293—Signal power control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices for generation, amplification, modulation, demodulation, or frequency-changing, using stimulated emission, of infra-red, visible, or ultra-violet waves
    • H01S3/23—Arrangements of two or more lasers not provided for in groups H01S3/02 - H01S3/22, e.g. tandem arrangements of separate active media

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