[go: up one dir, main page]
More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/
login
Search: a367903 -id:a367903
     Sort: relevance | references | number | modified | created      Format: long | short | data
Number of labeled n-node graphs with at most one cycle in each connected component.
+10
90
1, 1, 2, 8, 57, 608, 8524, 145800, 2918123, 66617234, 1704913434, 48300128696, 1499864341015, 50648006463048, 1847622972848648, 72406232075624192, 3033607843748296089, 135313823447621913500, 6402077421524339766058, 320237988317922139148736
OFFSET
0,3
COMMENTS
The total number of those graphs of order 5 is 608. The number of forests of trees on n labeled nodes of order 5 is 291, so the majority of the graphs of that kind have one or more unicycles.
Also the number of labeled graphs with n vertices satisfying a strict version of the axiom of choice. The axiom of choice says that, given any set of nonempty sets Y, it is possible to choose a set containing an element from each. The strict version requires this set to have the same cardinality as Y, meaning no element is chosen more than once. The connected case is A129271, complement A140638. The unlabeled version is A134964. - Gus Wiseman, Dec 22 2023
LINKS
Wikipedia, Pseudoforest
FORMULA
a(0) = 1; for n >=1, a(n) = Sum of n!prod_{j=1}^n\{ frac{ A129271(j)^{c_j} } { j!^{c_j}c_j! } } over all the partitions of n, c_1 + 2c_2 + ... + nc_n; c_1, c_2, ..., c_n >= 0.
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} A144228(n,k). - Alois P. Heinz, Sep 15 2008
E.g.f.: sqrt(-LambertW(-x)/(x*(1+LambertW(-x))))*exp(-3/4 * LambertW(-x)^2). - Vladeta Jovovic, Sep 16 2008
E.g.f.: A(x)*B(x) where A(x) is the e.g.f. for A137916 and B(x) is the e.g.f. for A001858. - Geoffrey Critzer, Mar 23 2013
a(n) ~ 2^(-1/4) * Gamma(3/4) * exp(-1/4) * n^(n-1/4) / sqrt(Pi) * (1-7*Pi/(12*Gamma(3/4)^2*sqrt(n))). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Oct 08 2013
E.g.f.: exp(B(x) - 1) where B(x) is the e.g.f. of A129271. - Andrew Howroyd, Dec 30 2023
EXAMPLE
Below we see the 7 partitions of n=5 in the form c_1 + 2c_2 + ... + nc_n followed by the corresponding number of graphs. We consider the values of A129271(j) given by the table
j|1|2|3| 4| 5|
----+-+-+-+--+---+
a(j)|1|1|4|31|347|
1*5 -> 5!1^5 / (1!^5 * 5!) = 1
2*1 + 1*3 -> 5!1^1 * 1^3 / (2!^1 * 1! * 1!^3 * 3!) = 10
2*2 + 1*1 -> 5!1^2 * 1^1 / (2!^2 * 2! * 1!^1 * 1!) = 15
3*1 + 1*2 -> 5!4^1 * 1^2 / (3!^1 * 1! * 1!^2 * 2!) = 40
3*1 + 2*1 -> 5!4^1 * 1^1 / (3!^1 * 1! * 2!^1 * 1!) = 40
4*1 + 1*1 -> 5!31^1 * 1^1 / (4!^1 * 1! * 1!^1 * 1!) = 155
5*1 -> 5!347^1 / (5!^1 * 1!) = 347
Total 608
MAPLE
cy:= proc(n) option remember; binomial(n-1, 2)*
add((n-3)!/(n-2-t)! *n^(n-2-t), t=1..n-2)
end:
T:= proc(n, k) option remember;
if k=0 then 1
elif k<0 or n<k then 0
else add(binomial(n-1, j)*((j+1)^(j-1)*T(n-j-1, k-j)
+cy(j+1)*T(n-j-1, k-j-1)), j=0..k)
fi
end:
a:= n-> add(T(n, k), k=0..n):
seq(a(n), n=0..20); # Alois P. Heinz, Sep 15 2008
MATHEMATICA
nn=20; t=Sum[n^(n-1)x^n/n!, {n, 1, nn}]; Range[0, nn]!CoefficientList[ Series[ Exp[t/2-3t^2/4]/(1-t)^(1/2), {x, 0, nn}], x] (* Geoffrey Critzer, Sep 05 2012 *)
Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Subsets[Range[n], {2}]], Select[Tuples[#], UnsameQ@@#&]!={}&]], {n, 0, 5}] (* Gus Wiseman, Dec 22 2023 *)
PROG
(PARI) x='x+O('x^50); Vec(serlaplace(sqrt(-lambertw(-x)/(x*(1+ lambertw(-x))))*exp(-(3/4)*lambertw(-x)^2))) \\ G. C. Greubel, Nov 16 2017
CROSSREFS
Row sums of triangle A144228. - Alois P. Heinz, Sep 15 2008
Cf. A137352. - Vladeta Jovovic, Sep 16 2008
The unlabeled version is A134964.
The complement is counted by A367867, covering A367868, connected A140638.
The covering case is A367869, connected A129271.
For set-systems we have A367902, ranks A367906.
The complement for set-systems is A367903, ranks A367907.
A006125 counts graphs, A000088 unlabeled.
A006129 counts covering graphs, A002494 unlabeled.
A143543 counts graphs by number of connected components.
KEYWORD
easy,nonn
AUTHOR
Washington Bomfim, May 12 2008
EXTENSIONS
Corrected and extended by Alois P. Heinz and Vladeta Jovovic, Sep 15 2008
STATUS
approved
Number of acyclic digraphs (or DAGs) with n labeled nodes.
(Formerly M3113)
+10
74
1, 1, 3, 25, 543, 29281, 3781503, 1138779265, 783702329343, 1213442454842881, 4175098976430598143, 31603459396418917607425, 521939651343829405020504063, 18676600744432035186664816926721, 1439428141044398334941790719839535103, 237725265553410354992180218286376719253505
OFFSET
0,3
COMMENTS
Also the number of n X n real (0,1)-matrices with all eigenvalues positive. - Conjectured by Eric W. Weisstein, Jul 10 2003 and proved by McKay et al. 2003, 2004
Also the number of n X n real (0,1)-matrices with permanent equal to 1, up to permutation of rows/columns, cf. A089482. - Vladeta Jovovic, Oct 28 2009
Also the number of nilpotent elements in the semigroup of binary relations on [n]. - Geoffrey Critzer, May 26 2022
From Gus Wiseman, Jan 01 2024: (Start)
Also the number of sets of n nonempty subsets of {1..n} such that there is a unique way to choose a different element from each. For example, non-isomorphic representatives of the a(3) = 25 set-systems are:
{{1},{2},{3}}
{{1},{2},{1,3}}
{{1},{2},{1,2,3}}
{{1},{1,2},{1,3}}
{{1},{1,2},{2,3}}
{{1},{1,2},{1,2,3}}
These set-systems have ranks A367908, subset of A367906, for multisets A368101.
The version for no ways is A368600, any length A367903, ranks A367907.
The version for at least one way is A368601, any length A367902.
(End)
REFERENCES
Archer, K., Gessel, I. M., Graves, C., & Liang, X. (2020). Counting acyclic and strong digraphs by descents. Discrete Mathematics, 343(11), 112041.
S. R. Finch, Mathematical Constants, Cambridge, 2003, p. 310.
F. Harary and E. M. Palmer, Graphical Enumeration, Academic Press, NY, 1973, p. 19, Eq. (1.6.1).
R. W. Robinson, Counting labeled acyclic digraphs, pp. 239-273 of F. Harary, editor, New Directions in the Theory of Graphs. Academic Press, NY, 1973.
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).
R. P Stanley, Enumerative Combinatorics I, 2nd. ed., p. 322.
LINKS
Alois P. Heinz, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..77 (first 41 terms from T. D. Noe)
T. E. Allen, J. Goldsmith, and N. Mattei, Counting, Ranking, and Randomly Generating CP-nets, 2014.
Huantian Cao, AutoGF: An Automated System to Calculate Coefficients of Generating Functions, thesis, 2002 [Local copy, with permission]
Eunice Y.-J. Chen, A. Choi, and A. Darwiche, On Pruning with the MDL Score, JMLR: Workshop and Conference Proceedings vol 52, 98-109, 2016.
S. Engstrom, Random acyclic orientations of graphs, Master's thesis written at the department of Mathematics at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in Stockholm, Jan. 2013.
Zehao Jin, Mario Pasquato, Benjamin L. Davis, Tristan Deleu, Yu Luo, Changhyun Cho, Pablo Lemos, Laurence Perreault-Levasseur, Yoshua Bengio, Xi Kang, Andrea Valerio Maccio, and Yashar Hezaveh, A Data-driven Discovery of the Causal Connection between Galaxy and Black Hole Evolution, arXiv:2410.00965 [astro-ph.GA], 2024. See p. 33.
Zehao Jin, Mario Pasquato, Benjamin L. Davis, Andrea V. Macciò, and Yashar Hezaveh, Beyond Causal Discovery for Astronomy: Learning Meaningful Representations with Independent Component Analysis, arXiv:2410.14775 [astro-ph.GA], 2024. See pp. 2, 4, 10.
Zehao Jin, Mario Pasquato, Benjamin L. Davis, Tristan Deleu, Yu Luo, Changhyun Cho, Pablo Lemos, Laurence Perreault-Levasseur, Yoshua Bengio, and Xi Kang, Causal Discovery in Astrophysics: Unraveling Supermassive Black Hole and Galaxy Coevolution, Astrophys. J. (2025) Vol. 979, 212. See 4.1.
P. L. Krapivsky, Hiring Strategies, arXiv:2412.10490 [cs.GT], 2024. See p. 12.
Qipeng Kuang, Ondřej Kuželka, Yuanhong Wang, and Yuyi Wang, Bridging Weighted First Order Model Counting and Graph Polynomials, arXiv:2407.11877 [cs.LO], 2024. See p. 33.
Jack Kuipers and Giusi Moffa, Uniform generation of random acyclic digraphs, arXiv preprint arXiv:1202.6590 [stat.CO], 2012. - N. J. A. Sloane, Sep 14 2012
Laphou Lao, Zecheng Li, Songlin Hou, Bin Xiao, Songtao Guo, and Yuanyuan Yang, A Survey of IoT Applications in Blockchain Systems: Architecture, Consensus and Traffic Modeling, ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR, 2020) Vol. 53, No. 1, Article No. 18.
Tobias Ellegaard Larsen, Claus Thorn Ekstrøm, and Anne Helby Petersen, Score-Based Causal Discovery with Temporal Background Information, arXiv:2502.06232 [stat.ME], 2025. See p. 9.
B. D. McKay, F. E. Oggier, G. F. Royle, N. J. A. Sloane, I. M. Wanless and H. S. Wilf, Acyclic digraphs and eigenvalues of (0,1)-matrices, J. Integer Sequences, 7 (2004), #04.3.3.
B. D. McKay, F. E. Oggier, G. F. Royle, N. J. A. Sloane, I. M. Wanless and H. S. Wilf, Acyclic digraphs and eigenvalues of (0,1)-matrices, arXiv:math/0310423 [math.CO], Oct 28 2003.
A. Motzek and R. Möller, Exploiting Innocuousness in Bayesian Networks, Preprint 2015.
Yisu Peng, Y. Jiang, and P. Radivojac, Enumerating consistent subgraphs of directed acyclic graphs: an insight into biomedical ontologies, arXiv preprint arXiv:1712.09679 [cs.DS], 2017.
J. Peters, J. Mooij, D. Janzing, and B. Schölkopf, Causal Discovery with Continuous Additive Noise Models, arXiv preprint arXiv:1309.6779 [stat.ML], 2013.
R. W. Robinson, Enumeration of acyclic digraphs, Manuscript. (Annotated scanned copy)
V. I. Rodionov, On the number of labeled acyclic digraphs, Disc. Math. 105 (1-3) (1992) 319-321
I. Shpitser, T. S. Richardson, J. M. Robins and R. Evans, Parameter and Structure Learning in Nested Markov Models, arXiv preprint arXiv:1207.5058 [stat.ML], 2012.
I. Shpitser, R. J. Evans, T. S. Richardson, and J. M. Robins, Introduction to nested Markov models, Behaviormetrika, Behaviormetrika Vol. 41, No. 1, 2014, 3-39.
R. P. Stanley, Acyclic orientation of graphs, Discrete Math. 5 (1973), 171-178. North Holland Publishing Company.
Christian Toth, Christian Knoll, Franz Pernkopf, and Robert Peharz, Rao-Blackwellising Bayesian Causal Inference, arXiv:2402.14781 [cs.LG], 2024.
Sumanth Varambally, Yi-An Ma, and Rose Yu, Discovering Mixtures of Structural Causal Models from Time Series Data, arXiv:2310.06312 [cs.LG], 2023.
S. Wagner, Asymptotic enumeration of extensional acyclic digraphs, in Proceedings of the SIAM Meeting on Analytic Algorithmics and Combinatorics (ANALCO12).
Daniel Waxman, Kurt Butler, and Petar M. Djuric, Dagma-DCE: Interpretable, Non-Parametric Differentiable Causal Discovery, arXiv:2401.02930 [cs.LG], 2024.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, (0,1)-Matrix
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Acyclic Digraph
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Positive Eigenvalued Matrix
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Weisstein's Conjecture
Jun Wu and Mathias Drton, Partial Homoscedasticity in Causal Discovery with Linear Models, arXiv:2308.08959 [math.ST], 2023.
FORMULA
a(0) = 1; for n > 0, a(n) = Sum_{k=1..n} (-1)^(k+1)*C(n, k)*2^(k*(n-k))*a(n-k).
1 = Sum_{n>=0} a(n)*exp(-2^n*x)*x^n/n!. - Vladeta Jovovic, Jun 05 2005
a(n) = Sum_{k=1..n} (-1)^(n-k)*A046860(n,k) = Sum_{k=1..n} (-1)^(n-k)*k!*A058843(n,k). - Vladeta Jovovic, Jun 20 2008
1 = Sum_{n=>0} a(n)*x^n/(1 + 2^n*x)^(n+1). - Paul D. Hanna, Oct 17 2009
1 = Sum_{n>=0} a(n)*C(n+m-1,n)*x^n/(1 + 2^n*x)^(n+m) for m>=1. - Paul D. Hanna, Apr 01 2011
log(1+x) = Sum_{n>=1} a(n)*(x^n/n)/(1 + 2^n*x)^n. - Paul D. Hanna, Apr 01 2011
Let E(x) = Sum_{n >= 0} x^n/(n!*2^C(n,2)). Then a generating function for this sequence is 1/E(-x) = Sum_{n >= 0} a(n)*x^n/(n!*2^C(n,2)) = 1 + x + 3*x^2/(2!*2) + 25*x^3/(3!*2^3) + 543*x^4/(4!*2^6) + ... (Stanley). Cf. A188457. - Peter Bala, Apr 01 2013
a(n) ~ n!*2^(n*(n-1)/2)/(M*p^n), where p = 1.488078545599710294656246... is the root of the equation Sum_{n>=0} (-1)^n*p^n/(n!*2^(n*(n-1)/2)) = 0, and M = Sum_{n>=1} (-1)^(n+1)*p^n/((n-1)!*2^(n*(n-1)/2)) = 0.57436237330931147691667... Both references to the article "Acyclic digraphs and eigenvalues of (0,1)-matrices" give the wrong value M=0.474! - Vaclav Kotesovec, Dec 09 2013 [Response from N. J. A. Sloane, Dec 11 2013: The value 0.474 has a typo, it should have been 0.574. The value was taken from Stanley's 1973 paper.]
exp( Sum_{n >= 1} a(n)*x^n/n ) = 1 + x + 2*x^2 + 10*x^3 + 146*x^4 + 6010*x^5 + ... appears to have integer coefficients (cf. A188490). - Peter Bala, Jan 14 2016
EXAMPLE
For n = 2 the three (0,1)-matrices are {{{1, 0}, {0, 1}}, {{1, 0}, {1, 1}}, {{1, 1}, {0, 1}}}.
MAPLE
p:=evalf(solve(sum((-1)^n*x^n/(n!*2^(n*(n-1)/2)), n=0..infinity) = 0, x), 50); M:=evalf(sum((-1)^(n+1)*p^n/((n-1)!*2^(n*(n-1)/2)), n=1..infinity), 40); # program for evaluation of constants p and M in the asymptotic formula, Vaclav Kotesovec, Dec 09 2013
MATHEMATICA
a[0] = a[1] = 1; a[n_] := a[n] = Sum[ -(-1)^k * Binomial[n, k] * 2^(k*(n-k)) * a[n-k], {k, 1, n}]; Table[a[n], {n, 0, 13}](* Jean-François Alcover, May 21 2012, after PARI *)
Table[2^(n*(n-1)/2)*n! * SeriesCoefficient[1/Sum[(-1)^k*x^k/k!/2^(k*(k-1)/2), {k, 0, n}], {x, 0, n}], {n, 0, 20}] (* Vaclav Kotesovec, May 19 2015 *)
Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Subsets[Range[n]], {n}], Length[Select[Tuples[#], UnsameQ@@#&]]==1&]], {n, 0, 5}] (* Gus Wiseman, Jan 01 2024 *)
PROG
(PARI) a(n)=if(n<1, n==0, sum(k=1, n, -(-1)^k*binomial(n, k)*2^(k*(n-k))*a(n-k)))
(PARI) {a(n)=polcoeff(1-sum(k=0, n-1, a(k)*x^k/(1+2^k*x+x*O(x^n))^(k+1)), n)} \\ Paul D. Hanna, Oct 17 2009
CROSSREFS
Cf. A086510, A081064 (refined by # arcs), A307049 (by # descents).
Cf. A055165, which counts nonsingular {0, 1} matrices and A085656, which counts positive definite {0, 1} matrices.
Cf. A188457, A135079, A137435 (acyclic 3-multidigraphs), A188490.
For a unique sink we have A003025.
The unlabeled version is A003087.
These are the reverse-alternating sums of rows of A046860.
The weakly connected case is A082402.
A reciprocal version is A334282.
Row sums of A361718.
KEYWORD
nonn,easy,nice,changed
STATUS
approved
Number of sets of nonempty subsets of {1..n} satisfying a strict version of the axiom of choice.
+10
64
1, 2, 7, 61, 1771, 187223, 70038280, 90111497503, 397783376192189
OFFSET
0,2
COMMENTS
The axiom of choice says that, given any set of nonempty sets Y, it is possible to choose a set containing an element from each. The strict version requires this set to have the same cardinality as Y, meaning no element is chosen more than once.
FORMULA
a(n) = A370636(2^n-1). - Alois P. Heinz, Mar 09 2024
EXAMPLE
The a(2) = 7 set-systems:
{}
{{1}}
{{2}}
{{1,2}}
{{1},{2}}
{{1},{1,2}}
{{2},{1,2}}
MATHEMATICA
Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Subsets[Range[n]]], Select[Tuples[#], UnsameQ@@#&]!={}&]], {n, 0, 3}]
CROSSREFS
The version for simple graphs is A133686, covering A367869.
The version without singletons is A367770.
The complement allowing empty edges is A367901.
The complement is A367903, without singletons A367769, ranks A367907.
For a unique choice we have A367904, ranks A367908.
These set-systems have ranks A367906.
A000372 counts antichains, covering A006126, nonempty A014466.
A003465 counts covering set-systems, unlabeled A055621.
A058891 counts set-systems, unlabeled A000612.
A059201 counts covering T_0 set-systems.
A323818 counts covering connected set-systems.
A326031 gives weight of the set-system with BII-number n.
KEYWORD
nonn,more
AUTHOR
Gus Wiseman, Dec 05 2023
EXTENSIONS
a(6)-a(8) from Christian Sievers, Jul 25 2024
STATUS
approved
Number of labeled simple graphs with n vertices contradicting a strict version of the axiom of choice.
+10
61
0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 416, 24244, 1951352, 265517333, 68652859502, 35182667175398, 36028748718835272, 73786974794973865449, 302231454853009287213496, 2475880078568912926825399800, 40564819207303268441662426947840, 1329227995784915869870199216532048487
OFFSET
0,5
COMMENTS
The axiom of choice says that, given any set of nonempty sets Y, it is possible to choose a set containing an element from each. The strict version requires this set to have the same cardinality as Y, meaning no element is chosen more than once.
In the connected case, these are just graphs with more than one cycle.
LINKS
FORMULA
a(n) = A006125(n) - A133686(n). - Andrew Howroyd, Dec 30 2023
EXAMPLE
Non-isomorphic representatives of the a(4) = 7 graphs:
{{1,2},{1,3},{1,4},{2,3},{2,4}}
{{1,2},{1,3},{1,4},{2,3},{2,4},{3,4}}
MATHEMATICA
Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Subsets[Range[n], {2}]], Select[Tuples[#], UnsameQ@@#&]=={}&]], {n, 0, 5}]
CROSSREFS
The complement is A133686, connected A129271, covering A367869.
The connected case is A140638 (graphs with more than one cycle).
The covering case is A367868.
For set-systems we have A367903, ranks A367907.
A001187 counts connected graphs, A001349 unlabeled.
A006125 counts graphs, A000088 unlabeled.
A006129 counts covering graphs, A002494 unlabeled.
A058891 counts set-systems, unlabeled A000612, without singletons A016031.
A059201 counts covering T_0 set-systems, unlabeled A319637, ranks A326947.
A143543 counts simple labeled graphs by number of connected components.
KEYWORD
nonn
AUTHOR
Gus Wiseman, Dec 07 2023
EXTENSIONS
Terms a(7) and beyond from Andrew Howroyd, Dec 30 2023
STATUS
approved
Number of ways to choose a sequence of different binary indices, one of each binary index of n.
+10
61
1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 0, 2, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 2, 1, 1, 3, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 3, 1, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 2, 2, 1, 4, 1, 1, 0, 2, 1, 1, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 4, 1, 2, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0
OFFSET
0,5
COMMENTS
A binary index of n (row n of A048793) is any position of a 1 in its reversed binary expansion. For example, 18 has reversed binary expansion (0,1,0,0,1) and binary indices {2,5}.
LINKS
Wikipedia, Axiom of choice.
EXAMPLE
352 has binary indices of binary indices {{2,3},{1,2,3},{1,4}}, and there are six possible choices (2,1,4), (2,3,1), (2,3,4), (3,1,4), (3,2,1), (3,2,4), so a(352) = 6.
MATHEMATICA
bpe[n_]:=Join@@Position[Reverse[IntegerDigits[n, 2]], 1];
Table[Length[Select[Tuples[bpe/@bpe[n]], UnsameQ@@#&]], {n, 0, 100}]
PROG
(Python)
from itertools import count, islice, product
def bin_i(n): #binary indices
return([(i+1) for i, x in enumerate(bin(n)[2:][::-1]) if x =='1'])
def a_gen(): #generator of terms
for n in count(0):
c = 0
for j in list(product(*[bin_i(k) for k in bin_i(n)])):
if len(set(j)) == len(j):
c += 1
yield c
A367905_list = list(islice(a_gen(), 90)) # John Tyler Rascoe, May 22 2024
CROSSREFS
A version for multisets is A367771, see A355529, A355740, A355744, A355745.
Positions of positive terms are A367906.
Positions of zeros are A367907.
Positions of ones are A367908.
Positions of terms > 1 are A367909.
Positions of first appearances are A367910, sorted A367911.
A048793 lists binary indices, length A000120, sum A029931.
A058891 counts set-systems, covering A003465, connected A323818.
A070939 gives length of binary expansion.
A096111 gives product of binary indices.
BII-numbers: A309314 (hyperforests), A326701 (set partitions), A326703 (chains), A326704 (antichains), A326749 (connected), A326750 (clutters), A326751 (blobs), A326752 (hypertrees), A326754 (covers), A326783 (uniform), A326784 (regular), A326788 (simple), A330217 (achiral).
KEYWORD
nonn,base
AUTHOR
Gus Wiseman, Dec 10 2023
STATUS
approved
Numbers n such that it is not possible to choose a different binary index of each binary index of n.
+10
60
7, 15, 23, 25, 27, 29, 30, 31, 39, 42, 43, 45, 46, 47, 51, 53, 54, 55, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 71, 75, 77, 78, 79, 83, 85, 86, 87, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 99, 101, 102, 103, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121
OFFSET
1,1
COMMENTS
Also BII-numbers of set-systems (sets of nonempty sets) contradicting a strict version of the axiom of choice.
A binary index of n (row n of A048793) is any position of a 1 in its reversed binary expansion. A set-system is a finite set of finite nonempty sets. We define the set-system with BII-number n to be obtained by taking the binary indices of each binary index of n. Every finite set of finite nonempty sets has a different BII-number. For example, 18 has reversed binary digits (0,1,0,0,1), and since the binary indices of 2 and 5 are {2} and {1,3} respectively, the BII-number of {{2},{1,3}} is 18.
The axiom of choice says that, given any set of nonempty sets Y, it is possible to choose a set containing an element from each. The strict version requires this set to have the same cardinality as Y, meaning no element is chosen more than once.
LINKS
Wikipedia, Axiom of choice.
FORMULA
EXAMPLE
The set-system {{1},{2},{1,2},{1,3}} with BII-number 23 has choices (1,2,1,1), (1,2,1,3), (1,2,2,1), (1,2,2,3), but none of these has all different elements, so 23 is in the sequence.
The terms together with the corresponding set-systems begin:
7: {{1},{2},{1,2}}
15: {{1},{2},{1,2},{3}}
23: {{1},{2},{1,2},{1,3}}
25: {{1},{3},{1,3}}
27: {{1},{2},{3},{1,3}}
29: {{1},{1,2},{3},{1,3}}
30: {{2},{1,2},{3},{1,3}}
31: {{1},{2},{1,2},{3},{1,3}}
39: {{1},{2},{1,2},{2,3}}
42: {{2},{3},{2,3}}
43: {{1},{2},{3},{2,3}}
45: {{1},{1,2},{3},{2,3}}
46: {{2},{1,2},{3},{2,3}}
47: {{1},{2},{1,2},{3},{2,3}}
51: {{1},{2},{1,3},{2,3}}
MATHEMATICA
bpe[n_]:=Join@@Position[Reverse[IntegerDigits[n, 2]], 1];
Select[Range[100], Select[Tuples[bpe/@bpe[#]], UnsameQ@@#&]=={}&]
PROG
(Python)
from itertools import count, islice, product
def bin_i(n): #binary indices
return([(i+1) for i, x in enumerate(bin(n)[2:][::-1]) if x =='1'])
def a_gen(): #generator of terms
for n in count(1):
p = list(product(*[bin_i(k) for k in bin_i(n)]))
x = len(p)
for j in range(x):
if len(set(p[j])) == len(p[j]): break
if j+1 == x: yield(n)
A367907_list = list(islice(a_gen(), 100)) # John Tyler Rascoe, Feb 10 2024
CROSSREFS
These set-systems are counted by A367903, non-isomorphic A368094.
Positions of zeros in A367905, firsts A367910, sorted A367911.
The complement is A367906.
If there is one unique choice we get A367908, counted by A367904.
If there are multiple choices we get A367909, counted by A367772.
A048793 lists binary indices, length A000120, reverse A272020, sum A029931.
A058891 counts set-systems, covering A003465, connected A323818.
A070939 gives length of binary expansion.
A096111 gives product of binary indices.
A326031 gives weight of the set-system with BII-number n.
BII-numbers: A309314 (hyperforests), A326701 (set partitions), A326703 (chains), A326704 (antichains), A326749 (connected), A326750 (clutters), A326751 (blobs), A326752 (hypertrees), A326754 (covers), A326783 (uniform), A326784 (regular), A326788 (simple), A330217 (achiral).
KEYWORD
nonn,base
AUTHOR
Gus Wiseman, Dec 11 2023
STATUS
approved
Number of n-vertex labeled simple graphs with n edges and no isolated vertices.
+10
52
1, 0, 0, 1, 15, 222, 3760, 73755, 1657845, 42143500, 1197163134, 37613828070, 1295741321875, 48577055308320, 1969293264235635, 85852853154670693, 4005625283891276535, 199166987259400191480, 10513996906985414443720, 587316057411626070658200, 34612299496604684775762261
OFFSET
0,5
LINKS
FORMULA
Binomial transform is A367862.
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} (-1)^(n-k) * binomial(n,k) * binomial(binomial(k,2), n). - Andrew Howroyd, Dec 29 2023
EXAMPLE
Non-isomorphic representatives of the a(4) = 15 graphs:
{{1,2},{1,3},{1,4},{2,3}}
{{1,2},{1,3},{2,4},{3,4}}
MATHEMATICA
Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Subsets[Range[n], {2}]], Union@@#==Range[n]&&Length[#]==n&]], {n, 0, 5}]
PROG
(PARI) a(n) = sum(k=0, n, (-1)^(n-k) * binomial(n, k) * binomial(binomial(k, 2), n)) \\ Andrew Howroyd, Dec 29 2023
CROSSREFS
The connected case is A057500, unlabeled A001429.
The unlabeled version is A006649.
The non-covering version is A116508.
For set-systems we have A367916, ranks A367917.
A001187 counts connected graphs, A001349 unlabeled.
A006125 counts graphs, A000088 unlabeled.
A006129 counts covering graphs, A002494 unlabeled.
A058891 counts set-systems, unlabeled A000612, without singletons A016031.
A059201 counts covering T_0 set-systems, unlabeled A319637, ranks A326947.
A133686 = graphs satisfy strict AoC, connected A129271, covering A367869.
A143543 counts simple labeled graphs by number of connected components.
A323818 counts connected set-systems, unlabeled A323819, ranks A326749.
A367867 = graphs contradict strict AoC, connected A140638, covering A367868.
KEYWORD
nonn
AUTHOR
Gus Wiseman, Dec 07 2023
EXTENSIONS
Terms a(8) and beyond from Andrew Howroyd, Dec 29 2023
STATUS
approved
Number of labeled simple graphs covering n vertices and contradicting a strict version of the axiom of choice.
+10
41
0, 0, 0, 0, 7, 381, 21853, 1790135, 250562543, 66331467215, 34507857686001, 35645472109753873, 73356936892660012513, 301275024409580265134121, 2471655539736293803311467943, 40527712706903494712385171632959, 1328579255614092966328511889576785109
OFFSET
0,5
COMMENTS
The axiom of choice says that, given any set of nonempty sets Y, it is possible to choose a set containing an element from each. The strict version requires this set to have the same cardinality as Y, meaning no element is chosen more than once.
LINKS
FORMULA
a(n) = A006129(n) - A367869(n). - Andrew Howroyd, Dec 30 2023
EXAMPLE
The a(4) = 7 graphs:
{{1,2},{1,3},{1,4},{2,3},{2,4}}
{{1,2},{1,3},{1,4},{2,3},{3,4}}
{{1,2},{1,3},{1,4},{2,4},{3,4}}
{{1,2},{1,3},{2,3},{2,4},{3,4}}
{{1,2},{1,4},{2,3},{2,4},{3,4}}
{{1,3},{1,4},{2,3},{2,4},{3,4}}
{{1,2},{1,3},{1,4},{2,3},{2,4},{3,4}}
MATHEMATICA
Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Subsets[Range[n], {2}]], Union@@#==Range[n]&&Select[Tuples[#], UnsameQ@@#&]=={}&]], {n, 0, 5}]
CROSSREFS
The connected case is A140638, unlabeled A140636.
The non-covering case is A367867.
The complement is A367869, connected A129271, non-covering A133686.
The version for set-systems is A367903, ranks A367907.
A001187 counts connected graphs, A001349 unlabeled.
A006125 counts graphs, A000088 unlabeled.
A006129 counts covering graphs, A002494 unlabeled.
A058891 counts set-systems (without singletons A016031), unlabeled A000612.
A059201 counts covering T_0 set-systems, unlabeled A319637, ranks A326947.
A143543 counts simple labeled graphs by number of connected components.
KEYWORD
nonn
AUTHOR
Gus Wiseman, Dec 08 2023
EXTENSIONS
Terms a(7) and beyond from Andrew Howroyd, Dec 30 2023
STATUS
approved
Number of factorizations of n into positive integers > 1 such that it is not possible to choose a different prime factor of each factor.
+10
41
0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 3, 1, 0, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 6, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 7, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 1, 10, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 10, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 7, 4, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0
OFFSET
1,8
COMMENTS
For example, the factorization f = 2*3*6 has two ways to choose a prime factor of each factor, namely (2,3,2) and (2,3,3), but neither of these has all different elements, so f is counted under a(36).
FORMULA
a(n) + A368414(n) = A001055(n).
EXAMPLE
The a(1) = 0 through a(24) = 3 factorizations:
... 2*2 ... 2*4 3*3 .. 2*2*3 ... 2*8 . 2*3*3 . 2*2*5 ... 2*2*6
2*2*2 4*4 2*3*4
2*2*4 2*2*2*3
2*2*2*2
MATHEMATICA
facs[n_]:=If[n<=1, {{}}, Join@@Table[Map[Prepend[#, d]&, Select[facs[n/d], Min@@#>=d&]], {d, Rest[Divisors[n]]}]];
Table[Length[Select[facs[n], Select[Tuples[First/@FactorInteger[#]&/@#], UnsameQ@@#&]=={}&]], {n, 100}]
CROSSREFS
For unlabeled graphs: A140637, complement A134964.
For labeled graphs: A367867, A367868, A140638, complement A133686.
For set-systems: A367903, ranks A367907, complement A367902, ranks A367906.
For non-isomorphic set-systems: A368094, A368409, complement A368095.
For non-isomorphic multiset partitions: A368097, A355529, A368411.
Complement for non-isomorphic multiset partitions: A368098, A368100.
The complement is counted by A368414.
For non-isomorphic set multipartitions: A368421, complement A368422.
For divisors instead of prime factors: A370813, complement A370814.
A001055 counts factorizations, strict A045778.
A007716 counts non-isomorphic multiset partitions, connected A007718.
A058891 counts set-systems, unlabeled A000612, connected A323818.
A283877 counts non-isomorphic set-systems, connected A300913.
KEYWORD
nonn
AUTHOR
Gus Wiseman, Dec 27 2023
STATUS
approved
Number of non-isomorphic multiset partitions of weight n contradicting a strict version of the axiom of choice.
+10
39
0, 0, 1, 3, 12, 37, 133, 433, 1516, 5209, 18555
OFFSET
0,4
COMMENTS
A multiset partition is a finite multiset of finite nonempty multisets. The weight of a multiset partition is the sum of cardinalities of its elements. Weight is generally not the same as number of vertices.
The axiom of choice says that, given any set of nonempty sets Y, it is possible to choose a set containing an element from each. The strict version requires this set to have the same cardinality as Y, meaning no element is chosen more than once.
EXAMPLE
Non-isomorphic representatives of the a(2) = 1 through a(4) = 12 multiset partitions:
{{1},{1}} {{1},{1,1}} {{1},{1,1,1}}
{{1},{1},{1}} {{1,1},{1,1}}
{{1},{2},{2}} {{1},{1},{1,1}}
{{1},{1},{2,2}}
{{1},{1},{2,3}}
{{1},{2},{1,2}}
{{1},{2},{2,2}}
{{2},{2},{1,2}}
{{1},{1},{1},{1}}
{{1},{1},{2},{2}}
{{1},{2},{2},{2}}
{{1},{2},{3},{3}}
MATHEMATICA
sps[{}]:={{}}; sps[set:{i_, ___}]:=Join@@Function[s, Prepend[#, s]& /@ sps[Complement[set, s]]] /@ Cases[Subsets[set], {i, ___}];
mpm[n_]:=Join@@Table[Union[Sort[Sort/@(#/.x_Integer:>s[[x]])]& /@ sps[Range[n]]], {s, Flatten[MapIndexed[Table[#2, {#1}]&, #]]& /@ IntegerPartitions[n]}];
brute[m_]:=First[Sort[Table[Sort[Sort /@ (m/.Rule@@@Table[{i, p[[i]]}, {i, Length[p]}])], {p, Permutations[Union@@m]}]]];
Table[Length[Union[brute/@Select[mpm[n], Select[Tuples[#], UnsameQ@@#&]=={}&]]], {n, 0, 6}]
CROSSREFS
The case of unlabeled graphs appears to be A140637, complement A134964.
These multiset partitions have ranks A355529.
The case of labeled graphs is A367867, complement A133686.
Set-systems not of this type are A367902, ranks A367906.
Set-systems of this type are A367903, ranks A367907.
For set-systems we have A368094, complement A368095.
The complement is A368098, ranks A368100, connected case A368412.
Minimal multiset partitions of this type are ranked by A368187.
The connected case is A368411.
Factorizations of this type are counted by A368413, complement A368414.
For set multipartitions we have A368421, complement A368422.
A000110 counts set partitions, non-isomorphic A000041.
A003465 counts covering set-systems, unlabeled A055621.
A007716 counts non-isomorphic multiset partitions, connected A007718.
A058891 counts set-systems, unlabeled A000612, connected A323818.
A283877 counts non-isomorphic set-systems, connected A300913.
KEYWORD
nonn,more
AUTHOR
Gus Wiseman, Dec 25 2023
STATUS
approved

Search completed in 0.043 seconds