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It is clear that a(n) must be zero if n is a multiple of three 3 since if we assume (hoping for a contradiction) that there exist k, k+1 both of which have digit sums that are multiples of 3, then k and k+1 must themselves both be divisible by 3, a contradiction.
a(n) = the smallest positive k such that the digit sums of k and k + 1 are both divisible by n, or 0 if no such pair k exists.
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a(4) = 67 because prime(4) = 7 , and 7 and 67 mod each k = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6} both have remainders {1, 1, 3, 2, 1} in that order, and 67 is the smallest prime after 7 that has this property.
a(n) = t is the smallest prime, other than the n-th t > p = prime p, that gives the same remainder (n) for each k as which t == p does when divided by (mod k) for all k = (2,...(,p - 1)).
a(4) = 67 because the 4th prime is (4) = 7; when both and 7 and 67 are divided by mod k = {2, 3, 4, 5 and , 6, the } both have remainders for both are {1, 1, 3, 2 and , 1 } in that order, and 67 is the smallest prime after 7 that has this property.
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