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Felice Russo (frusso(AT)micron.com)
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a[n_] := Prime[n]-1; a[1]=3; Table[a[n], {n, 1, 58}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Dec 26 2012, after Juri-Stepan Gerasimov *)
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kp[n_]:=Module[{p=Prime[n], k=1}, While[!Divisible[(k(k+1))/2, p], k++]; k]; Array[kp, 60] (* Harvey P. Dale, Jun 12 2012 *)
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a(n) = p+(-1)^p. - _Juri-Stepan Gerasimov (2stepan(AT)rambler.ru), _, May 26 2009
Also smallest positive k such that the k-th triangular number is divisible by the n-th prime. - _Reinhard Zumkeller (reinhard.zumkeller(AT)gmail.com), _, Apr 19 2002