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Luka

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Santo

Luka Sanura Injil
Gambara Luka Sanura Injil ba zandrela gereja paroki SS Mary and Lambert, Stonham Aspal, Suffolk, Inggris
Nifahaö, Sanura Injil, Martir
TumbuBa gotalua ndröfi 1 ba 16
Antiokia, Suriah (provinsi Roma me luo da'ö), Kerajaan Romawi
(iada'a Antakya, Provinsi Hatay, Turki)
MateBa gotalua ndröfi 84 ba 100 (molo'ö tradisi 84 fakhe)
Thebes, Yunani, Boeotia, Achaea (provinsi Roma), Kerajaan Romawi
(iada'a Thebes, Yunani)
Tefolakhömi baFefu gereja niha Keriso samosumange niha ni'amoni'ö (santo/santa), agama Druze[1]
Nahia lafosumange iaPadua, Italia
Owasa khönia18 Oktober
SimbolSanura Injil, doto, buku faoma fena, ni'o'awöni öröbao so'afi, sogambaraini ikon Maria ina Yesu, ngawalö fakake ba wamazökhi gambara
Nilumö'öniaSeniman, ono matua, doto, doto operasi, sohalöŵö ba danö, sonekhe fahuhuo, btn.[2]
SinuraniaTuria Somuso Dödö nisura Luka, Halöŵö Zinenge

Luka (li Latin Lucas; li Yunani Λουκᾶς; li Ibrani לוקאס; li Aramaia ܠܘܩܐ/לוקא) ma asese göi lakaoni khönia Santo Luka no samösa ba gotalua zi daöfa zanura injil kanonik,[3] molo'ö tradisi. Laböbögö khönia wanura injil Luka ba Halöŵö Zinenge ira tua Gereja[4]. Lafaduhu'ö gö da'a ira tokoh si tedou moroi ba mböröta niha Keriso simane Heronimus awö Eusebius, ba hiza lö boto si tola mugogohe si tola la'oguna'ö ira ere Zura Ni'amoni'ö, he sekular ba he göi religius, sanguma'ö wa sanura injil Luka andrö no Luka samösa.

Latötöi Luka mato ha'uga kali ba adogo-dogo buku Gamabu'ulali Sibohou awö sura nifotöi Sura khö ndra niha ba Kolose[5] ba laŵa'ö wa doto ia (li Yunani fysikos, niha samadöhö fökhö); molo'ö fangi'ila Luka andre no samösa doto ba no göi samösa nifahaö khö Waulo.

I'otarai mböröta ndra niha Keriso no laŵaö wa niha ni'amoni'ö Luka (li Latin santo). Faduhu dödö niha wa samösa martir ia (eluahania mate labunu ia börö wamatinia), lataŵi mbaginia ba döla zaitun, heŵa'ae so zi lö faduhu tödö wa simanö zalua khönia.[a] Lafolakhömi ia tobali Santo Luka sanura Injil ira Gereja Katolik ba gereja segebua tanöbö'ö ba baero da'ö tobali ia solumö'ö (li Indonesia pelindung) ndra seniman, doto, iraono matua, doto sangoperasi, mahasiswa ba ira samöfölö urifö. La'owasaini wanörötödö khönia ero 18 Oktober.[6][7]

Fa'aurinia

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Gambara Luka Sanura Injil nifagamöi Crispijn van de Passe de Oude.[8]

Faduhu dödö ato gere Zura Ni'amoni'ö wa Luka andre no samösa doto sauri ba wöfö Yunani kota Antiokia ba danö Suriah föna (provinsi Roma),[b] ba wa tumbu ia ba sambua ngambatö Yunani,[9][10] heŵa'ae so ösa gere Zura Ni'amoni'ö ba teolog sanguma'ö wa Luka no samösa niha Yahudi Yunani.[11][12]

Ölö ato zanema'ö wa teologi injil Luka ba sura Halöŵö Zinenge te'aekhugö khö ndra niha Keriso si tenga Yahudi, so sa'atö zanguma'ö wa abölö atöla ba dödö wa lasura injil Luka ba sura Halöŵö Zinenge soguna khö sambua komunitas si so bakha niha Yahudi ba niha bö'ö, börö me hulö ifa'ösö sibai wangombakha böröta misi khö ndra niha si tenga Yahudi bakha ba Zura Ni'amoni'ö (faigi wangoguna'ö Yes 49:6 ba injil Luka awö sura Halöŵö Zinenge).[13][14]

Moroi ba sambua test DNA (nihalö moroi ba mboto Luka molo'ö tradisi) te'oroma'ö wa Luka andre no samösa niha Suriah.[15]

Gofu haniha Luka andre, niha Yahudi ma zui tenga, ma zui amarukhatara, oroma moroi ba kualitas li Yunani injil Luka ba Halöŵö Zinenge wa sindruhu niha salaŵa famahaö ia ba gotalua fefu zanura ngawalö mbuku bakha ba Gamabu'ulali Sibohou. Moroi ba wangoguna'önia amaedola moroi ba teks klasik Yunani föna simane Homer, Aesop, Epimenides, Euripides, Plato ba Aratus oroma wa i'ila oi zura Yunani andrö. Eluahania si lötolalö'ö no fao ia ba wamahaö molo'ö kurikulum Yunani, ni'oguna'ö ba danö si fasui nasi Mediterania ngaotu fakhe aefa ginötö Luka.[16]

Sura si föföna sibai manötöi Luka ya'ia Sura Waulo khö Filemo 1:24.[17] Latötöi göi ia bakha ba Kol 4:14 ba ba TimII 4:11. Ya'ira si darua andre, Filemo ba Timoteo, no nifahaö Waulo.[18][19][20][21][22]

Aefa da'ö latötöi ia bakha ba zura Anti-Marcionite[23] ni'oguna'ö tobali famasao injil Luka, sambua zura nifa'anö ba ngaotu ndröfia si dua.

Iŵaö Epifanius moroi ba Salamis wa Luka no samösa ba gotalua ndra nifahaö si 70 (Panarion 51.11) ba ifasinga Yohane Krisostomus wa "talifusö" niŵaö Waulo bakha ba KorII 8:18 no Luka ma zui Baranaba (Homily 18 on Second Corinthians sanandrösa ba Korindro II 8:18).

Na tatema wa sindruhu Luka zanura injil Luka ba sura Halöŵö Zinenge, ba tola ta'ila haniha ia moroi ba detil bakha ba zura andrö. Lö isura wa i'ila hörönia samösa halöŵö Yesu, ba hiza asese i'oguna'ö wehede "ya'aga" me itutunö misi Waulo bakha ba Halöŵö Zinenge, eluahania no fao ia ba i'ila hörönia samösa zalua andrö.[24]

Moroi ba komposisi zura injil Luka ba Halöŵö Zinenge awö wa'oya ngawua wehede ni'oguna'ö, oroma wa sanura ya'ia no niha si no mamahaö. Oroma sibai da'a bakha ba sambua wehede niŵaö bakha ba zura Waulo khö niha Kolose sanandrösa ba "wamoto", si tobali samabalö Luka moroi ba zanura ngawalö zura bö'ö bakha ba Gamabu'ulali Sibohou.

¹⁰I'owai ami Arisaro, awögu nikuru andrö, ba Mareko, talifusö MBaranaba andrö. ¹¹I'owai ami göi Yesu andrö sotöi Yuso. Ha da'ö nawögu niha niboto, sohalöŵö ba mbanua Lowalangi; no tobali fondrara dödögu ira. … ¹⁴I'owai ami Luka, doto andrö, ni'omasi'ö, ba Dema.

— Kol 4:10-11.

Börö komentar andre lafurugö ira komentator wa Luka andrö no tenga niha Yahudi. Na sindruhu da'a, eluahania ha Luka zi tenga niha Yahudi moroi ba gotalua ndra sanura ngawalö mbuku bakha ba Gamabu'ulali Sibohou. Ba hiza tenga ha da'a zi tola tobali furu-furu. Heŵa'ae laŵaö niha wa Luka andrö no samösa niha Keriso si tenga niha Yahudi, so göi gere Zura Ni'amoni'ö sanguma'ö wa ya'ia no samösa niha Yahudi si tobali niha Yunani.[11][12][25] Eluahania tola niha Yahudi solo'ö sibai ritual Yahudi ba niha Yahudi si lö molo'ö sibai ritual andrö.[24]

Itutunö we'aso Luka awö Waulo ba Roma sura TimII 4:11 lö ara fatua lö mate Waulo: "Ha Luka nawögu". Ba gangahorita zura Halöŵö Zinenge, tesura ha'uga kali ba da'ö hulö na no fao ba i'ila samösa Luka zalua nisurania ba Roma, fao ba da'ö me isura HalZin 28:16: "Ba no marugi Roma…"

So ösa zanguma'ö wa no göi fao Luka wanura sura khö niha Heberaio.[26]

Mate Luka me 84 ndröfinia ba Boeotia, molo'ö tradisi si föföna sibai ba ni'o'ö oya Gereja.[27] Molo'ö Nikephoros Kallistos Xanthopoulos, samösa gere sejarah moroi ba Yunani Greek ngaotu ndröfia si-14 (ba tanöbö'önia), tesöndra lewatö Luka ba Thebes (Yunani), ba hiza gama-gama awö föfö gamatelania no lafawu'a ba ba Konstantinopel me ndröfi 357.[28]

Sanura injil Luka ba Halöŵö Zinenge

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Lö itötöi döi zanura ya'ia injil Luka.[29][30][31][32] Tenga nisura zangila hörö halöŵö Yesu injil Luka, ba lö göi niŵaö injil Luka samösa wa sanura ya'ia no fao ba i'ila Yesu. Fabö'ö sibai da'a ba Halöŵö Zinenge i'otarai faza 16.[33][34][35] Ba hiza labotokhi arakhagö fefu ira sangali injil Luka ba Halöŵö Zinenge ba li bö'ö wa tesura zi dombua buku andre aekhu khö Teofilo.

Bakha ba teks si föföna sibai injil andre (Papyrus 75 = Papyrus Bodmer XIV-XV) nisura me döfi 200 teböbögö wanura ya'ia khö Luka. Simanö göi bakha ba zinura Ireneus moroi ba ndröfi 180 awö fragmen Muratorian, sambua teks ba li Latin nisura ngaotu ndröfia si-7, ni'ali moroi ba teks Yunani nisura me döfi 170.[36]

Itaria lafotöi injil Luka ba Halöŵö Zinenge ira ere Zura Ni'amoni'ö Luk–HalZin, sambua halöŵö ni'odombua buku. Luk-HalZin no 27.5% nösi ba Gamabu'ulali Sibohou, eluahania kontribusi fondrege ebua zi samösa zanura.[37]

Igambaraini Maria Ono Alawe Si Lö Mamalö Luka, nigambaraini Maarten van Heemskerck, 1532

Luka sanura buku "sejarah"

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Ato gere Zura Ni'amoni'ö sanguma'ö wa bua halöŵö Luka (Luka-HalZin) tefalua bakha ba tradisi nifotöi historiografi Yunani.[38] Bakha ba Luk 1:1–4, nilau hulö investigasi historis, i'ombakha'ö Luka khö zombaso wa sinurania andre tefaböbö ba ngafu sejarah.[39] Lö ha sara dödö niha sanandrösa ba hewisa wama'oli sinura Luka. So gere sejarah sanguma'ö wa nisura Luka andrö fondrege sindruhu (li Indonesia akurat),[40][41] ba so ösa zi lö fao tödö ba da'ö.[42][43][44][45][c]

Börö wa sindruhu wanutunönia banua, kota, hulo, simanö göi wa sindruhu ngawalö döi resmi (li Indonesia gelar), isura William Mitchell Ramsay, samösa gere arkeologi, wa "Luka no samösa ere sejarah bosi fondrege alaŵa; nisurania tenga ha sindruhu boto (li Indonesia fakta) … si lötolalö'ö göi tefa'oli ia ba gotalua ndra ere sejarah fondrege zebua töi."[40] Isura Edward Musgrave Blaiklock, samösa profesor bolo klasik ba Auckland University: "Börö me detil ba atmosfer nisurania sindruhu-ndruhu (li Indonesia akurat), fagölö Luka khö Thucydides. Halöŵö Zinenge no tenga bua wanufa tödö ndra niha samati, bahiza no fanutunö hadia zalua si tola tafaduhusi tödö. … Sinura Luka andrö no hulö halöŵö arkeologis si föföna sibai mangoroma'ö sindruhu."[41] No idou'ö wangi'ila boto historis ba fa'asindruhu (li Indonesia akurasi) zinura Luka Colin Hemer, samösa gere Gamabu'ulali Sibohou.[46]

Sanadrösa ba gaekhuta Halöŵö Zinenge, isura ere Gamabu'ulali Sibohou Luke Timothy Johnson wa "Ifili ba ifa'oli nisurania Luka ena'ö faudu ba gohitö dödönia ba wobela wamati, ba ba wamalua da'ö i'o'ö standar satua historiografi."[47] I'o'ö zöndra andre göi Richard Heard, sangila wa so zo'amböta historis börö dandrösa wanurania ba börö göi wa mo'amböta gumbu informasi khönia."[48]

Ba ginötö modern andre, labago niha kompetensi Luka tobali sanura sejarah, molo'ö hewisa zöndra a priori niha zanandrösa ba ngawalö hadia ia si tebai labotokhi molo'ö ilmu (li Indonesia adikodrati).[42] I'otarai ginötö nifotöi fa'ateboka-hörö (li Indonesia pencerahan, li Inggris enlightenment) la'oguna'ö metode naturalisme ira ere sejarah,[49][43][44][45][c][d] ba khö ndra ere sejarah simane, no sambua tandraŵa na tobali umbu sejarah fefu lala wanutunö si tefaböbö ba adikodrati simane salua sahöli-höli dödö, mala'ika, afökha, btn. Iŵaö Mark Allan Powell wa "lö ta'ila na ohitö dödö Luka wanura sambua sejarah. Isura zinurania Luka ba wanuriagö, ba wamarou ba ba wame'e eluaha. Lö isura zinurania ba wondrorogö hadia zalua khö nga'ötö miföna. Na tabe'e ba dödöda zimane ba tobali ia hulö gosö-osö safuria nibökö ba hasi Luka tobali sanura sejarah."[42]

Iŵaö Robert M. Grant wa so ha'uga zi lö tola alua bakha ba zinura Luka, heŵa'ae omasi Luka tefaogö ia bakha ba tradisi historis, duma-dumania fa'oya niha sato samondrongo huhuo Wetero bakha ba HalZin 4:4. Baero da'ö so göi zi lö faudu molo'ö angolita ginötö (li Indonesia kronologi) duma-dumania me iŵaö Luka wa "itötöi Toida awö Yuda Gamalieli ba gangolifa ginötö si fasala, börö me sindruhunia maoso Toida töra fulu fakhe aefa muhede Gamalieli andrö (HalZin 5:36–37)",[38] heŵa'ae so nasa wasöndrata zöndra sanandrösa ba gangolifa ginötö andre.[50][51]

Isura Brent Landau:

Hewisa tola tabaso sambua injil, si ndruhu ia ba zalua side-ide bahiza lö tola alua ia ba zalua segebua? Sambua lala wamotokhi da'a ya'ia wa faduhu dödö Luka wa fa'atumbu Yesu no fondrege fahöna khö zi sagörö ulidanö irege ifangai zalua andre faoma salua (nitufa tödö) samatörö ulidanö ma'asagörö nilau samatörö Roma, si no manguma'ö wa ya'ia andrö no "sangorifi" ba "ono Lowalangi" — bahiza ya'ia andrö tenga sa. Khö samösa zanura sejarah solo'ö lahe Thucydides, tola manö tetema'ö prosedur simanö.[52]

Luka samösa "seniman"

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Igambaraini gambara (ikon) Maria Ono Alawe Si Lö Mamalö-malö si föföna sibai

Iŵaö tradisi niha Keriso i'otarai ngaotu ndröfia si-8 wa Luka andrö no sogambaraini ikon si föföna sibai. Laŵaö wa no igambaraini Maria ba Ononia, duma-dumania gambara Hodegetria si so ba Konstantinopel (no taya). I'otarai ngaotu ndröfia si-11 so mato ha'uga gambara moroi khönia nifolakhömi niha (li Indonesia dihargai), fao ba da'ö ikon Madonna Saitö moroi ba Częstochowa, ikon Theotokos khö Vladimir ba ikon Madonna del Rosario. Laŵaö wa no göi igambaraini Wetero ba Faulo ba wa no igambaraini sambua mbuku injil.[53][e]

Fa'awösa Santo Luka si tesöndra ba oya kota ba Eropa ba ginötö ngahönö ndröfia, töra-töra Flanders ma "Accademia di San Luca" ba Roma — nifasindro ba oya kota ba Eropa götö ngaotu ndröfia si-16 — sangowuloi ba sobelegö ndra seniman samazökhi gambara. No to'ölö sibai tradisi sanguma'ö wa igambaraini ikon Maria ba Yesu Luka ba Gereja Ortodoks Timur. La'o'ö göi tradisi andre ira niha Keriso Santo Tomas ba India sanguma'ö wa ikon Theotokos si so khöra no ni'ohe Santo Tomas ba India.[f]

Isura A.I. Uspensky wa ikon niŵaö nifazökhi Luka sanura injil no molo'ö amuata Byzantin ba awena to'ölö laŵaö ba ngaotu ndröfia si 5 irugi 6.[54]

Tanda khönia ("simbol")

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Gambara fa'awösa seni Santo Luka ba sambua altar nifosandrela nifazökhi Hermen Rode, Lübeck, Jerman (1484)

Ba seni tradisional simane gambara ba nifotöi mosaik ba gereja-gereja, asese tegambaraini Santo Luka faoma öröbao, sasese so afi. Itaria na i ha simbol öröbao andrö, töra-töra na la'oroma'ö simbol ndra sanura injil si daöfa.[55][56]

Fanörö-tödö khönia

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La'owasaini wanörö-tödö khö Luka ba Gerja Ortodoks Timur,[57] simane göi fanörö-tödö ndra nifahaö ba sanura injil bö'ö, faoma owasa si ha'uga hari wa'ara. Da'a tou ngaluo gowasa nifalua ero röfi:

  • 4 Januari: Sinaksis ndra Nifahaö si-70.[58]
  • 22 April: Owasa Natanaeli nifahaö Yesu, Luka sanura injil, Klemens moroi ba Sardise ma Klemens moroi ba Roma ba Apelles moroi ba Heraklion (so gumbu ba li Yunani sanguma'ö wa Santo Luka no niha bö'ö moroi khö Luka sanura injil).[59][60] Lafalua göi gowasa andre ero 10 September.
  • 20 Juni: Famawu'a wöfö mboto ba okhöta Luka Nifahaö, Andrea Nifahaö ba Tomas Nifahaö, Eliseus Sama'ele'ö, Lazarus moroi ba Persia martir nisöndra döfi 960 ba ginötö razo Romanos I Lekapenos (919–44) moroi ba biara Santa Agusta lumalö ba Gereja ndra Nifahaö ba Konstantinopel ba ginötö razo konstantinus VII (a.t. 956–970) nidönia'ö Patriark Polyeuctus moroi ba Konstantinopel (956–70).[61]
  • 10 September: Owasa ndra nifahaö si-70: Natanaeli nifahaö Yesu, Luka sanura injil, Klemens moroi ba Sardise ma Klemens moroi ba Roma ba Apelles moroi ba Heraklion. Owasa andre tefalua göi ero 22 April.
  • 18 Oktober: Owasa Luka Nifahaö ba Sanura Injil.[62]

Baero da'ö so gowasa bö'ö khö Luka, inötö lafalua ia ba zi lö fagölö ngaluonia ero röfi:

  • Sinaksis fefu ndra niha ni'amoni'ö moroi ba Akhaia, si to'ölönia ba luo migu fatua lö alua gowasa Santo Andrea (November 30).[63]
  • Sinaksis ndra niha ni'amoni'ö moroi ba Boeotia, ba luo Sabtu safuria ba mbaŵa si lima.[64]

Akhökhöla mbotonia ("relik")

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Ŵalu föfö mboto ba siŵa föfö högö, oi muzawili ba zi fabö'ö nahia, te'oroma'ö tobali föfö mboto Luka sanura injil.[65][66]

I'öli oi wöfö mboto (li Indonesia relik) andre George moroi ba Serbia]] moroi khö Sultan Murad II (30.000 hua gana'a). Me i'alani Bosnia razo Ottoman, i'amawa relik andrö ndronga razo Serbia khö Republik Venesia ba Italia.[67]

Me ndöfi 1992, i'andrö khö uskup Antonio Mattiazzo moroi ba Padua uskup agung Athena ba aefa da'ö uskup agung Yunani (Metropolitan Ieronymos) ena'ö ifangawuli oi relik Santo Luka sedöna mu'irö'ö ba nahia heza so lewatö Santo Luka, ba heza lafolakhömi ia irugi ma'ökhö. Börö wangandrö uskup andre, labörögö wamalua fangosili ilmiah ngawalö relik andrö ba Padua. This prompted a scientific investigation of the relics in Padua mangoguna'ö teknologi modern nifotöi carbon-14 dating. Bua wangosili andrö: relik andrö moroi khö samösa niha moroi ba Suriah simate ba gotalua ndröfi 72 ba 416.[68][69] Aefa da'ö ifa'ohe'ö sara nosu Santo Luka uksup Padua khö Metropolitan Ieronymos ena'ö tola la'irö'ö ia ba lewatö Santo Luka ba Thebes.[70][71]

Da'a oi nahia heza te'irö'ö relik Santo Luka:

  • Botonia, ba Biara Santa Giustina ba Padua, Italia
  • Högönia, ba Katedral Santo Vitus ba Prague, Ceko
  • Sara nosunia, ba lewatönia ba Thebes, Yunani

Ma'owuloi göi wöfö moroi ba Suriah ba ba Yunani. Me lafaedogö ngawalö wöfö mboto andre faoma wöfö moroi ba Anatolia nitötöi bakha ba ngawalö zura, matenaŵa zöndra sanguma'ö wa boto andre boto niha Yunani, bahiza boto niha Suriah ia. Heŵa'ae simanö arakhagö lö tola wa tohare niha andre moroi ba Turki iada'a, abölö tola wa tohare ia moroi ba Suriah. I'oroma'ö bua wangosili faoma DNA wa boto andrö moroi ba Suriah, ba fangalinia ba Konstantinopel.[72]

— Famöfö'ö mbua wangosili DNA wöfö mboto niŵaö niha boto Luka sanura injil

Galeri

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  • Luka Sanura Injil

Faigi göi

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Referensi

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Famotokhi

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  1. ↑ (Aherne 1910) notes that it is controversial whether he actually died a martyr's death
  2. ↑ Luke, was born in Antioch, by profession was a physician.(Hackett 1858, hlm. 12) He had become a disciple of the apostle Paul and later followed Paul until his [Paul's] martyrdom. He died at the age of 84 years.(Hackett 1858, hlm. 335)
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 McGrew's conclusion: historians work with methodological naturalism, which precludes them from establishing miracles as objective historical facts;(Flew 1966, hlm. 146) cf. (Bradley 1874, hlm. 44).
  4. ↑ Historians can only establish what probably happened in the past, and by definition a miracle is the least probable occurrence. And so, by the very nature of the canons of historical research, we can't claim historically that a miracle probably happened. By definition, it probably didn't. And history can only establish what probably did.(Craig & Ehrman 2006)
  5. ↑ The basic study on the legends concerning Saint Luke as a painter is (Bacci 1998)
  6. ↑ Father H. Hosten in his book Antiquities notes the following "The picture at the mount is one of the oldest, and, therefore, one of the most venerable Christian paintings to be had in India. Other traditions hold that St. Luke painted two icons which currently are in Greece: the "Theotokos Mega Spileotissa" (Our Lady of the Great Cave, where supposedly Saint Luke lived for a period of time in asceticism) and the "Panagia Soumela", and "Panagia Kykkou" which are in Cyprus."

Kutipan

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  1. ↑ S. Swayd, Samy (2009). The A to Z of the Druzes. Rowman & Littlefield. hlm. 109. ISBN 978-0-81086836-6. They also cover the lives and teachings of some biblical personages, such as Job, Jethro, Jesus, John, Luke, and others 
  2. ↑ "Saint Luke the Evangelist". Catholic saints. 27 December 2008. 
  3. ↑ Injil kanonik ya'ia da'ö injil si so bakha ba mbuku Gamabu'ulali Sibohou. Baero da'ö so göi mato ha'uga injil nisura niha bö'ö si lö itema Gereja tobali injil nifotöi injil apokrif.
  4. ↑ Lafotöi tua Gereja (li Indonesia bapak Gereja) ya'ira sanura ngawalö buku ba sura sanandrösa ba wamati niha Keriso ba ngaotu ndröfia si sara irugi si lima (?). Si to'ölönia ya'ira andre no ere teologi ba ölö göi ere filsafat.
  5. ↑ Kol 4:14
  6. ↑ "St. Luke The Evangelist". Catholic News Agency. Mufaigi me 16 October 2018. 
  7. ↑ "The Calendar". The Church of England. Mufaigi me 27 March 2021. 
  8. ↑ "Evangelist Lucas". Ghent University Library. Mufaigi me 2 October 2020. 
  9. ↑ "St. Luke". Catholic Online. August 10, 2023. Mufaigi me August 10, 2023. 
  10. ↑ "BIOGRAPHY OF ST. LUKE". BIOGRAPHY OF ST. LUKE. St. Luke the Evangelist Parish. August 10, 2023. Arsip moroi versi asli irugi August 11, 2023. Mufaigi me August 10, 2023. 
  11. ↑ 11,0 11,1 Harris 1980, hlm. 266–68.
  12. ↑ 12,0 12,1 Strelan 2013, hlm. 102–10.
  13. ↑ Koet 1989, hlm. 157–58.
  14. ↑ Koet 2006, hlm. 4–5.
  15. ↑ Vernesi, Cristiano; Di Benedetto, Giulietta; Caramelli, David; Secchieri, Erica; Simoni, Lucia; Katti, Emile; Malaspina, Patrizia; Novelletto, Andrea; Marin, Vito Terribile Wiel; Barbujani, Guido (6 November 2001). "Genetic characterization of the body attributed to the evangelist Luke". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 98 (23): 13460–13463. Bibcode:2001PNAS...9813460V. doi:10.1073/pnas.211540498 alt=Dapat diakses gratis. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 60893 alt=Dapat diakses gratis. PMID 11606723. 
  16. ↑ Reece, Steve (2022). The Formal Education of the Author of Luke-Acts. London: T&T Clark. hlm. 29–50. ISBN 978-0-567-70588-4. 
  17. ↑ Fil 1:24
  18. ↑ Milligan 2006, hlm. 149.
  19. ↑ Mornin 2006, hlm. 74.
  20. ↑ Aherne 1910.
  21. ↑ Smith 1935, hlm. 792.
  22. ↑ von Harnack 1907, hlm. 5.
  23. ↑ Anti-Marconite no tölu wehede famasao khö zi tölu injil Mataio, Mareko ba Luka ba tefa'anö a.t. ngaotu ndröfia si dua.
  24. ↑ 24,0 24,1 Bartlet 1911.
  25. ↑ McCall 1996.
  26. ↑ Fonck 1910.
  27. ↑ Butler 1991, hlm. 342.
  28. ↑ Migne 1901, cols 875–78.
  29. ↑ Sanders 1995, hlm. 63–64.
  30. ↑ Ehrman 2000, hlm. 43.
  31. ↑ Senior, Achtemeier & Karris 2002, hlm. 328.
  32. ↑ Nickle 2001, hlm. 43.
  33. ↑ Ehrman 2005, hlm. 235.
  34. ↑ Ehrman 2004, hlm. 110.
  35. ↑ Ehrman 2006, hlm. 143.
  36. ↑ Brown 1997, hlm. 267.
  37. ↑ Boring 2012, hlm. 556.
  38. ↑ 38,0 38,1 Grant 1963, Ch. 10.
  39. ↑ Bauckham 2017, hlm. 117.
  40. ↑ 40,0 40,1 Ramsay 1915, hlm. 222.
  41. ↑ 41,0 41,1 Blaiklock 1970, hlm. 96.
  42. ↑ 42,0 42,1 42,2 Powell 1989, hlm. 6.
  43. ↑ 43,0 43,1 McGrew 2019.
  44. ↑ 44,0 44,1 Flew 1966.
  45. ↑ 45,0 45,1 Bradley 1874, hlm. 44.
  46. ↑ Hemer 1989, hlm. 104–7.
  47. ↑ Johnson 1991, hlm. 474.
  48. ↑ Heard 1950, Ch. 13: The Acts of the Apostles.
  49. ↑ Ehrman 2000, hlm. 229.
  50. ↑ "Acts 5:36 Commentaries: "For some time ago Theudas rose up, claiming to be somebody, and a group of about four hundred men joined up with him. But he was killed, and all who followed him were dispersed and came to nothing". 
  51. ↑ "Good Question…". Christian thinktank. Mufaigi me 8 March 2022. 
  52. ↑ Landau, Brent (n.d.). "Was Luke a Historian?". Bible odyssey. Arsip moroi versi asli irugi 15 July 2020. Mufaigi me 15 July 2020. 
  53. ↑ Grigg 1987, hlm. 3–9.
  54. ↑ Александр Иванович Успенский. О художественной деятельности евангелиста Луки : I, II. Ев. Лука как иконописец. Ев. Лука как резчик : Реф., чит. 8 нояб. 1900 г. в заседании Церк.-археол. отд. при Общ. люб. духов. просвещения тов. пред. Отд. А.И. Успенским. - Москва : типо-лит. И. Ефимова, 1901. - 12 с.; 27.
  55. ↑ Zuffi 2003, hlm. 8.
  56. ↑ Audsley & Audsley 1865, hlm. 94.
  57. ↑ "Лука, Апостол". Drevo-info (ba li Rusia). Mufaigi me 16 July 2022. 
  58. ↑ "Synaxis of the Seventy Apostles". www.oca.org. Arsip moroi versi asli irugi January 4, 2021. Mufaigi me 2023-04-30. 
  59. ↑ "Apostle and Evangelist Luke of the Seventy". www.oca.org. Arsip moroi versi asli irugi April 30, 2023. Mufaigi me 2023-04-30. 
  60. ↑ "Holy Apostles of the 70 Apelles, Luke (Loukios), and Clement". www.oca.org. Arsip moroi versi asli irugi April 30, 2023. Mufaigi me 2023-04-30. 
  61. ↑ "June 20, 2023. + Orthodox Calendar". orthochristian.com. Arsip moroi versi asli irugi April 30, 2023. Mufaigi me 2023-04-30. 
  62. ↑ "Apostle and Evangelist Luke". www.oca.org. Arsip moroi versi asli irugi November 23, 2022. Mufaigi me 2023-04-30. 
  63. ↑ Sanidopoulos, John (November 28, 2010). "Synaxis of the Achaean Saints". Orthodox Christianity Then and Now. Arsip moroi versi asli irugi March 27, 2023. Mufaigi me 2023-04-30. 
  64. ↑ Sanidopoulos, John (May 27, 2017). "Synaxis of All Saints of Boeotia". Orthodox Christianity Then and Now. Arsip moroi versi asli irugi February 7, 2023. Mufaigi me 2023-04-30. 
  65. ↑ Ludovic Lalanne. Curiosités des traditions, des mœurs et des légendes, 1847. / р. 148
  66. ↑ Jacques Albin Simon Collin de Plancy. Dictionnaire critique des reliques et des images miraculeuses, T. 2. 1827 / р. 131
  67. ↑ Fine 1975, hlm. 331.
  68. ↑ Marin & Trolese 2003.
  69. ↑ Craig 2001.
  70. ↑ Tornielli, Andrea. "The Beloved Physician". Arsip moroi versi asli irugi 7 June 2009. 
  71. ↑ Wade 2001.
  72. ↑ Vernesi, Cristiano; Benedetto, Giulietta Di; Caramelli, David; Secchieri, Erica; Simoni, Lucia; Katti, Emile; Malaspina, Patrizia; Novelletto, Andrea; Marin, Vito Terribile Wiel; Barbujani, Guido (6 November 2001). "Genetic characterization of the body attributed to the evangelist Luke". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 98 (23): 13460–63. Bibcode:2001PNAS...9813460V. doi:10.1073/pnas.211540498 alt=Dapat diakses gratis. PMC 60893 alt=Dapat diakses gratis. PMID 11606723. 

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