Yahudi Ortodoks

Yahudi Ortodoks ialah cabang dari agama Judaisme yang sangat radikal. Penganutnya dikenali sangat kaku dalam mentaati seluruh hukum Taurat yang berjumlah 613 mitzvot/peraturan. Misalnya, mereka memilih berjalan kaki menuju Sinagoge, kerana tidak boleh ada transaksi wang pada hari Sabat. Demikian pula tidak boleh ada seorang wanita yang boleh jadi Rabini, hanya lelaki yang boleh dan semua yang disebut Rabi. Mereka boleh terpesong jauh dari kehidupan duniawi. Pendekatan agama Judaisme mereka menganut penafsiran dan penerapan hukum dan etika Taurat sebagai disahkan dalam teks Talmud oleh Tanaim dan Amoraim dan kemudian dikembangkan dan diterapkan oleh kewibawaan kemudian dikenali sebagai Gaonim, Rishonim, dan Acharonim. Ortodoks Yahudi umumnya termasuk Ortodoks Judaisme moden dan Haredi Judaisme, tetapi termasuk berbagai falsafah. Ortodoks Judaisme ialah pengenalan sedar diri modern yang, bagi sebahagian orang, membezakannya dari pramoden Judaisme tradisional, meskipun ekspresi arus perdana Judaisme sebelum abad ke-19.^[1]

Majoriti orang Yahudi terkorban semasa Holocaust ialah dari golongan Ortodoks.^[2] Dianggarkan bahawa sejumlah antara 50-70% dari mereka yang terkorban, iaitu 3.000.000-4.200.000 nyawa.^[3]

Pada tahun 2001, dari jumlah semua orang-orang Yahudi Ortodoks dan orang Yahudi yang bergabung dengan sinagoge ortodoks, sekitar 50% tergolong dengan Anglo Yahudi (150.000), 25% Yahudi Israel (1.500.000) dan 13% ialah Amerika Yahudi (529.000).^[4] Di antara mereka yang bergabung dengan badan rumah ibadat, Yahudi Ortodoks mewakili 70% dari British Yahudi^[5] dan 27% dari Amerika Yahudi.^[4]

Lihat juga

Rujukan

^ Susan Auerbach (1994). Encyclopedia of Multiculturalism: Daniel Ken Inouye-Mythology, American Indian. Marshall Cavendish. m/s. 976. ISBN 978-1-85435-674-1. Dicapai pada 21 May 2013. Until the French Revolution, all Jews would probably have been regarded as Orthodox, but in modem times Orthodoxy has developed a self-conscious ideology that, for some, distinguishes it from historical or traditional Judaism.
^ Dan Stone (22 February 2013). The Holocaust, Fascism and Memory: Essays in the History of Ideas. Palgrave Macmillan. m/s. 18. ISBN 978-1-137-02952-2. Dicapai pada 21 May 2013. As Timothy Snyder points out, although Auschwitz is located in Poland, actually very few Polish or Soviet Jews were killed there, and thus the largest victim groups — religiously orthodox Jews from Eastern Europe — are excluded from the most famous symbol of the Holocaust.
^ Alex Grobman (2004). Battling for Souls: The Vaad Hatzala Rescue Committee In Post-holocaust Europe. KTAV Publishing House, Inc. m/s. 23. ISBN 978-0-88125-843-1. Dicapai pada 21 May 2013. An entirely accurate estimate of how many Orthodox Jews were killed is impossible, but they were clearly the majority, somewhere between 50-70 percent.
^ ^a ^b American Jewish Religious Denominations Diarkibkan 2012-01-18 di Wayback Machine, United Jewish Communities Report Series on the National Jewish Population Survey 2001-01, (Table 2, pg. 9)
^ "Synagogue membership in the United Kingdom in 2010" (PDF). Diarkibkan daripada yang asal (PDF) pada 2011-07-22. Dicapai pada 2020-10-14.

Pautan luar

Origins of Orthodox Judaism
The different Orthodox Jewish groups Diarkibkan 2012-04-15 di Wayback Machine
The State of Orthodox Judaism Today
Orthodox Judaism in Israel
Google-Powered Search Engine indexing Orthodox-Interest Web Sites Diarkibkan 2007-12-12 di Wayback Machine
Orthodox Jewish population growth and political changes Diarkibkan 2006-12-12 di Wayback Machine

Rencana berkaitan agama ini ialah rencana tunas. Anda boleh membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.

[Auerbach1994-1] Susan Auerbach (1994). Encyclopedia of Multiculturalism: Daniel Ken Inouye-Mythology, American Indian. Marshall Cavendish. m/s. 976. ISBN 978-1-85435-674-1. Dicapai pada 21 May 2013. Until the French Revolution, all Jews would probably have been regarded as Orthodox, but in modem times Orthodoxy has developed a self-conscious ideology that, for some, distinguishes it from historical or traditional Judaism.

[Stone2013-2] Dan Stone (22 February 2013). The Holocaust, Fascism and Memory: Essays in the History of Ideas. Palgrave Macmillan. m/s. 18. ISBN 978-1-137-02952-2. Dicapai pada 21 May 2013. As Timothy Snyder points out, although Auschwitz is located in Poland, actually very few Polish or Soviet Jews were killed there, and thus the largest victim groups — religiously orthodox Jews from Eastern Europe — are excluded from the most famous symbol of the Holocaust.

[Grobman2004-3] Alex Grobman (2004). Battling for Souls: The Vaad Hatzala Rescue Committee In Post-holocaust Europe. KTAV Publishing House, Inc. m/s. 23. ISBN 978-0-88125-843-1. Dicapai pada 21 May 2013. An entirely accurate estimate of how many Orthodox Jews were killed is impossible, but they were clearly the majority, somewhere between 50-70 percent.

[AJRD-4] American Jewish Religious Denominations Diarkibkan 2012-01-18 di Wayback Machine, United Jewish Communities Report Series on the National Jewish Population Survey 2001-01, (Table 2, pg. 9)

[5] "Synagogue membership in the United Kingdom in 2010" (PDF). Diarkibkan daripada yang asal (PDF) pada 2011-07-22. Dicapai pada 2020-10-14.

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