Dinasti Bahri
Penampilan
Dinasti Bahri atau Mamluk Bahriyya (al-Mamalik al-Bahariyya المماليك البحرية ) adalah satu dinasti Mamluk yang kebanyakan terdiri daripada orang Kipchak yang berasal dari Turkic yang memerintah Mesir bermula pada tahun 1250 sehingga tahun 1382 apabila dinasti ini digantikan dengan dinasti Burji, iaitu satu kumpula lain dalam Mamluks. Nama mereka bermakna 'dari laut', merujuk kepada lokasi penempatan asal mereka di Pulau Al-Rodah di Nil (Bahr al-Nil) di Kaherah[1] di istana kota Al-Rodah yang telah dibina oleh Sultan Ayubiyyah, as-Salih Ayyub[2][3]
Senarai sultan-sultan Bahri
[sunting | sunting sumber]- 1250-1250 Shajar al-Durr شجر الدر
- 1250-1257 al-Muizz Izz-ad-Din Aybak المعز عز الدين أيبك
- 1250-1252 al-Ashraf Muzafar ad-Din Musa الأشرف مظفر الدين موسى (Ayyubid )
- 1257-1259 al-Mansur Nur ad-Din Ali المنصور نور الدين على
- 1259-1260 al-Muzaffar Sayf ad-Din Qutuz المظفر سيف الدين قطز
- 1260-1277 al-Zahir Rukn-ad-Din Baibars al-Bunduqdari الظاهر ركن الدين بيبرس البندقدارى
- 1277-1279 al-Said Nasir-ad-Din Barakah Khan السعيد ناصر الدين بركه خان
- 1279 al-Adil Badr al-Din Solamish العادل بدر الدين سُلامش
- 1279-1290 al-Mansur Sayf-ad-Din Qalawun al-Alfi المنصور سيف الدين قلاوون الالفى
- 1290-1293 al-Ashraf Salah-ad-Din Khalil الأشرف صلاح الدين خليل
- 1293-1294 an-Nasir Nasir-ad-Din Muhammad الناصر ناصر الدين محمدpemerintahan pertama
- 1294-1297 al-Adil Zayn-ad-Din Kitbugha العادل زين الدين كتبغا
- 1297-1299 al-Mansur Husam ad-Din Lajin المنصور حسام الدين لاجين
- 1299-1309 an-Nasir Nasir-ad-Din Muhammad الناصر ناصر الدين محمدpemerintahan kedua
- 1309 al-Muzaffar Rukn-ad-Din Baibars al-Jashankir المظفر ركن الدين بيبرس الجاشنكير
- 1309-1340 an-Nasir Nasir-ad-Din Muhammadالناصر ناصر الدين محمد pemerintahan ketiga
- 1340-1341 al-Mansur Sayf-ad-Din Abu-Bakr المنصور سيف الدين أبو بكر
- 1341-1342 al-Ashraf Ala'a-ad-Din Kujukالأشرف علاء الدين كجك
- 1342 an-Nasir Shihab-ad-Din Ahmad الناصر شهاب الدين أحمد
- 1342-1345 as-Salih Imad-ad-Din Ismail الصالح عماد الدين إسماعيل
- 1345-1346 al-Kamil Saif ad-Din Shaban I الكامل سيف الدين شعبان
- 1346-1347 al-Muzaffar Sayf-ad-Din Hajji I المظفر سيف الدين حاجى
- 1347-1351 an-Nasir Badr-ad-Din abu al-Mali al-Hasan الناصر بدر الدين أبو المعالى الحسن pemerintahan pertama
- 1351-1354 as-Salih Salah-ad-Din ben Muhamed الصالح صلاح الدين بن محمد
- 1354-1361 an-Nasir Nasir-ad-Din al-Hasan الناصر ناصر الدين الحسنpemerintahan kedua
- 1361-1363 al-Mansur Salah-ad-Din Muhammad المنصور صلاح الدين محمد
- 1363-1376 al-Ashraf Zayn-ad-Din Abu al-Mali Shaban الأشرف زين الدين أبو المعالى شعبان
- 1376-1382 al-Mansur Ala'a-ad-Din Ali المنصور علاء الدين على
- 1382 as-Salih Salah-ad-Din Hajji I الصالح صلاح الدين حاجىpemerintahan pertama
- 1382-1389 az-Zahir Sayf ad-Din Barquq الظاهر سيف الدين برقوق (dinasti Burji)
- 1389 Hajji II حاجىpemerintahan kedua (dengan gelaran kata hormat al-Muzaffar atau al-Mansur)
Rujukan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ There is another theory about the origin of the name which states that they were called 'Bahariyya' because they came by sea or from over sea. (Shayyal, 110/vol.2 )
- ^ (Al-Maqrizi, p. 441/vol.1 ) - (Abu Al-Fida, pp.66-87/ Year 647H - Death of as-Sailih Ayyub) - (Ibn Taghri/vol.6 - Year 639H )
- ^ After the Castle of al- Rodah was built, As-Salih moved with his Mamluks to it and lived there. (Al-Maqrizi, p.405/vol. 1 ). Later, the Mamluk Sultans lived at the Citadel of the Mountain which was situated on the Muqatam Mountain in Cairo (Al-Maqrizi, al-Mawaiz, p. 327/vol.3 ) where the Mosque of Muhammed Ali and the remains of the Citadel (known now by the name Saladin's Citadel) stand now.
- Abu al-Fida, The Concise History of Humanity.
- Al-Maqrizi, Al Selouk Leme'refatt Dewall al-Melouk, Dar al-kotob, 1997.
- Idem in English: Bohn, Henry G., The Road to Knowledge of the Return of Kings, Chronicles of the Crusades, AMS Press, 1969.
- Al-Maqrizi, al-Mawaiz wa al-'i'tibar bi dhikr al-khitat wa al-'athar,Matabat aladab, Cairo 1996, ISBN 977-241-175X
- Idem in French: Bouriant, Urbain, Description topographique et historique de l'Egypte,Paris 1895.
- Ayalon, D.: The Mamluk Military Society. London, 1979.
- Ibn Taghri, al-Nujum al-Zahirah Fi Milook Misr wa al-Qahirah, al-Hay'ah al-Misreyah 1968
- Idem in English: History of Egypt, by Yusef. William Popper, translator Abu L-Mahasin ibn Taghri Birdi, University of California Press 1954.
- Shayyal, Jamal, Prof. of Islamic history, Tarikh Misr al-Islamiyah (History of Islamic Egypt), dar al-Maref, Cairo 1266, ISBN 977-02-5975-6