Abstract
Solutions for energy hole problem in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been excessively explored using mobile sink (MS). Although, MS provides a considerable amount of energy saving and extends network lifetime. However, MS introduces varying degree of data acquisition latency depending on the trajectory followed. Therefore, rendezvous based data acquisition methods are proposed to mitigate this issue which are aimed to provide a trade-off between energy consumption and data acquisition latency. There exists a list of surveys that focus on issues related to sink mobility such as mobility aware energy efficient data acquisition schemes, mobility aware data acquisition and routing, etc. However, none of these surveys concern about the issue of providing a trade-off between energy consumption and data acquisition latency. Therefore, this review addresses the same issue and presents a taxonomy of rendezvous based data acquisition methods along with the design goals and associated designing requirements. The methods are grouped into two categories: rendezvous point (RP) based and rendezvous area (RA) based. Furthermore, a phase-wise comprehensive overview of these methods is provided which clearly unfold the way of resolving the targeted issue. Finally, the research issues and challenges are discussed in pursuit of data acquisition by MS.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Kumar, D. P., Tarachand, A., & Rao, A. C. S. (2018). ACO-based mobile sink path determination for wireless sensor networks under non-uniform data constraints. Applied Soft Computing, 69, 528–540.
Filippini, D. (2012). Autonomous sensor networks: Collective sensing strategies for analytical purposes. Berlin: Springer.
Anisi, M. H., Abdul-Salaam, G., Idris, M. Y. I., Wahab, A. W. A., & Ahmedy, I. (2017). Energy harvesting and battery power based routing in wireless sensor networks. Wireless Networks, 23(1), 249–266.
Guerroumi, M., Badache, N., & Moussaoui, S. (2015). Mobile sink and power management for efficient data dissemination in wireless sensor networks. Telecommunication Systems, 58(4), 279–292.
Yadav, S., & Yadav, R. S. (2016). A review on energy efficient protocols in wireless sensor networks. Wireless Networks, 22(1), 335–350.
Chong, C.-Y., & Kumar, S. P. (2003). Sensor networks: Evolution, opportunities, and challenges. Proceedings of the IEEE, 91(8), 1247–1256.
Molina-Pico, A., Cuesta-Frau, D., & Araujo, A. (2016). Forest monitoring and wildland early fire detection by a hierarchical wireless sensor network. Journal of Sensors, 2016, 1–8.
Ghosh, K., Neogy, S., Das, P. K., & Mehta, M. (2018). Intrusion detection at international borders and large military barracks with multi-sink wireless sensor networks: An energy efficient solution. Wireless Personal Communications, 98(1), 1083–1101.
Bokareva, T., Hu, W., Kanhere, S., Ristic, B., Gordon, N., Bessell, T., Rutten, M., & Jha, S. (2006). Wireless sensor networks for battlefield surveillance. In Proceeding of land warfare conference, Australia (pp. 1–8).
Habibzadeh, H., Qin, Z., Soyata, T., & Kantarci, B. (2017). Large-scale distributed dedicated and non-dedicated smart city sensing systems. IEEE Sensors Journal, 17(23), 7649–7658.
Wu, F., Xu, L., Kumari, S., & Li, X. (2017). An improved and anonymous two-factor authentication protocol for health-care applications with wireless medical sensor networks. Multimedia Systems, 23(2), 195–205.
Nam, W. H., Kim, T., Hong, E.-M., Choi, J.-Y., & Kim, J.-T. (2017). A wireless sensor network (WSN) application for irrigation facilities management based on information and communication technologies (ICTs). Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 143, 185–192.
Yang, L., Lu, Y.-Z., Zhong, Y.-C., & Yang, S. X. (2018). An unequal cluster-based routing scheme for multi-level heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. Telecommunication Systems, 68(1), 11–26.
Lian, J., Naik, K., & Agnew, G. B. (2006). Data capacity improvement of wireless sensor networks using non-uniform sensor distribution. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, SAGE Journals, 2(2), 121–145.
Jaichandran, R., Irudhayaraj, A. A., & Raja, J. E. (2010). Effective strategies and optimal solutions for hot spot problem in wireless sensor networks (WSN). In Proceedings of 10th international conference on information sciences signal processing and their applications (ISSPA) (pp. 389–392).
Yetgin, H., Cheung, K. T. K., El-Hajjar, M., & Hanzo, L. H. (2017). A survey of network lifetime maximization techniques in wireless sensor networks. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 19(2), 828–854.
Long, J., Dong, M., Ota, K., Liu, A., & Hai, S. (2015). Reliability guaranteed efficient data gathering in wireless sensor networks. IEEE Access, 3, 430–444.
Ben-Othman, J., & Yahya, B. (2010). Energy efficient and QoS based routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing, 70(8), 849857.
Saleem, M., Ullah, I., & Farooq, M. (2012). Beesensor: An energy efficient and scalable routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. Information Sciences, 200, 38–56.
Kong, L., Pan, J.-S., Snel, V., Tsai, P.-W., & Sung, T.-W. (2018). An energy-aware routing protocol for wireless sensor network based on genetic algorithm. Telecommunication Systems, 67(3), 451–463.
Younis, O., & Fahmy, S. (2004). Heed: A hybrid, energy-efficient, distributed clustering approach for ad hoc sensor networks. IEEE Transaction on Mobile Computing, 3(4), 366–379.
Sabet, M., & Naji, H. R. (2015). A decentralized energy efficient hierarchical cluster-based routing algorithm for wireless sensor networks. AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications, 69(5), 790–799.
Gherbi, C., Aliouat, Z., & Benmohammed, M. (2016). An adaptive clustering approach to dynamic load balancing and energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks. Energy, 114, 647–662.
Zhu, C., Han, G., & Zhang, H. (2017). A honeycomb structure based data gathering scheme with a mobile sink for wireless sensor network. Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications, 10(3), 484–499.
Shah, R. C., Roy, S., Jain, S., & Brunette, W. (2003). Data mules: Modeling a three-tier architecture for sparse sensor networks. Ad Hoc Networks, 1(2), 215–233.
Chatzigiannakis, I., Kinalis, A., & Nikoletseas, S. (2008). Efficient data propagation strategies in wireless sensor networks using a single mobile sink. Computer Communications, 31(5), 896–914.
Hamida, E. B., & Chelius, G. (2008). Strategies for data dissemination to mobile sinks in wireless sensor networks. IEEE Wireless Communications, 15(6), 31–37.
Rao, J., & Biswas, S. (2010). Network-assisted sink navigation for distributed data gathering: Stability and delay-energy trade-offs. Computer Communication, 33(2), 160–175.
Bhushan, B., & Sahoo, G. (2018). Recent advances in attacks, technical challenges, vulnerabilities and their countermeasures in wireless sensor networks. Wireless Personal Communications, 98(2), 2037–2077.
Zhang, X., Bao, H., Ye, J., Yan, K., & Zhang, H. (2013). A data gathering scheme for WSN/WSAN based on partitioning algorithm and mobile sinks. In Proceedings of 10th IEEE international conference on high performance computing and communications, China (pp. 1968–1973).
Arora, S. (1998). Polynomial time approximation schemes for euclidean traveling salesman and other geometric problems. Journal of ACM, 45(5), 753–782.
Alhasanat, A. I., Matrouk, K. D., Alasha’ary, H. A., & Al-Qadi, Z. A. (2014). Connectivity-based data gathering with path-constrained mobile sink in wireless sensor networks. Wireless Sensor Network, 6(6), 118–128.
Lee, E., Park, S., Oh, S., & Kim, S.-H. (2014). Rendezvous-based data dissemination for supporting mobile sinks in multi-hop clustered wireless sensor networks. Wireless Networks, 20(8), 2319–2336.
Jea, D., Somasundara, A., & Srivastava, M. (2005). Multiple controlled mobile elements (data mules) for data collection in sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 1st IEEE international conference on distributed computing in sensor systems, (DCOSS’05), California (pp. 244–257)
Ghosh, A., & Das, S. K. (2008). Coverage and connectivity issues in wireless sensor networks: A survey. Pervasive Mobile Computing, 4(3), 303–334.
Wang, B., Lim, H. B., & Ma, D. (2009). A survey of movement strategies for improving network coverage in wireless sensor networks. Computer Communication, 32(13/14), 1427–1436.
Zhu, C., Zhen, C., Shu, L., & Han, G. (2012). A survey on coverage and connectivity issues in wireless sensor networks. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 35(2), 619–632.
Anastasi, G., Conti, M., Francesco, M. D., & Passarella, A. (2009). Energy conservation in wireless sensor networks: A survey. Ad Hoc Networks, 7(3), 537568.
Pantazis, N., Nikolidakis, S., & Vergados, D. (2013). Energy-efficient routing protocols in wireless sensor networks: A survey. IEEE Communication Surveys Tutorials, 15(2), 551–591.
Khan, A. W., Abdullah, A. H., Anisi, M. H., & Bangash, J. I. (2014). A comprehensive study of data collection schemes using mobile sinks in wireless sensor networks. Sensors, 14(2), 2510–2548.
Yu, S., Zhang, B., Li, C., & Mouftah, H. (2014). Routing protocols for wireless sensor networks with mobile sinks: A survey. IEEE Communication Magazine, 52(7), 150–157.
Tunca, C., Isik, S., Donmez, M., & Ersoy, C. (2014). Distributed mobile sink routing for wireless sensor networks: A survey. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 16(2), 877–897.
Ngo, V., & Anpalagan, A. (2010). A detailed review of energy-efficient medium access control protocols for mobile sensor networks. Computers & electrical engineering, 36(2), 383–396.
Dong, Q., & Dargie, W. (2013). A survey on mobility and mobility-aware MAC protocols in wireless sensor networks. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 15(1), 88–100.
Zareei, M., Islam, A. K. M. M., Vargas-Rosales, C., Mansoor, N, Goudarzi, S., & Rehmani, M. H. (2018). Mobility-aware medium access control protocols for wireless sensor networks: A survey. Journal of Network and Computer Application, 104, 21–37.
Halder, S., & Ghosal, A. (2016). A survey on mobile anchor assisted localization techniques in wireless sensor networks. Wireless Networks, 22(7), 2317–2336.
Chelouah, L., Semchedine, F., & Bouallouche-Medjkoune, L. (2017). Localization protocols for mobile wireless sensor networks: A survey. Computers & Electrical Engineering, 71, 733–751. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2017.03.024.
Gu, Y., Ren, F., Ji, Y., & Li, J. (2015). The evolution of sink mobility management in wireless sensor networks: A survey. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 18(1), 507–524.
Hawbani, A., Wang, X., Kuhlani, H., Karmoshi, S., Ghoul, R., Sharabi, Y., et al. (2017). Sink-oriented tree based data dissemination protocol for mobile sinks wireless sensor networks. Wireless Networks, 24, 2723–2734. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-017-1497-y.
Wang, C.-F., Shih, J.-D., Pan, B.-H., & Wu, T.-Y. (2014). A network lifetime enhancement method for sink relocation and its analysis in wireless sensor networks. IEEE Sensors Journal, 14(6), 1932–1943.
De, S., Caruso, A., Chaira, T., & Chessa, S. (2006). Bounds on hop distance in greedy routing approach in wireless ad hoc networks. International Journal of Wireless and Mobile Computing, 1(2), 131–140.
Jiang, C., Li, T.-S., Liang, J.-B., & Wu, H. (2017). Low-latency and energy-efficient data preservation mechanism in low-duty-cycle sensor networks. Sensors, 17(5), 1–17.
Pazzi, R. W., Boukerche, A., Grande, R. E. D., & Mokdad, L. (2017). A clustered trail-based data dissemination protocol for improving the lifetime of duty cycle enabled wireless sensor networks. Wireless Network, 23(1), 177–192.
Afsar, M. M., & Tayarani-N, M.-H. (2014). Clustering in sensor networks: A literature survey. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 46, 198–226.
Rostami, A. S., Badkoobe, M., Mohanna, F., Keshavarz, H., Hosseinabadi, A. A. R., & Sangaiah, A. K. (2018). Survey on clustering in heterogeneous and homogeneous wireless sensor networks. The Journal of Supercomputing, 74(1), 277–323.
Randhawa, S., & Jain, S. (2017). Data aggregation in wireless sensor networks: Previous research, current status and future directions. Wireless Personal Communications, 97(3), 3355–3425.
Almi’ani K., Viglas, A., & Libman, L. (2010). Energy-efficient data gathering with tour length constrained mobile element in wireless sensor networks. In Proceeding of 35th IEEE conference on local computer networks, Colorado (pp. 582–589).
Kaswan, A., Nitesh, K., & Jana, P. K. (2017). Energy efficient path selection for mobile sink and data gathering in wireless sensor networks. International Journal of Electronics and Communications, 73, 110–118.
Hartigan, J. A., & Wong, M. A. (1979). Algorithm as 136: A k-means clustering algorithm. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 28(1), 100–8.
Kumar, A. K., Sivalingam, K. M., & Kumar, A. (2013). On reducing delay in mobile data collection based wireless sensor networks. Wireless Networks, 19(3), 285–299.
Zhu, R., Qin, Y., & Wang, J. (2011). Energy-aware distributed intelligent data gathering algorithm in wireless sensor networks. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, 7(4), 272–280.
Alnuaimi, M., Shuaib, K., Alnuaimi, K., & Hafez, M. A. (2015). Data gathering in delay tolerant wireless sensor networks using a ferry. Sensors, 15(10), 25809–25830.
Johnson, D. S., & McGeoch, L. A. (2007). Experimental analysis of heuristics for the step. In G. Gutin & A. P. Punnen (Eds.), The traveling salesman problem and its variations (pp. 369–443). Boston: Springer.
Cook, W. (2005). Concorde TSP solver. http://www.math.uwaterloo.ca/tsp/concorde/index.html.
Xing, G., Wang, T., Jia, W., & Li, M. (2008). Rendezvous design algorithms for wireless sensor networks with a mobile base station. In Proceeding of 9th ACM international symposium on mobile ad-hoc networking and computing, China (pp. 231–240).
Xing, G., Wang, T., Xie, Z., & Jia, W. (2008). Rendezvous planning in wireless sensor networks with mobile elements. IEEE Transaction on Mobile Computing, 7(12), 1430–1443.
Zhao, M., & Yang, Y. (2012). Bounded relay hop mobile data gathering in wireless sensor networks. IEEE Transaction on Computers, 61(2), 265–277.
Wen, W., Zhao, S., Shang, C., & Chang, C.-Y. (2018). EAPC: Energy-aware path construction for data collection using mobile sink in wireless sensor networks. IEEE Sensors Journals, 18(2), 890–901.
Salarian, H., Chin, K. W., & Naghdy, F. (2014). An energy-efficient mobile-sink path selection strategy for wireless sensor networks. IEEE Transaction on Vehicular Technology, 63(5), 2407–2419.
Zhu, C., Wu, S., Han, G., Shu, L., & Wu, H. (2015). A tree-cluster-based data-gathering algorithm for industrial WSNs with a mobile sink. IEEE Access, 3, 381–396.
Sofreavia, M. A local search based TSP solver. http://www3.cs.stonybrook.edu/~algorith/implement/tsp/distrib/maugis/README.
Cormen, T. H., Leiserson, C. E., Rivest, R. L., & Stein, C. (2001). Introduction to algorithms (2nd ed.). Cambridge: The MIT Press.
Cholissodin, I. (2007). To solving traveling salesman problem (TSP) for 10 till 100 city with local search. https://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://scholar.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=5009&context=theses.
Balid, W., Tafish, H., & Refai, H. H. (2018). Intelligent vehicle counting and classification sensor for real-time traffic surveillance. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 19(6), 1784–1794.
Boubrima, A., Bechkit, W., & Rivano, H. (2017). Optimal WSN deployment models for air pollution monitoring. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 16(5), 2723–2735.
Konstantopoulos, C., Pantziou, G., Gavalas, D., Mpitziopoulos, A., & Mamalis, B. (2012). A rendezvous-based approach enabling energy efficient sensory data collection with mobile sinks. IEEE Transaction on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 23(5), 809–817.
Chen, G., Li, C., Ye, M., & Wu, J. (2007). An unequal cluster-based routing protocol in wireless sensor networks. Wireless Networks, 15, 193–207.
Huang, H., & Savkin, A. V. (2017). An energy efficient approach for data collection in wireless sensor network using public transportation vehicles. International Journal of Electronics and Communication, 75, 108–118.
Mottaghi, S., & Zahabi, M. R. (2014). Optimizing LEACH clustering algorithm with mobile sink and rendezvous nodes. International Journal of Electronics and Communications, 69, 507–514.
Heizelman, W. R., Chandrakasan, A., & Balakrishnan, H. (2000). Energy-efficient communication protocol for wireless micro sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 33rd IEEE Hawaii international conference on system sciences, USA (pp. 10–20).
Khan, A. W., Abdullah, A. H., Razzaque, M. A., & Bangash, J. I. (2015). VGDRA: A virtual grid-based dynamic routes adjustment scheme for mobile sink-based wireless sensor networks. IEEE Sensors Journal, 15(1), 526–534.
Arthi, K., & Lochana, A. S. L. (2018). Zone-based dual sub sink for network lifetime maximization in wireless sensor network. Cluster Computing. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-018-2563-7.
Djiroun, F. Z., & Djenouri, D. (2017). MAC protocols with wake-up radio for wireless sensor networks: A review. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 19(1), 587–618.
Intanagonwiwat, C., Govindan, R., & Estrin, D. (2000). Directed diffusion: a scalable and robust communication paradigm for sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 6th annual international conference on mobile computing and networking, (MobiCom 2000), USA (pp. 56–67)
Hamida, E. B. & Chelius, G. (2008). A line-based data dissemination protocol for wireless sensor networks with mobile sink. In Proceedings of IEEE international conference on communications, (ICC 08), China (pp. 2201–2205).
Shin, J.-H., Kim, J., Park, K. & Park, D. (2005). Railroad: Virtual infrastructure for data dissemination in wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of 2nd ACM international workshop on performance evaluation of wireless ad hoc, sensor, and ubiquitous networks (PE-WASUN 05), Canada (pp. 168–174).
Erman, A., Dilo, A., & Havinga, P. (2012). A virtual infrastructure based on honeycomb tessellation for data dissemination in multi-sink mobile wireless sensor networks. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, 2012(17), 1–27.
Tunca, C., Isik, S., Donmez, M. Y., & Ersoy, C. (2015). Ring routing: An energy-efficient routing protocol for wireless sensor networks with a mobile sink. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 14(9), 1947–1960.
Sharma, S., Puthal, D., Jena, S. K., Zomaya, A. Y., & Ranjan, R. (2016). Rendezvous based routing protocol for wireless sensor networks with mobile sink. The Journal of Supercomputing, 73(3), 1168–1188.
Yarinezhad, R., & Sarabi, A. (2018). Reducing delay and energy consumption in wireless sensor networks by making virtual grid infrastructure and using mobile sink. AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications, 84, 144–152.
Shen, C.-C., Srisathapornphat, C., & Jaikaeo, C. (2001). Sensor information networking architecture and applications. IEEE Personal Communication, 8(4), 52–59.
Jain, S., Sharma, S., & Bagga, N. (2015). A vertical and horizontal segregation based data dissemination protocol. In Proceedings of 3rd emerging research in computing, information, communication and applications, (ERCICA-15), India (pp. 401–412).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mehto, A., Tapaswi, S. & Pattanaik, K.K. A review on rendezvous based data acquisition methods in wireless sensor networks with mobile sink. Wireless Netw 26, 2639–2663 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-019-02022-6
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-019-02022-6