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A Model of Plasma-Biofilm and Plasma-Tissue Interactions at Ambient Pressure

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Abstract

This paper presents the development of a model framework for plasma-biofilm and plasma-tissue interactions that can link molecular simulation of plasma chemistry to functions at a cell population level or a tissue level. This is aided with a reactive penetration model for mass transfer of highly transient plasma species across the gas–liquid boundary and a panel of electrical and thermal thresholds considering pain sensation, protein denaturation and lethal electric currents. Application of this model reveals a number of previously little known findings, for example the penetration of plasma chemistry into highly hydrated biofilms is about 10–20 μm deep for low-power He–O2 plasma and this is closely correlated to the penetration of liquid-phase plasma chemistry dominated by O2 −, H2O2, and HO2 or O2 −, H2O2, and O3. Optimization by manipulating liquid-phase chemistry is expected to improve the penetration depth to 40–50 μm. For direct plasma treatment of skin tissues at radio frequencies, the key tolerance issue is thermal injuries even with a tissue temperature <50 °C and these can lead to induction of pain and protein denaturation at a small discharge density of 8–15 mA/cm2 over few tens of seconds. These and other results presented offer opportunities to improve plasma-biofilm and plasma-tissue interactions. The model framework reported may be further extended and can be used to non-biomedical applications of low-temperature plasmas.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51307134 and 51221005), and Old Dominion University, USA.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Plasma Biomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049, People’s Republic of China

    C. Chen, D. X. Liu, Z. C. Liu, A. J. Yang & M. G. Kong

  2. Frank Reidy Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23508, USA

    H. L. Chen & M. G. Kong

  3. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA

    M. G. Kong

  4. Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK

    G. Shama

Authors
  1. C. Chen
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  2. D. X. Liu
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  3. Z. C. Liu
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  4. A. J. Yang
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  5. H. L. Chen
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  6. G. Shama
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  7. M. G. Kong
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to D. X. Liu or M. G. Kong.

Appendices

Appendix 1

See Table 1.

Table 1 Concentrations and fluxes at different transport nodes at O2/He = 1 %
Full size table

Appendix 2

See Table 2.

Table 2 Liquid phase chemical reactions
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Appendix 3

See Table 3.

Table 3 Diffusion coefficients in liquid phase
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Appendix 4

See Table 4.

Table 4 Maximum electric current and exposure time for human body [152]
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Appendix 5

See Table 5.

Table 5 Thermal and electrical parameters (at 13.56 MHz) of human skin tissues
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Chen, C., Liu, D.X., Liu, Z.C. et al. A Model of Plasma-Biofilm and Plasma-Tissue Interactions at Ambient Pressure. Plasma Chem Plasma Process 34, 403–441 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11090-014-9545-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11090-014-9545-1

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