Abstract
Blast-induced flyrock is a hazardous and undesirable phenomenon that may occur in surface mines, especially when blasting takes place near residential areas. Therefore, accurate prediction of flyrock distance is of high significance in the determination of the statutory danger area. To this end, there is a practical need to propose an accurate model to predict flyrock. Aiming at this topic, this study presents two machine learning models, including extreme learning machine (ELM) and outlier robust ELM (ORELM), for predicting flyrock. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that investigates the use of ORELM model in the field of flyrock prediction. To construct and verify the proposed ELM and ORELM models, a database including 82 datasets has been collected from the three granite quarry sites in Malaysia. Additionally, artificial neural network (ANN) and multiple regression models were used for comparison. According to the results, both ELM and ORELM models performed satisfactorily, and their performances were far better compared to the performances of ANN and multiple regression models.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Armaghani, D. J., Hajihassani, M., Bejarbaneh, B. Y., Marto, A., & Mohamad, E. T. (2014a). Indirect measure of shale shear strength parameters by means of rock index tests through an optimized artificial neural network. Measurement,55, 487–498.
Armaghani, D. J., Hajihassani, M., Mohamad, E. T., Marto, A., & Noorani, S. A. (2014b). Blasting-induced flyrock and ground vibration prediction through an expert artificial neural network based on particle swarm optimization. Arabian Journal of Geosciences,7, 5383–5396.
Armaghani, D. J., Hajihassani, M., Monjezi, M., Mohamad, E. T., Marto, A., & Moghaddam, M. R. (2015a). Application of two intelligent systems in predicting environmental impacts of quarry blasting. Arabian Journal of Geosciences,8, 9647–9665.
Armaghani, D. J., Mohamad, E. T., Hajihassani, M., Abad, S. A. N. K., Marto, A., & Moghaddam, M. R. (2015b). Evaluation and prediction of flyrock resulting from blasting operations using empirical and computational methods. Engineering with Computers,32(1), 109–121.
Armaghani, D. J., Mohamad, E. T., Momeni, E., & Narayanasamy, M. S. (2015c). An adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system for predicting unconfined compressive strength and Young’s modulus: A study on Main Range granite. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment,74(4), 1301–1319.
Armaghani, D. J., Hasanipanah, M., Bakhshandeh Amnieh, H., & Mohamad, E. T. (2018a). Feasibility of ICA in approximating ground vibration resulting from mine blasting. Neural Computing and Applications,29(9), 457–465.
Armaghani, D. J., Mohamad, E. T., Narayanasamy, M. S., Narita, N., & Yagiz, S. (2018b). Development of hybrid intelligent models for predicting TBM penetration rate in hard rock condition. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,63, 29–43.
Bajpayee, T., Rehak, T., Mowrey, G., & Ingram, D. (2004). Blasting injuries in surface mining with emphasis on flyrock and blast area security. Journal of Safety Research,35(1), 47–57.
Bakhtavar, E., & Yousefi, S. (2018). Analysis of ground vibration risk on mine infrastructures: Integrating fuzzy slack-based measure model and failure effects analysis. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-018-2008-0.
Behzadafshar, K., Mohebbi, F., Soltani Tehrani, M., Hasanipanah, M., & Tabrizi, M. (2018). Predicting the ground vibration induced by mine blasting using imperialist competitive algorithm. Engineering Computation,35(4), 1774–1787.
Bui, X. N., Nguyen, H., Le, H. A., Bui, H. B., & Do, N. H. (2019). Prediction of blast-induced air over-pressure in open-pit mine: Assessment of different artificial intelligence techniques. Natural Resources Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-019-09461-0.
Ebtehaj, I., Bonakdari, H., & Shamshirband, S. (2016). Extreme learning machine assessment for estimating sediment transport in open channels. Engineering with Computers,32(4), 691–704.
Gao, W., Alqahtani, A. S., Mubarakali, A., Mavaluru, D., & Khalafi, S. (2019). Developing an innovative soft computing scheme for prediction of air overpressure resulting from mine blasting using GMDH optimized by GA. Engineering with Computers,35(131), 1–8.
Ghasemi, E., Amini, H., Ataei, M., & Khalokakaei, R. (2014). Application of artificial intelligence techniques for predicting the flyrock distance caused by blasting operation. Arabian Journal of Geosciences,7, 193–202.
Hajihassani, M., Armaghani, D. J., Marto, A., & Mohamad, E. T. (2015a). Ground vibration prediction in quarry blasting through an artificial neural network optimized by imperialist competitive algorithm. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment,74(3), 873–886.
Hajihassani, M., Armaghani, D. J., Monjezi, M., Mohamad, E. T., & Marto, A. (2015b). Blast-induced air and ground vibration prediction: A particle swarm optimization-based artificial neural network approach. Environmental Earth Sciences,74(4), 2799–2817.
Hasanipanah, M., Armaghani, D. J., Amnieh, H. B., Koopialipoor, M., & Arab, H. (2018). A risk-based technique to analyze flyrock results through rock engineering system. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering,36(4), 2247–2260.
Hasanipanah, M., Armaghani, D. J., Amnieh, H. B., Majid, M. Z. A., & Tahir, M. M. D. (2017a). Application of PSO to develop a powerful equation for prediction of flyrock due to blasting. Neural Computing and Applications,28(1), 1043–1050.
Hasanipanah, M., Faradonbeh, R. S., Amnieh, H. B., Armaghani, D. J., & Monjezi, M. (2017b). Forecasting blast-induced ground vibration developing a CART model. Engineering with Computers,33(2), 307–316.
Hasanipanah, M., Faradonbeh, R. S., Armaghani, D. J., Amnieh, H. B., & Khandelwal, M. (2017c). Development of a precise model for prediction of blast-induced flyrock using regression tree technique. Environmental Earth Sciences,76(1), 27.
Hasanipanah, M., Shahnazar, A., Amnieh, H. B., & Armaghani, D. J. (2017d). Prediction of air-overpressure caused by mine blasting using a new hybrid PSO–SVR model. Engineering with Computers,33(1), 23–31.
Hasanipanah, M., Armaghani, D. J., Khamesi, H., Amnieh, H. B., & Ghoraba, S. (2016a). Several non-linear models in estimating air-overpressure resulting from mine blasting. Engineering with Computers,32(3), 441–455.
Hasanipanah, M., Noorian-Bidgoli, M., Armaghani, D. J., & Khamesi, H. (2016b). Feasibility of PSO-ANN model for predicting surface settlement caused by tunneling. Engineering with Computers,32(4), 705–715.
Hasanipanah, M., Bakhshandeh Amnieh, H., Khamesi, H., Armaghani, D. J., Bagheri Golzar, S., & Shahnazar, A. (2016c). Prediction of an environmental issue of mine blasting: An imperialistic competitive algorithm-based fuzzy system. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-017-1395-y.
Hecht-Nielsen, R. (1987). Kolmogorov’s mapping neural network existence theorem. In Proceedings of the first IEEE international conference on neural networks, San Diego, CA, USA, 11–14.
Holmeberg, R., & Persson, G. (1976). The effect of stemming on the distance of throw of flyrock in connection with hole diameters. Report DS 1, Swedish Detonic Research Foundation.
Huang, G. B., Zhu, Q. Y., & Siew, C. K. (2004). Extreme learning machine: A new learning scheme of feedforward neural networks. International Joint Conference on Neural Networks,2, 985–990.
IME. (1997). Glossary of commercial explosives industry terms. Washington: Institute of Makers of Explosives.
Kecojevic, V., & Radomsky, M. (2005). Flyrock phenomena and area security in blasting-related accidents. Safety Science,43(9), 739–750.
Khandelwal, M., & Armaghani, D. J. (2016). Prediction of drillability of rocks with strength properties using a hybrid GA-ANN technique. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering,34(2), 605–620.
Khandelwal, M., & Monjezi, M. (2013). Prediction of flyrock in open pit blasting operation using machine learning method. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,23, 313–316.
Khandelwal, M., & Singh, T. N. (2007). Evaluation of blast-induced ground vibration predictors. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,27(2), 116–125.
Koopialipoor, M., Fallah, A., Armaghani, D. J., Azizi, A., & Tonnizam Mohamad, E. (2018). Three hybrid intelligent models in estimating flyrock distance resulting from blasting. Engineering with Computers,35(1), 243–256.
Lu, X., Zhou, W., Ding, X., Shi, X., Luan, B., & Li, M. (2019). Ensemble learning regression for estimating unconfined compressive strength of cemented paste backfill. IEEE Access. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2918177.
Marto, A., Hajihassani, M., Armaghani, D. J., Tonnizam Mohamad, E., & Makhtar, A. M. (2014). A novel approach for blast induced flyrock prediction based on imperialist competitive algorithm and artificial neural network. Scientific World Journal,5, 643715.
Momeni, E., Nazir, R., Armaghani, D. J., & Maizir, H. (2015). Application of artificial neural network for predicting shaft and tip resistances of concrete piles. Earth Sciences Research Journal,19(1), 85–93.
Monjezi, M., Hasanipanah, M., & Khandelwal, M. (2013). Evaluation and prediction of blast-induced ground vibration at Shur River Dam, Iran, by artificial neural network. Neural Computing and Applications,22(7–8), 1637–1643.
Monjezi, M., Khoshalan, H. A., & Varjani, A. Y. (2012). Prediction of flyrock and backbreak in open pit blasting operation: A neurogenetic approach. Arabian Journal of Geosciences,5, 441–448.
Nguyen, H., & Bui, X. N. (2018). Predicting blast-induced air overpressure: A robust artificial intelligence system based on artificial neural networks and random forest. Natural Resources Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-018-9424-1.
Nguyen, H., Bui, X. N., Bac, B. H., & Mai, N. L. (2018). A comparative study of artificial neural networks in predicting blast-induced air-blast overpressure at Deo Nai open-pit coal mine, Vietnam. Neural Computing and Applications. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-018-3717-5.
Nguyen, H., Drebenstedt, C., Bui, X. N., & Bui, D. T. (2019). Prediction of blast-induced ground vibration in an open-pit mine by a novel hybrid model based on clustering and artificial neural network. Natural Resources Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-019-09470-z.
Qi, C., Fourie, A., Chen, Q., Tang, X., Zhang, Q., & Gao, R. (2018). Data-driven modelling of the flocculation process on mineral processing tailings treatment. Journal of Cleaner Production,196, 505–516.
Qi, C., Chen, Q., Fourie, A., Tang, X., Zhang, Q., Dong, X., et al. (2019a). Constitutive modelling of cemented paste backfill: A data-mining approach. Construction and Building Materials,197, 262–270.
Qi, C., Tang, X., Dong, X., Chen, Q., Fourie, A., & Liu, E. (2019b). Towards intelligent mining for backfill: A genetic programming-based method for strength forecasting of cemented paste backfill. Minerals Engineering,133, 69–79.
Rad, H. N., Bakhshayeshi, I., Wan Jusoh, W. A., Tahir, M. M., & Kok Foong, L. (2019). Prediction of flyrock in mine blasting: A new computational intelligence approach. Natural Resources Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-019-09464-x.
Rad, H. N., Hasanipanah, M., Rezaei, M., & Eghlim, A. L. (2018). Developing a least squares support vector machine for estimating the blast-induced flyrock. Engineering with Computers,34(4), 709–717.
Rehak, T., Bajpayee, T., Mowrey, G., & Ingram, D. (2001). Flyrock issues in blasting. In Proceedings of the annual conference on explosives and blasting technique, 2001. ISEE, 165–176.
Rezaei, M., Monjezi, M., & Varjani, A. Y. (2011). Development of a fuzzy model to predict flyrock in surface mining. Safety Science,49(2), 298–305.
Sari, M., Selcuk, A. S., Karpuz, C., & Duzgun, H. S. B. (2009). Stochastic modeling of accident risks associated with an underground coal mine in Turkey. Safety Science,47(1), 78–87.
Shahnazar, A., Rad, H. N., Hasanipanah, M., Tahir, M. M., Armaghani, D. J., & Ghoroqi, M. (2017). A new developed approach for the prediction of ground vibration using a hybrid PSO-optimized ANFIS-based model. Environmental Earth Sciences,76(15), 527.
Shang, Y., Nguyen, H., Bui, X. N., Tran, Q. H., & Moayedi, H. (2019). A novel artificial intelligence approach to predict blast-induced ground vibration in open-pit mines based on the firefly algorithm and artificial neural network. Natural Resources Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-019-09503-7.
Siskind, D. E., & Kopp, J. W. (1995). Blasting accidents in mines: a 16-year summary. In Proceedings of the twenty-first annual conference on explosives and blasting technique, vol 2. International Society of Explosives Engineers, Cleveland, OH.
Trivedi, R., Singh, T. N., & Gupta, N. I. (2015). Prediction of blast induced flyrock in opencast mines using ANN and ANFIS. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering,33, 875–891.
Verakis, H., & Lobb, T. (1999). Blasting accidents in surface mines, a two decade summary. In Proceedings of the annual conference on explosives and blasting technique, 2001. ISEE, pp 145–152.
Verakis, H., & Lobb, T. (2003). An analysis of surface coal mine blasting accidents. In Preprint for SME 2003 annual meeting, Littleton, Colorado, USA.
Yang, H., Hasanipanah, M., Tahir, M. M., & Bui, D. T. (2019). Intelligent prediction of blasting-induced ground vibration using ANFIS optimized by GA and PSO. Natural Resources Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-019-09515-3.
Yang, J., & Zhang, Y. (2011). Alternating direction algorithms for ℓ1-problems in compressive sensing. SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing,33(1), 250–278.
Yari, M., Bagherpour, R., Jamali, S., & Shamsi, R. (2016). Development of a novel flyrock distance prediction model using BPNN for providing blasting operation safety. Neural Computing and Applications,27(3), 699–706.
Yari, M., Monjezi, M., Bagherpour, R., & Jamali, S. (2014). Developing a mathematical assessment model for blasting patterns management: Sungun copper mine. Journal of Central South University,21(11), 4344–4351.
Zhang, K., & Luo, M. (2015). Outlier-robust extreme learning machine for regression problems. Neurocomputing,151, 1519–1527.
Zhang, X., Nguyen, H., Bui, X.-N., Tran, Q.-H., Nguyen, D.-A., Bui, D. T., et al. (2019). Novel soft computing model for predicting blast-induced ground vibration in open-pit mines based on particle swarm optimization and XGBoost. Natural Resources Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-019-09492-7.
Acknowledgment
This paper is supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFC0501103); the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51804299); and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (Grant No. BK20180646).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lu, X., Hasanipanah, M., Brindhadevi, K. et al. ORELM: A Novel Machine Learning Approach for Prediction of Flyrock in Mine Blasting. Nat Resour Res 29, 641–654 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-019-09532-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-019-09532-2