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Sex Differences in Experimentally Induced Colitis in Mice: a Role for Estrogens

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Abstract

Sex differences have been found in the incidence and progression of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. The reported differences in observational studies are controversial, and the effects of sex hormones on the pathogenesis of IBD are not clear. The aim of this study was to analyze sex differences in the progression of experimentally induced colitis. Experimental colitis was induced in adult mice by adding 2 % dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) into drinking water. Male and female mice were used as intact, gonadectomized, and supplemented with either estradiol or testosterone. In comparison to males, female mice with induced colitis had significantly longer colon (p < 0.05), lower decrease in body weight (p < 0.001), and lower stool consistency score (p < 0.05). Histopathological analysis showed less inflammatory infiltrates (p < 0.001) and crypt damage (p < 0.001) in female mice. Female mice with colitis had also lower concentration of TNF-α in colon homogenates (p < 0.01). Supplementation with estradiol in ovariectomized mice ameliorated the severity of colitis. Female mice are partially protected against chemically induced colitis. This protection seems to be mediated by estradiol.

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Acknowledgments

This study was funded by the Slovak Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport—grant number VEGA 1/0406/13 and by Comenius University Grant UK/315/2015.

Conflict of Interest

The authors confirm that there are no conflicts of interest to declare.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08, Bratislava, Slovakia

    Janka Bábíčková, Ľubomíra Tóthová, Eva Lengyelová, Július Hodosy, Roman Gardlík & Peter Celec

  2. Center for Molecular Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia

    Janka Bábíčková, Ľubomíra Tóthová, Július Hodosy, Roman Gardlík & Peter Celec

  3. Clinical and Transplant Pathology Department, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic

    Anastázie Bartoňová

  4. Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia

    Július Hodosy

  5. Institute of Patophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia

    Peter Celec

  6. Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia

    Peter Celec

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  1. Janka Bábíčková
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Correspondence to Janka Bábíčková.

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Bábíčková, J., Tóthová, Ľ., Lengyelová, E. et al. Sex Differences in Experimentally Induced Colitis in Mice: a Role for Estrogens. Inflammation 38, 1996–2006 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10753-015-0180-7

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