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Production of phytotoxic metabolites by five species of Botryosphaeriaceae causing decline on grapevines, with special interest in the species Neofusicoccum luteum and N. parvum

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Abstract

In recent years an increasing number of species of Botryosphaeriaceae have been associated with grapevine decline worldwide. Five species isolated from declining grapevines in Spain (Botryosphaeria dothidea, Diplodia seriata, Dothiorella viticola, Neofusicoccum luteum and N. parvum) were checked for toxin production in liquid cultures. Cultural conditions for all fungi were adjusted to obtain optimal production of phytotoxic culture filtrates, by growing the fungi in steady liquid cultures of Czapek–Dox broth for different time intervals. Phytotoxicity of D. seriata and N. parvum reached a maximum after 14 days while the remaining species showed the highest phytotoxicity levels after 21 days in culture. All fungi produced hydrophilic high-molecular weight compounds with phytotoxic properties. In addition, N. luteum and N. parvum produced lipophilic low-molecular weight phytotoxins, not detected consistently among the remaining species. This led to a more exhaustive study on the phytotoxicity of N. luteum and N. parvum. Culture filtrates and corresponding extracts of both species were consistently highly phytotoxic in different assays. The gas-chromatography analysis of the acetylated O-methyl glycosides of the phytotoxic exopolysaccharides produced by N. parvum showed these substances to be composed mainly of glucose, mannose and galactose. Results suggest that phytotoxic metabolites could be involved in the virulence of both species in planta.

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Acknowledgements

This research study was commissioned from ARSIA-Toscana (Regional Agency for Development and Innovation in Agriculture and Forest) by fourteen administrative Regions and one autonomous province, and financed with funds provided by the ‘Ministero per le Politiche Agricole e Forestali’ (Ministry for Agriculture and Forestry Policy, Italy) to implement the inter-Regional Project: Grapevine esca: research and experiment in the nursery and in the field for prevention and cure. Additional funds were provided by the ‘Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria’ (INIA) under project RTA03-058-C2-1 (Spain). Soledad Martos was supported by the ‘Departament d’Educació i Universitats de la Generalitat de Catalunya’ (Regional Government of Catalonia, Spain) and the European Social Fund. The authors would like to thank M. Fiore and F. Peduto for their continuous help in the laboratory work, Dr. Teresa Ieranò for EPS GC-MS analysis and P. Manzano for his valuable suggestions. Contribution DISSPAPA 162.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Ctra. de Cabrils km 2, 08348, Cabrils, Barcelona, Spain

    Soledad Martos & Jordi Luque

  2. Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta, dell’Ambiente e delle Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055, Portici, Italy

    Anna Andolfi & Antonio Evidente

  3. Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Agrarie–Patologia Vegetale, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144, Firenze, Italy

    Laura Mugnai & Giuseppe Surico

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  1. Soledad Martos
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  2. Anna Andolfi
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  4. Laura Mugnai
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Correspondence to Antonio Evidente.

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Martos, S., Andolfi, A., Luque, J. et al. Production of phytotoxic metabolites by five species of Botryosphaeriaceae causing decline on grapevines, with special interest in the species Neofusicoccum luteum and N. parvum . Eur J Plant Pathol 121, 451–461 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-007-9263-0

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