Abstract
The computational power of networks of small resource-limited mobile agents is explored. Two new models of computation based on pairwise interactions of finite-state agents in populations of finite but unbounded size are defined. With a fairness condition on interactions, the concept of stable computation of a function or predicate is defined. Protocols are given that stably compute any predicate in the class definable by formulas of Presburger arithmetic, which includes Boolean combinations of threshold-k, majority, and equivalence modulo m. All stably computable predicates are shown to be in NL. Assuming uniform random sampling of interacting pairs yields the model of conjugating automata. Any counter machine with O(1) counters of capacity O(n) can be simulated with high probability by a conjugating automaton in a population of size n. All predicates computable with high probability in this model are shown to be in P; they can also be computed by a randomized logspace machine in exponential time. Several open problems and promising future directions are discussed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Angluin, D., Aspnes, J., Chan, M., Fischer, M.J., Jiang, H., Peralta, R.: Stably computable properties of network graphs. In: Viktor K. Prasanna, Sitharama Iyengar, Paul Spirakis and Matt Welsh (eds.), Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems: First IEEE International Conference (2005). Lecture Notes in Computer Science 3560, 63–74 (June/July, 2005) Proceedings Marina del Rey, CA, USA
Angluin, D., Aspnes, J., Diamadi, Z., Fischer, M.J., Peralta, R.: Urn automata. Tech. Rep. YALEU/DCS/TR–1280, Yale University Department of Computer Science (2003)
Berry, G., Boudol, G.: The chemical abstract machine. Theor. Comp. Sci. 96, 217–248 (1992)
Brand, D., Zafiropulo, P.: On communicating finite-state machines. J. ACM 30(2), 323–342 (1983)
Diamadi, Z., Fischer, M.J.: A simple game for the study of trust in distributed systems. Wuhan Univ. J. Natur. Sci. 6(1–2), 72–82 (2001). Also appears as Yale Technical Report TR–1207, January 2001, available at URL ftp://ftp.cs.yale.edu/pub/TR/tr1207.ps
Esparza, J.: Decidability and complexity of Petri net problems-an introduction. In: Rozenberg, G., Reisig, W., (eds.) Lectures on Petri Nets I: Basic models, pp. 374–428. Springer Verlag (1998). Published as LNCS 1491
Esparza, J., Nielsen, M.: Decibility issues for Petri nets—a survey. J. Inform. Process. Cybern. 30(3), 143–160 (1994)
Fang, Q., Zhao, F., Guibas, L.: Lightweight sensing and communication protocols for target enumeration and aggregation. In: Proceedings of the 4th ACM International Symposium on Mobile ad hoc Networking & Computing, pp. 165–176. ACM Press (2003)
Fischer, M.J., Rabin, M.O.: Super-exponential complexity of Presburger arithmetic. In: Complexity of Computation, SIAM-AMS Proceedings, vol. VII, pp. 27–41. American Mathematical Society (1974)
Ginsburg, S., Spanier, E.H.: Semigroups, Presburger formulas, and languages. Pac. J. Math. 16, 285–296 (1966)
Grossglauser, M., Tse, D.N.C.: Mobility increases the capacity of ad hoc wireless networks. IEEE/ACM Transac. Networking 10(4), 477–486 (2002)
Ibarra, O.H., Dang, Z., Egecioglu, O.: Catalytic p systems, semilinear sets, and vector addition systems. Theor. Comput. Sci. 312(2–3), 379–399 (2004)
Immerman, N.: Nondeterministic space is closed under complementation. SIAM J. Comput. 17(5), 935–938 (1988)
Intanagonwiwat, C., Govindan, R., Estrin, D.: Directed diffusion: a scalable and robust communication paradigm for sensor networks. In: Proceedings of the 6th Annual International Conference on Mobile computing and networking, pp. 56–67. ACM Press (2000)
Kracht, M.: The Mathematics of Language, Studies in Generative Grammar, vol. 63. Mouton de Gruyter (2003). ISBN 3-11-017620-3
Madden, S.R., Franklin, M.J., Hellerstein, J.M., Hong, W.: TAG: A Tiny AGgregation service for ad-hoc sensor networks (December, 2002). In OSDI 2002: Fifth Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation
Milner, R.: Bigraphical reactive systems: basic theory. Tech. rep., University of Cambridge (2001). UCAM-CL-TR-523
Minsky, M.L.: Computation: Finite and Infinite Machines. Prentice-Hall Series in Automatic Computation. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J. (1967)
Monk, J.D.: Mathematical Logic. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (1976)
von Neumann, J.: Theory and organization of complicated automata. In: A.W. Burks (ed.) Theory of Self-Reproducing Automata [by] John von Neumann, pp. 29–87 (Part One). University of Illinois Press, Urbana (1949). Based on transcripts of lectures delivered at the University of Illinois, in December 1949. Edited for publication by A.W. Burks
Parikh, R.J.: On context-free languages. J. ACM 13(4), 570–581 (1966).
Presburger, M.: Über die Vollständigkeit eines gewissen Systems der Arithmetik ganzer Zahlen, in welchem die Addition als einzige Operation hervortritt. In: Comptes-Rendus du I Congrès de Mathématiciens des Pays Slaves, pp. 92–101. Warszawa (1929)
Volzer, H.: Randomized non-sequential processes. In: Proceedings of CONCUR 2001-Concurrency Theory, pp. 184–201 (2001)
Zhao, F., Liu, J., Liu, J., Guibas, L., Reich, J.: Collaborative signal and information processing: An information directed approach. Proc. IEEE 91(8), 1199–1209 (2003)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Supported in part by NSF grants CCR-9820888, CCR-0098078, and CNS-0305258 (Aspnes), by ONR grant N00014-01-1-0795 (Diamadi), and by NSF grant CSE-0081823 (Fischer and Peralta).
A preliminary version of this paper appeared in the proceedings of the 23rd ACM SIGACT-SIGOPS Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada, July 2004.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Angluin, D., Aspnes, J., Diamadi, Z. et al. Computation in networks of passively mobile finite-state sensors. Distrib. Comput. 18, 235–253 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00446-005-0138-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00446-005-0138-3